CN109854303A - Underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning - Google Patents
Underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning, belong to mine rock-burst monitoring early warning technology field.The following steps are included: step 1: determining the parameter of mine underground tunnel and getting working face；Step 2: building mine microquake monitors system；Step 3: the crustal stress during mining is determined；Step 4: microseismic activity rate during mining is determined；Step 5: crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining are determined；Step 6: crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate parameter during mining is determined；Step 7: rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion during mining is determined.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: mine underground exploitation engineering crustal stress and microseismic activity rate are carried out coupled inferring simultaneously, the coupling integration dynamic Forecast parameter of mine underground exploitation engineering crustal stress and microseismic activity rate is determined and established with this, and carries out Monitoring and forecasting system in real-time with rock burst hazard of the parameter to mine underground exploitation engineering.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning, belong to mine rock-burst monitoring early warning technology
Field.
Background technique
In recent years, with the increase year by year of China's mining depth, many mining area bump problems are increasingly severe.
Mine bump is that the pressure in coal and rock is more than strength degree, and the energy accumulated in around tunnel or stope in coal and rock is prominent
In roadway explosive accident occurs for so release, and coal petrography is thrown to tunnel, is simultaneously emitted by the violent sound by power, is that a kind of exploit lures
The Mine Earthquakes of hair, even more a kind of disaster not only cause coal and rock vibration and destruction, part tunnel to be caving destruction, bracket and set
The destruction of standby damage, casualties, above ground structure etc., can also cause gas and coal-dust explosion, fire and floods, and interference is logical
Wind system seriously threatens the safety in production in mine.Since the generation of this disaster generally has no apparent macroscopic premonitory, at that time
Between on sudden, process transience sharply and the complexity on geological conditions, cause to carry out it prediction and warning also at
For underground mining engineering field problem.
Currently, although proposing a variety of Prediction for Rock Burst theory and methods, due in production practices, each underground mining miner
Journey all has the characteristics that oneself, and there are many factor for influencing rock burst, and the accurate prediction of rock burst also cannot achieve.In general, traditional
Rockburst Prediction Method can be summarized as three classes: the first kind is the various rock burst criterions established according to rock burst genesis mechanism, main to wrap
Include 1. strength theory criterion；2. energy theory criterion；3. brittleness index criterion；Second class is the rock burst based on field monitoring data
Prediction technique；Third class is each the considerations of using for reference the Method and kit in the related disciplines such as mathematics and system analysis engineering field, establish
The Rockburst Prediction Method that kind combined factors influence.
But there is following both sides in the above method: although (1) generation of rock burst is related with various factors,
The effect that each influence factor plays rock burst is of different sizes, how in integrated forecasting to the importance of different affecting factors
It is evaluated, it is most important to the accuracy and reasonability of prediction result.Common importance evaluation method has Delphi method, layer
Fractional analysis, gray relative analysis method, departure method etc..Delphi method evaluation mainly needs expert to provide opinion, subjective colo(u)r
Heavier, artifical influence factor is larger；Gray relative analysis method is mainly used for analyzing continuous data, for rock burst, point
Analysis data are continuous data, and rock burst grade is discrete data, and whether grey correlation analysis is feasible to remain to be discussed；Departure method exists
The problem identical as grey correlation analysis.How objective calibration to be carried out to the importance of all kinds of factors, rationally quantifies to be that rock burst is comprehensive
Close the major issue that prediction faces.(2) certain methods can make Accurate Prediction for some rock burst examples, but it is reflecting shadow
Existing defects in the trend that the factor of sound develops rock burst, these methods are not suitable for Prediction for Rock Burst, and rock burst integrated forecasting should be avoided
It selects such method or it is modified.
Summary of the invention
The present invention in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of underground mining mine pre- police of rock-burst monitoring
Method.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that
A kind of underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the parameter of mine underground tunnel and getting working face is determined；
Step 2: building mine microquake monitors system；
Step 3: the crustal stress during mining is determined；
Step 4: microseismic activity rate during mining is determined；
Step 5: crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining are determined；
Step 6: crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate parameter during mining is determined；
Step 7: rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion during mining is determined.
Preferably, parameter described in step 1 includes the width in mine underground tunnel and getting working face, length, height
And buried depth, according to mine underground tunnel and getting working face geotechnical engineering investigation and mapping and the engineering drawing for combining mine excavation
To determine trend and the top plate central axes in mine underground tunnel and working face.
Preferably, the construction step of the monitoring of mine microquake described in step 2 system includes arrangement microseism wave detector, cloth
Positioning and the statistical analysis set acquisition substation, construct underground acquisition system and micro seismic monitoring event；The arrangement of microseism wave detector is adopted
Arrangement is surrounded with complete, arranges n microseism wave detector, microseism inspection in the adit of surrounding centered on detecting target area
Wave device is mounted at mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate central axes and linea angulata, is carried out arranged crosswise (see Fig. 2), before
It is evenly arranged a microseism wave detector into 30m-80m intersection, adjacent microseism wave detector elevation of bottom difference is not less than 3m；The acquisition
Substation is mounted at the tunnel and getting working face of adjoining rock stability, and the spacing of acquisition substation and microseism wave detector is less than 1000m；Ground
Lower acquisition system is made of 3-6 acquisition substation and 18-36 acquisition channel, connects microseism sensing with optical cable by communication cable
The microseismic signals of microseismic detection system acquisition are transferred to ground-based computer by device, acquisition substation and ground station server；Microseism
The positioning of monitoring event is specially to obtain the parameter of microseism timing variations curve and event space positioning and to it with statistical analysis
Processing, the parameter include microseism frequency f, microseism magnitude M, the software that the microseism information of acquisition is analyzed and processed including the use of
The waveform real-time dynamic monitoring software (WDM) of Microseismic monitoring system, geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process microseism information real-time identification
With analysis software (GMS) and geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process information three-dimensional Dynamically Announce software (GMD).
Preferably, the determination method of crustal stress described in step 3 are as follows: along mine underground tunnel and getting working face
Direction of propulsion arranges in-situ stress monitoring point, is drilled at monitoring point and places stress meter in the borehole, bore diameter is
202mm, borehole stressmeter overall diameter are 44mm, and hole depth is not less than 3m, in mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate axis
M representational borehole stressmeter monitoring points are arranged at line, are formed monitoring section (see Fig. 3), according to the detection knot of stress meter
Fruit, in crustal stress higher region, arrangement spacing is answered relatively small, answered in the lower region arrangement spacing of crustal stress it is relatively large,
Its monitoring section spacing is generally 5m~60m or so, is evenly arranged, and avoids being overlapped with micro seismic monitoring point, adjacent drilling hole stress
It counts elevation of bottom height difference and is not less than 3m, every digging advance 5m-60m forms new monitoring with regard to m new borehole stressmeters of arranged crosswise
Stress meter is mounted on the predetermined position in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance by section, and injection cement slurry fills in hole, and by stress
Meter reading zeroing after stable reading, time sight or is carried out continuously record crustal stress versus time curve can be obtained.
Preferably, microseismic activity degree S is according to closely related several with Europe about obscuring for one fuzzy set of description in fuzzy mathematics
The mathematical concepts summary such as Reed distance obtains, contain seimic frequency, average earthquake magnitude or averagely release energy, largest magnitude, with
And the concentration degree and its memory effect of Earthquake space distribution, and unit time microseismic activity degree, that is, microseismic activity rate S ' is quantitatively comprehensive
The microseismic activity for reacting a region is horizontal, its calculation formula is:
In formula: f is microseism frequency, times/day；MiFor the earthquake magnitude of i-th microseism in the unit time；M is the unit time
The largest magnitude of interior microseism.
Preferably, crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment be really during mining described in step 5
Determine step are as follows:
A, to the real-time monitoring of mine crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment
In mine underground recovery process, the stress state and microseismic event in mine underground tunnel and getting working face country rock
It will change with the progress of exploitation work, occurred according to the stresses re-distribution of mine difference mining phase and microseismic event
Situation, with crustal stress and micro seismic monitoring equipment, to the crustal stress and microseism relevant parameter of the corresponding monitoring point of different mining phases
It is monitored, and records monitoring data；By the in-situ stress monitoring value and microseismic activity when the roadway excavation stage initially being descended to complete
Rate is set as initial value σ0、S′0(being calculated by microseism frequency and the earthquake magnitude of microseism according to formula 1), subsequent t moment exploit rank
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate after the completion of section are denoted as σt、S′t, according to corresponding Real-time Monitoring Data and public affairs
Formula (2), (3) determine the increment Delta σ of the corresponding monitoring point crustal stress in mine after the completion of t moment mining phasetWith microseismic activity rate
Increment Delta S 't(crustal stress and microseismic activity monitoring data value correspond to each other in time, i.e. σt、S′tFor same time period
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate),
Δσt=σt-σt-1 (2)
ΔS′t=S 't-S′t-1 (3)
B, the determination of mine crustal stress and microseismic activity rate increment mean value
The increment of the mine crustal stress of j-th of monitoring point after the completion of t moment mining phase and microseismic activity rate is denoted as
Δσtj、ΔS′tj, the mean value of mine crustal stress Yu microseismic activity rate increment is determined according to formula (4), (5):
Preferably, the increment of load of mining crustal stress described in step 6 microseism response rate ηtFor mine underground tunnel and adopt
Dig the ratio of monitoring point microseismic activity rate increment mean value and crustal stress increment mean value after working face country rock t moment is exploited, it may be assumed that
With mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtAs the Prediction Parameters of its rock burst, rock burst is monitored pre-
Alert, in mine underground recovery process, the microseismic activity at eve occurs for rock burst, and there are two kinds of situations: first is that microseismic activity frequency with
Intensity increased dramatically, and high-value sector occurs；Second is that microseismic activity sharply weakens suddenly, it is lower than daily average value, a phase occurs
To quiet period, therefore work as ηtWhen approximate constant, a possibility that rock burst occurs, is lower；Work as ηtWhen increase, mine internal stress gradually occurs
Concentration effect, rock mass inside microfissure Surface Rupture Events increase, and show that rock burst possibility occurrence increases；Work as ηtAppearance is mutated or when 0,
Show that rock burst will occur inside mine.
Preferably, rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion is as follows during mining described in step 7:
A, by the crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate sequence (η of n-1 monitoring before monitoring point1, η2······ηn-1)
As a totality, as the overall approximate Normal Distribution, i.e. X~N (u, σ2) when ηnThe special totality for being 1 for sample size.
B, (η is calculated1, η2······ηn-1) sample average valueAnd sample standard deviation λ
Work as ηnValue is opposite stationary value, then itself and (η1, η2······ηn-1) sample belong to it is one overall, by ηnIt calculates
Obtain statistic k:
C, k value is compared with the t distribution table resulting value that freedom degree is n-1 is looked into, when k is less than level of significance α, (α is normal
T test value under taking 0.05), then ηnFor normal value, mine is in the opposite stabilization sub stage, and rock burst possibility occurrence is extremely low；When k is big
T test value under level of significance α (α often takes 0.05), then ηnFor exceptional value, show ηnStart to be mutated, this mining rank
Rock burst hazard will occur for section.
Preferably, the mounting means for knowing in wave detector by force is buried installation, i.e., microseism wave detector is mounted on preparatory construction
Wall rock drill-hole in, not less than 32mm (overall diameter of microseism wave detector is 26mm), hole depth is not less than 3m, is greater than for the diameter of drilling
Unloading blast area, dip angle of hole are not less than 60 °.
Preferably, the drilling hole stress is calculated as type vibration wire borehole stressmeter.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: overcoming existing traditional mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning
Mine underground exploitation engineering crustal stress and microseismic activity rate are carried out coupled inferring simultaneously, are determined and built with this by insufficient and defect
The coupling integration dynamic Forecast parameter of vertical mine underground exploitation engineering crustal stress and microseismic activity rate, and with the parameter to mine
The rock burst hazard of underground mining engineering carries out Monitoring and forecasting system in real-time.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is microseism wave detector arranged crosswise schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is in-situ stress monitoring sectional schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the invention.
A kind of underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: the parameter of mine underground tunnel and getting working face is determined；
Step 2: building mine microquake monitors system；
Step 3: the crustal stress during mining is determined；
Step 4: microseismic activity rate during mining is determined；
Step 5: crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining are determined；
Step 6: crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate parameter during mining is determined；
Step 7: rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion during mining is determined.
Parameter described in step 1 includes width, length, height and the buried depth in mine underground tunnel and getting working face,
It is determined according to mine underground tunnel and getting working face geotechnical engineering investigation with mapping and in conjunction with the engineering drawing of mine excavation
The trend and top plate central axes of mine underground tunnel and working face.
The construction step that mine microquake described in step 2 monitors system includes arrangement microseism wave detector, arrangement acquisition point
It stands, construct positioning and the statistical analysis of underground acquisition system and micro seismic monitoring event；The arrangement of microseism wave detector is surrounded using complete
Arrangement arranges n microseism wave detector, the installation of microseism wave detector in the adit of surrounding centered on detecting target area
At mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate central axes and linea angulata, carry out arranged crosswise (see Fig. 2), every advance 30m-
80m intersection is evenly arranged a microseism wave detector, and adjacent microseism wave detector elevation of bottom difference is not less than 3m；The acquisition substation peace
At the tunnel of adjoining rock stability and getting working face, the spacing of acquisition substation and microseism wave detector is less than 1000m；Underground acquisition
System is made of 3-6 acquisition substation and 18-36 acquisition channel, is connected microseismic sensors with optical cable by communication cable, is adopted
Collect substation and ground station server, the microseismic signals of microseismic detection system acquisition are transferred to ground-based computer；Micro seismic monitoring
The positioning of event is specially to obtain the parameter of microseism timing variations curve and event space positioning and handle it with statistical analysis,
The parameter includes microseism frequency f, microseism magnitude M, and the software being analyzed and processed to the microseism information of acquisition is including the use of microseism
The waveform real-time dynamic monitoring software (WDM) of monitoring system, geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process microseism information real-time identification with point
Analyse software (GMS) and geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process information three-dimensional Dynamically Announce software (GMD).
The determination method of crustal stress described in step 3 are as follows: the direction of propulsion along mine underground tunnel and getting working face
It arranges in-situ stress monitoring point, drilled at monitoring point and places stress meter, bore diameter 202mm, drilling in the borehole
Stress meter overall diameter is 44mm, and hole depth is not less than 3m, and m are arranged at mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate central axes
Representational borehole stressmeter monitoring point is formed monitoring section (see Fig. 3), according to the testing result of stress meter, in crustal stress
Higher region arrangement spacing is answered relatively small, answers relatively large, monitoring section in the lower region arrangement spacing of crustal stress
Spacing is generally 5m~60m or so, is evenly arranged, and avoids being overlapped with micro seismic monitoring point, adjacent borehole stressmeter elevation of bottom
Height difference is not less than 3m, and every digging advance 5m-60m forms new monitoring section, will answer with regard to m new borehole stressmeters of arranged crosswise
Power meter is mounted on the predetermined position in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance, and injection cement slurry fills in hole, and stress meter is read and is adjusted
Zero, after stable reading, time sight or it is carried out continuously record crustal stress versus time curve can be obtained.
Microseismic activity degree S is to obscure closely related and Euclidean distance about one fuzzy set of description according in fuzzy mathematics
Equal mathematical concepts summary obtains, contain seimic frequency, average earthquake magnitude or averagely release energy, largest magnitude and earthquake it is empty
Between the concentration degree and its memory effect that are distributed, and unit time microseismic activity degree, that is, microseismic activity rate S ' quantifies combined reaction one
The microseismic activity in region is horizontal, its calculation formula is:
In formula: f is microseism frequency, times/day；MiFor the earthquake magnitude of i-th microseism in the unit time；M is the unit time
The largest magnitude of interior microseism.
The determination step of crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining described in step 5
Are as follows:
A, to the real-time monitoring of mine crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment
In mine underground recovery process, the stress state and microseismic event in mine underground tunnel and getting working face country rock
It will change with the progress of exploitation work, occurred according to the stresses re-distribution of mine difference mining phase and microseismic event
Situation, with crustal stress and micro seismic monitoring equipment, to the crustal stress and microseism relevant parameter of the corresponding monitoring point of different mining phases
It is monitored, and records monitoring data；By the in-situ stress monitoring value and microseismic activity when the roadway excavation stage initially being descended to complete
Rate is set as initial value σ0、S′0(being calculated by microseism frequency and the earthquake magnitude of microseism according to formula 1), subsequent t moment exploit rank
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate after the completion of section are denoted as σt、S′t, according to corresponding Real-time Monitoring Data and public affairs
Formula (2), (3) determine the increment Delta σ of the corresponding monitoring point crustal stress in mine after the completion of t moment mining phasetWith microseismic activity rate
Increment Delta S 't(crustal stress and microseismic activity monitoring data value correspond to each other in time, i.e. σt、S′tFor same time period
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate),
Δσt=σt-σt-1 (2)
ΔS′t=S 't-S′t-1 (3)
B, the determination of mine crustal stress and microseismic activity rate increment mean value
The increment of the mine crustal stress of j-th of monitoring point after the completion of t moment mining phase and microseismic activity rate is denoted as
Δσtj、ΔS′tj, the mean value of mine crustal stress Yu microseismic activity rate increment is determined according to formula (4), (5):
The microseism response rate of mining crustal stress increment of load described in step 6 ηtFor mine underground tunnel and mining work
The ratio of monitoring point microseismic activity rate increment mean value and crustal stress increment mean value after the exploitation of face country rock t moment, it may be assumed that
With mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtAs the Prediction Parameters of its rock burst, rock burst is monitored pre-
Alert, in mine underground recovery process, the microseismic activity at eve occurs for rock burst, and there are two kinds of situations: first is that microseismic activity frequency with
Intensity increased dramatically, and high-value sector occurs；Second is that microseismic activity sharply weakens suddenly, it is lower than daily average value, a phase occurs
To quiet period, therefore work as ηtWhen approximate constant, a possibility that rock burst occurs, is lower；Work as ηtWhen increase, mine internal stress gradually occurs
Concentration effect, rock mass inside microfissure Surface Rupture Events increase, and show that rock burst possibility occurrence increases；Work as ηtAppearance is mutated or when 0,
Show that rock burst will occur inside mine.
Rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion is as follows during mining described in step 7:
A, by the crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate sequence (η of n-1 monitoring before monitoring point1, η2······ηn-1)
As a totality, as the overall approximate Normal Distribution, i.e. X~N (u, σ2) when ηnThe special totality for being 1 for sample size.
B, (η is calculated1, η2······ηn-1) sample average valueAnd sample standard deviation λ
Work as ηnValue is opposite stationary value, then itself and (η1, η2······ηn-1) sample belong to it is one overall, by ηnIt calculates
Obtain statistic k:
C, k value is compared with t distribution table (being shown in Table 1) resulting value that freedom degree is n-1 is looked into, when k is less than conspicuousness water
T test value under flat α (α often takes 0.05), then ηnFor normal value, mine is in opposite stabilization sub stage, rock burst possibility occurrence pole
It is low；When k is greater than the t test value under level of significance α (α often takes 0.05), then ηnFor exceptional value, show ηnStart to be mutated, this mine
Rock burst hazard will occur for mountain mining phase.
The mounting means for knowing in wave detector by force is buried installation, i.e., microseism wave detector is mounted on to the country rock constructed in advance and is bored
Kong Zhong, for the diameter of drilling not less than 32mm (overall diameter of microseism wave detector is 26mm), hole depth is not less than 3m, is greater than unloading blast
Area, dip angle of hole are not less than 60 °.
The drilling hole stress is calculated as type vibration wire borehole stressmeter.
Table 1t dividing value table
Embodiment:
Determine the parameter of mine underground tunnel and getting working face, which includes mine underground tunnel and getting working face
Width, length, height and buried depth, according to mine underground tunnel and getting working face geotechnical engineering investigation and surveying and drawing and combine
The engineering drawing of mine excavation determines trend and the top plate central axes in mine underground tunnel and working face.Specifically it is shown in Table 2
2 mine underground tunnel of table and getting working face relevant parameter index
| Ore body length | Ore body width | Ore body height | Buried depth |
| 1100m | 150m | 50m | 200m |
It constructs mine microquake and monitors system, arrangement microseism wave detector is surrounded using complete, to detect target area
Centered in the adit of surrounding arrange n microseism wave detector, microseism wave detector is mounted on mine underground tunnel and digging work
Make at face top plate central axes and linea angulata, carry out arranged crosswise (see Fig. 2), every advance 30m-80m intersection is evenly arranged a microseism
Wave detector, adjacent microseism wave detector elevation of bottom difference are not less than 3m, and the mounting means for knowing in wave detector by force is buried installation, i.e., will
Microseism wave detector is mounted in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance, and the diameter of drilling is not less than the 32mm (overall diameter of microseism wave detector
For 26mm), hole depth is not less than 3m, is greater than unloading blast area, and dip angle of hole is not less than 60 °.
Acquisition substation is mounted at the tunnel and getting working face of adjoining rock stability, acquires the spacing of substation and microseism wave detector
Less than 1000m.
Underground acquisition system is made of 3-6 acquisition substation and 18-36 acquisition channel, is connected by communication cable and optical cable
Microseismic sensors, acquisition substation and ground station server are connect, the microseismic signals of microseismic detection system acquisition are transferred to ground
Computer.
Utilize the waveform real-time dynamic monitoring software (WDM) of Microseismic monitoring system, geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process microseism
The phases such as information real-time identification and analysis software (GMS), geotechnical engineering disaster preparation process information three-dimensional Dynamically Announce software (GMD)
It closes software to be analyzed and processed the microseism information of acquisition, obtains microseism relevant parameter timing variations curve and event space positioning
Effect, which mainly includes: microseism frequency f, microseism magnitude M etc..With the progress of underground mining, to the different excavation stages
The related data of corresponding monitoring point is monitored and handles, and is specifically shown in Table 3
3 microseism frequency of table, the monitoring data of microseism earthquake magnitude, crustal stress
The determination method of crustal stress described in step 3 are as follows: the direction of propulsion along mine underground tunnel and getting working face
It arranges in-situ stress monitoring point, drilled at monitoring point and places stress meter, bore diameter 202mm, drilling in the borehole
Stress meter overall diameter is 44mm, and hole depth is not less than 3m, and m are arranged at mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate central axes
Representational borehole stressmeter monitoring point is formed monitoring section (see Fig. 3), according to the testing result of stress meter, in crustal stress
Higher region arrangement spacing is answered relatively small, answers relatively large, monitoring section in the lower region arrangement spacing of crustal stress
Spacing is generally 5m~60m or so, is evenly arranged, and avoids being overlapped with micro seismic monitoring point, adjacent borehole stressmeter elevation of bottom
Height difference is not less than 3m, and every digging advance 5m-60m forms new monitoring section, will shake with regard to m new borehole stressmeters of arranged crosswise
String formula borehole stressmeter is mounted on the predetermined position in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance, injects cement slurry after the installation is completed and fills out hole
It is good, and stress meter is read and is returned to zero, after stable reading, time sight or it is carried out continuously record crustal stress can be obtained at any time
Change curve.Crustal stress is 40KN before excavating, and the monitoring data of crustal stress are shown in Table 4 after excavation
Table 4
Microseismic activity degree S is to obscure closely related and Euclidean distance about one fuzzy set of description according in fuzzy mathematics
Equal mathematical concepts summary obtains, contain seimic frequency, average earthquake magnitude or averagely release energy, largest magnitude and earthquake it is empty
Between the concentration degree and its memory effect that are distributed, and unit time microseismic activity degree, that is, microseismic activity rate S ' quantifies combined reaction one
The microseismic activity in region is horizontal, its calculation formula is:
In formula: f is microseism frequency, times/day；MiFor the earthquake magnitude of i-th microseism in the unit time；M is the unit time
The largest magnitude of interior microseism.Calculated result is shown in Table 5
5 microseismic activity rate calculated result of table
The determination step of crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining are as follows:
A, to the real-time monitoring of mine crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment
In mine underground recovery process, the stress state and microseismic event in mine underground tunnel and getting working face country rock
It will change with the progress of exploitation work, occurred according to the stresses re-distribution of mine difference mining phase and microseismic event
Situation, with crustal stress and micro seismic monitoring equipment, to the crustal stress and microseism relevant parameter of the corresponding monitoring point of different mining phases
It is monitored, and records monitoring data；By the in-situ stress monitoring value and microseismic activity when the roadway excavation stage initially being descended to complete
Rate is set as initial value σ0、S′0(being calculated by microseism frequency and the earthquake magnitude of microseism according to formula 1), subsequent t moment exploit rank
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate after the completion of section are denoted as σt、S′t, according to corresponding Real-time Monitoring Data and public affairs
Formula (2), (3) determine the increment Delta σ of the corresponding monitoring point crustal stress in mine after the completion of t moment mining phasetWith microseismic activity rate
Increment Delta S 't(crustal stress and microseismic activity monitoring data value correspond to each other in time, i.e. σt、S′tFor same time period
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate),
Δσt=σt-σt-1 (2)
ΔS′t=S 't-S′t-1 (3)
B, the determination of mine crustal stress and microseismic activity rate increment mean value
The increment of the mine crustal stress of j-th of monitoring point after the completion of t moment mining phase and microseismic activity rate is denoted as
Δσtj、ΔS′tj, the mean value of mine crustal stress Yu microseismic activity rate increment is determined according to formula (4), (5):
The above calculated result is shown in Table 6
Table 6
Mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtIt is exploited for mine underground tunnel and getting working face country rock t moment
The ratio of monitoring point microseismic activity rate increment mean value and crustal stress increment mean value afterwards, it may be assumed that
With mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtAs the Prediction Parameters of its rock burst, rock burst is monitored pre-
Alert, in mine underground recovery process, the microseismic activity at eve occurs for rock burst, and there are two kinds of situations: first is that microseismic activity frequency with
Intensity increased dramatically, and high-value sector occurs；Second is that microseismic activity sharply weakens suddenly, it is lower than daily average value, a phase occurs
To quiet period, therefore work as ηtWhen approximate constant, a possibility that rock burst occurs, is lower；Work as ηtWhen increase, mine internal stress gradually occurs
Concentration effect, rock mass inside microfissure Surface Rupture Events increase, and show that rock burst possibility occurrence increases；Work as ηtAppearance is mutated or when 0,
Show that rock burst will occur inside mine.Calculated result is shown in Table 7
7 crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate parameter of table
| Period | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| ηt | 0.0117 | 0.0089 | 0.0058 | 0.0074 | 0.0000 | 0.0340 |
According to rock mass mechanics and geophysical basic principle and mathematical statistics, rock burst is supervised during mining
It is as follows to survey early warning criterion:
A, by the crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate sequence (η of n-1 monitoring before monitoring point1, η2······ηn-1)
As a totality, as the overall approximate Normal Distribution, i.e. X~N (u, σ2) when ηnThe special totality for being 1 for sample size.
B, (η is calculated1, η2······ηn-1) sample average valueAnd sample standard deviation λ
Work as ηnValue is opposite stationary value, then itself and (η1, η2······ηn-1) sample belong to it is one overall, by ηnIt calculates
Obtain statistic k:
Above calculated result is shown in Table 8
Table 8
C, t dividing value table is looked into, is shown in Table 1, t test value when obtaining freedom degree n=5 under level of significance α=0.05 is
2.015, k are greater than the t test value under level of significance α (α often takes 0.05), ηnFor exceptional value, show ηnStart to be mutated, judge
Rock burst hazard will occur for this mining stage, answer timely early warning at this time and take related control measure.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the parameter of mine underground tunnel and getting working face is determined；
Step 2: building mine microquake monitors system；
Step 3: the crustal stress during mining is determined；
Step 4: microseismic activity rate during mining is determined；
Step 5: crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during mining are determined；
Step 6: crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate parameter during mining is determined；
Step 7: rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion during mining is determined.
2. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the step 1
The parameter includes width, length, height and the buried depth in mine underground tunnel and getting working face, determines mine underground tunnel
Trend and top plate central axes with working face.
3. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in step 2
The construction step of the mine microquake monitoring system includes arrangement microseism wave detector, arrangement acquisition substation, the acquisition of building underground
The positioning of system and micro seismic monitoring event and statistical analysis；The arrangement of microseism wave detector surrounds arrangement using complete, with detection
Arrange that n microseism wave detector, microseism wave detector are mounted on mine underground tunnel in the adit of surrounding centered on target area
At getting working face top plate central axes and linea angulata, arranged crosswise is carried out, every advance 30m-80m intersection is evenly arranged a microseism
Wave detector；The acquisition substation is mounted at the tunnel and getting working face of adjoining rock stability, acquisition substation and microseism wave detector
Spacing is less than 1000m；Underground acquisition system is made of acquisition substation and acquisition channel, connects microseism with optical cable by communication cable
The microseismic signals of microseismic detection system acquisition are transferred to ground-based computer by sensor, acquisition substation and ground station server；
The positioning of micro seismic monitoring event and statistical analysis specially acquisition microseism timing variations curve and the parameter of event space positioning are simultaneously
It is handled, which includes microseism frequency f, microseism magnitude M.
4. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that ground described in step 3
The determination method of stress are as follows: arrange in-situ stress monitoring point along the direction of propulsion of mine underground tunnel and getting working face, monitoring
It is drilled at point and places stress meter in the borehole, m is arranged at mine underground tunnel and getting working face top plate central axes
A representational borehole stressmeter monitoring point forms monitoring section, and every digging advance 5m-60m is with regard to arranged crosswise m new drillings
Stress meter forms new monitoring section, and stress meter is mounted on the predetermined position in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance, injects cement
Slurry fills in hole, and stress meter is read and is returned to zero, and after stable reading, time sight or is carried out continuously record crustal stress can be obtained
Versus time curve.
5. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: microseismic activity
Degree S is summarized according to the mathematical concepts such as closely related and Euclidean distance that obscure in fuzzy mathematics about one fuzzy set of description
Out, contain seimic frequency, average earthquake magnitude or averagely release energy, the concentration degree of largest magnitude and Earthquake space distribution and
Its memory effect, and unit time microseismic activity degree, that is, microseismic activity rate S ' quantifies the microseismic activity water in one region of combined reaction
It is flat, its calculation formula is:
In formula: f is microseism frequency, times/day；MiFor the earthquake magnitude of i-th microseism in the unit time；M is microseism in the unit time
Largest magnitude.
6. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in step 5
The determination step of crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment during the mining are as follows:
A, to the real-time monitoring of mine crustal stress and unit time microseismic activity rate increment
According to the stresses re-distribution and microseismic event situation occurred of mine difference mining phase, set with crustal stress and micro seismic monitoring
It is standby, the crustal stress and microseism relevant parameter of the corresponding monitoring point of different mining phases are monitored, and record monitoring data；It will be first
In-situ stress monitoring value and microseismic activity rate when beginning underground passage excavates stage completion are set as initial value σ0、S′0, subsequent t moment
In-situ stress monitoring value and unit time microseismic activity rate after the completion of mining phase are denoted as σt、S′t, according to corresponding real-time monitoring number
According to the increment Delta σ of the corresponding monitoring point crustal stress in mine after the completion of determining t moment mining phase with formula (2), (3)tIt is living with microseism
The increment Delta S ' of dynamic ratet,
Δσt=σt-σt-1 (2)
ΔS′t=S 't-S′t-1 (3)
B, the determination of mine crustal stress and microseismic activity rate increment mean value
The increment of the mine crustal stress of j-th of monitoring point after the completion of t moment mining phase and microseismic activity rate is denoted as Δ σtj、
ΔS′tj, the mean value of mine crustal stress Yu microseismic activity rate increment is determined according to formula (4), (5):
7. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in step 6
The mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtBehind mine underground tunnel and the exploitation of getting working face country rock t moment
The ratio of monitoring point microseismic activity rate increment mean value and crustal stress increment mean value, it may be assumed that
With mining crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate ηtAs the Prediction Parameters of its rock burst, early warning is monitored to rock burst, when
ηtWhen approximate constant, a possibility that rock burst occurs, is lower；Work as ηtWhen increase, concentration effect, rock mass gradually occur for mine internal stress
Internal microfissure Surface Rupture Events increase, and show that rock burst possibility occurrence increases；Work as ηtAppearance is mutated or when 0, shows inside mine
Rock burst will occur.
8. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: in step 7
Rock-burst monitoring early warning criterion is as follows during the mining:
A, by the crustal stress increment of load microseism response rate sequence (η of n-1 monitoring before monitoring point1, η2……ηn-1) it is used as a totality,
As the overall approximate Normal Distribution, i.e. X~N (u, σ2) when ηnThe special totality for being 1 for sample size.
B, (η is calculated1, η2……ηn-1) sample average valueAnd sample standard deviation λ
Work as ηnValue is opposite stationary value, then itself and (η1, η2……ηn-1) sample belong to it is one overall, by ηnStatistic k is calculated:
C, k value is compared with the t distribution table resulting value that freedom degree is n-1 is looked into, is examined when k is less than the t under level of significance α
It is worth, then ηnFor normal value, mine is in the opposite stabilization sub stage, and rock burst possibility occurrence is extremely low；When k is greater than under level of significance α
T test value, then ηnFor exceptional value, show ηnStart to be mutated, rock burst hazard will occur for this mining stage.
9. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: know in wave detector by force
Mounting means is buried installation, i.e., microseism wave detector is mounted in the wall rock drill-hole constructed in advance.
10. underground mining mine rock-burst monitoring method for early warning according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the drilling is answered
Power is calculated as type vibration wire borehole stressmeter.
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| CN110456413A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-11-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | The method for prejudging rock burst type |
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| CN111125872A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-05-08 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Rock burst prediction method for TBM tunneling tunnel |
| CN111577390A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Tunnel rock burst micro-seismic monitoring, judging and early warning construction method |
| KR20220028729A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-08 | 코탐(주) | Apparatus for monitoring microseismic based on physical characteristic of mine |
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| CN111577390A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-25 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Tunnel rock burst micro-seismic monitoring, judging and early warning construction method |
| KR20220028729A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-08 | 코탐(주) | Apparatus for monitoring microseismic based on physical characteristic of mine |
| KR102398368B1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-05-16 | 코탐(주) | Apparatus for monitoring microseismic based on physical characteristic of mine |
| CN115201916A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-18 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for quantifying mine earthquake activity of rock burst mine in real time |
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