CN102298154A - Device and method for monitoring evolution and distribution of mining-induced fracture - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring evolution and distribution of mining-induced fracture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and method for monitoring the evolution and distribution of a mining-induced fracture. Generation, evolution and distribution of the mining-induced fracture are monitored through a method of monitoring acoustic wave or vibration generated in fracture of coal or rock. The device mainly comprises an anti-explosion acoustic wave monitor, an anti-explosion power source and a ground monitoring analysis center, wherein the anti-explosion acoustic wave monitor consists of a sonic sensor and a signal conversion and data acquisition instrument; the sonic sensor is arranged on a roadway base plate, an anchor rod tail end or a drill hole; and an acoustic wave or vibration signal monitored by the sonic sensor is collected and processed by the signal conversion and data collection instrument, and is transmitted to the ground monitoring analysis center through an optical fiber port to be subjected to processing, positioning and quantitative analyzing and be labeled on a plane, a cross section or a space diagram according to the position and size, so as to show the position and size of the fracture. The device and method provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of large monitoring range, a large amount of comprehensive monitoring information, high automation degree, strong instantaneity and capability of being applied to monitoring and forecasting the coal rock dynamic disasters, such as rock burst, and outburst and water burst of coal and gas and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring device and method, especially a kind ofly develop and distribution monitoring device and method, belong to rock pressure [in mine and safety technique field by the break sound wave that produces or the mine mining-induced fissure of vibrations of monitoring coal petrography.Also can be applicable to coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and predictions such as the outstanding and gushing water of rock burst (rock burst), coal and gas.
Background technology
Rock body quality of mine is in the virgin stress equilibrium state under natural condition.The digging activity of Jing Gongkuangshan causes the redistribution of stress field and the activity of country rock, and the country rock activity comprises the generation of surrouding rock deformation and mining-induced fissure.The generation of mining-induced fissure is that this place's surrouding rock stress surpasses the fracture behaviour that takes place after the ultimate stress that self can bear.In the mining process of well industrial and mineral mountain, can be attended by the generation and the evolution of mining-induced fissure all the time.Mining-induced fissure can be divided into roof strata mining-induced fissure, coal seam mining-induced fissure, floor strata mining-induced fissure and face of land mining-induced fissure by the position that the coal rock layer mining-induced fissure occurs; Character by mining-induced fissure can be divided into: the absciss layer crack of vertical disrumpent feelings crack, rock stratum interlayer and the activation of fault surface.The coal rock dynamic disaster that occurs in the mine excavation process (, rock burst outstanding with gas as surface subsidence, tunnel unstability, roof and floor gushing water, coal and roof collapse etc.) is all direct or indirect relevant with development with existence these cracks.The generation of mining-induced fissure can cause the raising of coal rock layer permeability, is the better channels of gas migration, and the formulation of gas pressure relief extraction measure and implementation result are adopted also with the distribution of mining-induced fissure and develop closely related in the colliery.Mining-induced fissure also is the main cause that causes that mine sudden flooding and water resource run off.Therefore survey generation, evolution and the distribution of mining-induced fissure digging activity, mine stress distribution and evolution, the coverage of grasp mine excavation activity, protection water resource, all have very important theory significance and application prospect for control of coalmine gas and coal rock dynamic disaster prediction and control etc. for real-time understanding Jing Gongkuangshan.
For a long time, the conventional method that overlying strata movement and deformation tamper detection adopts is that drilling fluid consumes method, and the conventional method that stope base plate rock mass deformation tamper detection adopts has subsection water injection wastage observation method and stress measurement method etc.In the last few years, the crack was surveyed and is also adopted boring to spy on method.It is to be noted, said method all is to carry out in single boring, because the coal seam is adopted the overlying strata and the floor strata deformation failure that cause and is had dynamic and space-time, be that the crack network is in time with the space dynamic change along with adopting movable carrying out, so can only react the cranny development situation of hole wall subrange by the Effect on Detecting of single borehole, and result of detection just reflects the crack situation during the boring, belongs to static observation.Under the drilling hole amount condition of limited, result of detection can not complete reaction the generation and the distribution situation in coal and rock crack in relatively the spatial dimension, more can not in time reflect the coal and rock mining-induced fissure in time with the evolution situation in space, can't satisfy the actual demand in mine.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the problem that exists in the prior art, provide a kind of mine mining-induced fissure to develop and distribution monitoring device and method, it is simple in structure, easy to operate, energy real-time continuous monitoring mine mining-induced fissure develops and distribution situation.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: comprise a plurality of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, give explosion-proof electrical source, ground communications interface and the ground monitoring analytic centre of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument power supply, described explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument comprises a plurality of sonic sensors and conversion of signals and data collecting instrument; Described conversion of signals and data collecting instrument comprise a plurality of input interfaces, signaling conversion circuit, the A/D change-over circuit that is connected with the output terminal of signaling conversion circuit, the CPU processor that is connected with the A/D change-over circuit, are connected with clock circuit, data-carrier store, program storage, display, RS485 interface and optical fiber interface on the CPU processor respectively; Described a plurality of sonic sensor is connected with each corresponding input interface of data collecting instrument with conversion of signals respectively; Described ground monitoring analytic centre comprises ground monitoring central station that links to each other with the ground communications interface and the terminal computer that links to each other with the ground monitoring central station; Conversion of signals is connected with the ground communications interface by optical fiber, switch with the optical fiber interface of data collecting instrument.
Described sonic sensor is at least 4; Described sonic sensor is calibrate AE sensor or microseismic activity sensor.
Mine of the present invention mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring method, uses above-mentioned mine mining-induced fissure to develop and the distribution monitoring device, comprises the steps:
A. determine monitored area in the mine scope according to on-the-spot actual needs, the sonic sensor installation site is determined in the digging space in the monitored area;
B. according to monitoring distance and the selected sonic sensor of precision:
When the sonic sensor position is installed from sound source such as back production, driving, roof movement or vibroseis distance＜300m and monitoring accuracy requirement＜5m, select calibrate AE sensor for use;
When peace sonic sensor position during, select the microseismic activity sensor for use from sound source such as back production, driving, roof movement or vibroseis distance 〉=300m;
C. in roadway floor, anchor pole end or boring, sonic sensor is installed, is made sonic sensor and coal and rock carry out good coupling;
D. each sonic sensor is connected with data collecting instrument with conversion of signals, conversion of signals is connected by optical fiber, switch, ground communications interface and ground monitoring analytic centre with data collecting instrument; In ground monitoring central station software, set the position and the sonic propagation parameter of each sensor; Explosion-proof electrical source is connected with explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, and opens the power switch of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument is started working;
E. coal and rock is subjected to mining influence or stress to produce crack and sound wave activity down, and after being received by the sonic sensor of focus periphery, acoustic signals is by explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument high speed acquisition, storage, and the statistics of demonstration acoustic signals; Give the ground monitoring central station with the sonic data real-time Transmission simultaneously;
F. the ground monitoring central station is by software first to constantly carrying out the acoustic signals source location according to each passage waveform, automatically calculate energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration of sound wave life event, and the event number in the statistical unit time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number; The acoustic signal source of location is the position of mining-induced fissure, the size of the mining-induced fissure of the energy size expression equivalence of sound wave life event;
G. in plane, section or the stereographic map of terminal computer, show and indicate the position and the size of mining-induced fissure automatically, the energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration that on terminal computer, show the sound wave life event with the form of scheming or tabulating, and distribution spatially and over time, and the event number of sound wave activity in the unit of display time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number.
Because the stand under load coal and rock can produce sound wave or vibrations when producing crack or fracture, by monitoring sound wave or vibration signal and locating the position that source takes place for it, just can understand the locus that produces the crack, by real-time monitoring sound wave or vibration signal and carry out real-time positioning and analysis, just can realize real-time monitoring that mining-induced fissure is developed and distributes, for the mine activity of adopting and mine safety provide basic data timely.Sensor automatic reception crack takes place or evolution produces sound wave or the vibration information that utilize fixed point to install, calculate and EVOLUTION ANALYSIS by location, energy, determine position, size and the evolutionary process of mining-induced fissure, the generation of monitoring and definite mining-induced fissure in real time, distribution and with the evolution relation of mining process and time-space reflect situations such as mine stress distribution and variation, country rock activity and mining influence in real time.Can develop and the total space that distributes, continuous, monitoring dynamically, in real time and automatically to mining-induced fissure, monitoring result provides basic basis for ore deposit pressure observation, overlying strata activity, goaf top plate inbreak, coal rock dynamic disaster forecast and control, gas pumping and fwaater resources protection etc.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: compared with prior art, method is simple, and the automaticity height is real-time, easy for installation, operates faster, easy, permanently effective; Do not need to pry into and survey boring, significantly reduced the detection operations amount; Monitoring information comprehensively, amount is big, overcome " a peephole view " of traditional observation procedure, can produce the mining-induced fissure in the total space in the monitoring range and any moment and spread scenarios is monitored in real time and reflected by different frequency bands dimension transducer network.Also can be applicable to coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and predictions such as the outstanding and gushing water of rock burst, coal and gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that mining-induced fissure of the present invention develops and distribution monitoring device structural representation.
Fig. 2 is that mining-induced fissure of the present invention develops and distribution monitoring method process flow diagram.
Among the figure: 1, sonic sensor, 2, input interface, 3, signaling conversion circuit, 4, power-switching circuit, 5, the A/D change-over circuit, 6, the CPU processor, 7, clock circuit, 8, data-carrier store, 9, program storage, 10, display, 11, the RS485 interface, 12, optical fiber interface, 13, explosion-proof electrical source, 14, ground communications interface, 15, the ground monitoring central station, 16, terminal computer.
Embodiment
One embodiment of the present of invention are done into to go up the description in step below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Shown in Figure 1, mine of the present invention mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring device, mainly is made up of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument A, explosion-proof electrical source 13, ground communications interface 14 and ground monitoring analytic centre C four parts.Explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument A mainly is made of sonic sensor 1, input interface 2, signaling conversion circuit 3, power-switching circuit 4, A/D change-over circuit 5, CPU processor 6, clock circuit 7, data-carrier store 8, program storage 9, display 10, RS485 interface 11 and optical fiber interface 12.Wherein sonic sensor 1 is calibrate AE sensor or microseismic activity sensor; Sonic sensor is at least 4; The A/D modular converter of A/D change-over circuit 5 is selected the ADS7852 chip for use; CPU processor 6 CPU (central processing unit) are selected the STM32103 single-chip microcomputer for use; It is main circuit that clock circuit 7 is selected clock chip DS12887 for use, can export information such as year, month, day, hour, min, second; Data-carrier store 8 can be transferred to ground to the data of test by the standard output interface in real time according to designing requirement, maybe the data storage of test is got up, and prevents loss, and is transferred to computing machine after waiting until; It is SDHC Ultimate Class 10 memory cards of 4.0GB that data-carrier store is selected capacity for use.Program storage 9 considers that native system mainly is a test data, does not carry out complicated data processing, so program storage selects for use the 27C512 of 64K byte can meet the demands.Display 10 displays are selected the extremely low LCD of power consumption for use.For convenience and the saving program memory space of programming, and displaying contents is abundant, selects 16 characters of every row LCD of totally 4 row for use.Being connected by socket CH2 of display and mainboard finished.Explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument A comprises 4～16 sonic sensors 1, conversion of signals and data collecting instrument B, and 4～16 sonic sensors 1 are calibrate AE sensor or microseismic activity sensor.Conversion of signals and data collecting instrument B are connected 4～16 input interfaces 2 and the signaling conversion circuit 3 of 4～16 sonic sensors 1 respectively, the output terminal of signaling conversion circuit 3 is connected with A/D change-over circuit 5, A/D change-over circuit 5 is connected to CPU processor 6, is connected with clock circuit 7, data-carrier store 8, program storage 9, display 10, RS485 interface 11 and optical fiber interface 12 on the CPU processor 6 respectively.Explosion-proof electrical source is selected existing KJ series explosion-proof electrical source for use, and operating voltage is DC12～21V.The major function of ground monitoring analytic centre C comprises Data Receiving, data management, data processing (sound source or focus are located automatically, energy calculates, during incident one empty distribution statistics analysis etc.), data and functions such as graphic presentation, data query, information indicating and form.Ground monitoring analytic centre C mainly is made of with the terminal computer 16 that links to each other with ground monitoring central station 15 the ground monitoring central station 15 that links to each other with ground communications interface 14.Ground monitoring analytic centre C connects 1～16 explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument as required.The explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument of each 8 passage A can connect 8 sonic sensors at most, and the explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument of each 16 passage A can connect 16 sonic sensors 1 at most.Sonic sensor 1 is selected calibrate AE sensor or microseismic activity sensor for use according to the requirement of monitoring accuracy and monitoring range.Conversion of signals comprises a plurality of input interfaces 2 and the signaling conversion circuit 3 that is connected a plurality of sonic sensors 1 respectively with data collecting instrument B, the output terminal of signaling conversion circuit 3 is connected with A/D change-over circuit 5, A/D change-over circuit 5 is connected to CPU processor 6, is connected with clock circuit 7, data-carrier store 8, program storage 9, display 10, RS485 interface 11 and optical fiber interface 12 on the CPU processor 6 respectively; Ground monitoring analytic centre C comprises ground monitoring central station 15 and the terminal computer 16 that links to each other with ground communications interface 14; Each sonic sensor 1 and conversion of signals and the corresponding input interface 2 of data collecting instrument B among the explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument A, after connecting, signaling conversion circuit 3 series connection connect A/D change-over circuit 5, power-switching circuit 4, A/D change-over circuit 5 is connected with explosion-proof electrical source 13 with CPU processor 6, A/D change-over circuit 5, clock circuit 7, data-carrier store 8, program storage 9, display 10, RS485 interface 11, optical fiber interface 12 connects CPU processor 6 respectively, optical fiber interface 12 passes through optical fiber, switch is connected with ground communications interface 14, ground communications interface 14 and terminal computer 16 ground plane monitoring center station 15.
Shown in Figure 2, mine of the present invention mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring method:
A. determine monitored area in the mine scope according to on-the-spot actual needs, the sonic sensor installation site is determined in the digging space in the monitored area, and sonic sensor should be convenient to install in definite place;
B. according to monitoring distance and the selected sonic sensor of precision:
When sonic sensor 1 position being installed, or monitor the range scale of a workplace, and during monitoring accuracy requirement＜5m, select calibrate AE sensor for use from sound source or vibroseis distance＜300m such as back production, driving, roof movements;
When peace sonic sensor 1 position during from sound source such as back production, driving, roof movement or vibroseis distance 〉=300m, or the scope of monitoring is selected the microseismic activity sensor for use during greater than the yardstick of a workplace;
When the installation site allows and monitoring accuracy is had relatively high expectations, calibrate AE sensor should be installed as much as possible;
C. in roadway floor, anchor pole end or boring, sonic sensor 1 is installed, is made sonic sensor 1 and coal and rock carry out good coupling;
D. each sonic sensor 1 is connected with data collecting instrument B with conversion of signals, conversion of signals is connected by optical fiber, switch, ground communications interface 14 and ground monitoring analytic centre 15 with data collecting instrument B; In ground monitoring central station software, set the position and the sonic propagation parameter of each sensor; Explosion-proof electrical source 13 is connected with explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, and opens the power switch of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument is started working;
E. coal and rock is subjected to mining influence or stress to produce crack and sound wave activity down, and after being received by the sonic sensor 1 of focus periphery, acoustic signals is by explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument high speed acquisition, storage, and the statistics of demonstration acoustic signals; The sonic data real-time Transmission is given the ground monitoring central station 15 storages simultaneously;
F. ground monitoring central station 15 is by software first to constantly carrying out the acoustic signals source location according to each passage waveform, automatically calculate energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration of sound wave life event, and the event number in the statistical unit time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number; The acoustic signal source of location is the position of mining-induced fissure, the size of the mining-induced fissure of the energy size expression equivalence of sound wave life event; Sound wave activity in the monitoring range should have not that four in same plane and above sonic sensor 1 can receive at least, otherwise should add sonic sensor or optimize the sensor installation site, till meeting the demands; When can not meeting the demands, monitoring accuracy should optimize the installation site of determining sonic sensor again;
G. in plane, section or the stereographic map of terminal computer, show and indicate the position and the size of mining-induced fissure automatically, the energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration that on terminal computer, show the sound wave life event with the form of scheming or tabulating, and distribution spatially and over time, and the event number of sound wave activity in the unit of display time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number;
G. ground monitoring central station 15 calculates incident energy, intensity, event number, ring number, predominant frequency and signal duration automatically by software first to constantly carrying out the acoustic signals source location according to each passage waveform;
H. Ding Wei acoustic wave source is the position of mining-induced fissure, its energy size is represented the size in crack in proportion, in plane, section or the stereographic map of terminal computer, automatically show and indicate, form query display energy, intensity, event number, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration that on terminal computer, can scheme or show of distribution and over time spatially;
J. when three and above activity in certain range scale or crack on a near linear and when being communicated with, think that it is a big crack that these cracks have connected; The sound wave activity is more in the less range scale in a certain regulation, when reaching corresponding setting boundary, shows that the crack connects in this regional extent; When a certain monitoring range and superincumbent stratum thereof no longer produce the movable or new crack of new sound wave, show that this regional extent macroscopic view crack is saturated;
K. the abundant regional top in sound wave activity or crack is the whole hole of the boring rational position of efficient pumping and mining pressure relief mash gas; The goaf top plate crack from roof from bottom to top, the outwards development gradually from goaf tendency central area, and when adopting before the trend follow-up in time, show that this goaf top plate inbreak is good; When the scope of workplace rear more than 20 meters when no tangible sound wave is movable after propelling, show that this goaf top plate inbreak is bad.
By continuous monitoring and analysis, just can reflect the generation of mining-induced fissure or vibrations and distribution and in time with the Changing Pattern of locus, this presses observation, overlying strata activity, goaf top plate inbreak, dynamic disaster to forecast for the ore deposit and gas pumping etc. provides basic basis.
The present invention can realize mining-induced fissure develop with distribution continuous monitoring, real time data acquisition, data long-distance transmissions, data storage automatically, data analysis, reflect in real time mining-induced fissure produce, distribute and with adopt, functions such as the evolution rule in time and space, Sefe antiexplosion.Also can be applicable to coal rock dynamic disaster monitoring and predictions such as the outstanding and gushing water of rock burst (rock burst), coal and gas.
The key technical indexes of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument:
1) sonic sensor the key technical indexes
Calibrate AE sensor bandwidth: 1kHz～15kHz;
Microseismic activity sensor bandwidth: 0.5Hz～1kHz;
2) conversion of signals and data collecting instrument the key technical indexes
(1) port number: 4,8 or 16 passages;
(2) input data pattern: 4～20mA ,-5～5V, 1～5V or 200-3000Hz signal, optional;
(3) mode signal output: RS485, CAN bus or optical fiber;
(4) type of protection [of an electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres: essential safe type.
Ground monitoring analytic centre the key technical indexes:
(1) can connect substation or explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument number: 1～16, can gather 1～256 circuit-switched data when 16 passage sound wave monitoring instrument are installed;
(2) input data pattern-5～5V or-the 10-10V signal, optional.
Claims (4)
1. a mine mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring device, comprise a plurality of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument (A), give explosion-proof electrical source (13), ground communications interface (14) and the ground monitoring analytic centre (C) of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument (A) power supply, it is characterized in that: described explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument (A) comprises a plurality of sonic sensors (1) and conversion of signals and data collecting instrument (B); Described conversion of signals and data collecting instrument (B) comprise a plurality of input interfaces (2), signaling conversion circuit (3), the A/D change-over circuit (5) that is connected with the output terminal of signaling conversion circuit (3), the CPU processor (6) that is connected with A/D change-over circuit (5), are connected with clock circuit (7), data-carrier store (8), program storage (9), display (10), RS485 interface (11) and optical fiber interface (12) on CPU processor (6) respectively; Described a plurality of sonic sensor (1) is connected with corresponding each input interface (2) of data collecting instrument (B) with conversion of signals respectively; Described ground monitoring analytic centre (C) comprises ground monitoring central station (15) that links to each other with ground communications interface (14) and the terminal computer (16) that links to each other with ground monitoring central station (15); Conversion of signals is connected with ground communications interface (14) by optical fiber, switch with the optical fiber interface (12) of data collecting instrument (B).
2. mining-induced fissure according to claim 1 develops and the distribution monitoring device, and it is characterized in that: described sonic sensor (1) is at least 4.
3. mine according to claim 1 and 2 mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring device, and it is characterized in that: described sonic sensor (1) is calibrate AE sensor or microseismic activity sensor.
4. a mine mining-induced fissure develops and the distribution monitoring method, it is characterized in that using the described mine of claim 1 mining-induced fissure to develop and the distribution monitoring device, comprises the steps:
A. determine monitored area in the mine scope according to on-the-spot actual needs, the installation site of sonic sensor (1) is determined in the digging space in the monitored area;
B. according to monitoring distance and the selected sonic sensor of precision:
When sonic sensor (1) position is installed from sound source such as back production, driving, roof movement or vibroseis distance＜300m and monitoring accuracy requirement＜5m, select calibrate AE sensor for use;
When peace sonic sensor (1) position during, select the microseismic activity sensor for use from sound source such as back production, driving, roof movement or vibroseis distance 〉=300m;
C. in roadway floor, anchor pole end or boring, sonic sensor (1) is installed, sonic sensor (1) and coal and rock are coupled;
D. each sonic sensor (1) is connected with data collecting instrument (B) with conversion of signals, conversion of signals is connected by optical fiber, switch, ground communications interface (14) and ground monitoring analytic centre (15) with data collecting instrument (B); In ground monitoring central station software, set the position and the sonic propagation parameter of each sensor; Explosion-proof electrical source (13) is connected with explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, and opens the power switch of explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument, explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument is started working;
E. coal and rock is subjected to mining influence or stress to produce crack and sound wave activity down, and after being received by the sonic sensor of focus periphery (1), acoustic signals is by explosion-proof sound wave monitoring instrument high speed acquisition, storage, and the statistics of demonstration acoustic signals; Give ground monitoring central station (15) with the sonic data real-time Transmission simultaneously;
F. ground monitoring central station (15) is by software first to constantly carrying out the acoustic signals source location according to each passage waveform, automatically calculate energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration of sound wave life event, and the event number in the statistical unit time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number; The acoustic signal source of location is the position of mining-induced fissure, the size of the mining-induced fissure of the energy size expression equivalence of sound wave life event;
G. in plane, section or the stereographic map of terminal computer, show and indicate the position and the size of mining-induced fissure automatically, the energy, intensity, ring number, predominant frequency and the signal duration that on terminal computer, show the sound wave life event with the form of scheming or tabulating, and distribution spatially and over time, and the event number of sound wave activity in the unit of display time, gross energy, mean intensity and total ring number.
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