CN109779635B - Tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method - Google Patents
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- CN109779635B CN109779635B CN201910105931.0A CN201910105931A CN109779635B CN 109779635 B CN109779635 B CN 109779635B CN 201910105931 A CN201910105931 A CN 201910105931A CN 109779635 B CN109779635 B CN 109779635B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005312 nonlinear dynamic Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A tunnel engineering safe construction excavation method is characterized in that the excavation process of two opposite tunneling working faces of a deep-buried tunnel is continuously monitored through a micro-seismic sensor, the fault condition in front of the working faces is detected in real time, and when a plurality of faults exist in front of the working faces at two sides, the excavation sequence of the working faces at two sides of the tunnel is determined according to the rock mass property between each fault and the working face, so that the rockburst disasters caused when the working faces of the tunnel pass through the faults can be effectively reduced, and the tunnel construction safety is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel safety construction excavation method for reducing rock burst risk in the tunnel construction process.
Background
In tunnels and underground works, surrounding rocks composed of hard and brittle rock masses accumulate very high elastic strain energy under high ground stress conditions. In the excavation process, due to the fact that the open face of excavation appears, the stress differentiation effect of reducing radial stress and increasing tangential stress is caused, when concentrated stress exceeds the failure strength of a rock body, elastic strain energy stored in the rock body is suddenly released, and the phenomenon of surrounding rock failure accompanied by cracking loosening, stripping, ejection and even throwing is called rock burst.
Rock burst is distinguished from plastic failure of large deformations of surrounding rock, a nonlinear dynamic phenomenon with violent release of energy. The rocks of a slight rock burst are flaked, while a strong rock burst can throw huge rocks violently, and even one rock burst can throw out rock blocks and rock fragments of several tons. The rock burst phenomenon in the construction process not only delays the construction progress, but also has great influence on the life safety of constructors and the property safety of construction equipment.
The fault engineering characteristics are mainly manifested by loose and broken rock mass, poor integral stability, low bearing capacity, weak antiknock property and the like. Generally speaking, in a fault zone, the regional structural stress has a higher magnitude, and when a tunnel excavation approaches to the fault zone, the part near the fault is a stress concentration zone, so that the stress near the fault is released and then superposed on surrounding rocks of the tunnel, and thus, the rock burst near the fault is frequent and serious.
In order to reduce the rock burst risk of a deeply buried tunnel crossing a fault area, the invention patent of the institute of martian and rock mechanics of Chinese academy of sciences in the prior art CN201410017042.6 proposes that the fracture position of a rock is determined through a microseismic sensor at the rear of the tunnel so as to determine the fault occurrence, and a face surface which is excavated continuously in the tunnel and a face surface which is stopped are excavated in opposite directions are determined according to the fault occurrence, so that the construction safety is ensured, and the construction progress is accelerated. However, for a deeply buried long tunnel, the crossing area is long, a plurality of faults may exist, and if the tunnel faces in the tunneling directions on both sides are located on the lower wall of the fault, the construction tunneling direction cannot be determined through the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel safe construction excavation method for reducing rock burst risk in a tunnel construction process, which can determine the construction direction of a tunnel when a plurality of faults exist.
As one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for excavating safe construction in tunnel engineering, comprising the steps of: a tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method comprises the following steps: (1) 4 micro-seismic sensors are respectively arranged behind tunnel faces tunneled in opposite directions; (2) determining coordinates of each microseismic sensor; (3) identifying a rock fracture position through a signal of a microseismic sensor; (4) judging whether different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces according to the rock fracture positions, entering a step (11) when only a single fault exists in front of the two tunnel faces, and performing the following steps when different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces: (5) judging whether a fault that the tunnel face of the tunneling direction is on the upper plate of the tunnel face exists or not, if so, entering a step (6), and if not, entering a step (7); (6) continuing the tunneling of the tunnel face corresponding to the fault until the fault is crossed, and returning to the step (4); (7) stopping tunneling of the tunnel face at one side close to the fault, and continuing tunneling of the tunnel face at one side far away from the fault until the distance between the tunnel faces at the two sides and the fault is equal; (8) respectively adding a microseismic sensor behind the tunnel faces at two sides, determining the coordinate of the microseismic sensor, and identifying and recording the rock fracture position and the speed of transmitting the microseismic wave to the sensor through signals of 5 microseismic sensors; (9) determining a signal from a rock fracture position near a corresponding fault of the tunnel face in microwave sensor signals, and determining the speed of the microseismic wave generated at the position to be transmitted to a sensor corresponding to the span face; (10) comparing the speed of the microwave wave transmitted to the microwave sensors in the two side tunneling directions, selecting the tunneling direction with low speed for one-way tunneling, and passing through the corresponding fault, and returning to the step (4); (11) and stopping tunneling the lower disc face, and continuing tunneling the upper disc face until the lower disc face is communicated with the crossing fault.
Further, in the step (1), the 4 microseismic sensors are respectively arranged on two sections, and the section distance is 25-30 m.
Further, in the step (1), the position of the microseismic sensor is set according to the tunneling progress, so that the distance between the first section and the tunnel face is 25-30 m.
Further, in the step (4), it is determined whether there are a plurality of rock fracture points distributed in a concentrated linear shape in front of the tunnel face according to the recorded rock fracture positions, and if so, it indicates that there are a plurality of faults in front of the tunnel face.
Further, in the step (8), the distance between the additional microseismic sensor and the second section is 25-30 m.
Further, in the step (3), the equation (X-X) is usedi）2+（Y-Yi）2+（Z-Zi）2-V2（Ti-T）2= 0; wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 4 sensor coordinates, TiThe time for the 4 sensors to respectively receive signals is V, and the V is a preset micro-seismic wave speed; the positions (xi, yi, zi) of the 4 sensors and TiSubstituted into the above formula，The location of the rock fracture (X, Y, Z) and the time to fracture T are determined.
Further, in the step (8), the equation (X-X) is usedi）2+（Y-Yi）2+（Z-Zi）2-V2（Ti-T）2= 0; wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 5 sensor coordinates, TiThe time when 5 sensors receive signals respectively; the positions (xi, yi, zi) of the 5 sensors and TiSubstituted into the above formula，The location of the rock fracture (X, Y, Z), the time to fracture T and the velocity V of the microseismic wave propagation to the sensor are determined.
In the further step (9), according to the recorded rock fracture positions, n microseismic wave sources within 10m of the distance from each fault are respectively selected, and the speed V1 of the microseismic wave corresponding to each microseismic wave source propagating to the corresponding side sensor is determinediAnd V2i(ii) a Calculating individual microseismsMean value Σ V1 of the velocity at which the microseismic waves corresponding to the wave source propagate to the corresponding side sensoriV2i/n。
Further, in the step (10), the Σ V1 is comparediV2iAnd the size of/n, selecting the tunneling direction with low speed to perform unidirectional tunneling, and traversing the corresponding fault.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for continuously monitoring the excavation process of two opposite tunneling working faces of a deep-buried tunnel, and comprises the following steps: (1) 4 micro-seismic sensors are respectively arranged behind tunnel faces tunneled in opposite directions; (2) determining coordinates of each microseismic sensor; (3) identifying a rock fracture position through a signal of a microseismic sensor; (4) judging whether different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces according to the rock fracture positions, entering a step (11) when only a single fault exists in front of the two tunnel faces, and performing the following steps when different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces: (5) judging whether a fault that the tunnel face of the tunneling direction is on the upper plate of the tunnel face exists or not, if so, entering a step (6), and if not, entering a step (7); (6) continuing the tunneling of the tunnel face corresponding to the fault until the fault is crossed, and returning to the step (4); (7) stopping tunneling of the tunnel face at one side close to the fault, and continuing tunneling of the tunnel face at one side far from the fault until the distance between the tunnel faces at the two sides and the fault is equal; (8) respectively adding a microseismic sensor behind the tunnel faces at two sides, determining the coordinate of the microseismic sensor, and identifying and recording the rock fracture position and the speed of transmitting the microseismic wave to the sensor through signals of 5 microseismic sensors; (9) determining a signal from a rock fracture position near a corresponding fault of the tunnel face in microwave sensor signals, and determining the speed of the microseismic wave generated at the position to be transmitted to a sensor corresponding to the span face; (10) comparing the speed of the microwave wave transmitted to the microwave sensors in the two side tunneling directions, selecting the tunneling direction with low speed for one-way tunneling, and passing through the corresponding fault, and returning to the step (4); (11) and stopping tunneling the lower disc face, and continuing tunneling the upper disc face until the lower disc face is communicated with the crossing fault.
In the step (1), 4 micro-seismic sensors are respectively arranged on a first section and a second section behind the tunnel face, each section is provided with two micro-seismic sensors which are respectively arranged on the side face and the vault of the section, the distance between the two sections can be set to be 25-30 m, and the distance between the sensor which is closer to the tunnel face and the tunnel face can be set to be 25-30 m. The microseismic sensor may be a single axis acceleration sensor, placed in a borehole at the installation site.
In the step (2), as the tunnel face is pushed forwards, the sensors also move forwards and keep a certain distance with the tunnel face, and the coordinates (X) of each microseismic sensor are determined through the total stationi，Yi，Zi)。
In the step (3), signals of 4 sensors are acquired through a data acquisition system, and the rock fracture position is identified according to the signals of the microseismic sensors, wherein the equation (X-X) is usedi）2+（Y-Yi）2+（Z-Zi）2-V2（Ti-T）2= 0; wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 4Individual sensor coordinate, TiThe time for the 4 sensors to respectively receive signals is V, and the V is a preset micro-seismic wave speed; the positions (xi, yi, zi) of the 4 sensors and TiSubstituted into the above formula，The location of the rock fracture (X, Y, Z) and the time to fracture T are determined. The preset micro-seismic wave speed can be predetermined through a fixed-point blasting experiment.
In the step (4), whether a plurality of rock breaking points which are distributed in a concentrated linear shape exist in front of the working face is determined according to the recorded rock breaking positions, if so, the step (5) is entered, and if only a single fault exists in front of the working face, the step (11) is entered.
In the step (5), the rock cracking points which are distributed in a centralized linear mode are linearly fitted through a least square method, whether a fault that the tunnel face in the tunneling direction is positioned on the upper plate of the fault is judged according to the trend of the fitted straight line, if yes, the step (6) is carried out, and if not, the step (7) is carried out.
And (6) continuing the tunneling of the tunnel face of the upper plate on the fault in the tunneling direction until the tunnel face passes through the fault, and returning to the step (4).
In the step (7), when the tunneling directions of the two sides are located on the lower wall of the fault, the tunneling of the tunnel face at one side close to the fault is stopped, and the tunneling of the tunnel face at one side far from the fault is continued until the distances from the tunnel faces at the two sides to the fault are equal.
And (8) respectively adding a microseismic sensor behind the tunnel faces at the two sides, wherein the added microseismic sensor is arranged behind the second section, and the distance between the microseismic sensor and the second section is 25-30 m. And determining the coordinates of the additional microseismic sensor through the total station. The location of the rock fracture is identified and recorded by the signals of the 5 microseismic sensors, as well as the velocity of the microseismic wave propagating to the sensors. In particular, according to the equation (X-X)i）2+（Y-Yi）2+（Z-Zi）2-V2（Ti-T）2= 0; wherein (xi, yi, zi) is 5 sensor coordinates, TiRespectively receiving for 5 sensorsTime to signal; the positions (xi, yi, zi) of the 5 sensors and TiSubstituting the above equation, the location of the rock fracture (X, Y, Z), the fracture time T and the velocity V of the microseismic wave propagating to the sensor are determined.
In the step (9), a signal from a rock fracture position near a corresponding fault of the palm surface in the microwave sensor signals is determined, and the speed of the microseismic wave generated at the position to be transmitted to the sensor corresponding to the span surface is determined. According to the recorded rock fracture positions, n microseismic wave sources within 10m of distance from each fault are respectively selected, and the speed V1 of the microseismic wave corresponding to each microseismic wave source propagating to the sensor at the corresponding side is determinediAnd V2i(ii) a Calculating the average value sigma V1 of the speed of the micro-seismic wave corresponding to each micro-seismic wave source to propagate to the corresponding side sensoriV2iAnd/n. Which reflects the properties of the rock mass from each fault to the corresponding lateral face. The high propagation speed of the micro-seismic wave indicates that the elastic modulus of the region is large, and for high-elasticity rock, the high-elasticity rock has good energy storage conditions and high possibility of rock burst. Therefore, in step (10), Σ V1 is comparediV2iAnd the size of/n, selecting the tunneling direction with low speed to perform unidirectional tunneling, and traversing the corresponding fault.
In the step (11), only a single fault exists in front of the tunnel faces at the two sides, the tunneling of the lower wall tunnel face of the fault is stopped, and the tunneling of the upper wall tunnel face is continued until the fault is penetrated to be communicated with the lower wall tunnel face.
All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference into this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the above disclosure of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method comprises the following steps: (1) 4 micro-seismic sensors are respectively arranged behind tunnel faces tunneled in opposite directions; the 4 microseismic sensors are respectively arranged on a first section and a second section behind the tunnel face, and each section is provided with two microseismic sensors; (3) identifying a rock fracture position through a signal of a microseismic sensor; (4) judging whether different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces according to the rock positions, entering a step (11) when only a single fault exists in front of the two tunnel faces, and performing the following steps when different faults exist in front of the two tunnel faces: (5) judging whether a fault that the tunnel face of the tunneling direction is on the upper plate of the tunnel face exists or not, if so, entering a step (6), and if not, entering a step (7); (6) continuing the tunneling of the tunnel face corresponding to the fault until the fault is crossed, and returning to the step (4); (7) stopping tunneling of the tunnel face at one side close to the fault, and continuing tunneling of the tunnel face at one side far away from the fault until the distance between the tunnel faces at the two sides and the fault is equal; (8) respectively adding a microseismic sensor behind the tunnel faces at two sides, determining the coordinate of the microseismic sensor, and identifying and recording the rock fracture position and the speed of transmitting the microseismic wave to the sensor through signals of 5 microseismic sensors; the added microseismic sensor is arranged behind the second section, and the distance between the microseismic sensor and the second section is 25-30 m; (9) determining a signal from a rock fracture position near a corresponding fault of the tunnel face in microwave sensor signals, and determining the speed of the microseismic wave generated at the position to be transmitted to the sensor corresponding to the tunnel face; (10) comparing the speed of the microwave wave transmitted to the microwave sensors in the two side tunneling directions, selecting the tunneling direction with low speed for one-way tunneling, and passing through the corresponding fault, and returning to the step (4); (11) and stopping tunneling the lower disc face, and continuing tunneling the upper disc face until the lower disc face is communicated with the crossing fault.
2. The tunneling construction safety excavation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), whether a plurality of rock breaking points distributed in a concentrated linear shape exist in front of the working face is determined according to the recorded rock breaking positions, and if the rock breaking points exist, the fact that a plurality of fault layers exist in front of the working face is indicated.
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| JPH07259472A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-09 | Hazama Gumi Ltd | Geological survey in tunnel digging |
| CN101604025A (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2009-12-16 | 中国地震局地质研究所 | The recognition methods of strong earthquake-generating fault and application thereof |
| CN101770038B (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2012-08-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Intelligent positioning method of mine microquake sources |
| CN102298154B (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2013-04-10 | 徐州福安科技有限公司 | Device and method for monitoring evolution and distribution of mining-induced fracture |
| CN102506993A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-06-20 | 大同煤矿集团有限责任公司 | Coal mine downhole country rock slight shock detection method |
| CN103742156B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-08-12 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Unidirectional driving opportunity and mode defining method is changed in opposite directions before buried hard rock tunnel is through |
| CN103726851B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-15 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Excavation method capable of lowering rockburst risk of deep tunnel in process of passing through fault area |
| CN103777235B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of stage excavation buried hard rock tunnel microseismic monitoring sensor method for arranging |
| CN103953392B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-12-02 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rockburst risk position method of discrimination on deep tunnel section |
| CN106501848B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-11-10 | 力软科技（大连）股份有限公司 | Recessive fault advanced geophysical prospecting method in tunneling process |
| CN108798690B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2020-02-07 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Combined TBM for realizing geological detection and geological detection tunneling method |
| CN108693561B (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-11-08 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Coal mining seismic acquisition system and method based on wave detector subdivision array |
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