CN110761841B - Mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring - Google Patents
Mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring, which relates to the technical field of mine monitoring and data processing, and specifically comprises the following steps: arranging microseismic monitoring between two working faces of a mine group; constructing and drilling holes in the top plate and the bottom plate, constructing and blasting in each rock stratum, and measuring the wave velocity of vibration wave propagation of each rock stratum; monitoring the two working faces in the mining process to obtain the coordinates and time of the microseismic events, and calculating and solving the maximum value of the interval between the seismic events of the same seismic source when the two working faces monitor the microseismic events generated by the same seismic source; and step four, sequentially counting the ratio of the microseismic events in each time period range, and calculating and determining the space distance of the two microseismic events in the time period group, wherein the maximum value is the mining mutual interference range of the working face. By the method, the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group can be determined quickly and reasonably, and a basis is provided for reasonable optimal arrangement of the two working faces of the area to be mined in the mining area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine monitoring and data processing, in particular to a mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring.
Background
For a particular geological condition, the overburden typically forms a caving zone, a fracture zone and a bending subsidence zone with the coal being mined, wherein the movement of the bending subsidence zone rock layer has a macroscopic control effect on the stress environment of the coal body of the working face covered by the bending subsidence zone. Practice shows that when two working faces are produced simultaneously in a local area of a mine group, the mining activity of one working face causes the high-level roof of a goaf to bend and sink, and the overall action of a thick hard rock stratum causes the stress of the coal body in the area to be redistributed, so that stronger stress disturbance is generated on the coal body of the other working face.
The construction of future coal bases is developed towards a new sustainable development mode with multiple mining areas, oversize mines, high yield, high efficiency and high benefit, with the large centralized and high-efficiency intensive mining of coal mines, the simultaneous mining of multiple working faces in local areas becomes a new normal state, the phenomenon of strong stress disturbance caused by mining is more and more obvious, and the possibility of causing coal rock dynamic disasters of the working faces by the strong disturbance is greatly increased.
At present, a direct and effective method for accurately determining the mining mutual disturbance range of two working faces does not exist, and a method is needed to be provided, wherein the mining disturbance range of the two working faces which are mined under different geological conditions, different exploitation layouts and different stoping design conditions can be calculated, so that a basis is provided for reasonable and optimal arrangement of the two working faces of a to-be-mined area of a mining area in the future, and safe mining of coal is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to quickly and reasonably determine the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group and provide basis for reasonable optimal arrangement of the two working faces of the to-be-mined area of the mining area, the invention provides a mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring specifically comprises the following steps:
step A, arranging microseismic monitoring between two working faces of a mine group;
b, drilling holes in the top plate and the bottom plate, performing construction blasting on each rock stratum, and respectively measuring wave velocity of each rock stratum vibration wave transmitted to the coal bed and the ground surface;
c, monitoring in the mining process of the two working faces to obtain coordinates and time of the microseismic event, monitoring microseismic event data generated by the same seismic source according to the two working faces, and calculating and solving the maximum value of the seismic interval of the same seismic source;
and D, taking the microseismic event data of any two working faces as a microseismic event group, sequentially counting the proportion of the microseismic event group in each time period range, and calculating and determining the space distance of any two microseismic events in the time period group to obtain the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group.
Preferably, step a comprises:
A1. arranging microseismic monitoring systems in the mining ranges of the two working faces of the mine group, and adjusting the time service of the microseismic monitoring systems of the two working faces to be the same;
A2. arranging microseismic detectors on a coal seam roadway and the ground surface of the working face, and withdrawing and installing the microseismic detectors along with the mining advancing direction of the working face in sequence to continuously receive rock stratum fracture microseismic signals in the mining process of the working face;
A3. collecting microseismic signals generated by fracture instability of the coal bed and the overlying rock stratum in the working face mining process, processing and inverting the spatial position of the microseismic event through a microseismic system, and determining the position of the rock stratum of the microseismic event by combining a stratum comprehensive histogram of the working face position.
Preferably, in the step a, the information of the rock stratum at the occurrence position of the microseismic event is monitored and recorded, and the highest position to the lowest position of the rock stratum at which the microseismic event occurs are marked as the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum m, and the rock stratum m to the rock stratum n respectively; wherein n is a positive integer, and m is any positive integer between 1 and n.
Further preferably, step B comprises:
B1. b, respectively constructing and drilling holes in the crossheading of the two working surfaces or in the earth surface above the working surfaces towards the positions of a top plate and a bottom plate of the coal seam, wherein the hole bottom of each constructed and drilled hole is the middle part of the rock stratum marked in the step A and subjected to the microseismic event, 200-2000 g of explosive is buried in each hole bottom, and the spatial position coordinates of the explosive are (a, b and c);
B2. determining the three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors in the coal seam in the same coordinate system and recording the three-dimensional coordinates as (d)1，e1，f1)，(d2，e2，f2)，···(dn，en，fn) (ii) a The three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors on the earth surface are marked as (d)1’，e1’，f1’)，(d2’，e2’，f2’)，···(dn’，en’，fn’)；
B3. Determining the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector in the coal bed as follows:
and the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector on the earth surface are respectively as follows:
B4. controlling the explosive to detonate, controlling the rock stratum marked to have the microseismic event in the step A to detonate once layer by layer, and recording the detonation moment as t for the rock stratum 10Simultaneously recording the shock initiation time t of the microseismic event caused by the detonation measured by the microseismic detector in the coal seam1～tnCalculating the average wave velocity from the explosive space coordinate to each microseismic detector in the coal bed as
V is to be1～vnTaking the mean value
As the average wave velocity of the formation 1 shock wave propagating into the coal seam, wherein
Further preferably, step B further comprises: repeating the calculation process in the step B4 to respectively obtain the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 1 vibration wave transmitted to the surface
And the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to the coal bed
Average wave velocity of rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to surface
It is also preferred that step C specifically comprises:
C1. marking the positions of the two working faces and all position coordinates of the microseismic detectors in the recovery process during the simultaneous recovery period of the two working faces of the mine group, and calculating the maximum space distance l between any two microseismic detectors in the two working facesmax；
C2. Selecting the average wave velocity of the vibration waves from the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum n to be transmitted to the coal bed
And the average wave velocity of the vibration waves from the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum n transmitted to the surface
Minimum value v ofmin；
C3. When two working surfaces monitor the microseismic events generated by the same seismic source, the maximum value of the microseismic event seismic time interval is calculated
Still preferably, step D specifically includes:
D1. recording the three-dimensional coordinates and the earthquake initiating time of the microseismic event information monitored during the simultaneous recovery of the two working surfaces, wherein the microseismic event information of one working surface is respectively recorded as (x)1,y1,z1,t1)、(x2,y2,z2,t2)、…、(xk,yk,zk,tk) And the microseismic event information of the other working surface is respectively marked as (X)1,Y1,Z1,T1)、(X2,Y2,Z2,T2)、…、(Xk,Yk,Zk,Tk)；
D2. Selecting one from the microseismic events monitored by the two working surfaces to form a microseismic event group, and calculating any oneTime interval of microseismic events within a group of microseismic events, Δ T ═ Tk-tkStatistics of time periods (. DELTA.t)'max,10s]、(10s,20s]、(20s,30s]、…、((n-1)×10s,n×10s]The number of microseismic event groups in a time period of (n × 10s, (n +1) × 10s]If no microseismic event group exists, stopping counting, wherein n is an integer greater than 1;
D3. calculating the total number C of the microseismic event groups as C1+C2+…+CnCounting the number of the microseismic event groups in each time period in the step D2 to be C1、C2、…Cm…、Cn；
D4. Respectively calculating the number of the microseismic event groups in the first n time periods:
when P is satisfiedm-1Less than or equal to 70 percent and PmSelecting a time period (delta t ') when the concentration is more than 70 percent'max,m×10s]All microseismic event groups are arranged in the seismic reservoir, and m is any positive integer between 1 and n; calculating the space distance l of two microseismic events in all the microseismic event groups in the selected time period, and taking the maximum value l of lmaxNamely the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group.
The invention provides a mine group working face mining mutual disturbance range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring, wherein the disturbance range in the simultaneous mining process of two working faces of a mine group is determined by using microseismic monitoring, firstly, the propagation speed of a shock wave in a coal rock layer under the geological condition is measured by controlling blasting, then, the coordinate and time of a microseismic event monitored by a microseismic detector in the mining process of the working faces are determined according to the propagation speed, the method determines the condition which is more consistent with the actual condition, the maximum time interval of the origin time is determined according to microseismic event monitoring data with the same seismic source, and finally, the mining mutual disturbance range is determined by the statistics of a microseismic event group and the space distance of the microseismic event, so that the blank that the mining mutual disturbance range of the two working faces of the mine group cannot be determined is.
The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, flexible monitoring and calculation and strong applicability, can effectively calculate the mutual disturbance range in the mining process of the two working faces under various working conditions, can reasonably optimize the arrangement of the working faces according to the range after determining the mutual disturbance range, and provides a basis for the design of the two working faces of the to-be-mined area of the mining area in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the location of adjacent work surfaces and the placement of microseismic detectors;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of microseismic event monitoring;
in the figure: 1-explosives, 2-blastholes, 3-microseismic detectors, 4-various rock formations that generate microseismic events.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a specific embodiment of a method for calculating a mining mutual disturbance range of a mine group working face based on microseismic monitoring provided by the invention is as follows.
Because a method for determining mining mutual disturbance ranges of two working faces of a mine group does not exist at present, the mutual disturbance ranges cannot be determined when the two working faces are mined simultaneously, and the working faces cannot be reasonably arranged under the condition that the mining disturbance ranges are uncertain. The invention provides a mine group working face mining mutual disturbance range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring, wherein the disturbance range in the simultaneous mining process of two working faces of a mine group is determined by using microseismic monitoring, firstly, the propagation speed of a shock wave in a coal rock layer under the geological condition is measured by controlling blasting, then, the coordinate and time of a microseismic event monitored by a microseismic detector in the mining process of the working faces are determined according to the propagation speed, the method determines the condition which is more consistent with the actual condition, the maximum time interval of the origin time is determined according to microseismic event monitoring data with the same seismic source, and finally, the mining mutual disturbance range is determined by the statistics of a microseismic event group and the space distance of the microseismic event, so that the blank that the mining mutual disturbance range of the two working faces of the mine group cannot be determined is.
A mine group working face mining mutual interference range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring specifically comprises the following steps:
and step A, arranging microseismic monitoring between two working faces of the mine group.
Specifically, the step A comprises the following steps:
A1. and micro-seismic monitoring systems are arranged in the mining ranges of the two working faces of the mine group, the time service of the micro-seismic monitoring systems of the two working faces is adjusted to be the same, and the accuracy of monitoring and recording at each moment is ensured.
A2. Microseismic detectors are arranged on a coal seam roadway and the ground surface of the working face, and are sequentially withdrawn and mounted along with the mining advancing direction of the working face, so that a rock stratum fracture microseismic signal in the mining process of the working face is continuously received.
A3. Collecting microseismic signals generated by fracture instability of the coal bed and the overlying rock stratum in the working face mining process, processing and inverting the spatial position of the microseismic event through a microseismic system, and determining the position of the rock stratum of the microseismic event by combining a stratum comprehensive histogram of the working face position.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of monitoring vibration signals generated by fracture instability of a coal bed and an overlying rock stratum in the mining process of two working faces in real time through a microseismic sensor, performing space positions of microseismic events by using microseismic system processing software in an inverted mode, importing comprehensive columnar information of strata near the two working faces into software, and displaying the positions of the rock strata where the microseismic events occur by using the software.
In addition, monitoring and recording the rock stratum information of the occurrence position of the microseismic event in the step A, and marking the highest layer position to the lowest layer position of the rock stratum with the microseismic event as a rock stratum 1 to a rock stratum m and marking the rock stratum m to a rock stratum n (rock stratum 1 to n); wherein n is a positive integer, and m is any positive integer between 1 and n.
And B, drilling holes in the top plate and the bottom plate, performing construction blasting on each rock stratum, and respectively measuring wave velocity of each rock stratum vibration wave transmitted to the coal bed and the earth surface.
Specifically, the step B comprises the following steps:
B1. and B, respectively constructing and drilling holes in the crossheading of the two working surfaces or in the earth surface above the working surfaces towards the positions of the top plate and the bottom plate of the coal seam, wherein the hole bottom of each constructed and drilled hole is the middle part of the rock stratum marked in the step A and subjected to the microseismic event, 200-2000 g of explosive is buried at each hole bottom, and the spatial position coordinates of the explosive are (a, b and c).
B2. Determining the three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors in the coal seam in the same coordinate system and recording the three-dimensional coordinates as (d)1，e1，f1)，(d2，e2，f2)，···(dn，en，fn) (ii) a The three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors on the earth surface are marked as (d)1’，e1’，f1’)，(d2’，e2’，f2’)，···(dn’，en’，fn’)。
B3. Determining the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector in the coal bed as follows:
and the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector on the earth surface are respectively as follows:
B4. artificially controlling the explosive to detonate, controlling the rock stratum marked to have the microseismic event in the step A to detonate once layer by layer, and recording the detonation moment t as t for the rock stratum 10Simultaneously recording the shock initiation time t of the microseismic event caused by the detonation measured by the microseismic detector in the coal seam1～tnCalculating the average wave velocity from the explosive space coordinate to each microseismic detector in the coal bed as
V is to be1～vnTaking the mean value
As the average wave velocity of the formation 1 shock wave propagating into the coal seam, wherein
In addition, step B further comprises: repeating the calculation process in the step B4 to respectively obtain the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 1 vibration wave transmitted to the surface
And the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to the coal bed
Average wave velocity of rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to surface
And C, monitoring in the mining process of the two working faces to obtain the coordinates and time of the microseismic event, monitoring microseismic event data generated by the same seismic source according to the two working faces, and calculating and solving the maximum value of the seismic interval of the same seismic source.
Specifically, the step C includes:
C1. marking the positions of the two working faces and all position coordinates of the microseismic detectors in the recovery process during the simultaneous recovery period of the two working faces of the mine group, and calculating the maximum space distance l between any two microseismic detectors in the two working facesmax。
C2. Selecting the average wave velocity of the vibration waves from the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum n to be transmitted to the coal bed
And the average wave velocity of the vibration waves from the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum n transmitted to the surface
Minimum value v ofmin。
C3. When two working surfaces monitor the microseismic events generated by the same seismic source, the maximum value of the microseismic event seismic time interval is calculated
And D, taking the microseismic event data of any two working faces as a microseismic event group, sequentially counting the proportion of the microseismic event group in each time period range, and calculating and determining the space distance of any two microseismic events in the time period group to obtain the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group.
Specifically, the step D includes:
D1. recording the three-dimensional coordinates and the earthquake initiating time of the microseismic event information monitored during the simultaneous recovery of the two working surfaces, wherein the microseismic event information of one working surface is respectively recorded as (x)1,y1,z1,t1)、(x2,y2,z2,t2)、…、(xk,yk,zk,tk) And the microseismic event information of the other working surface is respectively marked as (X)1,Y1,Z1,T1)、(X2,Y2,Z2,T2)、…、(Xk,Yk,Zk,Tk)。
D2. Selecting one from the microseismic events monitored by the two working surfaces to form a microseismic event group, and calculating the time interval delta T of the microseismic events in any group of microseismic event groups as Tk-tkStatistics of time periods (. DELTA.t)'max,10s]、(10s,20s]、(20s,30s]、…、((n-1)×10s,n×10s]The number of microseismic event groups in a time period of (n × 10s, (n +1) × 10s]If no microseismic event group exists, stopping counting, wherein n is an integer greater than 1.
D3. Calculating the total number C of the microseismic event groups as C1+C2+…+CnCounting the number of the microseismic event groups in each time period in the step D2 to be C1、C2、…Cm…、Cn。
D4. Respectively calculating the number of the microseismic event groups in the first n time periods:
when P is satisfiedm-1Less than or equal to 70 percent and PmSelecting a time period (delta t ') when the concentration is more than 70 percent'max,m×10s]All microseismic event groups are arranged in the seismic reservoir, and m is any positive integer between 1 and n; calculating the space distance l of two microseismic events in all the microseismic event groups in the selected time period, and taking the maximum value l of lmaxNamely the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group.
The method has the advantages of simple steps, reasonable design, flexible monitoring and calculation and strong applicability, can effectively calculate the mutual disturbance range in the mining process of the two working faces under various working conditions, can reasonably optimize the arrangement of the working faces according to the range after determining the mutual disturbance range, and provides a basis for the design of the two working faces of the same coal seam in the to-be-mined area of the mining area in the future.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A mine group working face mining mutual disturbance range calculation method based on microseismic monitoring is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
step A, arranging microseismic monitoring between two working faces of a mine group;
b, drilling holes in the top plate and the bottom plate, performing construction blasting on each rock stratum, and respectively measuring wave velocity of each rock stratum vibration wave transmitted to the coal bed and the ground surface;
c, monitoring in the mining process of the two working faces to obtain coordinates and time of the microseismic event, monitoring microseismic event data generated by the same seismic source according to the two working faces, and calculating and solving the maximum value of the seismic interval of the same seismic source;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
C1. marking the positions of the two working faces and all position coordinates of the microseismic detectors in the recovery process during the simultaneous recovery period of the two working faces of the mine group, and calculating the maximum space distance l between any two microseismic detectors in the two working facesmax；
C2. Selecting rock stratum 1 to rock stratumAverage wave velocity of n vibration waves transmitted to coal seam
And the average wave velocity of the vibration waves from the rock stratum 1 to the rock stratum n transmitted to the surface
Minimum value v ofmin；
C3. When two working surfaces monitor the microseismic events generated by the same seismic source, the maximum value of the microseismic event seismic time interval is calculated
D, taking the microseismic event data of any two working faces as a microseismic event group, sequentially counting the proportion of the microseismic event group in each time period range, and calculating and determining the space distance of any two microseismic events in the time period group to obtain the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
D1. recording the three-dimensional coordinates and the earthquake initiating time of the microseismic event information monitored during the simultaneous recovery of the two working surfaces, wherein the microseismic event information of one working surface is respectively recorded as (x)1,y1,z1,t1)、(x2,y2,z2,t2)、…、(xk,yk,zk,tk) And the microseismic event information of the other working surface is respectively marked as (X)1,Y1,Z1,T1)、(X2,Y2,Z2,T2)、…、(Xk,Yk,Zk,Tk)；
D2. Selecting one from the microseismic events monitored by the two working surfaces to form a microseismic event group, and calculating the time interval delta T of the microseismic events in any group of microseismic event groups as Tk-tkCounting each time period (Δ t)max,10s]、(10s,20s]、(20s,30s]、…、((n-1)×10s,n×10s]The number of microseismic event groups in a time period of (n × 10s, (n +1) × 10s]No micro-shock in the interiorIf the group is grouped, stopping counting, wherein n is an integer greater than 1;
D3. calculating the total number C of the microseismic event groups as C1+C2+…+CnCounting the number of the microseismic event groups in each time period in the step D2 to be C1、C2、…Cm…、Cn；
D4. Respectively calculating the number of the microseismic event groups in the first n time periods:
when P is satisfiedm-1Less than or equal to 70 percent and PmWhen the time is more than 70 percent, selecting a time period (delta t)max,m×10s]All microseismic event groups are arranged in the seismic reservoir, and m is any positive integer between 1 and n; and calculating the spatial distance l of the two microseismic events in all the microseismic event groups in the selected time period, and taking the maximum value of l as the mining mutual interference range of the two working faces of the mine group.
2. The method for calculating the mining mutual disturbance range of the mine group working face based on the microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step A comprises the following steps:
A1. arranging microseismic monitoring systems in the mining ranges of the two working faces of the mine group, and adjusting the time service of the microseismic monitoring systems of the two working faces to be the same;
A2. arranging microseismic detectors on a coal seam roadway and the ground surface of the working face, and withdrawing and installing the microseismic detectors along with the mining advancing direction of the working face in sequence to continuously receive rock stratum fracture microseismic signals in the mining process of the working face;
A3. collecting microseismic signals generated by fracture instability of the coal bed and the overlying rock stratum in the working face mining process, processing and inverting the spatial position of the microseismic event through a microseismic system, and determining the position of the rock stratum of the microseismic event by combining a stratum comprehensive histogram of the working face position.
3. The method for calculating the mining mutual interference range of the mine group working face based on the microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step A, the information of rock strata at the position where the microseismic event occurs is monitored and recorded, the rock strata where the microseismic event occurs is marked, and the positions from the highest position to the lowest position of the rock strata are rock strata 1 to rock stratum n; wherein n is a positive integer.
4. The method for calculating the mining mutual disturbance range of the mine group working face based on the microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the step B comprises the following steps:
B1. b, respectively constructing and drilling holes in the crossheading of the two working surfaces or in the earth surface above the working surfaces towards the positions of a top plate and a bottom plate of the coal seam, wherein the hole bottom of each constructed and drilled hole is the middle part of the rock stratum marked in the step A and subjected to the microseismic event, 200-2000 g of explosive is buried in each hole bottom, and the spatial position coordinates of the explosive are (a, b and c);
B2. determining the three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors in the coal seam in the same coordinate system and recording the three-dimensional coordinates as (d)1，e1，f1)，(d2，e2，f2)，···(dn，en，fn) (ii) a The three-dimensional coordinates of all microseismic detectors on the earth surface are marked as (d)1’，e1’，f1’)，(d2’，e2’，f2’)，···(dn’，en’，fn’)；
B3. Determining the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector in the coal bed as follows:
and the distances between the explosive space coordinate and each microseismic detector on the earth surface are respectively as follows:
B4. controlling the explosive to detonate, controlling the detonation once layer by layer for the rock stratum marked to have the microseismic event in the step A, and controlling the detonation once for the rock stratum marked to have the microseismic event in the step AFormation 1, recording the detonation time t0Simultaneously recording the shock initiation time t of the microseismic event caused by the detonation measured by the microseismic detector in the coal seam1～tnCalculating the average wave velocity from the explosive space coordinate to each microseismic detector in the coal bed as
V is to be1～vnTaking the mean value
As the average wave velocity of the formation 1 shock wave propagating into the coal seam, wherein
5. The method for calculating the mining mutual disturbance range of the mine group working face based on the microseismic monitoring as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step B further comprises the following steps: repeating the calculation process in the step B4 to respectively obtain the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 1 vibration wave transmitted to the surface
And the average wave velocity of the rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to the coal bed
Average wave velocity of rock stratum 2-rock stratum n vibration waves transmitted to surface
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