CN111460666B - Rock burst risk prediction method for typical rock burst mine - Google Patents
Rock burst risk prediction method for typical rock burst mine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine, which comprises the following steps: (1) Collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal-rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine; (2) determining an energy characteristic of the coal-rock power system; (3) calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal-rock power system; (4) Calculating the energy released by the coal-rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the result obtained in the step three; (5) The rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine is predicted by critical depth. The step (2) reflects the energy characteristics by using the energy density. The method can quantitatively judge the critical depth of rock burst, so that the rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine can be accurately predicted, and compared with actual monitoring, the accuracy is verified, and the method can provide a basis for effective prevention and control of the rock burst of a coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal exploitation, and particularly relates to a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine.
Background
Rock burst is a serious and destructive mine dynamic disaster, and forms a great threat to the production safety of coal mines and the life safety of personnel. The mine with the rock burst coal layer is a rock burst mine, for example, the mine starts to generate rock burst after reaching a certain mining depth, the depth is called as critical depth of the rock burst mine, for example, continuous mining can be dangerous for rock burst when the mining depth reaches the depth. The critical depth value varies from geological condition to geological condition, with the general trend of increasing rock burst risk with increasing production depth. For different rock burst mines, the quantitative judgment of the critical depth of rock burst occurrence is particularly important for the dangerous prediction of the rock burst, and effective prevention and control can be performed. However, the concept and critical depth problems of the deep mine are not commonly known at present, which brings inconvenience to discussing the problems of geological disasters and the like encountered by deep mining of the mine, and the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine is quantitatively researched in a large number of research results in a depth interval at present, so that quantitative judgment is lacking in rock burst risk prediction of the typical rock burst mine.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine, so that the critical depth of the occurrence of the rock burst is quantitatively judged, and the rock burst risk of the typical rock burst mine is accurately predicted.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine comprises the following steps:
step one: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal-rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine;
step two: determining energy characteristics of a coal-rock power system;
step three: calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal-rock power system;
step four: calculating the energy released by the coal-rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the result obtained in the step three;
step five: the rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine is predicted by critical depth.
The method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing the geological power environment system of the mine in the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a geological power environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors, namely a structural concave landform condition, a vertical movement condition of a broken block structure, a horizontal movement condition of the broken block structure, an influence range of the broken block structure, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, an overlying hard rock stratum condition, a local zone and an adjacent zone rock burst criterion condition of a target mine;
(2) Each evaluation index value a in the geological dynamic environment evaluation index system i Dividing into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the geological power environment of the mine one by one, and evaluating the index a without influence on the geological power environment of the mine i An evaluation index of 0, a when the influence degree is weak i An evaluation index of 1, a at the time of moderate influence i An evaluation index of 2, a when having a strong influence i An evaluation index of 3; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) well Tian Gouzao concave geomorphic features:
wherein C is the contrast intensity of the structure depression;
Δh—constructing the difference between the highest and lowest elevations of the pit, km;
delta l-width of the structural pit km;
A. b is a weight coefficient; mountain land topography: a=0.25, b=0.75, hilly land: a=0.5, b=0.5, plain land appearance: a=0.75, b=0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a 1 3; when 0.5.ltoreq.C0.75, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 2; when C is more than or equal to 0.25 and less than 0.5, the index a is evaluated 1 1 is shown in the specification; when C < 0.25, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 0;
(2) vertical motion condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 1 When moving verticallyRate V 1 When the ratio is not less than 8mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 3; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 Evaluation index a at > 5mm/yr 2 Is 2; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 When the ratio is < -3mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr is less than or equal to V 1 When the density is less than or equal to 5mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 Is 0;
(3) horizontal movement condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 2 When the horizontal movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a at > 10mm/yr 3 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 When the density is less than or equal to 10mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 3 Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 Evaluation index a when < 5mm/yr 3 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a when < 2mm/yr 3 Is 0;
(4) fracture structure influence range condition
b＝±(K·10h)
Wherein: b-width of the fracture structure influence range, km, b takes a positive value when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, and b takes a negative value when the fracture influence range boundary straddles the inside of the well field boundary;
k-mobility coefficients (k=1, 2, 3), k=3 when the break mobility is strong, k=2 when the break mobility is medium, and k=1 when the break mobility is weak;
h-breaking vertical drop, m;
when b.ltoreq.0.5, the index a is evaluated 4 When b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 4 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the index a is evaluated 4 1, when b > 5, the index a is evaluated 4 Is 0;
(5) structural stress conditions
The structural stress versus rock burst risk evaluation index is represented by a stress concentration coefficient K, and when K is more than 2, the evaluation index a 5 3, when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 5 When K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the index a is evaluated 5 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a 5 Is 0;
(6) depth of extraction conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a 6 3, when 600m < h is less than or equal to 800m, the index a is evaluated 6 2, when 400m < h.ltoreq.600m, the index a is evaluated 6 1, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a 6 Is 0;
(7) overburden hard formation conditions
The distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is less than or equal to 20m, and the index a is evaluated 7 3; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, evaluating the index a 7 Is 2; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, evaluating the index a 7 1 is shown in the specification; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 100m, the index a is evaluated 7 Is 0;
(8) evaluation of local and neighbor criteria
The occurrence frequency of rock burst of the same coal seam in the region and the adjacent region is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the index a is evaluated 8 3, when 2.ltoreq.n < 3, the index a is evaluated 8 2, when n=1, the evaluation index a 8 1, when n=0, the evaluation index a 8 Is 0;
(3) Obtaining each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2) i Adding to obtain comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Normalizing the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index value of the geological dynamic environment of the target mine
(5) Dividing the types of the target mine according to the comprehensive evaluation index value N of the geological power environment of the target mine in the step (4), wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geological power environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geological power environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining a target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological power environment with weak rock burst; when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the target mine is defined as a rock burst-free mine, and the target mine is a geological power environment with the rock burst-free mine.
The data and parameters in the first step comprise stress concentration coefficients, release energy of a coal-rock power system monitored by a microseismic monitoring system, poisson ratio, elastic modulus, volume weight of the coal-rock mass, burial depth of the coal-rock mass, tensile strength and compressive strength.
In the second step, the energy density of the coal-rock power system is used for reflecting the energy characteristics, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field
Wherein: e (E) Z Is the energy density, J/m of a coal-rock power system under a dead weight stress field 3 μ is poisson's ratio; e is elastic modulus, pa; gamma is the volume weight of the coal rock mass, N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the burial depth of the coal rock mass, m;
(2) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under construction stress field
Wherein: e (E) G To construct the energy density, J/m, of a coal-rock power system under a stress field 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the μ is poisson's ratio; e is elastic modulus, pa; gamma is the volume weight of the coal rock mass, N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the burial depth of the coal rock mass, m; k (k) 1 、k 2 、k 3 Is the stress concentration coefficient.
The energy of the coal-rock power system in the third step is respectively as follows:
(1) Energy of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field condition
(2) Construction of energy of coal-rock power system under stress field condition
In the fourth step, the energy released by the coal rock power system is as follows:
wherein: v 0 The average initial speed of throwing out for breaking the coal rock mass is m/s; ρ is the average density of the coal rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m 3 ；σ c The uniaxial compressive strength of the coal body is MPa;
and (3) deriving the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine by combining the calculation result of the step (III) as follows:
the rock burst risk is predicted based on the critical depth, and when the depth of production reaches the critical depth, continued production will risk the rock burst to occur.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: rock burst mines are different in the form and degree of impact manifestations due to different induction reasons, and the risk is different, so that more difficulty is brought to control and management work if the rock burst mines are defined as rock burst mines comprehensively and indiscriminately. Dividing rock burst mines into a typical rock burst mine and an atypical rock burst mine, quantitatively calculating critical depth of the typical rock burst mine, accurately predicting risk of rock burst, and effectively preventing and controlling the rock burst of a coal mine. According to the method, the target mine data are collected, the physical and mechanical parameters are tested, the coal-rock power system model is built, the geological and dynamic environment system of the mine is built to judge the typical rock burst mine, the energy characteristics of the coal-rock power system under the self-weight stress field and the structural stress field are respectively analyzed for the typical rock burst mine, the corresponding calculation methods are respectively determined, the energy of the coal-rock power system is calculated, the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine is deduced and calculated on the basis of the energy characteristics, the relation between the energy evolution of the coal-rock power system and the representation of the rock burst power is determined, accuracy verification is carried out, the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine can be quantitatively calculated, and therefore the occurrence risk of the rock burst can be accurately predicted, namely the rock burst begins to occur when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, mining is stopped or effective prevention and control measures are adopted, and the method can provide basis for effective prevention and control of the rock burst of the coal mine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coal rock power system and rock burst appearance relationship model in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a coal-rock power system in a three-dimensional model according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the energy source of the coal-rock power system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a line graph of the calculated critical depth for rock burst occurrence for a mine A01 fully-mechanized caving face provided by an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, 1 dynamic nuclear zone, 2 damage zone, 3 damage zone, 4 influence zone.
Detailed Description
For better explanation of the present invention, for easy understanding, the technical solution and effects of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine specifically includes the following steps:
step one: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal-rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine; the coal rock power system is formed by providing energy for rock burst and the affected coal rock mass, and the rock burst has different characteristics under different geological power environments and mining conditions because the forms of accumulated energy and released energy of the coal rock mass are different. Under natural geological conditions, the coal-rock power system is in an equilibrium state; under the disturbance of mining activities, the stress of the coal rock mass is increased, energy is accumulated, when the strength limit of the coal rock mass is exceeded, the system structure is instable, the energy is released, and rock burst can occur. In order to describe the relation between the coal-rock power system and rock burst, a coal-rock power system and rock burst showing relation model is constructed, as shown in fig. 2, the coal-rock power system can be divided into a power core area, a damage area and an influence area according to the energy accumulation degree, the influence range and other characteristics, namely, a power core area 1, a damage area 2, a damage area 3 and an influence area 4 shown in fig. 2, the energy of the coal-rock power system is concentrated in the power core area, the power core area of the coal-rock power system is a power source for rock burst, and a coal-rock power system three-dimensional model is sequentially provided with the power core area 1, the damage area 2, the damage area 3 and the influence area 4 from the center position to the outside as shown in fig. 3. When rock burst occurs, the energy released by the coal-rock power system is provided by a power nuclear zone, and the total energy of the coal-rock power system consists of basic energy and released energy. The radius of the "dynamic nucleus region" is shown as follows:
wherein R is the radius of a power nuclear zone of a coal-rock power system, and m; k (k) 1 、k 2 、k 3 Is the stress concentration coefficient. k (k) 1 Is the ratio of the maximum principal stress to the vertical stress; k (k) 2 Is the ratio of the intermediate stress to the vertical stress; k (k) 3 Is the ratio of the minimum principal stress to the vertical stress; deltaU is the released energy, J, of the coal-rock power system monitored by the microseismic monitoring system. μ is poisson's ratio; e is elastic modulus, pa; gamma is the volume weight of the coal rock mass, N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the burial depth of the coal rock mass and m.
According to the geological power environment evaluation method, rock burst mines can be divided into typical rock burst mines and atypical rock burst mines, and rock burst occurs as a result of combined action of geological power environment and mining disturbance and is a dynamic process of accumulation and release of energy of a coal-rock power system. When the energy accumulated by the coal-rock power system can support rock burst, a mine in which the rock burst occurs under the induction of mining activities is a typical rock burst mine; when the energy accumulated by the coal rock power system cannot support rock burst, other engineering conditions are needed to supplement the energy, and the mine where the rock burst is possible under the induction of mining activities is an atypical rock burst mine.
The method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological dynamic environment evaluation system specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a geological power environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors, namely a structural concave landform condition, a vertical movement condition of a broken block structure, a horizontal movement condition of the broken block structure, an influence range of the broken block structure, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, an overlying hard rock stratum condition, a local zone and an adjacent zone rock burst criterion condition of a target mine;
(2) Each evaluation index value a in the geological dynamic environment evaluation index system i Dividing into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the geological power environment of the mine one by one, and evaluating the index a without influence on the geological power environment of the mine i An evaluation index of 0, a when the influence degree is weak i An evaluation index of 1, a at the time of moderate influence i An evaluation index of 2, a when having a strong influence i An evaluation index of 3; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) well Tian Gouzao concave geomorphic features:
wherein C is the contrast intensity of the structure depression;
Δh—constructing the difference between the highest and lowest elevations of the pit, km;
delta l-width of the structural pit km;
A. b is a weight coefficient; mountain land topography: a=0.25, b=0.75, hilly land: a=0.5, b=0.5, plain land appearance: a=0.75, b=0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a 1 3; when 0.5.ltoreq.C0.75, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 2; when C is more than or equal to 0.25 and less than 0.5, the index a is evaluated 1 1 is shown in the specification; when C < 0.25, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 0;
(2) vertical motion condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 1 When the vertical movement rate V 1 When the ratio is not less than 8mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 3; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 Evaluation index a at > 5mm/yr 2 Is 2; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 When the ratio is < -3mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr is less than or equal to V 1 When the density is less than or equal to 5mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 Is 0;
(3) horizontal movement condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 2 When the horizontal movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a at > 10mm/yr 3 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 When the density is less than or equal to 10mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 3 Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 Evaluation index a when < 5mm/yr 3 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a when < 2mm/yr 3 Is 0;
(4) fracture structure influence range condition
b＝±(K·10h)
Wherein: b-width of the fracture structure influence range, km, b takes a positive value when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, and b takes a negative value when the fracture influence range boundary straddles the inside of the well field boundary;
k-mobility coefficients (k=1, 2, 3), k=3 when the break mobility is strong, k=2 when the break mobility is medium, and k=1 when the break mobility is weak;
h-breaking vertical drop, m;
when b.ltoreq.0.5, the index a is evaluated 4 When b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 4 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the index a is evaluated 4 1, when b > 5, the index a is evaluated 4 Is 0;
(5) structural stress conditions
The structural stress versus rock burst risk evaluation index is represented by a stress concentration coefficient K, and when K is more than 2, the evaluation index a 5 3, when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 5 When K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the index a is evaluated 5 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a 5 Is 0;
(6) depth of extraction conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a 6 3, when 600m < h is less than or equal to 800m, the index a is evaluated 6 2, when 400m < h.ltoreq.600m, the index a is evaluated 6 1, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a 6 Is 0;
(7) overburden hard formation conditions
The distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is less than or equal to 20m, and the index a is evaluated 7 3; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, evaluating the index a 7 Is 2; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, evaluating the index a 7 1 is shown in the specification; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 100m, the index a is evaluated 7 Is 0;
(8) evaluation of local and neighbor criteria
The occurrence frequency of rock burst of the same coal seam in the region and the adjacent region is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the index a is evaluated 8 3, when 2.ltoreq.n < 3, the index a is evaluated 8 2, when n=1, the evaluation index a 8 1, when n=0, the evaluation index a 8 Is 0;
(3) Obtaining each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2) i Adding to obtain comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Normalizing the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index value of the geological dynamic environment of the target mine
(5) Dividing the types of the target mine according to the comprehensive evaluation index value N of the geological power environment of the target mine in the step (4), wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geological power environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geological power environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining a target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological power environment with weak rock burst; when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the target mine is defined as a rock burst-free mine, and the target mine is a geological power environment with the rock burst-free mine.
Step two: determining energy characteristics of a coal-rock power system for a typical rock burst mine; in a coal-rock power system, energy factors control the occurrence of rock burst and affect the stability of the overall coal-rock power system. The energy of the coal-rock power system mainly comes from two aspects: firstly, natural geological dynamic conditions, mainly structural stress (including dead weight stress); and secondly, mining engineering effect, namely mining stress. The coal-rock power system is in a ground construction environment and a modern stress field, has power conditions of energy accumulation, enables stress superposition and energy accumulation of the system through engineering activities such as mining, and when the accumulated energy exceeds the strength limit of a coal-rock body, the system structure is unstable, and the energy release is more than 10 4 J～10 6 At J, mine dynamic disasters such as rock burst occur, as shown in fig. 4. It can be said that without the constructive movement, there is no geological power environment in which the rock burst occurs, there is no formation of the coal-rock power system, i.e. there is no energy condition in which the rock burst occurs.
The total energy of the coal-rock power system consists of the energy under the dead weight stress field, the energy under the structural stress field and the energy under the mining stress field, and the specific formula is as follows:
U＝U Z +U G +U C (2)
wherein: u isTotal energy of coal-rock power system, J; u (U) Z The energy J is the energy J of a coal-rock power system under a dead weight stress field; u (U) G To construct the energy J of the coal-rock power system under the stress field; u (U) C And J is the energy of a coal-rock power system under a mining stress field.
The total energy of the coal-rock power system comprises basic energy and released energy, the energy density of the coal-rock power system is used for reflecting the energy characteristics for the convenience of comparison analysis and calculation, the energy density of a typical rock burst mine mainly originates from a construction stress field, the accumulated energy of the coal-rock power system can support the rock burst under the condition of the construction stress field, at the moment, the contribution of mining engineering activities and the like to the rock burst is only considered for inducing the rock burst, and therefore, the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine is studied under the condition of the construction stress field. Since the stress value obtained by the ground stress measurement contains the stress under the self-weight stress field, the energy calculated under the condition of the construction stress field also contains the energy of the self-weight stress field, the energy of the coal rock power system under the self-weight stress field is taken as the basic energy, and the energy of the coal rock power system under the construction stress field is defined as the total energy.
The calculation of the energy of the coal-rock power system is obtained by integrating the volume of the power nuclear zone by the energy density, and the formula (1) shows that the energy released by the coal-rock power system is different, the radius of the power nuclear zone is different, and the volume is further different. The unified calculation formula of the energy density of the coal-rock power system is shown as (3):
wherein E epsilon is the energy density, J/m of the coal-rock power system 3 ；σ 1 、σ 3 Is the lateral stress, MPa; sigma (sigma) 2 Is self-weight stress and MPa.
(1) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field
Under the self-weight stress field, the stress value is related to the burial depth and the volume weight. The energy density expression (4) of the unit volume coal rock mass under the dead weight stress field is shown. As can be seen from equation (4), under the gravity stress field, according to the genie hypothesis, the energy of the coal-rock power system only considers the influence of gravity stress, and the lateral stress is equal in value to the product of gravity stress and the lateral pressure coefficient, and the accumulated energy in the coal-rock power system increases with the increase of the mining depth. The energy of the coal-rock power system under the condition of dead weight stress field is defined as the basic energy of the coal-rock power system in the study.
Wherein E is Z Is the energy density, J/m of a coal-rock power system under a dead weight stress field 3 。
(2) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under construction stress field
Under the condition of the structural stress field, the energy of the coal-rock power system is derived from the structural stress field. Energy accumulated in coal rock mass and three-dimensional stress sigma 1 、σ 2 、σ 3 In relation, the energy density of the unit volume coal rock mass serving as a research object can be derived from the formula (3) and further from the formulas (5) to (7), as shown in the formula (8). As can be seen from equation (8), under the formation stress field conditions, the energy accumulated within the coal-rock power system increases as the formation stress increases.
σ 1 ＝k 1 γH (5)
σ 2 ＝k 2 γH (6)
σ 3 ＝k 3 γH (7)
Wherein E is G To construct the energy density, J/m, of a coal-rock power system under a stress field 3 。
Step three: calculating total energy and basic energy of coal-rock power system
The coal-rock power system is divided into 4 areas of a power core area, a damage area and an influence area, and only when mining engineering activities enter the three areas of the power core area, the damage area and the damage area, the coal-rock power system has the danger of rock burst in different degrees and in different damage forms. When the mining engineering enters the range of an influence area, the power is displayed mainly in the form of a coal cannon; when the mining engineering enters the range of a damaged area, the power is mainly expressed in the forms of extrusion, tilting and the like; when the mining engineering enters the range of a 'damage area', the power appears as 'rock burst'; when the mining project comes within the "dynamic core zone" a "high rock burst" is created. Thus, for a typical rock burst mine, the coal-rock power system energy is obtained by integrating the energy density at each stress field over the volume of the "power core".
(1) Energy of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field condition
The energy of the coal-rock power system under the condition of dead weight stress field is the volume integral of the energy density shown in the formula (4), and the calculation method is shown in the following formula (10):
the calculated result is shown as a formula (11), wherein the formula (11) is the basic energy of the coal-rock power system under the construction stress field:
(2) Construction of energy of coal-rock power system under stress field condition
The energy of the coal-rock power system under the condition of constructing the stress field is the volume integral of the energy density shown in the formula (9), and the calculation method is shown in the formula (12):
the calculation result is shown as a formula (13), and the formula (13) is the total energy of the coal-rock power system under the condition of the construction stress field:
due to interactions between the building blocks and differences in rock mechanics, high stress, stress gradient and low stress regions are naturally formed in the field. In the high stress area, under the action of higher stress, the accumulated elastic energy of the rock mass is greatly improved compared with that of the normal stress area, and partial rock mass reaches the critical transition from steady state to unsteady state, so that the tunnel is most likely to be damaged; in the stress gradient region, the stress and deformation modulus are greatly increased, the brittleness of the rock is increased, the breaking strength is reduced, a geological structure is easy to form, and the roadway is easy to break under the action of structural stress; the rock in the low stress area has small characteristic change degree, is not easy to accumulate energy and has the lowest danger of tunnel damage. In general, when the stress concentration coefficient K is greater than 1.2, the corresponding range of the principal stress equivalent coil is a high stress region; when K is less than 0.8, the corresponding range of the principal stress equivalent coil is a low stress region; the stress gradient region is typically located between the normal stress region and the high stress region. And calculating the system energy in different stress areas by using corresponding stress values and stress concentration coefficients.
Step four: calculating the energy released by the coal-rock power system, deducing and calculating the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the result obtained in the step three, and determining the relation between the energy evolution of the coal-rock power system and the rock burst power manifestation: the energy released by the coal-rock power system is equal to the difference between the total energy and the basic energy, and the rock burst apparent intensity is positively correlated with the energy released by the coal-rock power system. Research shows that the initial speed of throwing the crushed coal rock mass into a free space is an important index of whether rock burst occurs or not, and when the initial speed is less than 1m/s, the rock burst cannot occur; when the initial velocity is more than 10m/s, the possibility of rock burst is high. When rock burst occurs, the required energy is required to meet the energy required to be consumed for crushing the unit coal rock mass and the minimum kinetic energy required to be accumulated for the rock burst of the coal rock mass, and when the elastic energy accumulated by the unit coal rock mass exceeds the sum of the two, the rock burst is likely to occur. Therefore, when rock burst occurs, the calculation result of the energy density of the energy released by the coal-rock power system can be represented by the formula (15), and the calculation result of the energy released by the coal-rock power system can be represented by the formula (16):
wherein E is min In order to release energy density, J/m of energy when rock burst occurs 3 ；v 0 The average initial speed of throwing out for breaking the coal rock mass is m/s; ρ is the average density of the coal rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m 3 ；σ c The single-axis compressive strength of the coal body is MPa. When rock burst occurs, the energy released by the coal-rock power system can be expressed by the following formula:
in U S And J, releasing energy J from a coal rock power system when rock burst occurs.
When rock burst begins to occur in a typical rock burst mine, the released energy is the difference between the energy of a structural stress field and the energy of a foundation, namely:
U G -U Z ＝U S ＝△U (17)
the H value obtained by taking into the formulae (11), (13) and (16) is defined as H min Critical depth of typical rock burst mines:
step five: predicting rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine by critical depth: predicting rock burst risk according to the critical depth, and when the mining depth reaches the critical depth, continuing mining will have the danger of rock burst occurrence, and immediately stopping mining or taking effective prevention and control measures.
The rock burst risk prediction method of the typical rock burst mine is applied to a typical rock burst mine, and the accuracy of the method is verified:
firstly, analyzing and evaluating the geological power environment of the rock burst of a well field from eight factors, namely the structural concave geomorphic characteristic of a certain well, the vertical movement condition of a broken block structure, the horizontal movement condition of a broken block structure, the influence range condition of the broken block structure, the structural stress condition, the mining depth condition, the condition of an overlying hard rock stratum, the evaluation of the criteria of a local area and a neighboring area, constructing a geological power environment evaluation system, and judging a typical rock burst well:
(1) Well Tian Gouzao concave geomorphic features
The contrast intensity of the structural depression of the well field is calculated to be 0.62, and the evaluation index is 2, so that the well field belongs to the medium danger degree.
(2) Vertical movement condition of broken block structure
According to the relative relation between the geographical position of the mine and the lifting movement inside the North China plate, the mine is located in the Jiliao lifting area, the lifting speed is 3mm/a, lifting broken block belts of the Jiliao lifting area and the lower Liaohe descending area are located, namely the broken block relative movement violent area, and the two broken blocks relatively move by 2.5mm/a, so that the vertical movement speed of the mine is 5.5mm/a. According to the geological dynamic environment evaluation index, the mine evaluation index is 2, and the mine is of medium risk degree.
(3) Horizontal movement condition of broken block structure
The broken blocks in the area where the mine is located mainly move vertically, the horizontal movement rate is 0, and according to the evaluation index of the geological dynamic environment, the mine is located in the stable area of the horizontal broken block movement, the evaluation index is 0, and no danger exists.
(4) Fracture structure influence range condition
According to observation data of the fracture of the muddy river, the average descending speed of the upper disc of the fracture in 1962-1982 is 1.0mm/a, the historical earthquake magnitude is 4, and the judgment of the fracture of the muddy river into the weak activity fracture is comprehensively considered, and K=1 is taken. The maximum drop of the mine F1 fault is about 1200m, and the influence width is as follows:
b＝K·10h＝1×10×1200＝12000m
f1 fracture is located in the well field, so that the mine evaluation index is 3 according to the condition of the fracture structure influence range, and the mine evaluation index belongs to the strong risk degree.
(5) Structural stress conditions
The mine exploitation depth is above 400m and the maximum main stress sigma is combined with the local stress actual measurement data 1 Vertical principal stress σ = 34.95MPa v The ratio of maximum horizontal stress to vertical stress is 1.60, between 1.2 and 2, so that the mine evaluation index is 2, which is a moderate risk, according to the structural stress condition.
(6) Depth of extraction conditions
The current mining depth of the mine is larger than 830m, so that the mine evaluation index is 3 according to the mining depth condition, and the mine belongs to the strong danger degree.
(7) Overburden hard formation conditions
The mine roof strata are all lithology weak shale strata, and the distance between the rock strata and the coal seam is larger than 100m, so that the mine evaluation index is 0 according to the condition of overlying hard strata, and the mine roof strata are free of danger.
(8) Evaluation of local and neighbor criteria
The rock burst occurs in two adjacent mines of the mine, and the historical occurrence times are more than 5 times, so that the mine evaluation index is 3 according to the evaluation results of the local area and the adjacent area criteria, and the mine belongs to the strong risk degree.
In summary, the comprehensive evaluation index of the rock burst mine is 0.625 and is more than 0.5 through comprehensive index judgment, and the rock burst mine belongs to the range of a typical rock burst mine.
The results of the physical and mechanical parameter test of the typical rock burst mine coal rock are shown in table 1, the depth of the seismic source point of 20 rock bursts from 1 month in 2011 to 11 months in 2013 is selected, and the total energy, the basic energy and the release energy of the coal rock power system when each rock burst occurs are calculated and obtained in table 2.
TABLE 1 summary of test results of physical and mechanical properties of coal and rock mass of certain coal mine
TABLE 2 calculation of released energy of coal rock power system for rock burst of certain coal mine
The mine A01 fully-mechanized caving face is positioned at the level of-830 m, the ground elevation is +89.1m- +95.4m, the underground elevation is-748.2 m-833.5 m, the running length of the face is 603m, the inclined length is 163.5m, and the coal thickness is 11.8m. The working face co-generates rock burst and ore shock (energy 16) from 2014, 6, 23, and 29, 1 and 2015 6 J) 58 times, the depth of the focus point is-584 m to-874 m, and the average elevation is-804.93 m. Based on the ground stress measurement, k of the working surface 1 Has a value of 1.97, k 2 A value of 1.00, k 3 The value is 0.79, the critical depth of rock burst occurrence of the working surface is the elevation-754.54 m according to the calculation method shown in the formula (18), and as shown in 58 groups of data in fig. 5, 54 groups of data are below the calculated critical depth, so that the method provided by the invention can accurately predict the rock burst risk of a typical rock burst mine.
Claims (3)
1. A rock burst risk prediction method for a typical rock burst mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: collecting target mine data, testing physical and mechanical parameters, establishing a coal-rock power system model, and judging a typical rock burst mine by constructing a geological power environment system of the mine;
step two: determining energy characteristics of a coal-rock power system;
step three: calculating the total energy and the basic energy of the coal-rock power system;
step four: calculating the energy released by the coal-rock power system, and deducing and calculating the critical depth of a typical rock burst mine by combining the result obtained in the step three;
step five: predicting rock burst dangers of a typical rock burst mine through critical depth;
the data and parameters in the first step comprise stress concentration coefficients, release energy of a coal-rock power system monitored by a microseismic monitoring system, poisson ratio, elastic modulus, volume weight of a coal-rock mass, burial depth of the coal-rock mass, tensile strength and compressive strength;
in the second step, the energy density of the coal-rock power system is used for reflecting the energy characteristics, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field
Wherein: e (E) Z Is the energy density, J/m of a coal-rock power system under a dead weight stress field 3 μ is poisson's ratio; e is elastic modulus, pa; gamma is the volume weight of the coal rock mass, N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the burial depth of the coal rock mass, m;
(2) Energy characteristics of coal-rock power system under construction stress field
Wherein: e (E) G To construct the energy density, J/m, of a coal-rock power system under a stress field 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the μ is poisson's ratio; e is elastic modulus, pa; gamma is the volume weight of the coal rock mass, N/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is the burial depth of the coal rock mass, m; k (k) 1 、k 2 、k 3 Is the stress concentration coefficient;
the energy of the coal-rock power system in the third step is respectively as follows:
(1) Energy of coal-rock power system under dead weight stress field condition
(2) Construction of energy of coal-rock power system under stress field condition
In the fourth step, the energy released by the coal rock power system is as follows:
wherein: v 0 The average initial speed of throwing out for breaking the coal rock mass is m/s; ρ is the average density of the coal rock mass thrown out after crushing, kg/m 3 ；σ c The uniaxial compressive strength of the coal body is MPa;
when rock burst begins to occur in a typical rock burst mine, the released energy is the difference between the energy of a structural stress field and the energy of a foundation, namely:
U G -U Z ＝U S ＝ΔU
and (3) deriving the critical depth of the typical rock burst mine by combining the calculation result of the step (III) as follows:
2. a method of rock burst risk prediction for a typical rock burst mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method for judging the typical rock burst mine by constructing the geological power environment system of the mine in the first step specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Constructing a geological power environment evaluation system consisting of eight factors, namely a structural concave landform condition, a vertical movement condition of a broken block structure, a horizontal movement condition of the broken block structure, an influence range of the broken block structure, structural stress, coal seam mining depth, an overlying hard rock stratum condition, a local zone and an adjacent zone rock burst criterion condition of a target mine;
(2) Each evaluation index value a in the geological dynamic environment evaluation index system i Dividing into four grades, judging the influence degree of each evaluation index on the geological power environment of the mine one by one, and evaluating the index a without influence on the geological power environment of the mine i An evaluation index of 0, a when the influence degree is weak i An evaluation index of 1, a at the time of moderate influence i An evaluation index of 2, a when having a strong influence i An evaluation index of 3; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) well Tian Gouzao concave geomorphic features:
wherein C is the contrast intensity of the structure depression;
Δh—constructing the difference between the highest and lowest elevations of the pit, km;
Δl—the width of the structural pit, km;
A. b is a weight coefficient; mountain land topography: a=0.25, b=0.75, hilly land: a=0.5, b=0.5, plain land appearance: a=0.75, b=0.25;
when C is not less than 0.75, the evaluation index a 1 3; when 0.5.ltoreq.C0.75, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 2; when C is more than or equal to 0.25 and less than 0.5, the index a is evaluated 1 1 is shown in the specification; when C < 0.25, the index a is evaluated 1 Is 0;
(2) vertical motion condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 1 When the vertical movement rate V 1 When the ratio is not less than 8mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 3; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 Evaluation index a at > 5mm/yr 2 Is 2; when the vertical movement velocity V 1 When the ratio is < -3mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 2 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement speed is-3 mm/yr is less than or equal to V 1 When the density is less than or equal to 5mm/yr, the evaluation index is equal to or less thanNumber a 2 Is 0;
(3) horizontal movement condition of broken block structure:
the vertical movement speed of the broken block of the target mine is V 2 When the horizontal movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a at > 10mm/yr 3 3; when the vertical movement speed is 5mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 When the density is less than or equal to 10mm/yr, the index a is evaluated 3 Is 2; when the vertical movement speed is 2mm/yr is less than or equal to V 2 Evaluation index a when < 5mm/yr 3 1 is shown in the specification; when the vertical movement velocity V 2 Evaluation index a when < 2mm/yr 3 Is 0;
(4) fracture structure influence range condition
b＝±(K·10h)
Wherein: b-width of the fracture structure influence range, km, b takes a positive value when the fracture influence range boundary is outside the well field boundary, and b takes a negative value when the fracture influence range boundary straddles the inside of the well field boundary;
k-mobility coefficients (k=1, 2, 3), k=3 when the break mobility is strong, k=2 when the break mobility is medium, and k=1 when the break mobility is weak;
h-breaking vertical drop, m;
when b.ltoreq.0.5, the index a is evaluated 4 When b is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 4 2, when 2 < b.ltoreq.5, the index a is evaluated 4 1, when b > 5, the index a is evaluated 4 Is 0;
(5) structural stress conditions
The structural stress versus rock burst risk evaluation index is represented by a stress concentration coefficient K, and when K is more than 2, the evaluation index a 5 3, when K is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 2, the index a is evaluated 5 When K is more than 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2, the index a is evaluated 5 1, when K is less than or equal to 0.8, the evaluation index a 5 Is 0;
(6) depth of extraction conditions
When the mining depth h is more than 800m, the evaluation index a 6 3, when 600m < h is less than or equal to 800m, the index a is evaluated 6 2, when 400m < h.ltoreq.600m, the index a is evaluated 6 1, when the mining depth h is less than or equal to 400m, the evaluation index a 6 Is 0;
(7) overburden hard formation conditions
The distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is less than or equal to 20m, and the index a is evaluated 7 3; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 20m and less than or equal to 50m, evaluating the index a 7 Is 2; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 50m and less than or equal to 100m, evaluating the index a 7 1 is shown in the specification; when the distance d between the hard-covered thick rock stratum and the coal seam is more than 100m, the index a is evaluated 7 Is 0;
(8) evaluation of local and neighbor criteria
The occurrence frequency of rock burst of the same coal seam in the region and the adjacent region is n, and when n is more than or equal to 3, the index a is evaluated 8 3, when 2.ltoreq.n < 3, the index a is evaluated 8 2, when n=1, the evaluation index a 8 1, when n=0, the evaluation index a 8 Is 0;
(3) Obtaining each evaluation index value a obtained in the step (2) i Adding to obtain comprehensive evaluation index
(4) Normalizing the comprehensive evaluation index in the step (3) to obtain a comprehensive evaluation index value of the geological dynamic environment of the target mine
(5) Dividing the types of the target mine according to the comprehensive evaluation index value N of the geological power environment of the target mine in the step (4), wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: defining the target mine as a typical rock burst mine when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1, wherein when N is more than 0.5 and less than or equal to 0.75, the target mine is a geological power environment with medium rock burst, and when N is more than 0.75 and less than or equal to 1, the target mine is a geological power environment with strong rock burst; when N is more than 0.25 and less than or equal to 0.5, defining a target mine as an atypical rock burst mine, wherein the target mine is a geological power environment with weak rock burst; when N is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.25, the target mine is defined as a rock burst-free mine, and the target mine is a geological power environment with the rock burst-free mine.
3. A method of rock burst risk prediction for a typical rock burst mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rock burst risk is predicted based on the critical depth, and when the depth of production reaches the critical depth, continued production will risk the rock burst to occur.
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