CN103726851A - Excavation method capable of lowering rockburst risk of deep tunnel in process of passing through fault area - Google Patents
Excavation method capable of lowering rockburst risk of deep tunnel in process of passing through fault area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103726851A CN103726851A CN201410017042.6A CN201410017042A CN103726851A CN 103726851 A CN103726851 A CN 103726851A CN 201410017042 A CN201410017042 A CN 201410017042A CN 103726851 A CN103726851 A CN 103726851A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an excavation method capable of lowering the rockburst risk of a deep tunnel in the process of passing through a fault area. The excavation method includes the steps of arranging three rows of sensors on the rear portion of each excavation tunnel face of the same deep tunnel to monitor and collect micro-seismic-wave signals generated in the micro-fracture process of rock, wherein the two excavation tunnel faces of the same deep tunnel are opposite; taking the mileage pile number of the deep tunnel and a datum mark of the deep tunnel as the foundation to measure the space coordinate of the installation position of each sensor, recognizing and extracting the micro-seismic-wave signals generated in the micro-fracture process of rock so as to obtain the micro-fracture position of a micro-earthquake event, analyzing the space distribution regulation of the micro-earthquake event, and judging the hanging wall tunnel face and the heading side tunnel face according to the fault attitude. According to the excavation method, rockburst disasters caused when the tunnel faces of the deep tunnel pass through the fault are effectively reduced or avoided, construction safety of the deep tunnel is ensured, and the construction speed of a project is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to constructing tunnel field, be specifically related to a kind of excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk that reduces, be applicable to the buried hard rock tunnel engineerings such as mine, traffic, water conservancy and hydropower.
Background technology
Rock burst is in high stress environment, accumulates in the elastic deformation potential energy fierce release suddenly in rock mass under excavation or other external disturbances, and the phenomenon that causes rock explosion and eject, is a kind of Power geological disaster of complexity.It is often in the mode of " surprise attack ", make underground construction generation catastrophic failure, the safety of serious threat constructor and equipment not only, affect construction speed, but also can cause, underground construction is backbreak, preliminary bracing was lost efficacy, when serious, even bringing out earthquake, is one of major casualty of deep tunnel engineering.
Many engineering practices show, it is closely related that the generation of rock burst and tunnel tunnel face pass through the direction of fault region.Research is found, due to tectonic termination the continuity of tunnel roof rock mass, when face advances from lower wall to tomography, tunnel overlying rock in tomography influence basin will be moved, thereby cause tomography " activation ", cause rock mass along fault plane generation shearing slip sudden outburst great number of elastic deformation energy; In addition, when face is during near tomography, from lower wall to tomography, advance the rock mass motion that causes by dish to tomography, advance cause violent; Moreover in tomography progradation, the suffered normal stress of fault plane increases to some extent from upper dish, tunnel top rock mass forms masonry beam type or transmits beam type balanced structure, make tomography be difficult for " activation ", while only having near face is advanced into fault plane, tomography just starts " activation ".Visible, in deep tunnel digging process, the rock burst hazard that the rock burst hazard producing when lower wall face advances to tomography will produce to tomography progradation higher than upper dish face, a large amount of rock burst faithful records have also absolutely proved this point.Therefore, under the condition allowing at execution conditions, should select to pass through from upper dish the excavation method of fault region, so that the rock burst hazard causing when effectively reducing or avoiding tunnel tunnel face to pass through tomography.
Usually, for accelerating construction progress, Deep-buried Long And Big Tunnels is taked the tunneling method of long hole hand-to-hand fight in tights conventionally, forms thus many hole sections of driving in opposite directions, and this tunneling direction near Faults face selects to provide condition.For selecting properly face passes through the tunneling direction of tomography, before excavation, survey in advance front of tunnel heading fault parameter and just seem particularly important.At present, the method for surveying tunnel tunnel face front tomography mainly contains advance geologic prediction as advance borehole method, geophysical prospecting (as TSP, geological radar), due to these methods, surveys at every turn and need take the very long engineering time, tends to affect Tunnel Construction Schedule; Can real-time detection front of tunnel heading tomography situation and utilize, the On Microseismic Monitoring Technique that does not affect again construction speed determines that the excavation method that face passes through fault region direction there is not yet report in time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the problem that prior art exists, a kind of excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk that reduces is provided, the rock burst hazard causing when reducing or avoiding tunnel tunnel face to pass through tomography, guarantees safety for tunnel engineering and accelerates engineering construction progress.
Reduce the excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, two of same deep tunnel, tunnel in opposite directions face rear respectively and arrange three row's sensors, monitoring and gather the microseism ripple signal that rock micro rupture process is sent; While starting to monitor, the most front-seat sensor is distance A apart from the distance of face, and a rear row is apart from B with the distance of last row's sensor; When the distance of the most front-seat sensor and face reaches distance A+apart from B, to reclaim last row's sensor and be arranged on apart from face distance A place, the continuous propelling along with face, repeats this operation, makes sensor closely follow face and moves; In whole observation process, must keep being all the time no less than 4 sensors in running order;
The microseism ripple signal that step 3, identification and extraction rock micro rupture process are sent obtains the micro rupture position of microseismic event;
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is upper dish face, by upper dish face, pass through tomography;
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is lower wall face, stop lower wall face driving, change by the unidirectional driving of upper dish area, and pass through tomography, until connect with the lower wall face that stops driving.
In step 1 as above, placement sensor comprises the following steps:
Near face be front-seat sensor, often arrange and put 2 sensors, one of them is contained in tunnel side wall, another is arranged on tunnel vault, rear one row and last row's sensor in the projection of bottom surface, tunnel, be and be staggeredly arranged; The anchor pole for sensor installation is arranged in, Dong Bi arid region complete at country rock, and anchor pole must and be fixed with cement mortar Anchor Agent through country rock relax zone, and all the sensors adopts the mode detachably recycling to be arranged on anchor pole afterbody.
Step 3 as above comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, while recording the observing of microseismic event, and equation when setting up following microseism ripple and walking:
(x
i-x
0)
2+(y
i-y
0)
2+(z
i-z
0)
2-V
2(t
i-t)
2＝0；i=1～m，m≥4；
Wherein, (x
0, y
0, z
0) be microquake sources coordinate, t is microseismic event time of origin; (x
i, y
i, z
i) be i sensor measurement coordinate, V is microseism P or S wave velocity, t
ibe i sensor while receiving observing of microseism P or S ripple, m is the number of sensors that receives microseism ripple signal,
By each sensor coordinates (x
i, y
i, z
i) and t during the observing of the microseism P that receives or S ripple
isubstitution above formula, solves the positioning result that obtains microseismic event.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by microseism technology, two of deep tunnels are tunneled to face digging process in opposite directions and monitor continuously, real-time detection front of tunnel heading tomography situation, for guaranteeing that passing through fault region from upper dish face provides reliable basis, thereby the rock burst hazard causing when can effectively reduce or avoid tunnel tunnel face to pass through tomography, guarantee safety for tunnel engineering, accelerate engineering construction progress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The plane figure that Fig. 1 arranges for tunneling in opposite directions face rear sensor;
Fig. 2 is the projective distribution of microseismic event on tunnel longitudinal sectional view.
Fig. 3 is upper and lower dish face to the microseismic event, accumulative total microseism energy and the rock burst Evolution in time that produce in tomography progradation.
In figure: 1-tunnel; 2-face; 3-face; 4-sensor; 5-microseismic event; 6-tomography.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described in detail:
Embodiment 1:
Reduce the excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk, described method is carried out according to the following steps:
Step 1, two of same deep tunnel, tunnel in opposite directions face rear respectively and arrange three row's sensors, monitoring and gather the microseism ripple signal that rock micro rupture process is sent; Near face be front-seat sensor, often arrange and put 2 sensors, one of them is contained in tunnel side wall, another is arranged on tunnel vault, rear one row and last row's sensor in the projection of bottom surface, tunnel, be and be staggeredly arranged; The anchor pole for sensor installation is arranged in, Dong Bi arid region complete at country rock, and anchor pole must and be fixed with cement mortar Anchor Agent through country rock relax zone, and all the sensors adopts the mode detachably recycling to be arranged on anchor pole afterbody; While starting to monitor, the most front-seat sensor is apart from face 70m, and a rear row is 30m with the distance of last row's sensor; When the distance of the most front-seat sensor and face reaches 100m, reclaim last row's sensor and be arranged on apart from face 70m place, the continuous propelling along with face, repeats this operation, make sensor closely follow face and move, a situation arises effectively to monitor front of tunnel heading rock mass micro rupture; In whole observation process, must keep being all the time no less than 4 sensors in running order, so that microseismic event positioning analysis is guaranteed the continuity that microseism data gathers;
Step 3, identification and extract the microseism ripple signal that rock micro rupture process is sent, during the observing of accurate recording microseism ripple, and equation when setting up following microseism ripple and walking:
(x
i-x
0)
2+(y
i-y
0)
2+(z
i-z
0)
2-V
2(t
i-t)
2＝0(i=1,2...,m，m≥4)
Wherein, (x
0, y
0, z
0) be microquake sources coordinate, t is microseismic event time of origin; (x
i, y
i, z
i) be i sensor measurement coordinate, V is microseism ripple (P or S ripple) speed, t
ibe i sensor while receiving observing of microseism ripple (P or S ripple), m is the number of sensors that receives microseism ripple signal.
By each sensor coordinates (x
i, y
i, z
i) and t during the observing of the microseism ripple (P or S ripple) that receives
isubstitution above formula forms an equation group, and it is solved to the positioning result that can obtain microseismic event.A microseismic event in the present embodiment represents rock micro rupture signal one time, with medicine ball, represents, the positional representation microquake sources of ball is microseismic event position.
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is upper dish face, by upper dish face, pass through tomography;
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is lower wall face, stop lower wall face driving, change by the unidirectional driving of upper dish face, and pass through tomography, until connect with the lower wall face that stops driving.
The technical problem that technical scheme of the present invention solves is, for deep tunnel, pass through fault region Rockburst Problem, a kind of excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk that reduces is provided, by analyzing front of tunnel heading microseismic event distribution situation in tunnel excavation process, anticipation front of tunnel heading fault parameter, for guaranteeing that passing through fault region from upper dish face provides reliable basis, to reach reduction or to eliminate the rockburst risk that face passes through fault region, guarantee safety for tunnel engineering, accelerate the object of engineering construction progress.
Utilize the technical scheme described in embodiment 1 to process certain deep tunnel mileage pile No. 7700-8200m region, buried depth is 2300-2400m, and formation lithology is white mountain group marble, belongs to strong rock burst region.Left side, tunnel face, in tunneling process, have a tomography, and left side face is in footwall, as shown in Figure 2 according to microseismic event distribution situation judgement front of tunnel heading.Therefore, stop left side lower wall face driving (now left side lower wall face is apart from the about 30m of tomography) on December 17th, 2010, change by coiling the unidirectional driving of face on right side, and pass through tomography, until connect with left side lower wall face.Upper and lower dish face to the microseismic event producing in tomography progradation, accumulative total microseism can (microseism can refer to the elastic strain energy that in microseismic event production process, country rock discharges, accumulative total microseism can be the algebraical sum of a plurality of microseismic event microseisms energy) and rock burst Evolution is in time as shown in Figure 3, visible, lower wall face is to producing a large amount of microseismic event in tomography progradation and accumulative total microseism can be high, country rock micro rupture is movable strong, potential high rockburst risk, in fact, 3 slight and 2 medium rock bursts of on-the-spot generation; And upper dish face to tomography, advance and pass through the microseismic event that produces in the process of tomography can be relative all less with accumulative total microseism, a little less than the activity relatively of country rock micro rupture, potential rockburst risk is lower, rock burst statistical result showed, only there is 2 slight rock bursts in scene.To sum up analyze and can obviously find out, at near Faults 30m place, stop lower wall face driving, change by the unidirectional driving of upper dish face and pass through tomography, until connect with lower wall face, what the rock burst number of times causing thus obviously produced to tomography progradation compared with lower wall face lacks, strength grade is obviously low, this explanation is taked after technical scheme of the present invention, can reach the object that remarkable reduction face passes through the rockburst risk of fault region, thereby guarantee safety for tunnel engineering, accelerate engineering construction progress.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. reduce the excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, two of same deep tunnel, tunnel in opposite directions face rear respectively and arrange three row's sensors, monitoring and gather the microseism ripple signal that rock micro rupture process is sent; While starting to monitor, the most front-seat sensor is distance A apart from the distance of face, and a rear row is apart from B with the distance of last row's sensor; When the distance of the most front-seat sensor and face reaches distance A+apart from B, to reclaim last row's sensor and be arranged on apart from face distance A place, the continuous propelling along with face, repeats this operation, makes sensor closely follow face and moves; In whole observation process, must keep being all the time no less than 4 sensors in running order;
Step 2, to take deep tunnel mileage pile No. and datum mark be basis, measures the space coordinates of each installation of sensors position;
The microseism ripple signal that step 3, identification and extraction rock micro rupture process are sent obtains the micro rupture position of microseismic event;
Step 4, analysis microseismic event space distribution rule, when front of tunnel heading microseismic event is wire distribution, the spreading direction judgement fault parameter according to microseismic event on tunnel longitudinal sectional view;
Step 5, according to fault parameter judgement upper dish face and lower wall face,
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is upper dish face, by upper dish face, pass through tomography;
When the face of the place ahead microseismic event exposure fault parameter is lower wall face, stop lower wall face driving, change by the unidirectional driving of upper dish area, and pass through tomography, until connect with the lower wall face that stops driving.
2. a kind of excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk that reduces according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1, placement sensor comprises the following steps:
Near face be front-seat sensor, often arrange and put 2 sensors, one of them is contained in tunnel side wall, another is arranged on tunnel vault, rear one row and last row's sensor in the projection of bottom surface, tunnel, be and be staggeredly arranged; The anchor pole for sensor installation is arranged in, Dong Bi arid region complete at country rock, and anchor pole must and be fixed with cement mortar Anchor Agent through country rock relax zone, and all the sensors adopts the mode detachably recycling to be arranged on anchor pole afterbody.
3. a kind of excavation method that deep tunnel passes through fault region rockburst risk that reduces according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 3 comprises the following steps:
Step 3.1, while recording the observing of microseismic event, and equation when setting up following microseism ripple and walking:
(x
i-x
0)
2+(y
i-y
0)
2+(z
i-z
0)
2-V
2(t
i-t)
2＝0；i=1～m，m≥4；
Wherein, (x
0, y
0, z
0) be microquake sources coordinate, t is microseismic event time of origin; (x
i, y
i, z
i) be i sensor measurement coordinate, V is microseism P or S wave velocity, t
ibe i sensor while receiving observing of microseism P or S ripple, m is the number of sensors that receives microseism ripple signal,
By each sensor coordinates (x
i, y
i, z
i) and t during the observing of the microseism P that receives or S ripple
isubstitution above formula, solves the positioning result that obtains microseismic event.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN103941282A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Judging method for rock burst risk area during excavating lower step of deep large cross-section tunnel |
| CN106869943A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-20 | 西南交通大学 | Pass through the construction method of the dynamic secondary liner structure of subway tunnel error resilience of active fault |
| CN108490485A (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-09-04 | 成都理工大学 | Double track tunnel Microseismic monitoring system and its positioning accuracy appraisal procedure |
| CN109441455A (en) * | 2019-01-12 | 2019-03-08 | 韩少鹏 | A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method |
| CN109779635A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-21 | 韩少鹏 | A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method |
| CN110107308A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | It is a kind of generation in tunnel TBM cutterhead the grade of rock burst determine method |
| CN110186340A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-30 | 山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司 | Fully-mechanized mining working meets the method to make smooth advances when tomography |
| CN111290022A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-06-16 | 四川大学 | Rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103941282A (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2014-07-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Judging method for rock burst risk area during excavating lower step of deep large cross-section tunnel |
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| CN106869943A (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-06-20 | 西南交通大学 | Pass through the construction method of the dynamic secondary liner structure of subway tunnel error resilience of active fault |
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| CN111290022A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2020-06-16 | 四川大学 | Rock tunnel potential seepage channel identification method based on microseism monitoring |
| CN109441455A (en) * | 2019-01-12 | 2019-03-08 | 韩少鹏 | A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method |
| CN109441455B (en) * | 2019-01-12 | 2020-06-30 | 黄捷军 | Tunnel engineering safety construction excavation method |
| CN109779635A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-21 | 韩少鹏 | A kind of tunnel Engineering safe excavation method |
| CN110107308A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-09 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | It is a kind of generation in tunnel TBM cutterhead the grade of rock burst determine method |
| CN110107308B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Grade determination method for rock burst in tunnel TBM cutterhead |
| CN110186340A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-30 | 山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司 | Fully-mechanized mining working meets the method to make smooth advances when tomography |
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