CN109779635A - A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method - Google Patents
A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109779635A CN109779635A CN201910105931.0A CN201910105931A CN109779635A CN 109779635 A CN109779635 A CN 109779635A CN 201910105931 A CN201910105931 A CN 201910105931A CN 109779635 A CN109779635 A CN 109779635A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003325 tomography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method, deep tunnel two opposite driving face digging process are continuously monitored by microseismic sensors, real-time detection front of tunnel heading tomography situation, when there are when multiple tomographies for two sides front of tunnel heading, according to the Rock Nature between each tomography and face, the sequence of excavation of tunnel two sides face is determined, so as to be effectively reduced the rock burst hazard caused when tunnel tunnel face passes through tomography, it is ensured that safety for tunnel engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to constructing tunnel fields, apply more particularly, to the tunnel safety for reducing constructing tunnel process rockburst risk
Work excavation method.
Background technique
In tunnels and underground engineering, the country rock being made of hard brittle rock mass gathers very high under large ground pressure
Elastic strain energy.In digging process, due to excavating the free face occurred, radial stress reduction, tangential stress is caused to be increased
Stress differentiation keeps the elastic strain energy being stored in rock mass unexpected when the stress of concentration is more than the breakdown strength of rock mass
Release, and with the surrounding rock failure phenomenon loosen, peel off, launching even throwing that bursts, referred to as rock burst.
Rock burst is different from the plastic failure of country rock large deformation, is that a kind of nonlinear kinetics that adjoint energy fiercely discharges is existing
As.The rock of slight rock burst peels off in the form of sheets, and strong rock burst can fiercely dish out megalith or even a rock burst can dish out number
Sillar and sliver in terms of ton.The Rock-burst occurred in construction not only delays construction speed, but also the life to construction personnel
Life safety and the property safety of construction instrument cause tremendous influence.
The engineering characteristics of tomography be mainly shown as rock mass it is loose it is broken, overall stability is poor, bearing capacity is low and anti-knock properties
It is weak etc..In general in fault zone, regional structure stress has a higher magnitude, while in tunnel excavation close to shear-zone
When, near Faults sheet is added on tunnel surrounding after making the stress release of near Faults as extending stress band, to make to break
Rock burst near layer is frequently, seriously.
In order to reduce the rockburst risk that deep tunnel passes through fault region, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ground power in the prior art
The patent of invention for learning research institute CN201410017042.6, which is proposed, determines rock rupture by the microseismic sensors at tunnel rear
Position determines the continuous face excavated of opposite driving tunnel relay according to fault parameter and stops excavating so that it is determined that fault parameter
Face, so that it is guaranteed that construction safety, accelerates construction progress.However, for deep-lying long tunnels, it is longer to pass through region, can
There can be multiple tomographies, it, can not be true by the prior art if the face of two sides tunneling direction is all located at the lower wall of tomography
The direction of fixed construction driving.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tunnel safety construction and excavation method for reducing constructing tunnel process rockburst risk, more existing
Also it can determine the construction direction in tunnel when a tomography.
As one aspect of the present invention, a kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method is provided, includes the following steps: one
Kind tunnel Engineering safe excavation method, includes the following steps: that (1) is respectively set at the face rear that tunnel tunnels in opposite directions
4 microseismic sensors；(2) coordinate of each microseismic sensors is determined；(3) pass through the signal identification rock rupture of microseismic sensors
Position；(4) according to rock rupture position judge two sides front of tunnel heading with the presence or absence of different tomographies, when two sides front of tunnel heading only
There are (11) are entered step when single tomography, when two sides front of tunnel heading is there are when different tomographies, carry out following steps: (5) are sentenced
The disconnected tomography that disk thereon is in the presence or absence of tunneling direction face, exists, enters step (6), there is no then enter step
(7)；(6) continue the driving that the tomography corresponds to face, until passing through the tomography, return step (4)；(7) stop distance tomography
The driving for the side face being closer continues the driving apart from tomography apart from farther away side face, until two sides are slapped
Sub- identity distance is equidistant from its tomography；(8) microseismic sensors are added respectively after the face of two sides, determine that microseism senses
Device coordinate travels to sensor by the signal identification of 5 microseismic sensors and record rock rupture position and microseism wave
Speed；(9) it determines the signal for corresponding to the rock rupture position of near Faults in microwave remote sensor signal from face, determines
The microseism wave that the position generates travels to the speed of the sensor in the corresponding face Zhan Zi；(10) compare microseism wave and travel to two sides driving
The speed of the microwave remote sensor in direction, wherein the low tunneling direction of speed unidirectionally tunnels for selection, and passes through its corresponding tomography,
Return step (4)；(11) driving for stopping lower wall face, the driving for continuing upper disk face are slapped until passing through tomography and lower wall
Sub- face perforation.
Further, in the step (1), 4 microseismic sensors are respectively arranged at two sections, and section distance is
25~30m。
Further, in the step (1), according to tunnel piercing progress, the position of microseismic sensors is set, makes first to break
Identity distance is 25 ~ 30m with a distance from face.
Further, in the step (4), determining whether there is front of tunnel heading according to the rock rupture position of record is
It is no to concentrate the linear rock rupture points being distributed there are multiple, exist, indicating front of tunnel heading, there are multiple tomographies.
Further, in the step (8), the microseismic sensors added are 25 ~ 30m at a distance from the second section.
Further, in the step (3), according to equation (X-Xi)2+ (Y-Yi)2+ (Z-Zi)2- V(Ti- T)2=0；Wherein
(xi, yi, zi) is 4 sensor coordinates, TiThe time of signal is respectively received for 4 sensors, V is preset microseism velocity of wave
Degree；By the position (xi, yi, zi) of 4 sensors and TiSubstitute into above formula,When determining rock rupture position (X, Y, Z) and rupture
Between T.
Further, in the step (8), according to equation (X-Xi)2+ (Y-Yi)2+ (Z-Zi)2- V(Ti- T)2=0；Wherein
(xi, yi, zi) is 5 sensor coordinates, TiThe time of signal is respectively received for 5 sensors；By the position of 5 sensors
(xi, yi, zi) and TiSubstitute into above formula,It determines rock rupture position (X, Y, Z), rupture time T and microseism wave travel to sensing
The speed V of device.
In the further step (9), according to the rock rupture position of record, selected respectively apart from each tomography distance
N microseism wave source within 10m determines that the corresponding microseism wave of each microseism wave source travels to the speed V1 of corresponding side senseri
And V2i；Calculate the average value Σ V1 that the corresponding microseism wave of each microseism wave source travels to the speed of corresponding side senseri/ n with
And Σ V2i/n。
Further, in the step (10), compare Σ V1i/ n and Σ V2iThe size of/n, wherein speed is low for selection
Tunneling direction unidirectionally tunnels, and passes through corresponding tomography.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the tunnel Engineering safe excavation method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
The tunnel Engineering safe excavation method of the embodiment of the present invention, for deep tunnel two opposite driving areas
Face digging process continuously monitors, and includes the following steps: that (1) is respectively set 4 at the face rear that tunnel tunnels in opposite directions
Microseismic sensors；(2) coordinate of each microseismic sensors is determined；(3) pass through the signal identification rock rupture position of microseismic sensors
It sets；(4) two sides front of tunnel heading is judged with the presence or absence of different tomographies, when two sides front of tunnel heading is only deposited according to rock rupture position
(11) are entered step in single tomography, when there are when different tomographies, carry out following steps: (5) judgement for two sides front of tunnel heading
It is in the tomography of disk thereon with the presence or absence of tunneling direction face, exists, enters step (6), there is no then enter step (7)；
(6) continue the driving that the tomography corresponds to face, until passing through the tomography, return step (4)；(7) stop distance tomography distance
The driving of closer side face continues the driving apart from the farther away side face of tomography, until two sides face distance
Its tomography is equidistant；(8) microseismic sensors are added respectively after the face of two sides, determine microseismic sensors coordinate,
The speed of sensor is traveled to by the signal identification of 5 microseismic sensors and record rock rupture position and microseism wave；
(9) it determines the signal for corresponding to the rock rupture position of near Faults in microwave remote sensor signal from face, determines the position
The microseism wave of generation travels to the speed of the sensor in the corresponding face Zhan Zi；(10) compare microseism wave and travel to two sides tunneling direction
The speed of microwave remote sensor, wherein the low tunneling direction of speed unidirectionally tunnels for selection, and passes through its corresponding tomography, returns to step
Suddenly (4)；(11) stop the driving of lower wall face, the driving for continuing upper disk face is passed through until passing through tomography with lower wall face
It is logical.
In step (1), 4 microseismic sensors are respectively arranged at first section and the second section at face rear, each
Two microseismic sensors are arranged in section, are respectively arranged at side and the vault of section, the distance between two sections can be set
For 25 ~ 30m, wherein can be set to 25 ~ 30m at a distance from face apart from the closer sensor of face.Microseismic sensors
Single-axis acceleration sensors can be used, be set in the drilling of infield.
In step (2), as face is pushed ahead, sensor keeps certain also with moving forward forward, and with face
Distance, the coordinate (X of each microseismic sensors is determined by total stationi, Yi, Zi)。
In step (3), the signal of 4 sensors is acquired by data collection system, is known according to the signal of microseismic sensors
Other rock rupture position, wherein according to equation (X-Xi)2+ (Y-Yi)2+ (Z-Zi)2- V(Ti- T)2=0；Wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 4
A sensor coordinates, TiThe time of signal is respectively received for 4 sensors, V is preset microseism wave velocity；4 are sensed
The position (xi, yi, zi) of device and TiSubstitute into above formula,Determine rock rupture position (X, Y, Z) and rupture time T.Wherein preset
Microseism wave velocity can by fixed point blasting experiment predefine.
In step (4), front of tunnel heading is determined whether there is with the presence or absence of multiple collection according to the rock rupture position of record
The rock rupture point of middle linear distribution, exists, indicating front of tunnel heading, there are multiple tomographies to enter step (5), when two sides area
There is only (11) are entered step when single tomography for side in front.
In step (5), each rock rupture point for concentrating linear distribution is fitted by least square line respectively, according to
The trend of fitting a straight line judges whether there is the tomography that tunneling direction face is in disk thereon, exists, enter step (6),
There is no then enter step (7).
In step (6), for the face of tunneling direction hanging wall, continue the driving of the face, until passing through this
Tomography, return step (4).
In step (7), when being all located at footwall for two sides tunneling direction, side that stop distance tomography is closer
The driving of face continues the driving apart from tomography apart from farther away side face, until two sides face is apart from its tomography
Be equidistant.
In step (8), a microseismic sensors are added respectively after the face of two sides, the microseismic sensors added are set to
It is 25 ~ 30m at a distance from the rear of second section, with the second section.The microseismic sensors coordinate added is determined by total station.It is logical
The signal identification and record rock rupture position and microseism wave for crossing 5 microseismic sensors travel to the speed of sensor.Tool
Body, according to equation (X-Xi)2+ (Y-Yi)2+ (Z-Zi)2- V(Ti- T)2=0；Wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 5 sensor coordinates,
TiThe time of signal is respectively received for 5 sensors；By the position (xi, yi, zi) of 5 sensors and TiAbove formula is substituted into, really
Determine rock rupture position (X, Y, Z), rupture time T and microseism wave travel to the speed V of sensor.
In step (9), determines in microwave remote sensor signal and correspond to the rock rupture position of near Faults from face
Signal determines that the microseism wave of position generation travels to the speed of the sensor in the corresponding face Zhan Zi.According to the rock rupture of record
Position selects the n microseism wave source within each tomography distance 10m respectively, determines the corresponding microseism wave of each microseism wave source
Travel to the speed V1 of corresponding side senseriAnd V2i；It calculates the corresponding microseism wave of each microseism wave source and travels to respective side biography
The average value Σ V1 of the speed of sensori/ n and Σ V2i/n.Its reacted each tomography to respective side face rock mass property.
Microseism velocity of wave propagation height indicates that the region elasticity modulus is big, and for high resiliency rock, there is good energy storage condition, occur
A possibility that rock burst, is big.Therefore, in step (10), compare Σ V1i/ n and Σ V2iThe size of/n selects the wherein low pick of speed
It is unidirectionally tunneled into direction, and passes through corresponding tomography.
In step (11), there is only single tomographies for two sides front of tunnel heading, stop the driving of the lower wall face of the tomography,
The driving for continuing upper disk face is penetrated through until passing through tomography and lower wall face.
All references mentioned in the present invention all incorporated by reference in this application, are individually recited just as each document
As with reference to such.In addition, it should also be understood that, protection scope of the present invention is not after having read above disclosure of the invention
It is limited only to above-described embodiment, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present invention, is not departing from the present invention
Under the premise of principle, these equivalent forms also fall within the scope of the appended claims of the present application.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method includes the following steps: the face rear that (1) is tunneled in opposite directions in tunnel
4 microseismic sensors are respectively set；(2) coordinate of each microseismic sensors is determined；(3) pass through the signal identification of microseismic sensors
Rock rupture position；(4) two sides front of tunnel heading is judged with the presence or absence of different tomographies, when two sides area according to the rock position
Side is there is only entering step (11) in front when single tomography, when two sides front of tunnel heading is there are when different tomographies, is walked as follows
Rapid: (5) judge whether there is the tomography that tunneling direction face is in disk thereon, exist, enter step (6), there is no then into
Enter step (7)；(6) continue the driving that the tomography corresponds to face, until passing through the tomography, return step (4)；(7) stop away from
The driving for the side face that detachment layer is closer continues the driving apart from tomography apart from farther away side face, until
Two sides face is equidistant apart from its tomography；(8) microseismic sensors are added respectively after the face of two sides, are determined micro-
Sensor coordinates are shaken, are traveled to by the signal identification of 5 microseismic sensors and record rock rupture position and microseism wave
The speed of sensor；(9) letter for corresponding to the rock rupture position of near Faults in microwave remote sensor signal from face is determined
Number, determine that the microseism wave of position generation travels to the speed of the sensor of corresponding face；(10) compare microseism wave to travel to
The speed of the microwave remote sensor of two sides tunneling direction, wherein the low tunneling direction of speed unidirectionally tunnels for selection, and it is right to pass through its
The tomography answered, return step (4)；(11) stop the driving of lower wall face, the driving for continuing upper disk face is disconnected until passing through
Layer is penetrated through with lower wall face.
2. tunnel construction excavation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step (4), according to note
The rock rupture position of record determines whether there is front of tunnel heading with the presence or absence of multiple rock rupture points for concentrating linear distribution, deposits
Then indicating front of tunnel heading, there are multiple tomographies.
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