CN105676267A - Strain type rockburst early warning method based on acoustic signal spectral analysis - Google Patents
Strain type rockburst early warning method based on acoustic signal spectral analysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN105676267A CN105676267A CN201610027006.7A CN201610027006A CN105676267A CN 105676267 A CN105676267 A CN 105676267A CN 201610027006 A CN201610027006 A CN 201610027006A CN 105676267 A CN105676267 A CN 105676267A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS OR SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/48—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use
- G10L25/51—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 specially adapted for particular use for comparison or discrimination
Abstract
A strain type rockburst early warning method based on acoustic signal spectral analysis includes the following steps: acoustic signal acquisition equipment is utilized to acquire acoustic signals in a strain type rockburst destruction process in real time, the acquired acoustic signals are transmitted to an acoustic signal processing system, and are recorded and analyzed in real time; denoising processing is performed on the acquired acoustic signals first, and then spectral analysis is performed in real time on the acoustic signals after denoising, thereby obtaining an amplitude spectrogram of the acoustic signals; whether the development tendency of strain type rockburst exists is judged by analyzing spectrum characteristics of the acoustic signal, and if ''wideband low-amplitude and multi-peak'' acoustic signals appear later, that a strain rockburst disaster is very likely to happen is predicted, and the acoustic signal processing system gives an alarm at a server terminal. The strain type rockburst early warning method based on acoustic signal spectral analysis belongs to a non-contact real-time monitoring means, and has the advantages of remote controllability, safe installation operation, and reliable and stable signals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition, specifically, relate to and rock burst preparation process is sent the voice signal that people's ear can identify carry out spectral decomposition, and it can be used as and differentiate that the possibility and rock burst that whether exist and rock burst occurs are by the precursor information occurred, and belong to rock mechanics and engineering technical field.
Background technology
Currently, along with underground works is expanded to deep, rock burst problem is day by day outstanding. Rock burst be solid rock under high-ground stress state, the country rock power destruction phenomenon caused by excavate and unload, different from general static brittle rupture phenomenon, the notable feature of rock burst is to launch the generation of fracture phenomena. And strain type rock burst is refered in particular in high-ground stress area, owing to excavate and unload forms free face, country rock tangential stress increases gradually, after tangential stress exceedes bearing capacity of the wall rock, occurs rock mass to peel off, collapse and even launch phenomenons such as breaking. Sudden due to rock burst hazard, it is possible to cause the catastrophic effects such as the injures and deaths of personnel, the damage of preparation of construction, the delay of duration. Therefore, how rock burst to be carried out scientific and effective and can apply and the early warning of engineering reality, to be a worldwide difficult problem.
In rock burst early warning field, domestic and international expert, scholar adopt the method such as theoretical analysis, numerical evaluation, physical test to do a large amount of research work, although achieving certain progress, but due to rock burst mechanism high complexity, the rock burst method for early warning proposed lacks universality and early warning poor effect, still can not meet engineering practice requirement completely. At present, in rock burst study of warning, pay close attention to by people based on the early warning technology of acoustic emission and microseism technology, it is most widely used, and achieve certain effect. Its principle is all the vibrations caused by probe monitors rock crack, and then rock burst is carried out early warning. Therefore, microseism and acoustic emission all belong to the monitoring means of contact, and namely signal monitoring probe must have good contact with rock mass, and monitoring result is also existed bigger impact by the vibrations that site operation causes.Meanwhile, owing to strength of signal decays rapidly with the increase of sound source distance, in order to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data, its sensor is often arranged on the country rock closing on rock burst region, therefore, personnel, equipment is existed certain potential safety hazard. In addition, for the microseism equipment of rock burst early warning and acoustic emission equipment also exist expensive, use the problems such as personnel's technical requirements height.
Engineering practice shows, not only with the microseismic signals (≤100Hz) of the acoustic emission signal of high frequency (>=10000Hz) and low frequency in rock burst destructive process, there is the voice signal (20Hz～20000Hz) that people's ear can be heard in past contact. Multiple engineering geological exploration specifications that conventional achievement in research, China are existing, only general using people to the distinguishing rule of the sound size in process of rock-burst as rock burst grade, have ignored the effect of voice signal in rock burst early warning. In fact, rock burst breeds final generation from initial, and multiple destruction can occur successively, different destroys with the voice signal of different characteristics, different voice signals also exists different spectrum signatures, voice signal can long-distance communications in atmosphere, extremely be convenient to receive with gather. In view of voice signal be a kind of can indirectly reflect process of rock-burst have effective information, the present invention proposes a kind of strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition: utilize voice signal early warning system that the voice signal in rock burst preparation process is carried out Real-Time Monitoring, record, fall make an uproar, spectral decomposition, early warning. During deep Underground Engineering Excavation is constructed by the present invention, early warning strain type rock burst hazard has certain directive significance.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, for the defect in the significant damage of rock burst phenomenon and the existing method for early warning based on acoustic emission and microseism technology, a kind of strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition is proposed, make easy to operate and safe, more making rock burst method for early warning more perfect, rock burst early warning is more accurate.
The present invention for achieving the above object, adopts following technical scheme:
Based on a strain type rock burst method for early warning for voice signal spectral decomposition, comprise the following steps:
(1) sound signal collecting equipment is utilized to gather the voice signal in strain type rock burst destructive process in real time, utilizing transmission of sound signals system by the transmission of sound signals that collects to sound signal processing system, the voice signal collected is carried out real time record and analysis by sound signal processing system;
(2) voice signal collected first is carried out the impact that noise reduction process removes neighbourhood noise by sound signal processing system, then carries out spectral decomposition to falling the voice signal after making an uproar in real time, obtains the amplitude spectrum of voice signal;
(3) development trend of strain type rock burst is judged whether to exist by analyzing the spectrum signature of voice signal,
If developing in time, there is the overall variation rule of " dominant frequency value is high frequency is the checker of multimodal to single peak to low frequency migration, spectral shape " in the amplitude spectrum of voice signal, then indicate that rock mass exists strain type rock burst and destroys development trend, otherwise, there is the development trend of static brittle rupture in indication rock mass;
(4) after sound signal processing system judges that rock mass exists strain type rock burst destruction development trend, continue voice signal is carried out Real-Time Monitoring analysis, if the amplitude spectrum monitoring voice signal occurs the voice signal of " wideband, by a narrow margin with multimodal form " subsequently, then having imply that and strain type rock burst hazard greatly may occur, sound signal processing system will be reported to the police to send the form of high-decibel sound or change screen graph at server terminal.
The voice signal that described voice signal behaviour ear can be heard, its range of frequency is 20～20000Hz.
In step (1), sound signal collecting equipment is microphone, digital recording pen or other equipment with real-time audio signal acquisition function.
In step (1), transmission of sound signals system comprises wired or radio transmission apparatus.
In step (2), the spectral decomposition falling the voice signal after making an uproar is specially:
Voice signal is after noise reduction process, each is destroyed the audio file that corresponding voice signal unloading is " WindowsPCM (* .wav) " by sound signal processing system, the mathematical analysis software Matlab2010a that runtime server is installed subsequently, by calling order [y, fs, nbits]=wavread (' filename') read each voice signal destroying correspondence, and utilize the FFT function in Matlab2010a time-frequency work box to carry out real-time FFT to falling the voice signal after making an uproar and draw, preserve each amplitude spectrum destroying corresponding voice signal, according to amplitude spectrum analysis spectrum feature.
Amplitude spectrum. In the frequency domain of signal describes, using frequency as X-coordinate, to form the amplitude of each frequency composition of signal as ordinate zou, the amplitude of amplitude spectrum characterization signal is with the distribution situation of frequency. Strain type rock burst breeds final generation by initial, experienced by different destruction successively, and different destruction is with different voice signals, and alternative sounds signal also exists different spectrum characteristics. Therefore, the spectrum signature of voice signal can be good at reflecting that rock burst is by the whole process breeding final generation.
Dominant frequency value. In voice signal spectral decomposition, dominant frequency value expression signal, after spectral conversion, has the frequency of the highest amplitude, and it best embodies the frequency response characteristic of signal.
Spectral shape. In voice signal spectral decomposition, spectral shape expression signal is after spectral conversion, and the distribution situation of frequency, amplitude, best embodies distribution range and the severity of mixing up of signal frequency, can be used for the Failure type differentiating that voice signal is corresponding.
Compared with prior art, the useful effect that the present invention possesses:
1, the invention belongs to noncontact formula, Real-Time Monitoring means, there is remote-controllable, the reliable and stable advantage of operational safety, signal is installed. Compared with the contact monitoring means such as acoustic emission, microseism, the voice signal that the present invention gathers is by air dielectric long-distance communications, belong to noncontact formula monitoring means, effectively prevent acoustic emission, microseism because Probe arrangement mode, rock mass tomography, structural plane, crack etc. are to the disadvantageous effect of signal transmission. Meanwhile, signal monitoring equipment can be arranged away from rock burst region, and installs simple, quick, security risk when reducing personnel, equipment installation. In addition, voice signal stability in communication process is better, it is possible to avoids disadvantageous effect and the interference of rock mass proterties space high variability, can adapt to large underground hole group, also can be applicable to small-sized single tunnel, have very strong promotional value.
2, the present invention's is on the basis identifying rock burst occurrence tendency, then rock burst is carried out early warning. In underground cavern excavation process except may there is this power destruction of rock burst, the multiple general static brittle rupture such as also there is wall rock loosening, wall caving, country rock peel off, current rock burst method for early warning is difficult to distinguish rock burst and general static brittle rupture, therefore may cause wrong report, misrepresent deliberately. The present invention is by each voice signal destroying correspondence is carried out spectral decomposition, system is according to voice signal frequency spectrum rule over time, first judge whether to there is the trend that strain type rock burst occurs, if there is the trend that strain type rock burst occurs, and monitor the precursor information that rock burst is about to generation, just automatically to rock burst by carrying out early warning, effectively raise specific aim and the accuracy of rock burst early warning.
3, the signal collecting device of the present invention is with low cost, and popularizing application prospect is good.The equipment of collected sound signal is mainly microphone, recording pen or the similar bantam with live sound acquisition function, compare with microseism equipment with acoustic emission, the relative low price of sound collection equipment, maintenance cost is extremely low, reusable, it is applicable to the underground works rock burst early warning of different scales.
4, the present invention has the feature of simple and easy practicality. Whether the installation and debugging of equipment, or the analysis of data results, be all easily understood, it is not necessary to big man power and material drops into, and does not disturb site operation, flexibly and easily, to the underground works strong adaptability under different condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1: the sound conducting apparatus of voice signal arranges exemplary plot.
Accompanying drawing 2: voice signal early warning system principle of work figure.
Accompanying drawing 3: exemplary plot of making an uproar falls in the waveform of voice signal.
Accompanying drawing 4: the voice signal amplitude spectrum of strain type rock burst destructive process.
Accompanying drawing 5: the voice signal amplitude spectrum of static brittle rupture process.
Accompanying drawing 6: the voice signal spectrum signature figure at eve occurs in strain type rock burst.
Accompanying drawing 7: the strain type rock burst breakoff phenomenon that in indoor rock burst test, sound signal waveform key point is corresponding.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail:
(1) sound signal collecting equipment is utilized to gather the voice signal of strain type rock burst destructive process in real time, utilizing transmission of sound signals system by the transmission of sound signals that collects to sound signal processing system, the voice signal collected is carried out real time record and analysis by sound signal processing system. Specific as follows:
For ensureing sound signal collecting precision, preventing the damage of sound signal collecting equipment, in the scope of distance tunnel face 5～10m, interval 10m chooses 2 sound signal collecting equipment layout sections (accompanying drawing 1). Wherein, near tunnel face is work section, and the voice signal collected is for result analysis; Away from tunnel face for check section, be mainly used in signal check and work section equipment lost contact time for subsequent use.
The concrete decoration form of sound signal collecting equipment is: utilizes the termination point of anchor rod of wall rock reinforcement on each section or squeezes into iron nail in the middle part of the country rock of each section both sides respectively, and is fixed on by sound signal collecting equipment on anchor pole or iron nail. After layout completes, need to knocking near tunnel face, monitoring device monitoring effect, adjusts equipment state according to practical situation. The power supply of sound signal collecting equipment can adopt 1.5V alkaline cell or store battery to provide. The voice signal collected by sound signal collecting equipment by sound conducting apparatus data line or wireless transmission device is sent to sound signal processing system (accompanying drawing 2) in real time.
(2) voice signal collected first is carried out the impact that noise reduction process removes neighbourhood noise by sound signal processing system, then carries out spectral decomposition to falling the voice signal after making an uproar in real time, obtains the amplitude spectrum of voice signal;
1. the noise reduction process of voice signal.
Before Real-Time Monitoring, the environment noise of working-yard is gathered, environment noise mainly comprises: electrically noise, many arms brill, rig or hand air drill broken machine, mechanical vibration, sinking and blasting etc., and each neighbourhood noise source is sampled, preserved by the device of making an uproar that falls respectively that utilize sound signal processing system, subsequently the neighbourhood noise sampled is carried out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and extract respective spectrum signature; According to neighbourhood noise spectrum signature, when the voice signal received is recorded by sound signal processing system, by falling the loading sampling functions of device of making an uproar, the different noise samples preserved before is imported live sound monitor signal, realize the removal (accompanying drawing 3) to on-the-spot neighbourhood noise with this.
2. the spectral decomposition of voice signal.
Voice signal is after noise reduction process, each is destroyed the audio file that corresponding voice signal unloading is " WindowsPCM (* .wav) " by sound signal processing system, the mathematical analysis software Matlab2010a that runtime server is installed subsequently, by calling order [y, fs, nbits]=wavread (' filename') read each voice signal destroying correspondence, and utilize the FFT function in Matlab2010a time-frequency work box to carry out real-time FFT to falling the voice signal after making an uproar and draw, preserve each amplitude spectrum (accompanying drawing 4) destroying corresponding voice signal, according to amplitude spectrum analysis spectrum feature.
(3) development trend of strain type rock burst is judged whether to exist by analyzing the spectrum signature of voice signal,
If developing in time, there is the overall variation rule (accompanying drawing 5) of " dominant frequency value is high frequency is the checker of multimodal to single peak to low frequency migration, spectral shape " in the amplitude spectrum of voice signal, then indicate that rock mass exists strain type rock burst and destroys development trend, otherwise, there is the development trend of static brittle rupture in indication rock mass;
(4) after sound signal processing system judges that rock mass exists strain type rock burst destruction development trend, continue voice signal is carried out Real-Time Monitoring analysis, if the amplitude spectrum monitoring voice signal occurs the voice signal (accompanying drawing 6) of " wideband, by a narrow margin with multimodal form " subsequently, then imply that and strain type rock burst hazard greatly may occur.
(5) rock burst is reported to the police. When voice signal is after Spectrum Conversion, there is the Changing Pattern such as (5) in each voice signal spectrum signature destroying correspondence, and occur and (6) described in rock burst precursor information time, then showing that rock burst is about to occur, sound signal processing system will be reported to the police to send the form of high-decibel sound or change screen graph at server terminal.
The present invention is obtained by repeatedly indoor true triaxial rockburst simulation test and multiple engineering rock burst example Scientific summarization, having sturdy scientific research basis and higher reliability, indoor true triaxial rockburst simulation test considers the situation under different lithology, different loading paths or different stress level. Indoor true triaxial rockburst analog reslt shows:
1. to the situation of the final strain type rock burst occurred, voice signal frequency spectrum is in the overall variation rule (accompanying drawing 4) of " dominant frequency value is that high frequency moves to low frequency, spectral shape is the checker of multimodal to single peak ";
2. to the final situation that static brittle rupture occurs, voice signal frequency spectrum is in the integral transformation rule (accompanying drawing 5) of " dominant frequency value be high frequency, and other are single peak in except small cracking in earlier stage to low frequency migration, spectral shape ";
3., when rock burst is about to occur, the frequency spectrum of voice signal will present the feature (accompanying drawing 6) of " wideband, by a narrow margin with multimodal form ".
In the present invention, the voice signal precursor information that the voice signal spectral change characteristic sum rock burst of strain type rock burst preparation process occurs is obtained by a large amount of indoor strain type rock burst simulation test incorporation engineering practice, the former identifies that rock destroys development or the trend discrimination information towards static brittle rupture development towards rock burst, and the latter is the early warning information that rock burst is about to occur. The present invention utilizes the spectral evolution rule of voice signal in strain type rock burst preparation process, for strain type rock burst early warning provides the effective means of a kind of realization safe and reliable, easy.
Claims (5)
1. the strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) sound signal collecting equipment is utilized to gather the voice signal in strain type rock burst destructive process in real time, utilizing transmission of sound signals system by the transmission of sound signals that collects to sound signal processing system, the voice signal collected is carried out real time record and analysis by sound signal processing system;
(2) voice signal collected first is carried out the impact that noise reduction process removes neighbourhood noise by sound signal processing system, then carries out spectral decomposition to falling the voice signal after making an uproar in real time, obtains the amplitude spectrum of voice signal;
(3) development trend of strain type rock burst is judged whether to exist by analyzing the spectrum signature of voice signal,
If developing in time, there is the overall variation rule of " dominant frequency value is high frequency is the checker of multimodal to single peak to low frequency migration, spectral shape " in the amplitude spectrum of voice signal, then indicate that rock mass exists strain type rock burst and destroys development trend, otherwise, there is the development trend of static brittle rupture in indication rock mass;
(4) after sound signal processing system judges that rock mass exists strain type rock burst destruction development trend, continue voice signal is carried out Real-Time Monitoring analysis, if the amplitude spectrum monitoring voice signal occurs the voice signal of " wideband, by a narrow margin with multimodal form " subsequently, then having imply that and strain type rock burst hazard greatly may occur, sound signal processing system will be reported to the police to send the form of high-decibel sound or change screen graph at server terminal.
2. the strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the voice signal that described voice signal behaviour ear can be heard, its range of frequency is 20～20000Hz.
3. the strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (1), sound signal collecting equipment is microphone, digital recording pen or other equipment with real-time audio signal acquisition function.
4. the strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (1), transmission of sound signals system comprises wired or radio transmission apparatus.
5. the strain type rock burst method for early warning based on voice signal spectral decomposition according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, in step (2), the spectral decomposition falling the voice signal after making an uproar is specially:
Voice signal is after noise reduction process, each is destroyed the audio file that corresponding voice signal unloading is " WindowsPCM (* .wav) " by sound signal processing system, the mathematical analysis software Matlab2010a that runtime server is installed subsequently, by calling order [y, fs, nbits]=wavread (' filename') read each voice signal destroying correspondence, and utilize the FFT function in Matlab2010a time-frequency work box to carry out real-time FFT to falling the voice signal after making an uproar and draw, preserve each amplitude spectrum destroying corresponding voice signal, according to amplitude spectrum analysis spectrum feature.
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| CN112051548B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2024-03-22 | 武汉工程大学 | Rock burst monitoring and positioning method, device and system |
| CN112051548A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-12-08 | 武汉工程大学 | Rock burst monitoring and positioning method, device and system |
| CN112200238A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-08 | 广西大学 | Hard rock tension-shear fracture identification method and device based on sound characteristics |
| CN112200238B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2024-03-29 | 广西大学 | Hard rock pulling shear rupture identification method and device based on sound characteristics |
| CN113094641A (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-07-09 | 北京建筑大学 | K-nearest neighbor rock burst prediction method and device based on big data visualization analysis |
| CN113094641B (en) * | 2021-06-04 | 2021-10-08 | 北京建筑大学 | K-nearest neighbor rock burst prediction method and device based on big data visualization analysis |
| CN114047560A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-15 | 成都理工大学 | Edge-calculation-oriented sound signal lithology recognition system |
| WO2023115811A1 (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2023-06-29 | 广西大学 | Method, apparatus and device for monitoring multi-scale fracture of hard rock by using multi-band acoustic signals, and storage medium |
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