CN116299680A - Method for dynamically representing equivalent effect of time-space domain of mine microseismic activity - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a mine microseismic activity time-space domain, which comprises the following steps: s1, analyzing the characteristics of microseism activity by using a probability analysis method; s2, preliminarily establishing a mining influence range by a statistical analysis method, and manufacturing projection of a seismic source in a space domain; s3, constructing an impulse and impulse calculation model; and S4, drawing impulse and a pulse diagram, and analyzing the relevance between the microseismic event and the mine disaster based on the impulse and the pulse. The activity of the mine microseism is researched from the comprehensive angles of frequency, energy, impulse and the like by utilizing the microseism impulse and impulse, the microseism family in a certain space-time domain can be analyzed, the cumulative effect and acting force state of the action on the rock mass in the space domain are overcome, and the frequency and energy limitations of the independent research and analysis of the microseism event are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mine safety, and relates to a method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a time-space domain of a mine microseismic activity.
Background
The microseismic technology is an important non-contact monitoring means in the current mine safety field, can accurately position the rock mass fracture activity caused by high stress, and can feed back the internal stress state of the coal rock mass through accurately capturing the microseismic events (fracture activity), so as to further perform stability analysis and prediction. Because the conventional statistical analysis method is often singly used for analysis from the angles of energy size, frequency, spatial distribution and the like, certain limitation exists in the analysis, and a comprehensive analysis method combining a time domain, a space domain and an energy domain is lacked.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements in the art that overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a time-space domain of a mine microseism activity, which overcomes the limitation of frequency and energy of independently researching and analyzing microseism events.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a time-space domain of a mine microseismic activity comprises the following steps: s1, analyzing the characteristics of microseism activity by using a probability analysis method; s2, preliminarily establishing a mining influence range by a statistical analysis method, and manufacturing projection of a seismic source in a space domain; s3, constructing an impulse and impulse calculation model; and S4, drawing impulse and a pulse diagram, and analyzing the relevance between the microseismic event and the mine disaster based on the impulse and the pulse.
Further, step 1.1, the energy of different mine microseism events is different, and a microseism energy spectrum is established to reveal the distribution rule of the minimum energy and the maximum energy of the mine microseism events and the medium energy between the two events; step 1.2, calculating the occurrence rate of microseisms and the probability of the occurrence rate of the microseisms, and revealing the frequency of the microseismic activities in a time domain; and 1.3, calculating the spatial distribution rate of the microseism and the probability of the spatial distribution rate, and revealing the distribution rule of the microseism activity in the spatial domain.
Further, the step of establishing the microseism energy spectrum in the step 1.1 is as follows: first step, for microseism energy E i Taking the logarithm, using E log-i ＝log 10 (E i ) To represent microseismic event energy; and secondly, providing a concept of microseism energy distribution rate, classifying according to the energy of the microseism event, and calculating the occurrence times of the microseism event in a unit energy level difference, wherein the dimension is frequency/J. Revealing occurrence rules of events with different energy magnitudes in the microseism activity process by utilizing the energy distribution rate; thirdly, calculating the probability of the microseism energy distribution rate, establishing a probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate, and analyzing the probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate to reveal the occurrence possibility of the microseism events with different energies in the mining process.
Further, the step 1.2 comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the occurrence rate of microseism, namely the frequency of occurrence of microseism events in a unit time period, so as to reveal the frequency of microseism activities in a time domain; the second step, calculating the probability of the occurrence rate of the microseism, wherein the calculating method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the N microseismic events are assumed to co-occur in a certain space and time range, and the time range is divided into a plurality of time groups t in unit time period delta t k Respectively counting each group of micro-organismsFrequency of occurrence of seismic event +.>
Then (2) is->
As variables, respectively find that have the same +.>
Time period number +.>
And thirdly, drawing a probability density curve of the microseism incidence, wherein the probability of the microseism incidence is taken as an abscissa, and the probability of the microseism incidence is taken as an ordinate, so that the probability density curve of the microseism incidence can be obtained.
Further, the step 1.3 comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating the microseism space distribution rate, namely the frequency of occurrence of microseism events in a unit space region, so as to reveal the distribution rule of microseism activities in the space region; secondly, calculating the probability of the microseism space distribution rate; thirdly, calculating the probability of the spatial distribution rate of the microseism event according to a fixed working surface coordinate system; the calculation method of the fixed working face coordinate system comprises the following steps:
wherein N is the number of times of micro-earthquakes co-occurring in a certain space and time range, deltax is the unit distance in the direction of trend with the fixed working surface position as the origin, x k For distance group in the direction of travel with fixed working surface position as origin, < >>
For each set of microseismic events.
Further, the projection of the seismic source in the spatial domain in the step S2 includes projection of the microseism event on a plane view of the working surface, projection on a trend profile, wherein the X-axis is trend coordinates, and the Y-axis is trend coordinates; firstly, calculating and manufacturing a horizontal projection graph; the horizontal projection view is to project the microseism event on a working surface plan view, and through the microseism event position on the microseism horizontal projection view, the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and explained on the plane; step two, calculating and manufacturing a trend projection graph; the trend projection graph is used for projecting the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, the trend position and the horizon of the microseism event are found through the trend projection graph, and the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and interpreted on a plane, so that the strain height of an overlying stratum is judged; thirdly, calculating and manufacturing a tendency projection graph; the trend projection graph is used for projecting the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, and the trend position of the microseism event is found through the trend projection graph, so that the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and explained on the plane, and the distance and the distribution rule of the microseism event from the top and bottom plates of the coal seam can be found conveniently.
Further, the impulse calculation model constructed in step S3 includes the following steps: firstly, regarding a microseismic propagation medium coal rock mass as an elastic medium based on an elastic wave theory, and establishing an expression of energy density in unit volume:
wherein: the stress and strain relationship in a uniform isotropic fully elastic medium is: />
Wherein: sigma (sigma) xx ,σ yy ,σ zz ,ε xx ,ε yy ,ε zz Positive stress and positive strain components, respectively; τ xz ,τ yz ,τ xy ,ε xz ,ε yz ,ε xy Shear stress and shear strain components, respectively; lambda, mu and theta are respectively the plum pulling coefficient and the volume strain;
secondly, according to Newton's second law, analyzing the stress state of the object in unit volume, further calculating the force received in unit volume, and calculating the relation between the energy density and the stress; the energy density versus stress relationship is as follows:
thirdly, calculating the total energy in a time-space domain (V, T), wherein the total energy in the time-space domain is:
when->
For the average energy density at time t in the spatial domain V, the total energy in the spatial domain is: />
Fourthly, combining impulse theory in theoretical mechanics research to deduce an impulse calculation model on a time-space domain; since energy density is a function of force, there is a force system function
From time 0 to time T, when acting on a rock mass in the spatial domain V, the impulse is: />
The total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) is the product of the spatial domain volume and the impulse: e=v·m (V, T).
Further, the total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) is based on the product of the space domain volume and the impulse: e=v·m (V, T), the overall impulse is calculated
Calculating the total time-space domain microseismic impulse +.>
Wherein: f is projected in x, y and z axis directions as F x ，F y ，F z 。
Further, in step S4, the impulse and impulse diagram are drawn by the following steps: step 4.1, sorting the collected microseismic data, and storing according to a specified rule, wherein each group of data comprises key information of earthquake onset time, earthquake focus position and energy; step 4.2, combining with the theoretical analysis of the mine pressure, preliminarily setting a potential risk area, carrying out clustering treatment on microseismic data by using a k-means algorithm, and removing an abnormal positioning result; step 4.3, setting corresponding calculation parameters; and 4.4, calculating impulse/impulse of a microseismic event in a unit time period, analyzing microseismic activity characteristics and a coal rock mass stress state (external action effect) under the mining condition of the working face by using the index, and further analyzing the mine disaster risk.
Further, the index analysis includes the steps of: firstly, reasonably setting impulse/impulse projection grid surface elements according to the size of a working surface and the distribution height of an overlying strata; selecting microseism events in a specified time period for statistics, calculating the impulse of the surface elements, and projecting the impulse on a plane graph to obtain a microseism impulse plane surface element distribution diagram in the time period; thirdly, counting the micro-seismic impulse of the appointed time period by taking time as an axis, and obtaining the change condition of the micro-seismic impulse of each area of the appointed working surface which changes along with time; meanwhile, taking time as a vertical axis and trend coordinates as a horizontal axis, and solving a space-time distribution diagram of microseism impulse in the trend direction of the working surface; and fourthly, intuitively acquiring the change condition of the microseismic activity in the designated time by utilizing the space-time distribution diagram, and deducing a potential abnormal region.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects: the method starts from the definition of the mechanical energy and the energy density of elastic waves, and refers to the concept of impulse in theoretical mechanics, so that the concept of microseism impulse and impulse is provided, the method is used for dynamically representing the energy change in the time-space domain of a mine microseism event, and meanwhile, the calculation formula of the microseism impulse and impulse is deduced. By combining theory and method such as probability theory and mathematical statistics, and the like, the activity of mine microseism is researched from comprehensive angles such as frequency, energy and impulse by utilizing microseism impulse and impulse, microseism families in a certain space-time domain can be analyzed, the cumulative effect and acting force state of the action in the rock mass in the space domain are overcome, and the frequency and energy limitations of independently researching and analyzing microseism events are overcome.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the drawings described below are merely exemplary and that other embodiments may be derived from the drawings provided without undue effort.
The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the present specification are shown only for the purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, so that any structural modifications, changes in proportions, or adjustments of sizes, which do not affect the efficacy or the achievement of the present invention, should fall within the ambit of the technical disclosure.
Fig. 1 is a technical roadmap provided by the invention.
FIG. 2 is a horizontal projection view of a subsurface source event provided by the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a projection view of the strike of the seismic source on the working surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view of the source dip of the face provided by the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a display diagram of a microseismic event clustering optimization result provided by the invention.
FIG. 6 is a histogram of microseism occurrence provided by the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph of energy ranges for microseismic events provided by the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a microseismic location and energy level distribution map (6 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a plot of microseism frequency planes (6 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a microseismic impulse planform distribution (6 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a microseismic impulse plane distribution graph (6 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a microseismic impulse planform distribution (1-6 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a microseismic impulse plane distribution graph (7-11 months) provided by the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a time-space distribution diagram (1-11 months) of microseism pulses provided by the present invention.
FIG. 15 is a time-space distribution diagram (1-11 months) of microseism impact provided by the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a graph of microseism time series versus events provided by the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a graph of microseism impulse and frequency versus accident provided by the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a diagram of microseism event sources versus events provided by the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a graph of microseism impulse versus accident provided by the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a graph of microseism frequency versus accident provided by the present invention.
FIG. 21 is a graph of microseism impact versus accident provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings. The description of these embodiments is provided to assist understanding of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, a method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a time-space domain of a mine microseismic activity comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the characteristics of microseism activity by using a probability analysis method;
step S2, a mining influence range is preliminarily established by a statistical analysis method, and working face plane diagrams and section diagrams of microseismic event statistical results are respectively manufactured and displayed from the engineering application perspective;
and S3, providing impulse, impulse concept and calculation models, and manufacturing impulse distribution diagrams.
Similar to natural earthquakes, the characteristics of mine microseism activity (sometimes called earthquake activity) refer to the space-time distribution characteristics of geometrical parameters such as the earthquake focus position and the earthquake onset time of microseism events and the change characteristics of earthquake focus physical parameters such as microseism frequency and microseism energy. The purpose of the microseism activity feature study was to: and the correlation among the parameters is utilized to reveal the occurrence and evolution rule of the mine microseism, so that the mining microseism is a production safety service for mining engineering. The data source of the research is mainly the microseism focus parameters and the derivative parameters thereof. Most of the mine microseism is caused by mining of mines, and the time, position and energy change characteristics of microseism events are researched, so that the mine microseism activity rules can be known.
The specific method of step S1 is as follows:
step 1.1, establishing a microseism energy spectrum of different mine microseism events with different energy sizes so as to reveal the distribution rule of minimum energy and maximum energy of the mine microseism events and medium energy between the minimum energy and the maximum energy of the mine microseism events.
First step, for microseism energy E i Taking the logarithm, using E log-i ＝log 10 (E i ) To represent microseismic event energy.
Log energy E of different microseismic events log-i The range of variation lies between 0 and tens of times, and the microseism spectrum represented by the logarithmic energy is called microseism log energy spectrum.
And secondly, providing a concept of microseism energy distribution rate, classifying according to the energy of the microseism event, and calculating the occurrence times of the microseism event in a unit energy level difference, wherein the dimension is frequency/J. The occurrence rules of different energy events in the microseism activity process are revealed by using the energy distribution rate.
Third, the probability of microseism energy distribution rate, i.e. the probability of occurrence of microseism events with a certain specific energy, is calculated. The calculation steps are as follows:
assuming that N microseismic events co-occur within a certain spatial and temporal range, the log energy is E respectively log-i (i=1, 2,3, … N) in unit log energy level differences (e.g. ΔE) log =1) grouping group distances so that it can be divided into several energy groups e k Respectively counting the occurrence frequency of each group of microseism events
The percentage of each set of frequencies to the total number of microseismic events (i.e., frequency percentage, also referred to as probability) can be found:
if the microseism logarithmic energy level group distance is taken as an abscissa, the frequency percentage is taken as an ordinate, and a relation curve of the logarithmic energy level-frequency percentage is drawn, so that a probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate can be obtained. By analyzing the probability density curve of the microseismic energy distribution rate, the probability of occurrence of different energy microseismic events during the mining process can be revealed. Providing basis for forecasting earthquake activity rules and the like by utilizing microseism event energy.
Step 1.2, calculating the occurrence rate of the microseisms and the probability of the occurrence rate of the microseisms, and revealing the frequency of the microseisms in a time domain.
First, the microseism occurrence rate, that is, the number of times of occurrence of microseism events in a unit time period, for example, the number of times of occurrence of microseism events in one hour, is calculated, and the dimension is frequency/hour (frequency/h). It may reveal how frequently microseismic activity is in the time domain.
Second, the probability of microseismic occurrence is calculated, which refers to the probability of J (j=0, 1,2,3,..j) microseismic events occurring per unit time period. The probability calculation method of the microseism incidence rate comprises the following steps:
wherein, it is assumed that N microseismic events co-occur within a certain space and time range, the time range is divided into a plurality of time groups t in unit time periods (such as delta t=1 hour) k Respectively counting the occurrence frequency of each group of microseism events
Then (2) is->
As variables, respectively find that have the same +.>
Time period number +.>
And thirdly, drawing a probability density curve of the occurrence rate of the microseism.
The probability density curve of the microseism incidence can be obtained by taking the microseism incidence as an abscissa and the probability of the microseism incidence as an ordinate. By analyzing the probability distribution of the microseism occurrence rate, the time interval of occurrence of adjacent microseism events in the mining process can be predicted, and whether the mine microseism activity is in a calm period, a normal activity period or a frequent activity period or an abnormal activity period can be judged.
And 1.3, calculating the spatial distribution rate of the microseism and the probability of the spatial distribution rate, and revealing the distribution rule of the microseism activity in the spatial domain.
First, the microseism space distribution rate, namely the frequency of occurrence of microseism events in a unit space area, is calculated, wherein the dimension is frequency/cubic meter (frequency/m 3 ) To reveal the distribution of microseismic activity in the spatial domain.
And secondly, calculating the probability of the microseism space distribution rate, namely the probability of microseism occurrence in different unit space areas.
And thirdly, calculating the probability of the spatial distribution rate of the microseismic events according to a fixed working surface coordinate system, wherein the probability can be divided into the probabilities of the distribution rate in three directions based on the trend, the tendency and the vertical direction of the fixed working surface. The fixed working face coordinate system is a dynamic coordinate system which takes the mining face as a reference and changes along with the change of accumulated footage, and the spatial relationship between the microseism event and the production activity position can be clearly described by adopting the fixed working face coordinate system.
(1) Distance group x in fixed working face trend direction k And drawing a distance group-occurrence frequency percentage relation curve with the abscissa and the ordinate as the frequency percentage, and obtaining a microseism probability density curve based on the trend direction of the fixed working surface. By analyzing the probability density distribution, it can be revealed that the distance groups x are different based on the trend direction of the fixed working surface in the mining process k The likelihood of a microseismic event occurring. The calculation method of the probability based on the fixed working face trend distribution rate comprises the following steps:
wherein, supposing that N times of microseisms co-occur in a certain space and time range, the trend direction taking the fixed working surface position as the origin is divided into a plurality of distance groups x by unit distance (such as Deltax=10 meters) k Respectively counting the occurrence frequency of each group of microseism events
The percentage (i.e., probability) of each set of frequencies to the total number of microseismic events can be found.
(2) Based on the probability of fixing the face-prone direction, the vertical direction:
P y (△y)＝N y (△y)/N (4)
P z (△z)＝N z (△z)/N (5)
by analyzing probability distribution of microseism distribution rates in three directions, the distance relation between the source position of a microseism event and the disturbance source position causing microseism can be revealed, and sporadic areas, multiple areas, frequent areas and high-frequency areas of mine microseism activities can be judged.
And S2, preliminarily establishing a mining influence range by a statistical analysis method, and respectively manufacturing and displaying a working face plan view and a section view of the microseismic event statistical result from the engineering application perspective.
The projection of the seismic source in the space domain is to project the microseism event in a working plane plan view, a trend sectional view and a trend sectional view, and the three projection views form the space distribution of the microseism event. The method mainly comprises the following steps:
and 2.1, calculating a microseismic event statistical analysis result, and projecting the result onto a plan, wherein an X axis is a trend coordinate, and a Y axis is a trend coordinate.
First, a horizontal projection map is calculated and produced. As shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal projection view is a view of the microseismic events projected onto a working surface plan, from which the microseismic event locations on the microseismic horizontal projection view can be analyzed on the plane to interpret the microseismic activity features.
And secondly, calculating and manufacturing a trend projection graph. As shown in FIG. 3, the trend projection graph is to project the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, and the trend position and the horizon of the microseism event are found through the trend projection graph, so that the microseism activity characteristic can be analyzed and interpreted on a plane, and the strain height of the overlying strata can be judged.
And thirdly, calculating and manufacturing a tendency projection graph. As shown in FIG. 4, the trend projection graph is to project the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, and the trend position of the microseism event is found through the trend projection graph, so that the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and explained on the plane, and the distance and the distribution rule of the microseism event from the top and bottom plates of the coal seam can be found conveniently.
And S3, providing impulse, impulse concept and calculation models, and manufacturing impulse distribution diagrams.
From the point of view of stress-strain relationships in elastography and seismography, the generation of mechanical energy by a strain body is related to the work done by the acting force acting on the strain body, the concept of work is related to the time of action of the force, and therefore the energy of a seismogram event is also related to the time and space position of the acting force, and therefore the energy of a seismogram event is also related to the "subdivision degree" of time space. Thus, impulse and impulse concepts are presented.
And 3.1, constructing an impulse and impulse calculation model.
The frequency and energy of the micro-seismic event can be researched and analyzed only by reflecting one side face of the micro-seismic activity, and the comprehensive research on the frequency and energy of the micro-seismic event can be performed in a certain space-time domain. Based on the method, based on the earthquake wave dynamics theory, the time-space domain equivalent action effect of microseismic activity in the coal rock mass is analyzed.
First, based on elastic wave theory, taking a microseismic propagation medium coal rock mass as an elastic medium, and establishing an expression of energy density in unit volume.
From seismic wave dynamics studies, it is known that in the whole strain process of an elastic medium, the work done by stress is equal to the mechanical energy of the elastic body in a strain state, and the mechanical energy is equal to the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. The energy of an object per unit volume is referred to as energy density e and can be expressed by the following stress-strain relationship:
wherein: the stress and strain relationship in a uniform isotropic fully elastic medium is:
wherein: sigma (sigma) xx ,σ yy ,σ zz ,ε xx ,ε yy ,ε zz Positive stress and positive strain components, respectively; τ xz ,τ yz ,τ xy ,ε xz ,ε yz ,ε xy Shear stress and shear strain components, respectively; lambda, mu and theta are the coefficient of the plum pulling and the volume strain respectively.
And secondly, according to Newton's second law, analyzing the stress state of the object in unit volume, further calculating the force received in unit volume, and calculating the relation between the energy density and the stress.
From Newton's second law, the force F exerted on an object per unit volume unit The method comprises the following steps:
the expression (7) and the expression (8) are simultaneously substituted into the expression (6), and after finishing, the relationship between the energy density and the stress can be obtained as follows:
it follows that the energy density is a function of force.
Third, based on the above deductions, the total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) is calculated.
If the space-time domain under investigation is of size (V, T), the total energy in this space-time domain is:
order the
For the average energy density at time t in the spatial domain V, the total energy in the spatial domain is:
and fourthly, combining impulse theory in theoretical mechanics research to deduce an impulse calculation model in a time-space domain.
As the energy density is a function of force, it is known that there is a force system in comparison with impulse concepts in theoretical mechanics researchFunction of
From time 0 to time T, when acting on a rock mass in the spatial domain V, the impulse is:
thus, the total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) is the product of the spatial domain volume and the impulse:
E＝V·M(V,T) (13)
and 3.2, constructing impulse and impulse calculation models based on the expression mode of total energy in the space-time domain in the previous step and combining the relative characteristics of the mine microseismic source.
First, establishing a micro-seismic impulse calculation model in a space-time domain.
According to the concept of source and source relativity, if the time-space domain is "subdivided" into multidimensional grids, the total energy is the sum of the energies from N microseismic events (the source location and the time of origin may be located in different grids), assuming that the source energy of the ith microseismic event is e i (i=1, 2,3 … N), then the sum of microseismic energies in the space-time domain is:
comparison of equation (6-13) and equation (6-14) yields: the impulse of a rock mass based on a time-space domain (V, T) is equal to the sum of all microseismic energy in the time-space domain divided by the volume, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the above-described impulse is referred to as a microseism impulse because it is caused by the microseism.
In theoretical mechanics research, the concept of impulse describes the cumulative effect of a force on an object over a period of time. As with the impulse concept in theoretical mechanics, microseismic impulses are no longer the effect of looking at a single microseismic event, but rather reflect the cumulative effect of a family of microseismic events occurring in a space domain on the effects of a rock mass in that space domain, e.g., the cumulative effect of multiple small energy events on the rock mass may be equivalent to the effect of a single large energy event on the rock mass, where the microseismic impulses are the same. Therefore, the microseism impulse organically links the earthquake starting time, the earthquake focus position, the frequency and the energy of the microseism event, reflects the comprehensive characteristics of the microseism activity and is also the concrete embodiment of the earthquake focus relativity.
And secondly, establishing a micro-seismic impulse calculation model in the space-time domain.
According to the relation between the acting force and the impulse, the time derivative of the impulse is equal to the acting force, so that the microseism impulse is derived, and the force acting on the grid body can be obtained as follows:
also, F is defined herein as microseismic impact. Wherein: f is projected in x, y and z axis directions as F x ，F y ，F z 。
And 4, drawing impulse and impulse diagrams, and analyzing the relevance between the microseismic event and the mine disaster based on the impulse and the impulse.
And 4.1, sorting the collected microseismic data, and storing according to a specified rule, wherein each group of data contains key information such as the time of earthquake onset, the position of a seismic source (X, Y, Z three-dimensional coordinates), the energy and the like.
And 4.2, preliminarily setting a potential risk area by combining with the theoretical analysis of the mine pressure, clustering microseismic data by using a k-means algorithm, and removing an abnormal positioning result.
Firstly, combining with the theoretical analysis of the mine pressure, preliminarily setting a potential risk area, and dividing the occurrence probability of the microseism event into areas.
And secondly, clustering the data in the first step by using a k-means algorithm, clustering the microseismic data, and removing an abnormal positioning result.
Step 4.3, setting corresponding calculation parameters, such as 1h for unit time interval and 1m for unit volume 3 When the statistical analysis of the fixed working face is performed, the step pitch is set to 10m. When plane and section display is carried out, the grid size needs to be set, the plane projection can be set to be 50m multiplied by 50m, and the section projection needs to be set to be 10m by considering that the Z axis is smaller.
And 4.4, calculating impulse/impulse of the microseismic event in a unit time period, and analyzing the characteristics of microseismic activity under the mining condition of the working face by using the index to reveal the potential risk of the area.
In the first step, impulse/impulse projection grid surface elements are reasonably set according to the size of a working surface and the distribution height of an overlying strata,
and secondly, selecting microseism events in a specified time period for statistics, calculating the impulse of the surface elements, and projecting the impulse on a plane graph to obtain a microseism impulse plane surface element distribution diagram in the time period.
And thirdly, counting the micro-seismic impulse of the designated time period by taking time as an axis, and obtaining the change condition of the micro-seismic impulse of each area of the designated working surface which changes along with time (the impulse calculation result is projected onto a plane diagram and displayed in a thermodynamic diagram form). Meanwhile, the time is taken as a vertical axis, the trend coordinate is taken as a horizontal axis, and a space-time distribution diagram of microseism impulse in the trend direction of the working surface is obtained.
And fourthly, intuitively acquiring the change condition of the microseismic activity in the designated time by utilizing the space-time distribution diagram, and deducing a potential abnormal region.
In order to examine impulse or impulse describing the characteristics of the microseism activity of the mine, microseism data of a certain mine in Henan is selected as an analysis case.
(1) Impulse and impulse calculation process
These data were from the working face of the qianqian mine 21141, the microseism monitoring system was produced from ESG in canada, the monitoring period was between 1 st 2010 and 11 th and 30 th 2010, and for more clarity in describing the course of microseism activity in mines using microseism impulses, data at time intervals of one month was chosen as the analysis period, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 qianqiu mine seismic event and data (2010)
Analysis of the data in table 1 over each month can find: microseism events occur continuously near the working surface as the mining footage increases, but the frequency of occurrence is different every month, and the energy ranges of the microseism are also different.
And 2, carrying out statistical analysis on the data in the time period to obtain corresponding frequency and energy statistical results.
Fig. 6 and 7 show the frequency of microseismic events and the energy range of microseismic events per month, respectively, with the abscissa being month (from 1 month to 11 months in 2010). As can be seen from analysis of fig. 6 and 7, the general trend of the microseism occurrence frequency is to exhibit a month-to-month increasing phenomenon from 1 month to 11 months near the working face of the qianqian mine 21141, which indicates that the microseism occurrence frequency is more and more frequent, but the trend of the minimum energy and the maximum energy in the microseism event is substantially unchanged. During this time period, the frequency and energy range of the microseism may be used to characterize the microseism activity, respectively.
Further analyzing the occurrence frequency of the microseism of 5 months and 6 months and the minimum energy and the maximum energy in the microseism event, wherein the occurrence frequency and the minimum energy and the maximum energy in the microseism event are inversely proportional, and indicating that the more frequent the microseism occurs, the smaller the maximum energy in the microseism event is. For this phenomenon, it is difficult to characterize microseismic activity separately using frequency or energy.
And 3, calculating impulse/impulse of the microseismic event in the time period, and analyzing the safety risk of the target area by using the index.
To effectively analyze microseismic activity characteristics, 6 months microseismic events near the working face of the qianqian mine 21141 were selected, and a plan projection graph and its frequency distribution graph were drawn, as shown in fig. 8 and 9. In the figure, the microseism event distribution area with large energy and the area with high occurrence frequency of the microseism event are not together and are respectively distributed on different sides of the working surface.
For the rock mass near the working surface of the qianqian 21141, 50m×50m is used for dividing grid surface elements, 6 months of microseism events are selected to be used as surface element impulse calculation, and a 6 month microseism impulse plane surface element distribution diagram is obtained, as shown in fig. 10, the maximum value distribution position of the surface element impulse is found out from the diagram, and is not in a high-energy microseism event distribution area or a microseism event occurrence frequency area. Fig. 11 is a corresponding microseismic impulse profile.
Fig. 12 and 13 show microseismic impulse plane profiles (1-11 months) in which the plane surface element microseismic impulse distribution is different for each month, and these different changes reflect the changes in the microseismic activity characteristics between 1 month and 11 months.
Fig. 14 shows a spatiotemporal profile (1-11 months) of microseismic impulses in the direction of the working face, with the peak area of the microseismic impulses for each month of the planar surface element of the figure, with the progressive progress of the mining, moving and changing correspondingly, the profile being different, these movements and changes also reflecting the changes in the characteristics of the microseismic activity between 1 month and 11 months. The microseism activity is obvious in the middle ten days of 1 month, the bottom 4 months or the first two periods of 5 months by carefully analyzing the 800 m position in the graph; at 1000 meters, seismic activity was evident at the beginning of 1 month, at the end of 3 months and in the middle of 10 months. It can be inferred that there is a certain abnormality at 800 meters and 1000 meters. FIG. 15 shows a spatiotemporal profile (1-11 months) of microseismic impact forces in the direction of the face strike.
(2) And analyzing the coal mine disasters by using impulse and impulse.
The microseism activity and accident relation analysis functional module mainly comprises the following two types:
step 1: analysis of time relation of microseism event and accident
The relationship between the microseism event and the accident is that the microseism event and the coal cannon event or the mine earthquake event data are displayed at the same time coordinate, so that a dynamic microseism event sequence chart and a coal cannon event (mine earthquake event) sequence chart are obtained, and the relationship between the microseism event and the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is reflected in a space-time domain, as shown in fig. 16 and 17.
Step 2: analysis of spatiotemporal relationship of microseism event and accident
Case 1: source location and energy to accident space-time relationship.
As shown in fig. 18, in the same time-space domain, microseism event and coal cannon (mine earthquake) event or mine earthquake event data are displayed simultaneously, so that the relationship between the microseism event and the accident is obtained, and further the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is predicted and forecasted.
Case 2: impulse versus accident.
As shown in fig. 19, the relationship between impulse and accident is that in the same space-time domain, microseism impulse is displayed in the form of contour, and meanwhile, the existing coal cannon event or mine earthquake event data are displayed, so that a comprehensive display diagram of dynamic impulse and coal cannon event (mine earthquake event) is obtained, and the relationship between impulse and coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is found in the space-time domain, and further, the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is predicted and forecasted.
Case 3: frequency and accident.
As shown in fig. 20, the relationship between the frequency and the accident is that in the same space-time domain, the microseism frequency is displayed in an equivalent line form, and meanwhile, the existing coal cannon event or mine earthquake event data is displayed, so that a dynamic comprehensive display diagram of the frequency and the coal cannon event (mine earthquake event) is obtained, the relationship between the frequency and the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is found in the space-time domain, and further, the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is predicted and forecasted.
Case 4: relationship of impact force to accident.
As shown in fig. 21, the relationship between impulse and accident is that in the same space-time domain, microseism impulse is displayed in a vector form, and meanwhile, the existing coal cannon event or mine earthquake event data are displayed, so that a dynamic impulse distribution diagram and a comprehensive display diagram of the coal cannon event (mine earthquake event) are obtained, and therefore, the special rules of impulse and the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) are found in the space-time domain, and further, the coal cannon event (mine earthquake) is predicted and forecasted.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and yet fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for dynamically representing the equivalent effect of a time-space domain of a mine microseismic activity is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, analyzing the characteristics of microseism activity by using a probability analysis method; s2, preliminarily establishing a mining influence range by a statistical analysis method, and manufacturing projection of a seismic source in a space domain; s3, constructing an impulse and impulse calculation model; and S4, drawing impulse and a pulse diagram, and analyzing the relevance between the microseismic event and the mine disaster based on the impulse and the pulse.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the probability analysis method in the step S1 is as follows: step 1.1, different mine microseism events have different energy magnitudes, and a microseism energy spectrum is established to reveal the distribution rule of minimum energy and maximum energy of the mine microseism events and medium energy between the minimum energy and the maximum energy of the mine microseism events; step 1.2, calculating the occurrence rate of microseisms and the probability of the occurrence rate of the microseisms, and revealing the frequency of the microseismic activities in a time domain; and 1.3, calculating the spatial distribution rate of the microseism and the probability of the spatial distribution rate, and revealing the distribution rule of the microseism activity in the spatial domain.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the step of establishing the microseism energy spectrum in the step 1.1 is as follows: first step, for microseism energy E i Taking the logarithm, using E log-i ＝log 10 (E i ) To represent microseismic event energy; secondly, providing a concept of microseism energy distribution rate according to the energy of the microseism eventClassifying, and calculating the occurrence times of microseism events in the unit energy level difference, wherein the dimension is frequency/J; revealing occurrence rules of events with different energy magnitudes in the microseism activity process by utilizing the energy distribution rate; thirdly, calculating the probability of the microseism energy distribution rate, establishing a probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate, and analyzing the probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate to reveal the occurrence possibility of the microseism events with different energies in the mining process.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the probability density curve is calculated by the following steps: assuming that N microseismic events co-occur within a certain spatial and temporal range, the log energy is E respectively log-i (i=1, 2,3, … N), energy level difference Δe in unit log log Grouping group distances so that they can be divided into a plurality of energy groups e k Respectively counting the occurrence frequency of each group of microseism events
The percentage of each set of frequencies to the total number of microseismic events can be found:
and drawing a relation curve of logarithmic energy level-frequency percentage by taking the microseism logarithmic energy level group distance as an abscissa and the frequency percentage as an ordinate, so as to obtain a probability density curve of the microseism energy distribution rate.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the steps adopted in the step 1.2 are as follows:
firstly, calculating the occurrence rate of microseism, namely the frequency of occurrence of microseism events in a unit time period, so as to reveal the frequency of microseism activities in a time domain;
the second step, calculating the probability of the occurrence rate of the microseism, wherein the calculating method comprises the following steps:
wherein, the N microseismic events are assumed to co-occur in a certain space and time range, and the time range is divided into a plurality of time groups t in unit time period delta t k Counting the occurrence frequency of each group of microseism events>
Then (2) is->
As variables, respectively find that have the same +.>
Time period number +.>
And thirdly, drawing a probability density curve of the microseism incidence, wherein the probability of the microseism incidence is taken as an abscissa, and the probability of the microseism incidence is taken as an ordinate, so that the probability density curve of the microseism incidence can be obtained.
6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the steps adopted in the step 1.3 are as follows:
firstly, calculating the microseism space distribution rate, namely the frequency of occurrence of microseism events in a unit space region, so as to reveal the distribution rule of microseism activities in the space region;
secondly, calculating the probability of the microseism space distribution rate;
thirdly, calculating the probability of the spatial distribution rate of the microseism event according to a fixed working surface coordinate system; the calculation method of the fixed working face coordinate system comprises the following steps:
wherein N is the number of times of micro-earthquakes co-occurring in a certain space and time range, and Deltax is the trend direction taking the position of a fixed working surface as the originUnit distance, x k For distance group in the direction of travel with fixed working surface position as origin, < >>
For each set of microseismic events.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the projection of the seismic source in the space domain in the step S2 comprises the projection of the microseism event on a working surface plane view, the projection of the microseism event on a trend sectional view and the projection of the microseism event on a trend sectional view, wherein an X axis is trend coordinates and a Y axis is trend coordinates;
firstly, calculating and manufacturing a horizontal projection graph; the horizontal projection view is to project the microseism event on a working surface plan view, and through the microseism event position on the microseism horizontal projection view, the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and explained on the plane;
step two, calculating and manufacturing a trend projection graph; the trend projection graph is used for projecting the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, the trend position and the horizon of the microseism event are found through the trend projection graph, and the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and interpreted on a plane, so that the strain height of an overlying stratum is judged;
thirdly, calculating and manufacturing a tendency projection graph; the trend projection graph is used for projecting the microseism event onto the trend section graph of the working surface, and the trend position of the microseism event is found through the trend projection graph, so that the microseism activity characteristics can be analyzed and explained on the plane, and the distance and the distribution rule of the microseism event from the top and bottom plates of the coal seam can be found conveniently.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the impulse and impulse calculation model construction in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
firstly, regarding a microseismic propagation medium coal rock mass as an elastic medium based on an elastic wave theory, and establishing an expression of energy density in unit volume:
wherein: the stress and strain relationship in a uniform isotropic fully elastic medium is: />
Wherein: sigma (sigma) xx ,σ yy ,σ zz ,ε xx ,ε yy ,ε zz Positive stress and positive strain components, respectively; τ xz ,τ yz ,τ xy ,ε xz ,ε yz ,ε xy Shear stress and shear strain components, respectively; lambda, mu and theta are respectively the plum pulling coefficient and the volume strain;
secondly, according to Newton's second law, analyzing the stress state of the object in unit volume, further calculating the force received in unit volume, and calculating the relation between the energy density and the stress; the energy density versus stress relationship is as follows:
thirdly, calculating the total energy in a time-space domain (V, T), wherein the total energy in the time-space domain is:
when->
For the average energy density at time t in the spatial domain V, the total energy in the spatial domain is: />
Fourthly, combining impulse theory in theoretical mechanics research to deduce an impulse calculation model on a time-space domain; since energy density is a function of force, there is a force system function
From time 0 to time T, when acting on a rock mass in the spatial domain V, the impulse is: />
The total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) is the product of the spatial domain volume and the impulse:
E＝V·M(V,T)。
9. the method according to claim 7, wherein: based on the total energy in the time-space domain (V, T) as the product of the spatial domain volume and impulse: e=v·m (V, T), the overall impulse is calculated
Calculating the total time-space domain microseismic impulse +.>
Wherein: f is projected in x, y and z axis directions as F x ，F y ，F z 。
10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S4, impulse and impulse diagrams are drawn by adopting the following steps: step 4.1, sorting the collected microseismic data, and storing according to a specified rule, wherein each group of data comprises key information of earthquake onset time, earthquake focus position and energy; step 4.2, combining with the theoretical analysis of the mine pressure, preliminarily setting a potential risk area, carrying out clustering treatment on microseismic data by using a k-means algorithm, and removing an abnormal positioning result; step 4.3, setting corresponding calculation parameters; and 4.4, calculating impulse/impulse of a microseismic event in a unit time period, analyzing microseismic activity characteristics and a coal rock mass stress state under the mining condition of the working face by using the index, and further analyzing the mine disaster risk.
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