CN112324506B - Dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst of coal mine based on microseism - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst of a coal mine based on microseism, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety. Taking the total frequency and total energy of a single working surface every day as the base numbers, and generating an energy and frequency trend graph; (2) Judging whether the vibration is absent or not according to whether the total energy is continuously below the total energy trend line for three days or not; (3) 4 conditions of analyzing the relation between the frequency and the released energy under the condition of lack of vibration are used for judging whether early warning is carried out or not, and the conditions are respectively as follows: ① The energy and the frequency are increased, and early warning is started; ② The energy and the frequency are reduced, and early warning is not started; ③ The energy rises, the frequency drops, and the early warning is not started; ④ The frequency rises, the energy drops, and early warning is started; after comprehensive analysis is performed according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst of a coal mine, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety. In particular to a dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst of a coal mine based on microseism.
Background
The prediction of rock burst is the basis of rock burst control, and the prediction and forecast are mainly divided into the following two types at present.
The mining method comprises a comprehensive index method for determining rock burst risk according to mining geological conditions, a numerical simulation analysis method, a drilling cutting method, a coal stratum rock burst tendency classification method and the like. The drilling cutting method is to judge the impact danger degree according to the highest pulverized coal amount, the distance from the coal wall and the dynamic phenomenon in the drilling process. However, the monitoring of the impact danger is discontinuous in time, the monitoring range is limited, and the reliability of the monitoring result is influenced by the technical and experience personal factors of construction equipment and operators, and the like, so that the monitoring result is often used as an auxiliary and matched monitoring means. The comprehensive index method integrates various factors influencing rock burst, is often applied to the design of mining areas, the arrangement of working surfaces and the coal mining method, determines a main impact dangerous area and lays a foundation for the management of later rock burst. The rock burst tendency classification method mainly adopts impact energy index, elastic energy index and dynamic destruction time index to determine the impact tendency of coal, is the working in the earlier stage of ore, becomes the basis of the coal bed with the impact tendency identified by the ore, and also lays the foundation for the management of the later rock burst. Roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring and roof separation monitoring are also conventional rock burst monitoring methods, and play an important role in some mining areas. Numerical simulation analysis has been developed with the development of computer technology, and can determine the stress distribution state in a working surface, and also predict the influence of mining space, mining parameters and mining history on rock burst, and is widely applied to rock burst prediction. However, the simplified treatment of the coal and rock mass can only be used as an approximation method, and years of practice prove that the numerical simulation result is effective for determining the rock burst dangerous area, but cannot be used as point prediction.
And secondly, mining geophysical methods including a microseismic method, an acoustic emission method, an electromagnetic radiation method, a vibration method, a gravity method and the like. The microseismic method is similar to the method for recording and analyzing the earthquake, but has shallow earthquake center, small intensity, high vibration frequency and small influence range; the vibration degree of the mine is measured by adopting the vibration times and vibration energy of the mine in unit time. The acoustic emission method is to record weak, low-energy earth sound phenomena in a pulse form; the earth sound change is similar to the coal body stress change process, the earth sound activity is concentrated at a certain part of a mining area, and when the intensity of an earth sound event is gradually increased, the earth sound event indicates the danger of rock burst, and the earth sound change is divided into station type continuous monitoring and portable flowing earth sound monitoring, and the frequency (pulse number) of sound emission, the sum of pulse energy in a certain time, the mining geological condition, the mining activity and the like are mainly recorded. Electromagnetic radiation is considered to be a phenomenon of outward radiation electromagnetic energy in the loaded deformation and cracking process of the coal rock mass, and is closely related to the deformation and cracking process of the coal rock mass, and electromagnetic radiation information comprehensively reflects impact
The main factors of coal and rock disaster dynamic phenomena such as ground pressure and the like are that electromagnetic radiation signals can reflect the degree and speed of coal and rock mass damage, and the main record indexes are electromagnetic radiation signal intensity amplitude and pulse times. In recent years, students analyze fractal characteristics of electromagnetic radiation parameter curves by using chaos and fractal theory, and describe the change rules of parameters such as electromagnetic radiation intensity, electromagnetic radiation pulse number and the like along with time by using correlation dimensions, thereby providing a new thought for a processing method of electromagnetic radiation monitoring data. Vibration methods were initially used to study the continuity of the produced layers and to reveal the non-uniformity of their construction. The measurement parameter is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave, which is later used to determine the mine pressure parameter, in particular the stress-strain state around the roadway. The gravity method is used for measuring abnormal change of gravity according to the non-uniformity of rock medium mass distribution in stratum, and is mainly applied to rock mass volume change caused by exploitation, prediction of stratum vibration, change of coal seam structure in a small range, positioning of local cavities and the like.
The prediction work of rock burst becomes extremely difficult and complicated due to the randomness, complexity and burst of time, place, area, seismic source and the like of the rock burst, and the method is a worldwide difficult problem to be solved urgently. The prediction method commonly adopted at present is a static early warning index method, and has the following defects:
1. The early warning index setting is greatly influenced by human factors, and the range is too wide.
2. The early warning method is mainly a static index method, can not reflect the underground real-time state, and has poor accuracy.
3. The early warning method adopts the parameter part of the index to take the value difficultly, and has insufficient timeliness.
4. The early warning method has low accuracy in predicting the risk of the rock burst of the working face.
Therefore, the establishment of a dynamic rock burst early warning method is the primary choice for the current coal mine rock burst prevention and control.
The monitoring of the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway at home and abroad mainly comprises shallow monitoring such as displacement monitoring, but the monitoring can not substantially reflect precursor information of the initiation, development and penetration processes of micro-fracture of the surrounding rock, and the inside of the rock body is damaged before the surrounding rock damage result obtained by the displacement monitoring, so that the real prediction of the roadway instability process is difficult. The microseismic monitoring is a real-time continuous rock mass internal emission monitoring technology, the microseismic monitoring system is utilized to determine the position of an occurrence earthquake by detecting earthquake waves emitted by a microseismic fracture, give out the intensity and frequency of earthquake activity, and judge the potential rock burst activity law, but the conventional microseismic early warning index is a static 'one-face index' which is not regulated or is less regulated in the whole working face recovery period, and the risk of the rock burst of the working face cannot be predicted and predicted in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst in a coal mine based on microseism, which mainly utilizes the activity change and the activity trend of the microseism to judge the spreading rule of microseism events, evaluates the impact risk degree of a working face, dynamically forecasts the rock burst disasters and can effectively improve the monitoring and early warning level of the rock burst mine.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst in coal mines based on microseism, which evaluates the impact risk degree of a working face and dynamically forecasts the rock burst disaster by utilizing the activity change and the activity trend of microseism to judge the spreading rule of microseism events, comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database;
(2) When no faults and other obvious geological structures exist in the range of the working surface, the fracture of the lithology of the top plate is periodic, the fluctuation of the total energy released by the fracture is small in a certain section range, and the impact risk prediction method is adopted;
(3) Screening and removing microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences from the microseismic data of the working face, and carrying out statistics and summarization on the microseismic data in the range of the working face;
(4) Generating an energy and frequency trend graph by taking total frequency and total energy of a single working surface every day as base numbers, and generating a linear total energy trend line according to the total energy trend;
(5) Judging the lack of vibration effect: judging whether the total energy is lack of vibration according to whether the total energy is below the total energy trend line, and judging that the total energy trend line is lack of vibration when the total energy trend line is continuously below the total energy trend line for three days;
(6) Analyzing the relation between the frequency and the released energy under the condition of lack of earthquake, and determining whether to start early warning;
① The energy and the frequency are increased, which indicates that the coal stratum is in an elastic energy accumulation state, the probability of occurrence of a large-energy event is increased in the later period, and early warning is started;
② The energy and the frequency are reduced, the state is that the excessive energy event just happens, the probability of the occurrence of the excessive energy event in the later period of the coal stratum entering the stabilization period is small, and the early warning is not started;
③ The energy rises and the frequency falls, which indicates that the coal stratum starts to fracture and develop, the probability of occurrence of a large energy event is small in the later period of the temporary stable state, and the early warning is not started;
④ The frequency rises, the energy drops, the stratum breaks and develops, the energy release is in a process from the variable quantity to the variable quality, the probability of occurrence of a large energy event is increased in the later period, and the early warning is started.
The data information of the working face microseismic monitoring database comprises: and carrying out statistics and summarization on microseismic events occurring in the working surface, and recording total daily microseismic energy, total frequency and single maximum energy.
The microseismic energy and the frequency are greatly different under different geological factors and mining technical conditions, but the whole microseismic energy and the frequency are normally distributed, and under the condition that the mining earthquake activity is stable, the total internal stress release value of a certain area can be basically regarded as stable, and the average release energy level of the area is also stable. If the average energy level of a certain area is smaller than the average energy level in a long period of time, the area is very likely to generate a mineral shock with larger energy to compensate the partial energy level lacking in the area in the long period of time, the phenomenon of 'lack of shock' means that the area is likely to generate a lack of energy level, based on the rule, the coal rock stratum can be determined to release energy in different mining areas in a fuzzy manner under a certain geological condition, a constant exists, the frequency of micro shock is related to the energy of the micro shock, the frequency is high, the single maximum energy is low, and the possible future micro shock maximum energy can be predicted. After comprehensive analysis is performed according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
Starting an early warning process when the total energy is located below the total energy trend line for three continuous days on the same day, and judging that impact danger exists if the total energy and the frequency of ① are in an ascending trend on the fourth day, and issuing an early warning list; ② The total energy and the frequency are in a descending trend, and the risk of no impact is judged, and the continuous attention is paid; ③ The total energy is increased, the frequency is reduced, no impact danger is judged, and the continuous attention is paid; ④ The total energy is reduced, the frequency is increased, the impact danger is judged, and an early warning list is issued; ⑤ The total energy exceeds the near-stage average energy to finish the early warning process; judging the impact danger according to the fourth day judging method according to the relation between the energy and the frequency; ending the early warning process until the total energy is above the total energy trend line.
The method has the beneficial effects that after comprehensive analysis is performed according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the early warning method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy and frequency trend graph;
In fig. 2, the abscissa represents the date, the ordinate represents the energy, and the ordinate represents the frequency.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples to facilitate further understanding and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Specific method
1. And establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database.
(1) Firstly, establishing a network platform server;
(2) A signal acquisition system is established to acquire and record relevant monitoring data; the relevant monitoring data includes: microseismic spatial three-dimensional location, microseismic energy and frequency.
(3) Setting up a shared file through a work network, uploading monitoring data to the shared file by utilizing the data transmission capability, and realizing information sharing;
(4) And the monitoring data collected through the shared file are collected on a network platform server in a unified way, so that a microseismic monitoring database is established, and real-time and comprehensive monitoring of rock burst information is realized.
2. And screening and eliminating microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences on the microseismic data of the working face, and carrying out statistics and summarization on the microseismic data in the range of the working face.
3. The total frequency and total energy of a single working surface are taken as the base numbers, an energy and frequency trend chart shown in figure 2 is generated, the abscissa in figure 2 represents the date, the ordinate represents the energy in joules, and the ordinate represents the frequency in joules. A linear total energy trend line is generated from the total energy trend.
4. Judging whether the total energy is lack of vibration or not according to whether the total energy is below a total energy trend line, and judging that the total energy trend line is lack of vibration if the total energy trend line is below the trend line.
5. Under the condition of lack of vibration, the relation between analysis frequency and release energy is generally as follows:
① The energy and the frequency are increased, which indicates that the coal stratum is in an elastic energy accumulation state, and the probability of occurrence of a large-energy event in the later period is increased;
② The energy and the frequency are reduced, the state is that the excessive energy event occurs just, and the probability of the occurrence of the excessive energy event at the later stage of the coal stratum entering the stabilization period is small;
③ The energy rises and the frequency falls, which indicates that the coal stratum starts to fracture and develop, and the probability of occurrence of a large energy event at the later stage of the temporary steady state is small;
④ The frequency rises, the energy drops, the stratum fracture develops, the energy release is in a process from the variable quantity to the variable quality, and the probability of occurrence of a large energy event at a later stage is increased.
6. Early warning: the total energy of the working face is located under the total energy trend line for 3 continuous days, and an impact risk early warning program is started. The whole early warning flow is shown in figure 1.
Taking a stoping working face of a certain mine as an example, the running length of the working face is 1200m, the trend length is 220m, the maximum mining depth is 680m, one side is near to the air, a small coal pillar protects a roadway, the working face is mainly influenced by fault structures, the stoping speed is 1.6m/d on average, a layer of 16m thick hard middle sandstone exists in a top plate 100m, and the main anti-impact measures are as follows: roof blasting, coal seam pressure relief, and floor pressure relief.
Firstly, establishing a database to carry out statistics and summarization on microseismic events occurring in a working surface, and recording microseismic total energy, total frequency and single maximum energy every day; the energy and frequency trend graph is generated by utilizing the WPS table graph function, the total energy trend line is added, an automatic updating function is set, the data updating graph is automatically recorded, and the generating effect is shown in figure 2. In fig. 2, the abscissa represents the date, the ordinate represents energy in joules, and the ordinate represents frequency in joules.
Example 1: see fig. 2: the total energy trend line of 7 months 3 days to 7 months 5 days is below the total energy trend line, a hyposmia effect is formed, an early warning process is started, the total energy of 7 months 6 days is reduced, the frequency is increased, the early warning notice is issued by the anti-scour department, the total energy of 7 months 7 days is reduced, the frequency is increased, the early warning level is improved, more than one hundred thousand damage events occur on the upper part of the working surface of 7 months 8 days, and the early warning is successful because personnel injury and death occur in the area are limited in advance.
Example 2: fig. 2: the total energy of 7-month 12-7-month 7.14-day continuous three-day microseismic monitoring is below the total energy trend line, is in a hypocenter state, starts an early warning process, and the energy and frequency of 7-month 15-day are increased, the anti-scour department issues an early warning notice, and a hundred thousand-level microseismic event occurs on a 7-month 16-day working face, so that early warning is successful.
The total energy released by the roof periodically is different in different mining area coalbed occurrence conditions, but the roof energy released by a single working face can be considered as a fixed value approximately, whether the roof energy of the working face is lack of vibration can be judged by judging the total energy, and then the impact risk of the current working face can be predicted according to the frequency and the energy relation.
Claims (2)
1. A dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a coal mine based on microseism is characterized in that the distribution rule of microseism events is judged by utilizing the activity change and the activity trend of the microseism, the impact risk degree of a working face is evaluated, and the rock burst disaster is dynamically forecasted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database; positioning the microseismic events in the coal rock body according to the working face microseismic monitoring system,
(2) During the apparent geological structure without faults in the working surface range, the fracture of the lithology of the top plate is periodic, the fluctuation of the total energy released by the fracture is smaller in a certain section range, and the impact risk prediction method is adopted;
(3) Screening and removing microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences from the microseismic data of the working face, and carrying out statistics and summarization on the microseismic data in the range of the working face;
(4) Generating an energy and frequency trend graph by taking total frequency and total energy of a single working surface every day as base numbers, and generating a linear total energy trend line according to total energy trend;
(5) Judging the lack of vibration effect: judging whether the total energy is lack of vibration according to whether the total energy is below the total energy trend line, and judging that the total energy trend line is lack of vibration when the total energy trend line is continuously below the total energy trend line for three days;
(6) Analyzing the relation between the frequency and the released energy under the condition of lack of earthquake, and determining whether to start early warning:
① The energy and the frequency are increased, which indicates that the coal stratum is in an elastic energy accumulation state, the probability of occurrence of a large-energy event is increased in the later period, and early warning is started;
② The energy and the frequency are reduced, the state is that the excessive energy event just happens, the probability of the occurrence of the excessive energy event in the later period of the coal stratum entering the stabilization period is small, and the early warning is not started;
③ The energy rises and the frequency falls, which indicates that the coal stratum starts to fracture and develop, the probability of occurrence of a large energy event is small in the later period of the temporary stable state, and the early warning is not started;
④ The frequency is increased, the energy is reduced, the rock stratum is broken and developed, the energy release is in a process from a variable quantity to a variable quality, the probability of a large energy event is increased in the later period, and early warning is started;
the step (1) of establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database comprises the following steps:
(1) Firstly establishing a network platform server;
(2) A signal acquisition system is established to acquire and record relevant monitoring data;
(3) Setting up a shared file through a work network, uploading monitoring data to the shared file by utilizing the data transmission capability, and realizing information sharing;
(4) And the monitoring data collected through the shared file are collected on a network platform server in a unified way, so that a microseismic monitoring database is established, and real-time and comprehensive monitoring of rock burst information is realized.
2. The dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst in a coal mine based on microseism according to claim 1, wherein the relevant monitoring data recorded in the microseism monitoring database comprises: microseismic spatial three-dimensional location, microseismic energy and frequency.
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