CN108225905B - Acoustic emission monitoring unit of true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment - Google Patents
Acoustic emission monitoring unit of true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225905B CN108225905B CN201711430420.3A CN201711430420A CN108225905B CN 108225905 B CN108225905 B CN 108225905B CN 201711430420 A CN201711430420 A CN 201711430420A CN 108225905 B CN108225905 B CN 108225905B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic emission monitoring unit for a true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment, which comprises a top bottom plate clamp, a lateral non-unloading surface clamp, a lateral unloading surface clamp and an acoustic emission probe assembly, wherein the top bottom plate clamp is connected with the lateral non-unloading surface clamp; the number of the top and bottom plate clamps is two, and each clamp comprises an acoustic emission probe assembly positioned in the center of the clamp; the lateral non-unloading surface clamps are three, and each clamp comprises two acoustic emission probe assemblies which are arranged in a diagonal mode. The monitoring unit can not only be in direct contact with the coal rock body for accurate monitoring, but also realize the functions of triaxial loading, pressure maintaining and single-sided unloading, and can accurately detect the micro-fracture event and clear waveform of the coal rock body during loading.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a monitoring unit, in particular to an acoustic emission monitoring unit for a true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment.
Background
With the rapid development of global economy, the demand of various countries in the world for various mineral resources is increasing day by day, the mineral resources buried in shallow layers are far from meeting the requirements of human beings, and the mining activities of the countries for the resources continuously extend to the deep part of the stratum. Although human beings have a series of complete research results on shallow underground engineering at present, because the deep rock mass has a deformation failure mechanism which is greatly different from that of the shallow rock mass under the action of high ground stress, human beings adopt a plurality of physical means to detect and discover that the damage of the deep roadway surrounding rock can generate a zone fracture phenomenon that a fracture zone and a non-fracture zone alternately appear.
True triaxial experiments can further divide confining pressure into intermediate principal stress (σ) as compared to conventional triaxial experiments2) With maximum (small) principal stress (σ)1(σ3) The method and the device can realize the independent control of the three-dimensional stress, more truly simulate the evolution of a complex stress path caused by underground engineering excavation under complex geological conditions, and deeply explore the mechanical property and the failure mechanism of the deep coal rock mass.
As a widely adopted nondestructive monitoring method, the acoustic emission method determines the damage property and degree of the detection object by carrying out acoustic emission identification on the detection object, and meets the requirements of rapid dynamic monitoring and damage evaluation. In rock mechanics experiments, when the loading pressure is only 20% of the pressure required for the coal-rock structure to be damaged, stress waves are generated and energy is propagated, and the intensity of an acoustic emission signal is more severe along with the increase of the loading pressure. Therefore, by arranging a plurality of acoustic emission probes around the coal rock sample, synchronous acquisition and data processing analysis during the experiment can be carried out, and the instability destruction characteristics of the coal rock can be evaluated.
Most of the existing true triaxial experiments can only detect through monitoring equipment such as ultrasonic waves, acoustic emission and the like arranged outside the oil cylinder and the clamp, and cannot be in direct contact with the coal rock mass to accurately monitor, so that a large monitoring error is generated, and meanwhile, the crack position inside the coal rock mass is difficult to position.
Although some patents design true triaxial physical mechanical imaging units capable of realizing accurate positioning of micro-fracture, experiments of complex stress paths such as single-side unloading and dynamic load impact cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an acoustic emission monitoring unit for a true triaxial mining coal-rock mass dynamic display experiment, which not only can be in direct contact with a coal-rock mass for accurate monitoring, but also can realize the functions of triaxial loading, pressure maintaining and single-sided unloading, and can be used for accurately detecting a micro-fracture event and a clear waveform during the loading of the coal-rock mass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the acoustic emission monitoring unit comprises two top and bottom plate clamps, two lateral unloading surface clamps and three acoustic emission probe assemblies, wherein each clamp comprises one acoustic emission probe assembly positioned in the center of the clamp, and each clamp comprises two acoustic emission probe assemblies which are arranged in a diagonal manner;
the lateral non-unloading surface clamp comprises a first sample clamp component and a first pressure head clamp component, the first sample clamp component and the first pressure head clamp component are connected through bolts, a first round hole which is communicated along the thickness direction of the first sample clamp component and a first groove which is communicated with the first round hole and is perpendicular to the side edge are diagonally arranged on the first sample clamp component, a first blind hole which is communicated along the thickness direction of the first blind hole and a second groove which is communicated with the first blind hole and is perpendicular to the side edge are diagonally arranged on the first pressure head clamp component, the first round hole is coaxial with the first blind hole, the diameter of the first blind hole is larger than that of the first round hole to form a first step hole, and the first groove corresponds to the second groove in shape and position to form a lateral non-unloading surface clamp groove;
the top and bottom plate clamp comprises a second sample facing clamp component and a second pressure head facing clamp component, the second sample facing clamp component and the second pressure head facing clamp component are connected through bolts, a second round hole which is through along the thickness of the second sample facing clamp component and a third groove which is communicated with the second round hole and is perpendicular to the side edge are formed in the center of the second sample facing clamp component, the second pressure head facing clamp component is provided with a second blind hole which is along the thickness direction of the second blind hole and a fourth groove which is communicated with the second blind hole and is perpendicular to the side edge, the second round hole is coaxial with the second blind hole, the diameter of the second blind hole is larger than that of the second round hole to form a second step hole, and the third groove corresponds to the fourth groove in shape and;
the lateral unloading surface clamp is a solid rectangular steel plate;
the acoustic emission probe assembly comprises a probe, an anti-shearing protective sleeve and a buffering compression spring, the anti-shearing protective sleeve is a step-type hollow cylinder, a through groove is formed in the side edge of the anti-shearing protective sleeve, the groove width of the through groove is equal to that of a non-unloading surface clamp groove and a top and bottom plate clamp groove, the probe is installed in the anti-shearing protective sleeve, a large shaft of the anti-shearing protective sleeve is installed in a blind hole, a small shaft of the anti-shearing protective sleeve is installed in a round hole, one end of the buffering compression spring abuts against the rear end of the probe, the other end of the buffering compression spring abuts against the bottom end of the blind hole, a probe connecting wire is arranged on the probe, and the probe connecting wire penetrates out of the anti-shearing;
the lateral non-unloading surface clamp and the lateral unloading surface clamp are connected in pairs through screws and L-shaped compression connecting sheets.
Furthermore, the size of the anti-shearing protective sleeve is in clearance fit with the first step hole and the second step hole.
Further, the first sample approaching clamp assembly and the first pressure head clamp assembly are connected through 4 bolts arranged at four corners.
Furthermore, face sample anchor clamps subassembly two with face pressure head anchor clamps subassembly two through setting up 4 bolted connection in the four corners department.
Compared with the prior art: (1) on the premise that the acoustic emission monitoring device and the wiring do not influence the preset function in the experiment period, and the continuous and accurate monitoring of the acoustic emission device on the coal sample is not influenced when the experiment system executes the function, the invention realizes the functions of triaxial loading, pressure maintaining and single-sided unloading by utilizing the true triaxial mining coal and rock mass power display experiment system.
(2) The acoustic emission probe is attached to the surface of the coal sample in real time, the probe can monitor each region in the sample in an arrangement mode, the reflected wave is eliminated by the reflected wave blocking gasket, and the acoustic emission probe can be used for accurately detecting a micro-fracture event and a clear waveform of the sample in a loaded period.
(3) When a true triaxial loaded coal sample is monitored, the rear side of the acoustic emission probe is provided with the buffer compression spring which has the telescopic characteristic, so that the acoustic emission probe is effectively prevented from being crushed due to the plastic deformation load bearing of the sample. In addition, the phenomenon that the clamps extrude each other when the true triaxial is loaded is considered, the shearing problem of the built-in probe caused by the mutual extrusion phenomenon is solved, and the safety of the probe is protected.
(4) The monitoring unit is simple to process and manufacture, convenient to install and debug, convenient to replace the rock sample probe, recyclable, capable of greatly simplifying the experimental procedures, shortening the experimental time and having important significance for the research of the true triaxial coal mining rock mass power display experiment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a true triaxial acoustic emission monitoring unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a probe of a true triaxial acoustic emission monitoring unit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a lateral non-unloading surface clamp;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a top and bottom plate clamp configuration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation of the anti-shear protective sleeve and the probe;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an L-shaped compression connection pad;
in the figure: 1. face sample anchor clamps subassembly one, 2, face pressure head anchor clamps subassembly one, 3, round hole one, 4, blind hole one, 5, recess one, 6, recess two, 7, acoustic emission probe subassembly, 8, top bottom plate anchor clamps, 9, side direction non-unloading face anchor clamps, 10, bolt, 11, face sample anchor clamps subassembly two, 12, face pressure head anchor clamps subassembly two, 13, round hole two, 14, recess three, 15, recess four, 16, blind hole two, 17, side direction unloading face anchor clamps, 18, anti-shear protective sleeve, 19, probe, 20, probe connecting wire, 21, buffering pressure spring, 22, L type compress tightly connection piece, 23, test piece.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an acoustic emission monitoring unit for a true triaxial mining coal and rock mass power visualization experiment adopts an 8-channel emission system, and comprises a top and bottom plate clamp 8, a lateral non-unloading surface clamp 9, a lateral unloading surface clamp 17 and an acoustic emission probe assembly 7, wherein the number of the top and bottom plate clamp 8 is two, each clamp comprises one acoustic emission probe assembly 7 positioned at the center of the clamp, the number of the lateral non-unloading surface clamp 9 is three, and each clamp comprises two acoustic emission probe assemblies 7 arranged in a diagonal manner; after the 4 lateral clamps are connected through the L-shaped pressing connecting gasket 23, the clamp assembly can be placed on a true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment system experiment machine, and the position of the placed probe relative to the test piece 23 is shown in fig. 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the lateral non-discharge surface clamp 9 includes a sample facing clamp assembly one 1 and a indenter clamp assembly one 2, the first sample approaching clamp assembly 1 and the first pressure head clamping assembly 2 are steel plates which are connected through a bolt 10, the sample facing clamp assembly I1 is diagonally provided with 2 round holes I3 which are through along the thickness direction of the sample facing clamp assembly I and a groove I5 which is communicated with the round holes I3 and is vertical to the side edge, the pressure head facing clamp assembly I2 is diagonally provided with 2 blind holes I4 along the thickness direction and a groove II 6 which is communicated with the blind holes I4 and is vertical to the side edge, after the two clamp assemblies are assembled, the first round hole 3 and the first blind hole 4 are coaxial, the diameter of the first blind hole 4 is larger than that of the first round hole 3 to form a first stepped hole, and the first groove 5 corresponds to the second groove 6 in shape and position to form a lateral non-unloading surface clamp groove; an acoustic emission probe assembly 7 is placed in the first step hole after the clamps are combined, and a probe connecting wire 20 penetrates out of the lateral non-unloading surface clamp 9 through the non-unloading surface clamp groove;
as shown in fig. 4, the top and bottom plate clamp 8 includes a second adjacent sample clamp assembly 11 and a second adjacent pressure head clamp assembly 12, the second adjacent sample clamp assembly 11 and the second adjacent pressure head clamp assembly 12 are connected by a bolt 10, a second circular hole 13 penetrating along the thickness of the second adjacent sample clamp assembly 11 and a third groove 14 communicated with the second circular hole 13 and perpendicular to the side edge are formed in the center of the second adjacent sample clamp assembly 11, the second adjacent pressure head clamp assembly 12 is provided with a second blind hole 16 along the thickness direction of the second adjacent sample clamp assembly and a fourth groove 15 communicated with the second blind hole 16 and perpendicular to the side edge, after the two clamp assemblies are assembled, the second circular hole 13 is coaxial with the second blind hole 16, the diameter of the second blind hole 16 is larger than that of the second circular hole 15 to form a second stepped hole, and the third groove 14 corresponds to the fourth groove 15 in shape and position to; an acoustic emission probe assembly 7 is placed in the second step hole after the clamps are combined, and a probe connecting wire 20 penetrates out of the top and bottom plate clamps 8 through the grooves of the top and bottom plate clamps;
the lateral unloading surface clamp 17 is a solid rectangular steel plate;
as shown in fig. 5, the acoustic emission probe assembly 7 includes a probe 19, a shear-proof protection sleeve 18 and a buffering compression spring 21, the shear-proof protection sleeve 18 is a stepped hollow cylinder, and a mounting hole for the probe 19 and the buffering compression spring 21 is formed inside the cylinder, and the diameter of the mounting hole can meet the requirement of accurately mounting the probe 19 and the buffering compression spring 21 therein. The side edge of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 is provided with a through groove, the groove width of the through groove is equal to that of the non-unloading surface clamp groove and the top and bottom plate clamp groove, the probe 19 is installed in the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18, the large shaft of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 is installed in a blind hole, the small shaft of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 is installed in a circular hole, one end of a buffering compression spring 21 abuts against the rear end of the probe 19, the other end of the buffering compression spring abuts against the bottom end of the blind hole, the probe 19 is provided with a probe connecting wire 20, and the probe connecting wire 20 penetrates out of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 and the groove; the buffer compression spring 21 can ensure that the probe 19 is tightly attached to the sample at any time, and can also ensure that the probe 19 has a certain retraction space, so that the probe is prevented from being damaged by plastic deformation of the coal sample.
Install reflection wave separation gasket additional between six anchor clamps and the sample, the separation gasket corresponds 19 positions of probe and opens there is the through-hole, sets up like this, and probe 19 can with sample direct contact, nevertheless in order to guarantee experimental measuring accuracy, paints vaseline between probe 19 and sample during experimental, guarantees that probe 19 and rubber gasket can both fully absorb the sound wave of microdisruption release, reduces the reflection wave influence simultaneously.
The lateral non-unloading surface clamp 9 and the lateral unloading surface clamp 17 are connected in pairs through screws and L-shaped compression connecting pieces 22.
Further, the size of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 is in clearance fit with the first step hole and the second step hole, and the diameter and the length of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 enable the anti-shearing protective sleeve to be accurately assembled in the first step hole and the second step hole.
Further, face sample anchor clamps subassembly 1 with face pressure head anchor clamps subassembly 2 and connect through 4 bolts 10 that set up in four corners department, the accurate assembly of step hole one, the non-face anchor clamps recess of unloading of side direction can be realized to the non-face anchor clamps 9 of unloading of side direction through the non-of 4 bolts 10 assembly.
Further, face sample anchor clamps subassembly two 11 with face pressure head anchor clamps subassembly two 12 and connect through 4 bolts 10 that set up in four corners department, the top bottom plate anchor clamps 8 through 4 bolts 10 assembly can realize the accurate assembly of step hole two, top bottom plate anchor clamps recess.
The installation process of the probe is described by taking the top and bottom plate clamps 8 in fig. 4 as an example: firstly, the probe 19 and the buffer compression spring 21 are arranged in the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18, so that the probe connecting wire 20 is pulled out from the side opening of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18. And placing the assembled acoustic emission probe assembly 7 into the second fixture assembly 12 on the side of the pressure head, aligning the opening side of the anti-shearing protective sleeve 18 with the fourth groove 15 of the second fixture assembly 12 on the side of the pressure head, and leading the probe connecting wire 20 out of the outer side of the fixture. Extend acoustic emission probe subassembly 7 to face in sample side anchor clamps subassembly two 11 the round hole two 13, will face three 14 of test piece side anchor clamps subassembly two 11 and face four 15 accurate correspondences of pressure head side anchor clamps subassembly two 12 recess, it is fixed with 4 bolts 10 installation at four angles departments of anchor clamps subassembly, accomplish the installation of top bottom plate anchor clamps 8. The method of mounting the acoustic emission probe assembly 7 by the lateral non-unload side lateral clamp 9 is similar.
After the acoustic emission probe subassembly 7 of six anchor clamps finishes installing, arrange test piece 23 in the middle of six anchor clamps, at the sample with face the sample anchor clamps subassembly between installation reflection wave separation gasket, separation gasket corresponds 19 positions of probe and opens there is the through-hole, sets up like this, probe 19 can with sample direct contact, but in order to guarantee experimental test accuracy, during the experiment, scribble vaseline between probe 19 and sample, 4 blocks of lateral anchor clamps are through pressing the connection pad piece 22 through the L type as shown in figure 6 and connecting the back, lay on the real triaxial mining coal rock body dynamic display experiment system testing machine, then the testing machine is pre-compressed, after anchor clamps are fixed, the L type that removes the unloading face anchor clamps compresses tightly connection piece 22, during unilateral unloading, thereby lateral unloading face anchor clamps 17 can drop automatically and realize suddenly uninstalling.
Claims (4)
1. The acoustic emission monitoring unit for the true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment is characterized by comprising two top and bottom plate clamps (8), two lateral non-unloading surface clamps (9), two lateral unloading surface clamps (17) and an acoustic emission probe assembly (7), wherein each clamp comprises the acoustic emission probe assembly (7) positioned in the center of the clamp; the number of the lateral non-unloading surface clamps (9) is three, and each clamp comprises two acoustic emission probe assemblies (7) which are arranged in a diagonal manner;
the lateral non-unloading surface clamp (9) comprises a first sample clamp component (1) and a first pressure head clamp component (2), the first sample clamp component (1) and the first pressure head clamp component (2) are connected through a bolt (10), the first sample clamp component (1) is diagonally provided with a first round hole (3) which is communicated along the thickness direction of the sample clamp and a first groove (5) which is communicated with the first round hole (3) and is perpendicular to the side edge, the first pressure head clamp component (2) is diagonally provided with a first blind hole (4) along the thickness direction of the sample clamp and a second groove (6) which is communicated with the first blind hole (4) and is perpendicular to the side edge, the first round hole (3) is coaxial with the first blind hole (4), the diameter of the first blind hole (4) is greater than that of the first round hole (3), a first step hole is formed, and the first groove (5) corresponds to the shape and the position of the second groove (6), forming a lateral non-unloading surface clamp groove;
the top and bottom plate clamp (8) comprises a second sample clamping component (11) and a second pressure head clamping component (12), the second sample clamping component (11) and the second pressure head clamping component (12) are connected through a bolt (10), a round hole II (13) which is through along the thickness of the sample-facing clamp assembly II (11) and a groove III (14) which is communicated with the round hole II (13) and is vertical to the side edge are arranged at the center of the sample-facing clamp assembly II, the pressure head clamp assembly II (12) is provided with a blind hole II (16) along the thickness direction thereof and a groove IV (15) which is communicated with the blind hole II (16) and is vertical to the side edge, the round hole II (13) is coaxial with the blind hole II (16), the diameter of the blind hole II (16) is larger than that of the round hole II (13), a step hole II is formed, and the shape and the position of the groove III (14) correspond to those of the groove IV (15), so that a top-bottom plate clamp groove is formed;
the lateral unloading surface clamp (17) is a solid rectangular steel plate;
the acoustic emission probe assembly (7) comprises a probe (19), an anti-shearing protective sleeve (18) and a buffering compression spring (21), the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18) is a step type hollow cylinder, a through groove is formed in the side edge of the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18), the groove width of the through groove is equal to that of a non-unloading surface clamp groove and a top and bottom plate clamp groove, the probe (19) is installed in the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18), a large shaft of the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18) is installed in a blind hole, a small shaft is installed in a circular hole, one end of the buffering compression spring abuts against the rear end of the probe (19), the other end of the buffering compression spring abuts against the bottom end of the blind hole, a probe connecting wire (20) is arranged on the probe (19), and the probe connecting wire (20) penetrates out of the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18) and the groove of the clamp assembly;
the lateral non-unloading surface clamp (9) and the lateral unloading surface clamp (17) are connected in pairs through screws and L-shaped compression connecting pieces (22).
2. The acoustic emission monitoring unit for the true triaxial mining coal and rock mass dynamic manifestation experiment of claim 1, wherein: the anti-shearing protective sleeve (18) is in clearance fit with the first step hole and the second step hole.
3. The acoustic emission monitoring unit for the true triaxial mining coal and rock mass dynamic manifestation experiment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first clinical sample clamp assembly (1) and the first clinical head clamp assembly (2) are connected through 4 bolts (10) arranged at four corners.
4. The acoustic emission monitoring unit for the true triaxial mining coal and rock mass dynamic manifestation experiment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second sample approaching clamp assembly (11) and the second pressure approaching head clamp assembly (12) are connected through 4 bolts (10) arranged at four corners.
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| CN109085060A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of acoustic emission probe protective device in impact test |
| CN110242267B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-02-18 | 山东科技大学 | Water injection fracturing shear test system and method for simulating geothermal system dry hot rock |
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