CN111648826B - Coal mine rock burst prediction early warning system and method - Google Patents
Coal mine rock burst prediction early warning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method, which adopts a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system and firstly determines a roadway needing important monitoring; then installing an SOS (sequence of analysis) microseismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system in the determined roadway area, installing a rock burst comprehensive early warning system on the ground, and integrating the SOS microseismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system to the rock burst comprehensive early warning system; finally, performing impact early warning through an impact ground pressure comprehensive early warning platform, and supplementing data in time to continuously improve the system; the method is suitable for the exploitation of geological structure areas in deep mines or the preparation of large roadway rock burst early warning, can accurately predict impact, takes pressure relief measures in advance and avoids personnel injury.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system.
The invention also relates to a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method.
Background
The rock burst refers to the dynamic phenomenon of sudden and violent damage of coal and rock mass around a coal mine roadway or a working face due to the instant release of elastic deformation energy, and is often accompanied by the instant displacement, throwing, great sound, air waves and the like of the coal and rock mass. At present, the methods for monitoring and early warning rock burst mainly comprise a microseismic method, an electromagnetic radiation method, a coal bed stress method, a drilling cutting method and the like.
The microseism method is based on microwave signals emitted in the rock mass fracture process, is an area monitoring method, but can only monitor data generated after the microseism occurs, and cannot perform early warning in advance. The principle of the electromagnetic radiation method is that the stress level in the coal seam has a certain relation with the electromagnetic radiation quantity thereof, but the accuracy of the electromagnetic radiation method cannot meet the requirement of rock burst early warning due to the electromagnetic radiation of large-scale equipment on site. The currently adopted coal bed stress method can only monitor the stress increment in the coal bed, can not obtain the real three-dimensional stress of the coal bed, and has no obvious change to the data of a harder coal bed. The drilling cutting method is greatly influenced by the operation of personnel and has low precision. The traditional monitoring and early warning system has certain limitation and cannot perform rock burst early warning well.
The coal mine main roadway area is generally far away from a goaf and is less influenced by mining activities, and the rock burst of the main roadway area cannot be effectively monitored by the conventional stress monitoring method, the drilling cutting method, the electromagnetic radiation method and the micro-seismic monitoring method. The underground environment is more complex relative to the ground, and once a rock burst disaster occurs, personnel can often be caused to be dead due to the fact that the personnel can not be timely cured, and great damage can be caused to underground equipment. Therefore, how to effectively solve the problems of coal mine roadway rock burst disaster early warning and the like is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system which is suitable for the development of a geological structure area in a deep mine or the preparation of roadway rock burst early warning, can accurately predict impact, takes pressure relief measures in advance and avoids personnel injury.
The invention also aims to provide a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method.
The invention adopts a first technical scheme that a coal mine rock burst prediction early warning system specifically comprises an SOS (sequence of events) micro-seismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system which are installed in an underground key monitoring area, wherein the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system are respectively connected with a rock burst comprehensive early warning system, and the rock burst comprehensive early warning system is positioned on the ground; the system also comprises a power supply module which is respectively connected with each system.
The first technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that:
the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system respectively adopt an SOS micro-seismic, KJ24 coal body stress on-line and ARES-5/E ground sound monitoring system.
The second technical scheme of the invention is a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method, and the coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, determining a roadway needing important monitoring;
step 2, installing an SOS (sequence of events) microseismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system in the roadway area determined in the step 1, installing a rock burst comprehensive early warning system on the ground, and integrating the SOS microseismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system to the rock burst comprehensive early warning system;
and step 3, performing impact early warning through the rock burst comprehensive early warning platform.
The second technical solution of the present invention is also characterized in that:
the comprehensive early warning system principle is a periodic early warning method for rock burst of a deep mine, and the method comprises four elements of static load accumulation position, static load accumulation period, dynamic load source and dynamic and static load superposition time;
the specific content of the step 1 comprises: actually measuring the distribution characteristics and the danger degree of impact hazard sources in a geological structure area by adopting an earthquake CT technology, wherein the earthquake CT technology can specifically adopt a 24-channel PASAT-M type portable microseismic detection system to detect, and an impact danger area of a roadway, namely a static load accumulation position, is defined by utilizing an obtained distribution graph;
the specific content of the step 2 comprises:
step 2.1, installing not less than 4 microseismic detection probes and 2 ground sound probes near each region of a key monitoring region, installing a plurality of groups of GZY60W mine intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors within a range of 50m in front of and behind a strong impact dangerous region, wherein the group distance of the GZY60W mine intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors is 20m, each group of holes is combined according to 2 measuring points with different depths, the group internal stress interval is 1m, the hole depths are respectively 8m and 12m, and the hole diameter is 42 mm;
2.2, the GZY60W mining intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensor sends the detected change of the stress field in the coal seam of the key monitoring area to a KJ24-FW mining intrinsic safety type pressure substation in a wireless communication mode, and the monitoring substation is connected with an upper base station and transmits monitoring data to an underground KJ24 stress online monitoring system to complete real-time monitoring of the change of the stress field in the coal seam due to mining influence;
step 2.3, calculating a dangerous threshold value according to the stress of an adjacent mine or taking 80% of the maximum coal seam stress before the area is impacted as the dangerous threshold value, then establishing a ledger, counting the interval between two dangerous threshold values as a static load accumulation period, and exploring the rule between the previous accumulation periods;
wherein the step 3 specifically comprises: analyzing a dynamic load source specifically, determining dynamic and static load superposition time by combining geological conditions and mining factors, primarily determining rock burst early warning time, and performing impact early warning through a rock burst comprehensive early warning platform;
wherein the dynamic and static load superposition time is determined by ARES-5/E earthquake sound monitoring system monitoring and SOS microseismic monitoring.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the coal mine rock burst prediction early warning method, the defects of a single rock burst monitoring system are overcome, the advantages of each monitoring system are integrated in a source-by-source mode, and the accuracy is more accurate; the cost is low, each monitoring system is a basic monitoring system required to be equipped for rock burst, and other monitoring systems are not required to be purchased; and (6) visualizing the data. Through visual software, the rock burst danger level of a certain area can be directly mastered; the system can continuously update data to further improve the early warning accuracy and has a self-perfecting function.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The invention provides a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system, which specifically comprises an SOS (sequence of service) micro-seismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system which are installed in a key monitoring area in a well, wherein the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system are respectively connected with a rock burst comprehensive early warning system, and the rock burst comprehensive early warning system is positioned on the ground; the system also comprises a power supply module which is respectively connected with each system, wherein the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system respectively adopt an SOS micro-seismic, KJ24 coal body stress on-line and ARES-5/E ground sound monitoring system.
The invention also provides a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method, which adopts a coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning system and comprises the following concrete steps:
the comprehensive early warning method for the rock burst of the large roadway of the coal mine is a working method for comprehensively analyzing dynamic and static loads and other factors of surrounding rocks of the roadway and realizing early warning of the rock burst based on a dynamic and static load superposition impact inducing principle; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a roadway needing important monitoring;
determining major monitoring areas of the main roadway, which mainly comprise geological structure areas such as faults, synclines, anticlines and the like, according to geological data of mines, current mining situations and the like;
the deep mine rock burst is mainly under the condition of high static load, the original rock of the surrounding rock of the roadway or the stope is very high, the stress concentration of the high static load around the roadway or the vicinity of the stope is caused by roadway excavation or working face stoping, at the moment, the stress level does not exceed but is close to the critical load, the tiny dynamic load increment generated by far-field mine earthquake can meet the impact condition, under the condition, the static load plays a leading role in the dynamic and static load superposition impact inducing machine, and the dynamic load plays an inducing role; the regional early warning of the rock burst is realized by analyzing the dynamic load and the static load, and particularly, the regional early warning mainly comprises a static load accumulation position, a static load accumulation period, a dynamic load source and dynamic and static load superposition time;
the method is characterized in that a large amount of structural stress is accumulated in a structural area in the process of geological movement, so that the geological structural area is a main accumulation point of static load of the whole mine, the method is inherent, irreversible damage is formed after one-time damage occurs in one area according to the view point of damage mechanics, the point becomes a weak point of the whole area, the strength of surrounding rocks near the point is lower than that of other areas, the capability of resisting damage deformation is reduced, and when rock burst occurs again, the point is easy to appear near the point, so that the subsequent multiple impacts are easy to occur in the area once the geological structural area generates one-time rock burst;
in order to master the stress distribution condition of a geological structure area and know the distribution characteristic of a high stress area in advance, the distribution characteristic and the danger degree of impact hazard sources of the geological structure area are actually measured by adopting a seismic CT technology, a 24-channel PASAT-M type portable microseismic detection system can be specifically adopted for detection, when in-situ detection is carried out, an excitation end is used for arranging a certain number of excitation holes on a roadway at one side of the structure area, a certain number of detectors are arranged on the roadway at the other side of the structure area as a receiving end, detection blasting is sequentially excited from the outer section to the inner side, the distribution of physical quantity in an object is inverted according to certain physical and mathematical relations by acquiring the wave velocity or attenuation coefficient of a medium in the detection area, and finally a clear and non-overlapping distribution graph is obtained, so that the structure and mechanical properties in the detection area are identified, and the distribution conditions of typical abnormal areas such as geological structure, abnormal stress areas, coal seam thickness change and the like in a coal body are further deduced, accurately demarcating a roadway impact dangerous area;
step 2, installing an SOS (sequence of events) microseismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system in the roadway area determined in the step 1, installing a rock burst comprehensive early warning system on the ground, and integrating the SOS microseismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system to the rock burst comprehensive early warning system:
when a certain structural area generates rock burst, a large amount of energy is released instantaneously to cause the damage of surrounding roadways, and a transient stress reduction area is formed at the same time. But as the ground stress redistributes, the static load in this region will gradually accumulate until it is near the original level. The time from the release of the dead load to the re-accumulation to the vicinity of the original level is called a dead load accumulation period;
step 2.1, installing not less than 4 microseismic detection probes and 2 ground sound probes near each area of a key monitoring area, accurately dividing a coal bed impact dangerous area through PASAT, installing a plurality of groups of GZY60W mining intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors within 50m range before and after the strong impact dangerous area, wherein the group distance of the GZY60W mining intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors is 20m, each group of hole depths are combined according to 2 measuring points with different depths, the group internal stress measuring distance is 1m, the hole depths are respectively 8m and 12m, and the hole diameter is 42 mm;
2.2, the GZY60W mining intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensor sends the detected change of the stress field in the coal seam of the key monitoring area to a KJ24-FW mining intrinsic safety type pressure substation in a wireless communication mode, and the monitoring substation is connected with an upper base station and transmits monitoring data to an underground KJ24 stress online monitoring system to complete real-time monitoring of the change of the stress field in the coal seam due to mining influence;
step 2.3, calculating a dangerous threshold value according to the stress of an adjacent mine or taking 80% of the maximum coal seam stress before the area is impacted as a dangerous threshold value (according to the past monitoring experience, 80% of the maximum coal seam stress is selected as the dangerous threshold value to effectively realize early warning time of more than 2 days), then establishing an account, counting the interval between two dangerous threshold values as a static load accumulation period, and exploring the rule between the previous accumulation periods;
step 3, analyzing the source of the dynamic load specifically, determining the superposition time of the dynamic load and the static load by combining geological conditions and mining factors, primarily determining the early warning time of rock burst, and performing impact early warning through the comprehensive early warning platform of rock burst:
the origin of the construction-induced dynamic loads is not limited to two aspects: the remote dynamic load is the remote dynamic load, and the near dynamic load is the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system which correspond to the monitoring systems respectively; the method specifically comprises the following steps: under the disturbance of the tunneling or the recovery of the adjacent working faces, the top and bottom plates of the adjacent working faces are broken to cause dynamic load, and the top and bottom plates of the high stress area of the near fault slippage or the syncline and anticline shaft part are broken to cause dynamic load; thirdly, the dynamic load is influenced by the dynamic load formed by the tunneling or the recovery disturbance of the adjacent working faces, so that the near fault slips or the dynamic load is caused by the breakage of the top and bottom plates of the high-stress areas of the syncline and the anticline shaft parts;
the early warning mode specifically comprises the following steps: the rock burst comprehensive early warning system comprises 4 modules which are respectively a rock burst danger level of a first module key area, a coal body stress step cloud picture of a second module key area, a rock sound system impact danger level of a third module key area and a microseismic distribution cloud picture of a fourth module mine in sequence;
the second, third and fourth modules respectively correspond to the three sets of monitoring systems, the early warning system is required to visualize data generated by the three sets of systems on a mine roadway floor map, specifically, a monitoring range of a GZY60W coal body stress meter is projected onto a horizontal plane to form a rectangular range, different colors are used for representing data monitored by the stress meter in the range, an initial danger threshold value is set, when the initial danger threshold value is larger than the threshold value, the initial danger threshold value is displayed to be striking red, 80% of the maximum value within 1 hour before impact is intercepted after impact pressure occurs in the area to serve as a danger threshold value, if multiple impact pressure occurs, 80% of the average number of the multiple impact maximum values is taken as the latest danger threshold value according to the method, and the modules can continuously perfect the data according to the underground field condition; meanwhile, the module plays a decisive role in the three modules, the first module is possible to send out early warning notification only when the module reaches the dangerous threshold value, and the first module cannot send out early warning notification no matter how the three modules and the four modules change when the module does not reach the dangerous threshold value;
and the cloud picture of the impact danger level of the ground sound system in the key area of the third module takes a mine roadway base picture as a background, the monitoring range of the probe is presented on the base picture in a circle shape in a certain color, and the legends beside the probe are marked with colors corresponding to the four danger levels of a, b, c and d.
The fourth module mine microseismic distribution cloud picture takes a mine roadway base picture as a background, microseismic events are presented on the base picture in a circle shape and a certain color, and a legend on the side is marked with 102J、103J、104J、105J、106J and colors corresponding to the microseismic events above.
And the first module comprehensively analyzes the second module, the third module and the fourth module to obtain the impact risk level of the area. Specifically, when the frequency of 1000m microseismic events in the region is increased by more than 30 percent or when the earthquake sound system shows d danger level, the risk is medium impact risk; the data of the second module stress meter reaches the dangerous threshold time period and the frequency of the microseismic events is increased by more than 30 percent or the earthquake sound system displays d dangerous grade which is the strong impact danger;
the main factor of the deep mine rock burst is static load, the precondition for generating the rock burst is that the static load must be accumulated to be close to the original level again, and the change condition of the coal body static load is determined by a coal body stress monitoring system. After the static load meets the condition, the dynamic load is monitored in a key way, and 10 is within the range of 1000m4Increasing the daily frequency of the J time by more than 30 percent or immediately sending out a rock burst early warning notice when the ground sound monitoring system at the J time has a d danger level, and taking corresponding measures to relieve danger;
according to the early warning method, the static load accumulation is dominant in rock burst, and periodic and normalized pressure relief is carried out on a gravity point area on the basis of determining a danger threshold value, so that the static load of the coal body is effectively released. Meanwhile, the influence of remote mining disturbance is reduced, roof cutting is carried out when necessary, and a dynamic load transmission path is blocked.
Claims (3)
1. A coal mine rock burst prediction early warning method is characterized in that a coal mine rock burst prediction early warning system is adopted, the system specifically comprises an SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system which are installed in a key monitoring area in a well, the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system are respectively connected with a rock burst comprehensive early warning system, and the rock burst comprehensive early warning system is located on the ground; the system comprises an SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, a coal body stress online monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system, wherein the SOS micro-seismic monitoring system, the coal body stress online monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system respectively adopt an SOS micro-seismic, KJ24 coal body stress online and ARES-5/E ground sound monitoring system; the comprehensive early warning system principle is a periodic early warning method for rock burst of a deep mine, and the method comprises four elements of static load accumulation position, static load accumulation period, dynamic load source and dynamic and static load superposition time;
the method is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, determining a roadway needing important monitoring:
actually measuring the distribution characteristics and the danger degree of impact hazard sources in a geological structure area by adopting an earthquake CT technology, detecting by adopting a 24-channel PASAT-M type portable microseismic detection system by adopting the earthquake CT technology, and delimiting a roadway impact danger area, namely a static load accumulation position, by utilizing an obtained distribution graph;
step 2, installing an SOS (sequence of events) microseismic monitoring system, a coal body stress on-line monitoring system and a ground sound monitoring system in the roadway area determined in the step 1, installing a rock burst comprehensive early warning system on the ground, and integrating the SOS microseismic monitoring system, the coal body stress on-line monitoring system and the ground sound monitoring system to the rock burst comprehensive early warning system:
step 2.1, installing not less than 4 microseismic detection probes and 2 ground sound probes near each region of a key monitoring region, installing a plurality of groups of GZY60W mine intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors within a range of 50m in front of and behind a strong impact dangerous region, wherein the group distance of the GZY60W mine intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensors is 20m, each group of holes is combined according to 2 measuring points with different depths, the group internal stress interval is 1m, the hole depths are respectively 8m and 12m, and the hole diameter is 42 mm;
2.2, the GZY60W mining intrinsic safety type drilling stress sensor sends the detected change of the stress field in the coal seam in the key monitoring area to a KJ24-FW mining intrinsic safety type pressure substation in a wireless communication mode, and meanwhile, the KJ24-FW mining intrinsic safety type pressure substation is connected with an upper base station and transmits monitoring data to an underground KJ24 stress online monitoring system to complete real-time monitoring of the change of the stress field in the coal seam caused by mining influence underground;
step 2.3, calculating a dangerous threshold value according to stress of adjacent mines or taking 80% of the maximum coal seam stress before impact ground of a key monitoring area as a dangerous threshold value, then establishing a ledger, counting the interval between two dangerous threshold values as a static load accumulation period, and exploring the rules between the previous accumulation periods;
and step 3, performing impact early warning through the rock burst comprehensive early warning platform.
2. The coal mine rock burst prediction and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises: specifically analyzing a dynamic load source, determining the superposition time of dynamic and static loads by combining geological conditions and mining factors, primarily determining the rock burst early warning time, and performing rock burst early warning through a rock burst comprehensive early warning platform.
3. The method for predicting and warning coal mine rock burst according to claim 2, wherein the dynamic and static load superposition time is determined by ARES-5/E earthquake sound monitoring system monitoring and SOS microseismic monitoring.
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| CN112433245B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2024-03-22 | 陕西彬长孟村矿业有限公司 | Coal mine fault structure prediction and forecast method |
| CN112483174A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Arrangement method of tunneling working face impact dangerous vibration wave CT inversion system |
| CN112595270B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-11-25 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | Roadway deformation monitoring method |
| CN113189673B (en) * | 2021-04-24 | 2022-02-25 | 淮北市平远软岩支护工程技术有限公司 | Key water outlet point inspection device for coping with rock burst and use method |
| CN113266421B (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-05-03 | 北京科技大学 | Comprehensive early warning method for full-dangerous period time and space of rock burst |
| CN113982687B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-05-02 | 安徽理工大学 | Construction method of rock burst negative feedback cloud simulation monitoring and early warning system |
| CN113962466B (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2024-04-30 | 陕西正通煤业有限责任公司 | Dynamic prediction method for impact danger in bending region of rock burst mine based on microseism |
| CN114320293A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-04-12 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Coal pillar type rock burst control method based on electric pulse |
| CN116591777B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-10-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-field multi-source information fusion rock burst intelligent monitoring and early warning device and method |
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| CN101762830B (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2013-01-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Distributed coal mine rock burst monitoring method |
| CN102628373B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2014-04-23 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Impact ground pressure split source comprehensive early-warning method of coal mine |
| CN102644482B (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2014-04-02 | 河南大有能源股份有限公司 | Rock burst predicting and warning method |
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