CN111460666A - Rock burst danger prediction method for typical rock burst mine - Google Patents
Rock burst danger prediction method for typical rock burst mine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock burst danger prediction method of a typical rock burst mine, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine; (2) determining the energy characteristics of a coal rock power system; (3) calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal rock power system; (4) calculating the energy released by the coal rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine by combining the results obtained in the step three; (5) and predicting the rock burst danger of a typical rock burst mine through the critical depth. And (3) reflecting the energy characteristics by using the energy density in the step (2). The method can quantitatively judge the critical depth of the rock burst, so that the rock burst danger of a typical rock burst mine can be accurately predicted, accuracy verification is obtained by comparison with actual monitoring, and a basis can be provided for effective prevention and control of the coal mine rock burst.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a rock burst danger prediction method for a typical rock burst mine.
Background
Rock burst is a serious and destructive mine dynamic disaster, and great threat is formed to the production safety of coal mines and the life safety of personnel. The coal mine with the rock burst is a rock burst mine, for example, the rock burst begins to occur after the mine reaches a certain mining depth, the depth is called the critical depth of the rock burst mine, and when the mining depth reaches the depth, the rock burst risks to occur when the mine continues to mine. The critical depth values vary from geological condition to geological condition, with the general trend that the risk of rock burst increases with increasing mining depth. For different rock burst mines, the quantitative judgment of the critical depth of the rock burst is particularly important for predicting the risk of the rock burst, and effective prevention and control can be performed. However, there is no consensus on the concept and critical depth of deep mines, which brings inconvenience to the discussion of geological disasters encountered in deep mining of mines, and the research results in depth intervals are many at present, and there is little quantitative research on critical depth of typical rock burst mines, so that there is no quantitative judgment on the prediction of rock burst risk of typical rock burst mines.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the rock burst danger prediction method for the typical rock burst mine, so that the critical depth of the rock burst can be quantitatively judged, and the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine can be accurately predicted.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rock burst danger prediction method for a typical rock burst mine comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine;
step two: determining the energy characteristics of a coal rock power system;
step three: calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal rock power system;
step four: calculating the energy released by the coal rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine by combining the results obtained in the step three;
step five: and predicting the rock burst danger of a typical rock burst mine through the critical depth.
The method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing the geological dynamic environment system of the mine in the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a geomechanical environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors of structural concave landform conditions, broken block structural vertical motion conditions, broken block structural horizontal motion conditions, broken structure influence ranges, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, overlying hard rock stratum conditions and local and adjacent region rock burst criterion conditions of a target mine;
(2) evaluating index values a of the geomechanical environment evaluation index systemiDividing the evaluation index into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the mine geological dynamic environment one by one, and evaluating the evaluation index a without influence on the mine geological dynamic environmentiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 0 and the degree of influence is weak, aiEvaluation index of (1) at moderate influence aiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 2 and the influence is strong aiHas an evaluation index of 3; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
① pit field construction concave landform characteristics:
wherein C-texture valley contrast;
△ h-difference between highest and lowest elevation of the formation pit, km;
△ l-width of the formation pit, km;
A. b-weight coefficient; mountain landform: a is 0.25, B is 0.75, hilly topography: a is 0.5, B is 0.5, plain morphology: a is 0.75, B is 0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a1 Is 3; when C is 0.5. ltoreq.C 0.75, the evaluation index a1 Is 2; when C is 0.25. ltoreq.C < 0.5, the evaluation index a1Is 1; when C is less than 0.25, the index a is evaluated1Is 0;
② broken block configuration vertical motion condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V1When vertical movement velocity V1When the average particle size is more than or equal to 8mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 3; when vertical movement velocity V1Index a > 5mm/yr2Is 2; when vertical movement velocity V1When < -3mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 1; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr and is less than or equal to V1At 5mm/yr or less, the evaluation index a2Is 0;
③ broken block structure horizontal movement condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V2When the horizontal movement velocity V2Evaluation index a > 10mm/yr3Is 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2At 10mm/yr or less, the evaluation index a3Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2Index a < 5mm/yr3Is 1; when vertical movement velocity V2Index a < 2mm/yr3Is 0;
④ fracture structure influence Range Condition
b＝±(K·10h)
In the formula: b, the width of a fracture structure influence range is km, when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, b takes a positive value, and when the fracture influence range boundary spans into the well field boundary, b takes a negative value;
k-activity coefficient (K ═ 1, 2, 3), K ═ 3 when fracture activity is strong, K ═ 2 when fracture activity is moderate, and K ═ 1 when fracture activity is weak;
h-vertical drop at break, m;
when b is less than or equal to 0.5, the evaluation index a4Is 3, when b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a4 Is 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the evaluation index a4Is 1, when b > 5, the evaluation index a4Is 0;
⑤ structural stress condition
Tectonic stress to rock burstThe risk evaluation index is represented by stress concentration coefficient K, and when K > 2, evaluation index a5Is 3, and when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a5Is 2, when K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the evaluation index a5Is 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a5Is 0;
⑥ mining depth conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a6Is 3, when h is more than 600m and less than or equal to 800m, the evaluation index a6 Is 2, when h is more than 400m and less than or equal to 600m, the evaluation index a61, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a6Is 0;
⑦ hard overburden conditions
The distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is d, and when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is less than or equal to 20m, the evaluation index a7 Is 3; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, the evaluation index a7 Is 2; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 1; when the distance d between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 0;
⑧ evaluation of criterion of local and adjacent regions
The rock burst occurrence frequency of the same coal seam in the local area and the adjacent area is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the evaluation index a8Is 3, when n is 2. ltoreq. n < 3, the evaluation index a8 Is 2, when n is 1, the index a is evaluated8Is 1, when n is 0, the index a is evaluated8Is 0;
(3) evaluating each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2)iAdding to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Carrying out normalization processing on the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value
(5) Dividing the types of the target mines according to the target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value N in the step (4), specifically: when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining the target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with weak rock burst; and when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, defining the target mine as a non-rock-burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with non-rock-burst.
The data and parameters in the first step comprise stress concentration coefficients, release energy of the coal rock power system monitored by the micro-seismic monitoring system, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, volume weight of the coal rock mass, buried depth of the coal rock mass, tensile strength and compressive strength.
And in the second step, energy characteristics are reflected by using the energy density of the coal rock power system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) energy characteristics of coal rock power system under dead weight stress field
In the formula: eZIs the energy density of a coal rock power system under a self-weight stress field, J/m3Mu is Poisson's ratio; e is the elastic modulus, Pa; gamma is the volume weight of coal and rock mass, N/m3(ii) a H is the buried depth of the coal rock mass, m;
(2) energy characterization of coal rock power systems under tectonic stress fields
In the formula: eGTo construct the energy density of a coal rock power system under a stress field, J/m3(ii) a Mu is Poisson's ratio; e is the elastic modulus, Pa; gamma is the volume weight of coal and rock mass, N/m3(ii) a H is the buried depth of the coal rock mass, m; k is a radical of1、k2、k3Is the stress concentration factor.
The energy of the coal rock power system in the third step is respectively as follows:
(1) energy of coal rock power system under condition of self-weight stress field
(2) Energy of coal rock power system under construction stress field condition
The energy released by the coal rock power system in the fourth step is as follows:
in the formula: v. of0The average initial velocity of the thrown coal rock mass is m/s; rho is the average density of the coal rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m3；σcThe uniaxial compressive strength of the coal body is MPa;
and (5) deducing the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the calculation result of the step three as follows:
and predicting the risk of rock burst according to the critical depth, and when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, continuing mining to ensure that the rock burst is dangerous.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the rock burst mine has different inducing reasons, different impact display forms and degrees and different danger, and if the rock burst mine is defined as the rock burst mine in a general and indifferent way, the rock burst mine brings more difficulty to prevention and management work. The rock burst mine is divided into a typical rock burst mine and an atypical rock burst mine, the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine is calculated quantitatively, the risk of the rock burst is predicted accurately, and effective prevention and control of the coal mine rock burst are achieved. The invention establishes a coal rock power system model by collecting target mine data and testing physical and mechanical parameters, judges a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine, analyzes the energy characteristics of a coal rock power system under a dead weight stress field and a structural stress field respectively aiming at the typical rock burst mine, determines corresponding calculation methods respectively, calculates the energy of the coal rock power system, deduces and calculates the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine on the basis, determines the relation between the energy evolution of the coal rock power system and the power development of the rock burst, and carries out accuracy verification, can quantitatively calculate the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine, thereby accurately predicting the danger of rock burst, namely, when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, the rock burst begins to occur, and the mining should be stopped or effective prevention and control measures are taken, the invention can provide a basis for effective prevention and control of coal mine rock burst.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rock burst hazard prediction method for a typical rock burst mine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coal rock power system and rock burst expression relationship model in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a coal rock power system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an energy source of the coal petrography power system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a line graph of a calculation result of critical depth of rock burst of a fully mechanized caving face of a mine A01 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1 power nucleus area, 2 damage area, 3 damage area and 4 influence area.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions and effects of the present invention will be described in detail by the following embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for predicting the rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine specifically includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine; the coal rock power system is formed by providing energy for rock burst and the affected coal rock, under different geological power environments and mining conditions, the forms of the energy accumulation and energy release of the coal rock are different, and the rock burst has different display characteristics. Under natural geological conditions, the coal rock power system is in a balanced state; under the disturbance of mining activity, the stress of the coal rock mass is increased, energy is accumulated, and when the stress exceeds the strength limit of the coal rock mass, the system structure is unstable, the energy is released, and rock burst can occur. In order to describe the relationship between a coal rock power system and rock burst, a coal rock power system and rock burst display relationship model is constructed, as shown in fig. 2, according to the characteristics of energy accumulation degree, influence range and the like, the coal rock power system can be divided into a power nucleus region, a destruction region, a damage region and an influence region, namely four regions of a power nucleus region 1, a destruction region 2, a damage region 3 and an influence region 4 shown in fig. 2, the energy of the coal rock power system is concentrated in the power nucleus region, the power nucleus region of the coal rock power system is a power source for generating rock burst, and as shown in fig. 3, the three-dimensional model of the coal rock power system is sequentially provided with the power nucleus region 1, the destruction region 2, the damage region 3 and the influence region 4 from the central position to the outside. When rock burst occurs, energy released by a coal-rock power system is provided by a power nuclear area, and the total energy of the coal-rock power system is composed of basic energy and released energy. The radius of the "dynamic nucleus region" is shown by the following formula:
in the formula, R is the radius of a power nuclear area of a coal rock power system, and m; k is a radical of1、k2、k3Is the stress concentration factor. k is a radical of1The ratio of the maximum principal stress to the vertical stress; k is a radical of2Is the ratio of the intermediate stress to the vertical stress; k is a radical of3The ratio of the minimum principal stress to the vertical stress, △ U the coal rock power system monitored by the microseismic monitoring systemJ. Mu is Poisson's ratio; e is the elastic modulus, Pa; gamma is the volume weight of coal and rock mass, N/m3(ii) a H is the buried depth of the coal rock mass, m.
According to a geological dynamic environment evaluation method, rock burst mines can be divided into typical rock burst mines and atypical rock burst mines, and the rock burst is generated as a result of the combined action of the geological dynamic environment and mining disturbance and is also a dynamic process of accumulation and release of energy of a coal and rock power system. When the energy accumulated by the coal rock power system can support the occurrence of rock burst, a mine which can generate the rock burst under the induction of mining activities is a typical rock burst mine; when the energy accumulated by the coal rock power system cannot support the occurrence of rock burst and other engineering conditions are needed for supplementing energy, the mine which is likely to generate rock burst under the induction of mining activities is an atypical rock burst mine.
The method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing the geological dynamic environment evaluation system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a geomechanical environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors of structural concave landform conditions, broken block structural vertical motion conditions, broken block structural horizontal motion conditions, broken structure influence ranges, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, overlying hard rock stratum conditions and local and adjacent region rock burst criterion conditions of a target mine;
(2) evaluating index values a of the geomechanical environment evaluation index systemiDividing the evaluation index into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the mine geological dynamic environment one by one, and evaluating the evaluation index a without influence on the mine geological dynamic environmentiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 0 and the degree of influence is weak, aiEvaluation index of (1) at moderate influence aiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 2 and the influence is strong aiHas an evaluation index of 3; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
① pit field construction concave landform characteristics:
wherein C-texture valley contrast;
△ h-difference between highest and lowest elevation of the formation pit, km;
△ l-width of the formation pit, km;
A. b-weight coefficient; mountain landform: a is 0.25, B is 0.75, hilly topography: a is 0.5, B is 0.5, plain morphology: a is 0.75, B is 0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a1Is 3; when C is 0.5. ltoreq.C 0.75, the evaluation index a1Is 2; when C is 0.25. ltoreq.C < 0.5, the evaluation index a1Is 1; when C is less than 0.25, the index a is evaluated1Is 0;
② broken block configuration vertical motion condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V1When vertical movement velocity V1When the average particle size is more than or equal to 8mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 3; when vertical movement velocity V1Index a > 5mm/yr2Is 2; when vertical movement velocity V1When < -3mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 1; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr and is less than or equal to V1At 5mm/yr or less, the evaluation index a2Is 0;
③ broken block structure horizontal movement condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V2When the horizontal movement velocity V2Evaluation index a > 10mm/yr3Is 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2At 10mm/yr or less, the evaluation index a3Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2Index a < 5mm/yr3Is 1; when vertical movement velocity V2Index a < 2mm/yr3Is 0;
④ fracture structure influence Range Condition
b＝±(K·10h)
In the formula: b, the width of a fracture structure influence range is km, when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, b takes a positive value, and when the fracture influence range boundary spans into the well field boundary, b takes a negative value;
k-activity coefficient (K ═ 1, 2, 3), K ═ 3 when fracture activity is strong, K ═ 2 when fracture activity is moderate, and K ═ 1 when fracture activity is weak;
h-vertical drop at break, m;
when b is less than or equal to 0.5, the evaluation index a4Is 3, when b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a4Is 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the evaluation index a4Is 1, when b > 5, the evaluation index a4Is 0;
⑤ structural stress condition
The evaluation index of the structural stress to the rock burst danger is represented by a stress concentration coefficient K, and when K is more than 2, the evaluation index a5Is 3, and when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a5Is 2, when K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the evaluation index a5Is 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a5Is 0;
⑥ mining depth conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a6Is 3, when h is more than 600m and less than or equal to 800m, the evaluation index a6Is 2, when h is more than 400m and less than or equal to 600m, the evaluation index a61, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a6Is 0;
⑦ hard overburden conditions
The distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is d, and when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is less than or equal to 20m, the evaluation index a7Is 3; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, the evaluation index a7Is 2; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 1; when the distance d between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 0;
⑧ evaluation of criterion of local and adjacent regions
The rock burst occurrence frequency of the same coal seam in the local area and the adjacent area is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the evaluation index a8Is 3, when n is 2. ltoreq. n < 3, the evaluation index a8Is 2, when n is 1, the index a is evaluated8Is 1, when n is 0, the index a is evaluated8Is 0;
(3) evaluating each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2)iAdding to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Carrying out normalization processing on the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value
(5) Dividing the types of the target mines according to the target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value N in the step (4), specifically: when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining the target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with weak rock burst; and when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, defining the target mine as a non-rock-burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with non-rock-burst.
Step two: determining the energy characteristics of a coal rock power system aiming at a typical rock burst mine; in the coal rock power system, energy factors play a control role in the occurrence of rock burst and influence the stability of the whole coal rock power system. The energy of the coal rock power system mainly comes from two aspects: the method comprises the following steps of firstly, natural geological dynamic conditions, mainly structural stress (including dead weight stress); the second is the excavation engineering effect, i.e. the mining stress. The coal rock power system is in the earth construction environment and the modern stress field, has the power condition of energy accumulation, leads the stress superposition and the energy accumulation of the system through the engineering activities such as excavation and the like, when the accumulated energy exceeds the strength limit of the coal rock, the system structure is unstable, and the energy release is more than 104J～106At time J, a mine dynamic disaster such as rock burst occurs, as shown in fig. 4. It can be said that without tectonic movements, without a geomechanical environment in which rock burst occurs, without the formation of a coal-rock power system, without an energetic condition for the occurrence of rock burst.
The total energy of the coal rock power system consists of energy under a self-weight stress field, energy under a structural stress field and energy under a mining stress field, and is specifically represented by the following formula:
U＝UZ+UG+UC(2)
in the formula: u is the total energy of the coal rock power system, J; u shapeZEnergy of a coal rock power system under a self-weight stress field, J; u shapeGConstructing energy of a coal rock power system under a stress field, J; u shapeCIs the coal rock power system energy under the mining stress field, J.
The total energy of the coal rock power system comprises basic energy and released energy, for the convenience of comparative analysis and calculation, the energy characteristics are reflected by using the energy density of the coal rock power system, the energy density of a typical rock burst mine mainly originates from a structural stress field, the energy accumulated by the coal rock power system under the condition of the structural stress field can support the rock burst to occur, and at the moment, the contribution of mining engineering activities and the like to the rock burst to occur only considers the induction action of the rock burst to develop research under the condition of the structural stress field. The stress value obtained by the ground stress measurement comprises the stress under the self-weight stress field, so the energy calculated under the construction stress field condition also comprises the energy of the self-weight stress field, the energy of the coal rock power system under the self-weight stress field is the basic energy, and the energy of the coal rock power system under the construction stress field is defined as the total energy.
The calculation of the energy of the coal rock power system is obtained by integrating the volume of the power nuclear area by the energy density, and the formula (1) shows that the energy released by the coal rock power system is different, and the radius of the power nuclear area is different, so that the volume is different. The unified calculation formula of the energy density of the coal rock power system is shown as the formula (3):
wherein E is the energy density of the coal rock power system, J/m3；σ1、σ3Is the lateral stress, MPa; sigma2Is the dead weight stress, MPa.
(1) Energy characteristics of coal rock power system under dead weight stress field
Under the self-weight stress field, the magnitude of the stress value is related to the buried depth and the volume weight. The energy density under the gravity stress field is expressed by the formula (4) by taking a coal rock body with unit volume as a research object. From the equation (4), under the dead weight stress field, according to the kinich hypothesis, the energy of the coal rock power system only considers the influence of the dead weight stress, the lateral stress is numerically equal to the product of the dead weight stress and the lateral pressure coefficient, and the energy accumulated in the coal rock power system increases with the increase of the mining depth. The energy of the coal rock power system under the condition of the dead weight stress field is defined as the basic energy of the coal rock power system in the research.
In the formula, EZIs the energy density of a coal rock power system under a self-weight stress field, J/m3。
(2) Energy characterization of coal rock power systems under tectonic stress fields
Under the condition of the construction stress field, the energy of the coal rock power system is derived from the construction stress field. Energy accumulated in coal rock mass and three-way stress sigma1、σ2、σ3In this connection, the energy density of the coal-rock mass per unit volume as a study object can be derived from the formula (3) and further from the formulae (5) to (7), as shown in the formula (8). From equation (8), it can be seen that under the condition of the tectonic stress field, the energy accumulated in the coal rock power system increases along with the increase of the tectonic stress.
σ1＝k1γH (5)
σ2＝k2γH (6)
σ3＝k3γH (7)
In the formula, EGFor constructing coal rock power system under stress fieldEnergy density, J/m3。
Step three: calculating total energy and basic energy of coal rock power system
The coal rock power system is divided into 4 areas of a power nuclear area, a damage area and an influence area, and only when the mining engineering activity enters the three areas of the power nuclear area, the damage area and the damage area, the danger of rock burst with different degrees and damage forms can be generated. When the excavation project enters the range of the 'influence area', the power display is mainly expressed in the form of 'coal cannon'; when the excavation project enters the range of a damaged area, the power display is mainly expressed in the forms of extrusion, dumping and the like; when the excavation project enters a 'damage area', the power display is expressed as 'rock burst'; when the excavation project enters the range of a power nuclear area, strong rock burst can be generated. Therefore, for a typical rock burst mine, the energy of the coal-rock power system is obtained by integrating the energy density under each stress field to the volume of a power nuclear area.
(1) Energy of coal rock power system under condition of self-weight stress field
The energy of the coal rock power system under the condition of the dead weight stress field is volume integral of energy density shown in formula (4), and the calculation method is shown in the following formula (10):
the calculation result is shown as a formula (11), and the formula (11) is the basic energy of the coal rock power system under the tectonic stress field:
(2) energy of coal rock power system under construction stress field condition
The energy of the coal rock power system under the condition of the constructed stress field is the volume integral of the energy density shown in the formula (9), and the calculation method is shown in the formula (12):
the calculation result is shown as a formula (13), and the formula (13) is the total energy of the coal rock power system under the condition of the tectonic stress field:
due to the interaction between the construction segments and the differences in the mechanical properties of the rock, high stress zones, stress gradient zones and low stress zones are naturally formed in the field area. In a high stress area, the accumulated elastic energy of the rock mass is greatly improved compared with that of a normal stress area under the action of higher stress, and part of the rock mass reaches the critical point of transition from a stable state to an unstable state, so that tunnel damage is most easily caused; in the stress gradient area, the stress and the deformation modulus are greatly increased, the brittleness of the rock is increased, the failure strength is reduced, a geological structure is easily formed, and the roadway is easily damaged under the action of structural stress; the rock in the low stress area has small change degree of characteristics, is not easy to generate energy accumulation, and has the lowest danger of roadway damage. In general, when the stress concentration coefficient K is greater than 1.2, the corresponding main stress isoline defines a high stress area; when K is less than 0.8, the range defined by the corresponding main stress isoline is a low stress area; the stress gradient zone is generally located between the normal stress zone and the high stress zone. And calculating the system energy in different stress areas by using corresponding stress values and stress concentration coefficients.
Step four: calculating the energy released by the coal rock power system, deducing and calculating the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the results obtained in the third step, and determining the relationship between the energy evolution of the coal rock power system and the rock burst power display: the released energy of the coal rock power system is equal to the difference value of the total energy and the basic energy, and the rock burst development strength is positively correlated with the released energy of the coal rock power system. Research shows that the initial velocity of the broken coal rock mass thrown to the free space is an important index of whether rock burst occurs or not, and when the initial velocity is less than 1m/s, rock burst cannot occur; when the initial velocity is greater than 10m/s, the possibility of occurrence of rock burst is high. When rock burst occurs, the required energy not only needs to meet the energy consumption required by the unit coal rock body for breaking, but also needs to meet the minimum accumulated kinetic energy required by the rock burst of the coal rock body, and when the accumulated elastic energy of the unit coal rock body exceeds the sum of the two, the rock burst can possibly occur. Therefore, when rock burst occurs, the calculation result of the energy density of the energy released by the coal rock power system can be represented by formula (15), and at the moment, the calculation result of the energy released by the coal rock power system can be represented by formula (16):
in the formula, EminWhen rock burst occurs, the energy density of energy released by a coal rock power system is J/m3；v0The average initial velocity of the thrown coal rock mass is m/s; rho is the average density of the coal rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m3；σcThe uniaxial compressive strength of the coal body is MPa. The energy released by the coal rock power system in the event of a rock burst can be represented by the following formula:
in the formula of USIs the energy released by the coal rock power system when rock burst occurs, J.
When the rock burst of a typical rock burst mine starts to occur, the released energy is the difference between the energy of the structural stress field and the basic energy, namely:
UG-UZ＝US＝△U (17)
h values obtained by the belt equations (11), (13) and (16) are defined as HminI.e. the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine:
step five: predicting rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine by critical depth: and predicting the risk of rock burst according to the critical depth, and when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, continuing mining to cause the risk of rock burst, and immediately stopping mining or taking effective prevention and control measures.
The rock burst danger prediction method of the typical rock burst mine is applied to the typical rock burst mine, and the accuracy of the method is verified:
firstly, analyzing and evaluating the geomechanical environment of the well field rock burst from eight factors, namely the structural concave landform characteristics, the broken block structural vertical motion condition, the broken block structural horizontal motion condition, the broken structure influence range condition, the structural stress condition, the mining depth condition, the overlying hard rock layer condition and the evaluation of the criterion of the local area and the adjacent area of a certain mine, constructing a geomechanical environment evaluation system, and judging a typical rock burst mine:
(1) well field structure concave landform characteristics
The contrast strength of the constructed pit of the field was calculated to be 0.62 with an evaluation index of 2, which is at moderate risk.
(2) Vertical motion condition of broken block structure
According to the relative relationship between the geographical position of the mine and the lifting motion inside the North China plate, the mine is located in a Jiliao ascending area, the lifting speed is 3mm/a, the mine is located on lifting broken block belts of the Jiliao ascending area and a lower Liaohe descending area, namely a broken block severe area, two broken blocks move 2.5mm/a relatively, and the vertical motion speed of the mine is 5.5 mm/a. According to the evaluation index of the geological dynamic environment, the mine evaluation index is 2, and belongs to the medium risk degree.
(3) Horizontal motion condition of broken block structure
The fault block of the area where the mine is located is mainly in vertical lifting motion, the horizontal motion rate is 0, the mine is located in a stable region of the horizontal fault block motion according to the evaluation index of the geological dynamic environment, the evaluation index is 0, and no danger exists.
(4) Condition of influence range of fracture structure
According to the observation data of the fracture of the muddy river, the average descending speed of the upper plate of the fracture in 1962-1982 is 1.0mm/a, the seismic magnitude of the historical earthquake is 4 grades, the fracture of the muddy river is judged to be weak activity fracture by comprehensive consideration, and K is 1. The maximum fault fall of the ore F1 is about 1200m, and the influence width is as follows:
b＝K·10h＝1×10×1200＝12000m
the F1 fracture is located in the well field, so the well evaluation index is 3 according to the fracture structure influence range condition, and belongs to the strong risk degree.
(5) Structural stress condition
Combining with the measured data of the local mine ground stress, the mining depth of the mine is over 400m, and the maximum principal stress sigma134.95MPa, perpendicular principal stress σvThe ratio of the maximum horizontal stress to the vertical stress is 1.60 at 21.80MPa, which is between 1.2 and 2, so the mine evaluation index is 2, judged by the formation stress conditions, and belongs to a medium risk level.
(6) Condition of mining depth
The current mining depth of the mine is more than 830m, so the mine evaluation index is 3 according to the mining depth condition, and the mine belongs to the strong danger degree.
(7) Hard overburden conditions
The mine roof rock layers are shale layers with weak lithology, and the distance from the hard rock layer to the coal bed is larger than 100m, so that the mine evaluation index is 0 and no danger exists according to judgment of the conditions of the overlying hard rock layers.
(8) Evaluation of criterion of local area and adjacent area
The two adjacent mines of the mine have rock burst, and the historical occurrence times are more than 5 times, so the mine evaluation index is 3 according to the evaluation results of the criterion of the local area and the adjacent areas, and belongs to the strong danger degree.
In conclusion, the comprehensive evaluation index of the rock burst mine is 0.625 and is greater than 0.5 according to comprehensive index judgment, and the rock burst mine belongs to the range of a typical rock burst mine.
The test results of the physical and mechanical parameters of the coal rock of the typical rock burst mine are shown in table 1, the depth of the seismic source point of 20 rock bursts from 1 month in 2011 to 11 months in 2013 is selected, and the total energy, the basic energy and the release energy of the coal rock power system when each rock burst occurs are calculated and obtained and are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 summary of the results of the measurement of physical and mechanical properties of a coal and rock mass in a coal mine
TABLE 2 calculation results of the released energy of rock power system of rock burst in a certain coal mine
The fully mechanized caving face of the mine A01 is positioned at the level of-830 m, the ground elevation is +89.1m to +95.4m, the underground elevation is-748.2 m to-833.5 m, the strike length of the face is 603m, the inclination length is 163.5m, and the coal thickness is 11.8 m. The working surface generates rock burst and mine earthquake together from 23 days 6 months 2014 to 29 days 1 month 2015 (energy 16)6J or more) for 58 times, the depth of the origin point is-584 m to-874 m, and the average elevation is-804.93 m. K of the working face based on the results of the ground stress measurement1The value is 1.97, k2A value of 1.00, k3The value is 0.79, according to the calculation method shown in the formula (18), the rock burst occurrence critical depth of the working face is elevation-754.54 m, and in 58 groups of data shown in fig. 5, 54 groups of data are below the calculated critical depth, so that the method provided by the invention can accurately predict the rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine.
Claims (7)
1. A rock burst danger prediction method for a typical rock burst mine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine;
step two: determining the energy characteristics of a coal rock power system;
step three: calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal rock power system;
step four: calculating the energy released by the coal rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine by combining the results obtained in the step three;
step five: and predicting the rock burst danger of a typical rock burst mine through the critical depth.
2. The method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing the geological dynamic environment system of the mine in the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a geomechanical environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors of structural concave landform conditions, broken block structural vertical motion conditions, broken block structural horizontal motion conditions, broken structure influence ranges, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, overlying hard rock stratum conditions and local and adjacent region rock burst criterion conditions of a target mine;
(2) evaluating index values a of the geomechanical environment evaluation index systemiDividing the evaluation index into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the mine geological dynamic environment one by one, and evaluating the evaluation index a without influence on the mine geological dynamic environmentiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 0 and the degree of influence is weak, aiEvaluation index of (1) at moderate influence aiWhen the evaluation index of (A) is 2 and the influence is strong aiHas an evaluation index of 3; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
① pit field construction concave landform characteristics:
wherein C-texture valley contrast;
△ h-difference between highest and lowest elevation of the formation pit, km;
△ l-width of the formation pit, km;
A. b-weight coefficient; mountain landform: a is 0.25, B is 0.75, hilly topography: a is 0.5, B is 0.5, plain morphology: a is 0.75, B is 0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a1Is 3; when C is 0.5. ltoreq.C 0.75, the evaluation index a1Is 2; when C is 0.25. ltoreq.C < 0.5, the evaluation index a1Is 1; when C is less than 0.25, the index a is evaluated1Is 0;
② broken block configuration vertical motion condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V1When vertical movement velocity V1When the average particle size is more than or equal to 8mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 3; when vertical movement velocity V1Index a > 5mm/yr2Is 2; when vertical movement velocity V1When < -3mm/yr, the evaluation index a2Is 1; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr and is less than or equal to V1At 5mm/yr or less, the evaluation index a2Is 0;
③ broken block structure horizontal movement condition:
the vertical motion speed of the broken block of the target mine is V2When the horizontal movement velocity V2Evaluation index a > 10mm/yr3Is 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2When the average value is less than or equal to 10mmyr, the evaluation index a3Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr and is less than or equal to V2Index a < 5mm/yr3Is 1; when vertical movement velocity V2Index a < 2mm/yr3Is 0;
④ fracture structure influence Range Condition
b＝±(K·10h)
In the formula: b, the width of a fracture structure influence range is km, when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, b takes a positive value, and when the fracture influence range boundary spans into the well field boundary, b takes a negative value;
k-activity coefficient (K ═ 1, 2, 3), K ═ 3 when fracture activity is strong, K ═ 2 when fracture activity is moderate, and K ═ 1 when fracture activity is weak;
h-vertical drop at break, m;
when b is less than or equal to 0.5, the evaluation index a4Is 3, when b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a4Is 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the evaluation index a4Is 1, when b > 5, the evaluation index a4Is 0;
⑤ structural stress condition
The evaluation index of the structural stress to the rock burst danger is represented by a stress concentration coefficient K, and when K is more than 2, the evaluation index a5Is 3, and when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the evaluation index a5Is 2, when K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the evaluation index a5Is 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a5Is 0;
⑥ mining depth conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a6Is 3, when h is more than 600m and less than or equal to 800m, the evaluation index a6Is 2, when h is more than 400m and less than or equal to 600m, the evaluation index a61, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a6Is 0;
⑦ hard overburden conditions
The distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is d, and when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is less than or equal to 20m, the evaluation index a7Is 3; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, the evaluation index a7Is 2; when the distance between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 1; when the distance d between the covered hard thick rock stratum and the coal bed is more than 100m, the evaluation index a7Is 0;
⑧ evaluation of criterion of local and adjacent regions
The rock burst occurrence frequency of the same coal seam in the local area and the adjacent area is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the evaluation index a8Is 3, when n is 2. ltoreq. n < 3, the evaluation index a8Is 2, when n is 1, the index a is evaluated8Is 1, when n is 0, the index a is evaluated8Is 0;
(3) evaluating each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2)iAdding to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Carrying out normalization processing on the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value
(5) Dividing the types of the target mines according to the target mine geomechanical environment comprehensive evaluation index value N in the step (4), specifically: when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geomechanical environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining the target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with weak rock burst; and when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, defining the target mine as a non-rock-burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological dynamic environment with non-rock-burst.
3. The method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the data and parameters in the first step comprise stress concentration coefficients, release energy of the coal rock power system monitored by the micro-seismic monitoring system, Poisson's ratio, elastic modulus, volume weight of the coal rock mass, buried depth of the coal rock mass, tensile strength and compressive strength.
4. The method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, energy characteristics are reflected by using the energy density of the coal rock power system, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) energy characteristics of coal rock power system under dead weight stress field
In the formula: eZIs the energy density of a coal rock power system under a self-weight stress field, J/m3Mu is Poisson's ratio; e is the elastic modulus, Pa; gamma is the volume weight of coal and rock mass, N/m3(ii) a H is the buried depth of the coal rock mass, m;
(2) energy characterization of coal rock power systems under tectonic stress fields
In the formula: eGTo construct the energy density of a coal rock power system under a stress field, J/m3(ii) a Mu is Poisson's ratio; e is the elastic modulus, Pa; gamma is the volume weight of coal and rock mass, N/m3(ii) a H is the buried depth of the coal rock mass, m; k is a radical of1、k2、k3Is the stress concentration factor.
5. The method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the energy of the coal rock power system in the third step is respectively as follows:
(1) energy of coal rock power system under condition of self-weight stress field
(2) Energy of coal rock power system under construction stress field condition
6. The method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the energy released by the coal rock power system in the fourth step is as follows:
in the formula: v. of0The average initial velocity of the thrown coal rock mass is m/s; ρ isAverage density of coal and rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m3；σcThe uniaxial compressive strength of the coal body is MPa;
and (5) deducing the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the calculation result of the step three as follows:
7. the method for predicting the rock burst danger of the typical rock burst mine according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and predicting the risk of rock burst according to the critical depth, and when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, continuing mining to ensure that the rock burst is dangerous.
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