CN112324506A - Dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst of coal mine based on micro-seismic - Google Patents
Dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst of coal mine based on micro-seismic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a coal mine based on micro-shock, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety. Specifically, (1) generating an energy and frequency trend graph by taking the total frequency and the total energy of a single working surface per day as a base number; (2) judging whether the earthquake is lacking according to whether the total energy is continuously below the total energy trend line for three days or not; (3) under the condition of lack of earthquake, 4 conditions of analyzing the relation between frequency and released energy are used for judging whether to give an early warning or not, and the conditions are respectively as follows: firstly, energy and frequency rise, and early warning is started; secondly, both energy and frequency are reduced, and early warning is not started; rising energy, descending frequency and not starting early warning; raising frequency, lowering energy and starting early warning; after comprehensive analysis according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic early warning method for preventing rock burst in a coal mine, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety. In particular to a dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst in a coal mine based on micro-shock.
Background
The prediction of rock burst is the basis of rock burst prevention and control, and the prediction and forecast mainly comprise the following two types at present.
The mining method comprises a comprehensive index method for determining the danger of rock burst according to mining geological conditions, a numerical simulation analysis method, a drilling cutting method, a coal rock stratum rock burst tendency classification method and the like. The drilling cutting method is to judge the impact danger degree according to the highest coal powder quantity, the distance from the coal wall and the dynamic phenomenon in the drilling process. However, the impact hazard monitoring is discontinuous in time, the monitoring range is limited, and the reliability of the monitoring result is influenced by human factors such as the technology and experience of construction equipment and operators, so that the impact hazard monitoring is often used as an auxiliary and matched monitoring means. The comprehensive index method integrates various generation factors influencing rock burst, is often applied in mining area design, working face arrangement and coal mining methods, determines a main impact danger area, and lays a foundation for the control of the rock burst in the later period. The rock burst tendency classification method mainly adopts an impact energy index, an elastic energy index and a dynamic damage time index to determine the impact tendency of coal, is the work in the early stage of a mine, becomes the basis for identifying the impact tendency coal bed of the mine, and lays a foundation for the control of the rock burst in the later stage. Roadway surrounding rock deformation monitoring and roof separation monitoring are also conventional rock burst monitoring methods, and still play an important role in some mining areas. The numerical simulation analysis method is developed along with the development of computer technology, can determine the stress distribution state in a working face, can also predict the influence of mining space, mining parameters and mining history on rock burst, and is widely applied to rock burst prediction. However, the method simplifies the coal rock mass, can only be used as an approximate method, and years of practice prove that the numerical simulation result is effective for determining the rock burst dangerous area, but cannot be used as point prediction.
And the other is a mining geophysical method, which comprises a micro-seismic method, an acoustic emission method, an electromagnetic radiation method, a vibration method, a gravity method and the like. The microseism method is similar to the method for recording and analyzing the earth earthquake, but the earthquake center is shallow, the intensity is small, the vibration frequency is high, and the influence range is small; the mine vibration degree is measured by adopting the number of mine vibration and the vibration energy in unit time. The acoustic emission method records weak and low-energy ground sound phenomena in a pulse form; the process of the change of the ground sound is similar to the process of the change of the stress of the coal body, the ground sound activity is concentrated at a certain part of a mining area, and when the intensity of a ground sound event is gradually increased, the danger of rock burst is indicated, the method comprises the steps of standing continuous monitoring and portable flowing ground sound monitoring, and is mainly used for recording the acoustic emission frequency (pulse number), the sum of pulse energy in a certain time, mining geological conditions, mining activities and the like. The electromagnetic radiation method considers that the coal rock electromagnetic radiation is a phenomenon that electromagnetic energy is radiated outwards in the deformation and rupture process of the coal rock mass under load, is closely related to the deformation and rupture process of the coal rock mass, and the electromagnetic radiation information comprehensively reflects the impact
The electromagnetic radiation signal can reflect the degree and speed of coal rock body destruction, and the main recording indexes comprise the intensity amplitude and pulse frequency of the electromagnetic radiation signal. In recent years, learners analyze fractal characteristics of electromagnetic radiation parameter curves by using chaos and fractal theories, describe the change rule of parameters such as electromagnetic radiation intensity, electromagnetic radiation pulse number and the like along with time by using correlation dimensions, and provide a new thought for a processing method of electromagnetic radiation monitoring data. The vibroseis method was initially used to study the continuity of the produced layers and reveal the structural non-uniformity. The measurement parameter is the propagation velocity of seismic waves, and is later used for determining mine pressure parameters, particularly for determining the stress strain state around a roadway. The gravity method measures the abnormal change of gravity according to the nonuniformity of the mass distribution of rock media in the stratum, and is mainly applied to the volume change of rock mass, the prediction of stratum vibration, the change of coal bed structure in a small range, the positioning of local cavities and the like caused by mining.
Due to the randomness, complex diversity and burstiness of time, place, area, seismic source and the like of rock burst, the work of predicting rock burst becomes extremely difficult and complex, and the method is a worldwide difficult problem to be solved. The currently widely adopted prediction method is a static early warning index method, and has the following defects:
1. the early warning index setting is greatly influenced by human factors and has an excessively wide range.
2. The early warning method is mainly a static index method, cannot reflect the underground real-time state and is poor in accuracy.
3. The early warning method has the defects of difficult dereferencing of the parameter part of the adopted index and insufficient timeliness.
4. The early warning method has low prediction accuracy on the danger of the rock burst of the working face.
Therefore, the establishment of a dynamic rock burst early warning method is the first choice for preventing and controlling the rock burst of the coal mine at present.
The monitoring of the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway at home and abroad mainly takes displacement monitoring and other shallow monitoring as main monitoring, but the monitoring can not substantially reflect the precursor information of the processes of initiation, development and penetration of the micro-fracture of the surrounding rock, and the interior of the rock body is already damaged before the damage result of the surrounding rock obtained by the displacement monitoring, so that the real prediction of the instability process of the roadway is difficult. The microseism monitoring is a real-time and continuous rock internal emission monitoring technology, a microseism monitoring system is utilized to detect seismic waves emitted by micro-fractures, the position of an earthquake is determined, the intensity and frequency of seismic activity are given, and the potential rock burst activity rule is judged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic early warning method for preventing and controlling rock burst of a coal mine based on micro-seismic, which mainly utilizes the activity change and the activity trend of the micro-seismic to judge the spreading rule of micro-seismic events, evaluate the impact hazard degree of a working face, dynamically forecast the rock burst disaster and effectively improve the monitoring and early warning level of a rock burst mine.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a dynamic early warning method for preventing and treating rock burst of coal mine based on micro-earthquake comprises the following steps of judging the spreading rule of micro-earthquake events by utilizing the activity change and the activity trend of the micro-earthquake, evaluating the impact danger degree of a working face, and dynamically forecasting the rock burst disaster, wherein the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database;
(2) when no fault and other obvious geological structures exist in the working face range, the lithologic fracture of the top plate is periodic, the total release energy fluctuation is small in a certain section range, and the impact risk prediction method is adopted;
(3) screening the microseismic data of the working face to remove microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences, and only counting and summarizing the microseismic data in the range of the working face;
(4) generating an energy and frequency trend graph by taking the total frequency and the total energy of a single working surface per day as a base number, and generating a linear total energy trend line according to the total energy trend;
(5) judging the lack of vibration effect: judging whether the total energy is in the lower part of the total energy trend line or not, and judging that the total energy is in the lower part of the total energy trend line continuously for three days;
(6) analyzing the relation between the frequency and the released energy under the condition of lack of earthquake, and determining whether to start early warning;
firstly, energy and frequency rise, which shows that the coal rock layer is in an accumulation state of elastic energy, the probability of a large-energy event occurring in the later period is increased, and early warning is started;
the energy and the frequency are both reduced, the occurrence of the state is generally that an excessive energy event just occurs, the probability of the occurrence of the large energy event is small at the later stage of the coal rock layer entering a stable period, and early warning is not started;
rising energy and decreasing frequency, indicating that the coal rock layer starts to fracture and develop, and the probability of large energy events occurring in the later period when the coal rock layer is temporarily in a stable state is small, and early warning is not started;
raising frequency, lowering energy, breaking and developing rock stratum, enabling energy release to be in a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, increasing the probability of large energy events in the later period, and starting early warning.
The data information of the working face microseismic monitoring database comprises the following steps: and (4) carrying out statistics and summary on microseismic events occurring in the working surface, and recording the total daily microseismic energy, the total frequency and the single maximum energy.
The microseismic energy and frequency under different geological factors and mining technical conditions are greatly different, but the whole microseismic energy and frequency are normally distributed, under the condition that the mineral earthquake activity is stable, the total stress release value in a certain area can be basically considered to be stable, and the average release energy level in the area also needs to be stable. If the average energy level of a certain area in a short time period is smaller than the average energy level of a certain area in a long time period, the area is most likely to generate ore shocks with larger energy to make up the part of energy level which is lacked in the area in the long time period, and the phenomenon of 'lack of shock' means that the area is likely to generate the lack of energy level. After comprehensive analysis according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
If the total energy and the frequency both show an ascending trend on the fourth day, judging that the impact risk exists, and placing an early warning list; the total energy and the frequency both show a descending trend, no impact danger is judged, and continuous attention is paid; rising total energy, descending frequency, judging no impact danger, and continuously paying attention; fourthly, total energy is decreased, frequency is increased, the situation that the impact danger exists is judged, and an early warning list is issued; fifthly, ending the early warning process when the total energy exceeds the average energy of the near stage; judging impact danger according to the energy and frequency relation on the fifth day and a judging method on the fourth day; and ending the early warning process until the total energy is above the total energy trend line.
The method has the advantages that after comprehensive analysis is carried out according to the method, whether the impact risk exists or not is judged, advanced early warning and advanced precaution are achieved, and the risk of rock burst accidents is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the early warning method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an energy and frequency trend graph;
in fig. 2, the abscissa represents the date, the ordinate represents the energy, and the ordinate represents the frequency.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples in order to facilitate further understanding and practice of the invention by those skilled in the art.
Detailed description of the invention
1. And establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database.
(1) Firstly, establishing a network platform server;
(2) establishing a signal acquisition system, and acquiring and recording related monitoring data; relevant monitoring data includes: microseismic spatial three-dimensional position, microseismic energy and frequency.
(3) Establishing a shared file through a working network, and uploading monitoring data to the shared file by using data transmission capacity to realize information sharing;
(4) monitoring data collected by the shared file are collected to a network platform server in a unified mode, so that a microseismic monitoring database is established, and real-time and comprehensive monitoring on rock burst information is achieved.
2. And (4) screening the microseismic data of the working face to remove microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences, and only counting and summarizing the microseismic data in the range of the working face.
3. The total frequency and the total energy of a single working surface of each day are used as base numbers to generate an energy and frequency trend graph shown in fig. 2, wherein the abscissa in fig. 2 represents the date, the ordinate is energy, the unit joule is represented, and the ordinate is frequency, the unit is represented. And generating a linear total energy trend line according to the total energy trend.
4. And judging whether the earthquake is absent or not according to whether the total energy is below the total energy trend line or not, and judging the earthquake is absent if the total energy trend line is below the trend line.
5. The relationship between frequency and released energy is analyzed under the condition of lack of vibration, and the following 4 conditions are generally adopted:
firstly, the energy and the frequency are increased, the coal rock layer is in an accumulation state of elastic energy, and the probability of a large energy event occurring in the later period is increased;
the energy and the frequency are both reduced, the occurrence of the state is generally that an excessive energy event just occurs, and the probability of the occurrence of the large energy event is small at the later stage when the coal rock layer enters a stable period;
rising energy and decreasing frequency, which shows that the coal rock layer starts to fracture and develop, and the probability of large energy events occurring in the later period when the coal rock layer is temporarily in a stable state is small;
raising frequency, lowering energy, breaking and developing rock stratum, releasing energy in a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, and increasing the probability of large energy events in the later period.
6. Early warning: and (4) starting an impact risk early warning program when the total energy of the working surface is below the total energy trend line for 3 days continuously. The whole early warning process is shown in fig. 1.
Taking a certain ore recovery working face as an example, the working face has the run length of 1200m, the dip length of 220m, the maximum mining depth of 680m, one side is adjacent to the sky, a small coal pillar protects a roadway, the working face is mainly influenced by a fault structure, the recovery speed is 1.6m/d on average, a layer of 16 m-thick hard medium sandstone exists in a top plate of 100m, and the main anti-impact measures are as follows: roof blasting, coal seam pressure relief, and floor pressure relief.
The dynamic microseismic early warning method is started to be used in 7 months in 2020, firstly, a database is established to count and summarize microseismic events occurring in a working surface, and the total energy, the total frequency and the single maximum energy of the microseisms are recorded every day; the WPS form chart function is used for generating an energy and frequency trend chart, a total energy trend line is added, an automatic updating function is set, a data updating chart is automatically recorded, and the generating effect is shown in an attached figure 2. In fig. 2, the abscissa represents the date, the ordinate represents the energy in joules, and the ordinate represents the frequency in units.
Example 1: see fig. 2 for an illustration: the total energy trend line is below the total energy trend line for three consecutive days from 3 days in 7 months to 5 days in 7 months, the lack of shock effect is formed, the early warning process is started, the total energy is reduced and the frequency is increased in 6 days in 7 months, the early warning notice is issued by an anti-impact department, the total energy is reduced and the frequency is increased in 7 months and 7 days, the early warning level is improved, the upper part of the working surface of 8 days in 7 months is subjected to more than one hundred thousand damage events, and due to the fact that personnel limitation is carried out on the area in advance, the early warning is successful for the casualties of the personnel.
Example 2: FIG. 2 is a drawing: and (3) continuously monitoring the total energy of the microseismic monitoring for three days from 7 months 12 days to 7 months 7.14 days, wherein the total energy is below the total energy trend line and is in an earthquake-lacking state, starting an early warning process, the energy and frequency of the microseismic monitoring for 7 months 15 days are increased, an anti-scour department issues an early warning notice, and a working surface of 7 months 16 days has one hundred thousand-level microseismic event, so that the early warning is successful.
The occurrence conditions of coal seams in different mining areas are different, the total energy periodically released by the top plate is different in size, but specifically, the energy release of the top plate of a single working face can be approximately regarded as a fixed value, whether the energy of the top plate of the working face is lack of earthquake can be judged by judging the total energy, and the impact risk of the current working face can be predicted according to the frequency and energy relation.
Claims (3)
1. A dynamic early warning method for preventing and treating rock burst of coal mine based on micro-earthquake is characterized in that the spreading rule of micro-earthquake events is judged by utilizing the activity change and the activity trend of the micro-earthquake, the impact danger degree of a working face is evaluated, and the dynamic prediction is carried out on the disaster of the rock burst, and the specific method is as follows:
(1) establishing a working face microseismic monitoring database; positioning the microseismic events in the coal rock mass according to a working face microseismic monitoring system,
(2) when no fault and other obvious geological structures exist in the working face range, the lithologic fracture of the top plate is periodic, the total release energy fluctuation is small in a certain section range, and the impact risk prediction method is adopted;
(3) screening the microseismic data of the working face to remove microseismic events caused by fault and coal pillar influences, and only counting and summarizing the microseismic data in the range of the working face;
(4) generating an energy and frequency trend graph by taking the total frequency and the total energy of a single working surface per day as a base number, and generating a linear total energy trend line according to the total energy trend;
(5) judging the lack of vibration effect: judging whether the total energy is in the lower part of the total energy trend line or not, and judging that the total energy is in the lower part of the total energy trend line continuously for three days;
(6) analyzing the relation between the frequency and the released energy under the condition of lack of earthquake, and determining whether to start early warning;
firstly, energy and frequency rise, which shows that the coal rock layer is in an accumulation state of elastic energy, the probability of a large-energy event occurring in the later period is increased, and early warning is started;
the energy and the frequency are both reduced, the occurrence of the state is generally that an excessive energy event just occurs, the probability of the occurrence of the large energy event is small at the later stage of the coal rock layer entering a stable period, and early warning is not started;
rising energy and decreasing frequency, indicating that the coal rock layer starts to fracture and develop, and the probability of large energy events occurring in the later period when the coal rock layer is temporarily in a stable state is small, and early warning is not started;
raising frequency, lowering energy, breaking and developing rock stratum, enabling energy release to be in a process from quantitative change to qualitative change, increasing the probability of large energy events in the later period, and starting early warning.
2. The dynamic early warning method for preventing and treating rock burst in coal mine based on microseisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the establishing of the working face microseismic monitoring database comprises:
(1) firstly, establishing a network platform server;
(2) establishing a signal acquisition system, and acquiring and recording related monitoring data;
(3) establishing a shared file through a working network, and uploading monitoring data to the shared file by using data transmission capacity to realize information sharing;
(4) monitoring data collected by the shared file are collected to a network platform server in a unified mode, so that a microseismic monitoring database is established, and real-time and comprehensive monitoring on rock burst information is achieved.
3. The dynamic early warning method for preventing and treating rock burst of coal mine based on microseismic according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the relevant monitoring data recorded by the seismic monitoring database comprises: microseismic spatial three-dimensional position, microseismic energy and frequency.
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| CN114233386A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-03-25 | 北京安科兴业矿山安全技术研究院有限公司 | Coal mine disaster early warning method based on multi-parameter risk identification database |
| CN116299680A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-06-23 | 华北科技学院(中国煤矿安全技术培训中心) | Method for dynamically representing equivalent effect of time-space domain of mine microseismic activity |
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| CN114233386B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-01-16 | 北京安科兴业矿山安全技术研究院有限公司 | Coal mine disaster early warning method based on multi-parameter risk judgment database |
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