CN114486547B - Rock triaxial test device and method for synchronous monitoring of sound wave and sound emission - Google Patents
Rock triaxial test device and method for synchronous monitoring of sound wave and sound emission Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 296
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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Abstract
A rock triaxial test device and method for synchronously monitoring sound waves and sound emission are suitable for rock detection. The hydraulic oil testing device comprises a triaxial chamber filled with hydraulic oil, a pressure frame is arranged on the outer side of the triaxial chamber, a tested rock system is arranged in the triaxial chamber, the tested rock system comprises a rock sample with a columnar structure, a rigid upper liner is arranged below a loading pressure head of a rock mechanical testing system at the top of the rock sample, a rigid lower liner is arranged at the bottom of the rock sample, sound wave transmitting probes and sound wave receiving probes which are tightly attached to the top and bottom surfaces of the rock sample are respectively arranged in the rigid upper liner and the rigid lower liner, a plurality of pairs of sound transmitting probes are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of the rock sample through a plurality of fastening rings on the rock sample, a compression-resistant protective shell is covered on the sound transmitting probes, and a layer of elastic sealing thin rubber tube for preventing the penetration of the hydraulic oil is wrapped on the outer side of the tested rock system. The device simple structure, simple operation, synchronous collection can detect the rock specimen of triaxial loading state, and experimental data interference immunity is strong advantage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an auxiliary monitoring device and method for a triaxial compression test of rock, in particular to a triaxial test device and method for synchronous monitoring of sound waves and sound emission, which are used for laboratory detection.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of mine exploitation depth, engineering and geological conditions are more and more complex, and the surrounding rock structure of deep underground engineering is more and more complex due to high ground stress, high ground temperature, high osmotic pressure and rock formation occurrence environment of exploitation disturbance, which are accompanied by large burial depth. Due to the outstanding contradiction between the high ground stress existing in the deep surrounding rock and the low strength of the surrounding rock body, the surrounding rock body of a roadway is in a plastic or plastic state before excavation, the damage and degradation of the surrounding rock structure and the mechanical property are aggravated by the engineering effect and the environmental conditions (groundwater and ground temperature) in the excavation process, and the broken surrounding rock can be damaged again due to the mining stress formed by resource exploitation, so that the surrounding rock structure and the mechanical property are further weakened. Therefore, in the exploitation of deep mineral resources, the surrounding rock is broken, the surrounding rock is continuously expanded towards the periphery of a roadway, the surrounding rock is broken after being broken and repeatedly broken and broken, the physical and mechanical change rule of the deep rock breaking process can be accurately analyzed, the precondition for preventing the occurrence of the engineering problem is provided, and the triaxial compression test of the rock in the deep high-stress environment can be well simulated, so that the triaxial compression test is an important research method for researching the rock mechanical behavior in the deep high-stress environment.
At present, the existing rock mechanical test system can be used for better developing rock triaxial compression tests under different confining pressures, is influenced by triaxial chamber hydraulic oil (by pumping high-pressure hydraulic oil into triaxial cylinders of a tester, the aim of applying confining pressure (hoop stress) to a rock sample is fulfilled, and the requirement of ground stress in underground engineering is simulated), has a larger limitation on developing acoustic emission and acoustic monitoring tests under the triaxial compression tests, and can only be used for synchronously developing synchronous monitoring of various test data (acoustic emission, wave velocity, photoelastic, CT and the like) of the rock sample under the condition of the uniaxial compression test so as to synchronously reflect the mechanical and physical characteristics of the loaded rock sample. As shown in CN111122323a, the conventional practice of using the acoustic emission system in rock mechanical test is that the acoustic emission probe is directly stuck on the surface of a rock sample (vaseline can be used as a coupling agent between the rock sample and the acoustic emission probe to improve the receiving condition of the acoustic emission probe for stress waves (elastic waves) generated by rapid release of strain energy caused by crack growth, plastic deformation or phase change and the like in the loaded rock sample), but the acoustic emission probe is only suitable for rock mechanical test under uniaxial compression, cannot bear the extrusion action of high confining pressure on the acoustic emission probe under the triaxial compression of the rock sample to be damaged, and cannot avoid the problem of distortion of monitoring data caused by the change of propagation paths of stress waves (elastic waves) due to refraction or reflection of acoustic emission signals in hydraulic oil; the acoustic emission probe protective shell formed by the protective cap and the rear plate is designed in the patent number CN110018244A, so that the acoustic emission probe is prevented from being extruded and damaged under high confining pressure due to direct contact with hydraulic oil, the acoustic emission probe protective shell can be used for monitoring acoustic emission data in the triaxial compression process of a rock sample to a certain extent, but the change of a stress wave (elastic wave) propagation path caused by refraction or reflection of acoustic waves in the hydraulic oil cannot be avoided, the accuracy of acoustic emission monitoring data is reduced, and the requirement of dynamic monitoring of acoustic emission information of the rock sample in the whole process of deformation to damage cannot be met. As described above, the existing rock mechanics acoustic emission test has the following three problems: firstly, the wave velocity test of a rock sample is usually carried out before the test, wave velocity transmitting and receiving probes are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the rock sample to test the wave velocity of the rock sample (Vaseline can be adopted as a coupling agent between the rock sample and the wave velocity probes), so as to test the wave velocity values of similar or different rock samples, evaluate the difference of the similar rock samples (reject the rock sample with abnormal wave velocity, reduce the discreteness of the follow-up rock sample uniaxial and triaxial compression test results) or analyze the difference of the wave velocities of different rock samples to judge the rock properties. The reason that the wave velocity test is difficult to be used for the rock sample uniaxial and triaxial compression test is that on one hand, the wave velocity probe is easy to crush under the action of axial pressure, and on the other hand, the problem of monitoring data distortion caused by the change of a propagation path of longitudinal waves caused by refraction or reflection of the longitudinal waves in hydraulic oil cannot be avoided. Secondly, the rock sample acoustic emission test is only suitable for rock uniaxial compression test, namely effective collection of loaded rock sample acoustic emission signals can be realized under the condition that a free surface exists in a rock sample, and when confining pressure is applied, an acoustic wave and an acoustic emission probe are easy to damage (extrusion fracture or crushing fracture) under high confining pressure, so that the rock sample acoustic emission test is not suitable for monitoring the rock sample acoustic emission signals under high confining pressure. Thirdly, even though the sound wave and acoustic emission probe is high-pressure resistant, hydraulic oil can be immersed into the contact surface of the rock sample and the sound wave or acoustic emission probe, and the hydraulic oil has good lubrication effect, so that the sound wave or acoustic emission probe can fall off from the surface of the rock sample; in addition, the refraction or reflection of the sound waves and the sound emission signals in the hydraulic oil can cause the change of the propagation path of stress waves or longitudinal waves, so that the accuracy of the sound waves and the sound emission monitoring data can be reduced, and the evaluation of the damage and destruction condition of the loaded rock sample can be influenced. Based on the technical problems that the wave velocity and the acoustic emission are difficult to be used for synchronous monitoring of the triaxial compression test of the rock, development of a synchronous monitoring device and method for acoustic wave and acoustic emission of a rock sample under triaxial compression is needed to meet the research of the triaxial compression test of deep rock mechanics.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problems: the invention aims to overcome the defect that sound waves and sound emission data cannot be effectively and synchronously acquired in a rock triaxial compression test, and provides the rock triaxial test device for synchronously monitoring the sound waves and the sound emission, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, synchronous acquisition and strong anti-interference performance of test data.
The technical scheme is as follows: the rock triaxial test device comprises a triaxial chamber filled with hydraulic oil, a pressure frame is arranged on the outer side of the triaxial chamber, a rock system to be tested is arranged in the triaxial chamber, the rock system to be tested comprises a rock sample with a columnar structure, a rigid upper liner is arranged on the top of the rock sample below a loading pressure head of the rock mechanical test system, a rigid lower liner is arranged on the bottom of the rock sample, sound wave transmitting probes and sound wave receiving probes which are closely attached to the top and bottom surfaces of the rock sample are respectively arranged in the rigid upper liner and the rigid lower liner, a plurality of pairs of sound transmitting probes are symmetrically fixed on the side surfaces of the rock sample through a plurality of confinement rings, a compression-resistant protective shell is covered on the sound transmitting probes, and a layer of elastic sealing thin rubber tube for sealing which prevents the hydraulic oil from penetrating is wrapped on the outer side of the rock system to be tested.
Specifically, the rock triaxial test device for synchronously monitoring sound waves and sound emission comprises a sound emission monitoring system and a sound wave monitor, wherein a rigid lower liner is arranged at the bottom of a rock sample, and a rigid upper liner is arranged at the top of the rock sample; a gap is formed between the rock sample and the triaxial chamber, an oil inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the outside are arranged at the top of the gap, an oil return pipe is arranged at the bottom of the gap, an oil inlet valve is arranged on the oil inlet pipe, an air valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and an oil return valve is arranged on the oil return pipe; the rock sample and the rigid lower liner and the rigid upper liner are integrally provided with elastic sealing thin rubber tubes wrapping the elastic sealing thin rubber tubes, hydraulic oil is prevented from penetrating into the rock sample, an acoustic wave transmitting device cavity and an acoustic wave transmitting probe cavity are respectively arranged in the rigid lower liner and the rigid upper liner, an acoustic wave transmitting probe is arranged in the acoustic wave transmitting device cavity, an acoustic wave receiving probe is arranged in the acoustic wave transmitting probe cavity, the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe are respectively connected with an acoustic wave monitor through wires, a plurality of acoustic emission probes are arranged between the rock sample and the elastic sealing thin rubber tubes and are distributed on the circumference of the side wall of the rock sample in a cross symmetry mode in space, each acoustic emission probe is connected with an acoustic emission preamplifier through wires, and the acoustic emission preamplifier is connected with an acoustic emission monitoring system.
Further, the outside of each acoustic emission probe is provided with a rigid protection shell for preventing higher confining pressure from affecting the monitoring effect, the rigid protection shell is of a barrel-shaped structure with the inner diameter slightly larger than that of the acoustic emission probe, the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure is provided with a pressure spring A for extruding the acoustic emission probe to enable the acoustic emission probe to be clung to the surface of a rock sample, the acoustic emission probe is arranged in the barrel-shaped structure, a plastic sealing rubber tube is sleeved outside an opening of the barrel-shaped structure, so that the rigid protection shell is clung to the surface of the rock sample to form a closed space, the elastic sealing rubber tube is prevented from being extruded by high confining pressure due to lack of support, the acoustic emission probe is buckled on the rock sample through a plurality of confining rings, and the rigid protection shell is prevented from falling off and sliding in the axial deformation process of the rock sample.
Further, an acoustic emission outlet A is arranged at the opening of the rigid protective shell, an acoustic emission outlet B is arranged on the plastic sealing rubber tube at the same position of the acoustic emission outlet A, and the acoustic emission outlet B of the acoustic emission outlet A enables an acoustic emission receiving line of the acoustic emission probe to extend.
Further, the lower liner comprises a lower pressure head gasket and a lower pressure head gasket clamping groove which are buckled up and down, the upper liner comprises an upper pressure head gasket and an upper pressure head gasket clamping groove which are buckled up and down, the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove and the upper pressure head gasket clamping groove are provided with identical annular grooves, pressure head end expanding rings and anti-sliding convex teeth, the annular grooves and inner ring convex parts of the upper end and the lower end of the elastic sealing thin rubber tube are combined to form a sealing space for wrapping a rock sample, the elastic sealing thin rubber tube is subjected to annular extrusion in the process of confining pressure application, air can be discharged through a wire groove on the inner wall of the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove through acoustic emission on the inner diameter of the pressure head end expanding rings and the outer diameter of the lower pressure head gasket are identical to the outer diameter of the upper pressure head gasket, the lower pressure head gasket and the upper pressure head gasket are prevented from being offset left and right, the rock sample bias is avoided, the anti-sliding convex teeth are matched with the anti-sliding grooves, and the lower pressure head gasket and the upper pressure head gasket are used for fixing, and the lower pressure head gasket and the upper pressure head gasket are prevented from rotating.
Further, the transmitting device cavity and the receiving device cavity are respectively arranged at the circle centers of the lower gasket and the upper gasket, the receiving device cavity comprises an acoustic wave receiving probe chamber and an acoustic wave receiving probe hole which are arranged at the centers of the lower pressure head gasket and the upper pressure head gasket, the acoustic wave receiving probe is arranged inside, a pressing rod chamber is arranged at the circle centers of the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove and the upper pressure head gasket clamping groove, a pressing rod line hole is formed below the pressing rod chamber, a pressing rod is arranged in the pressing rod chamber, a pressure spring B is welded at the end face of the pressing rod, the end face of the pressing rod is welded with the pressure spring B, the end face of the pressing rod penetrates through the pressing rod line hole, the sum of the heights of the pressing rod, the pressure spring B and the acoustic wave transmitting probe is slightly higher than the height of the upper pressure head, and the sum of the heights of the pressing rod, after the loading platform is pressurized, the pressing rod is pushed to enable the pressure spring B to press the acoustic wave probe to be tightly attached to a rock sample.
A rock triaxial test method for synchronously monitoring sound waves and sound emission comprises the following steps:
amanufacturing standard cylindrical rock samples with the diameter of 50-100 mm and the height of 100-200 mm, wherein the maximum non-parallelism and the machining precision of the end faces of the rock samples meet the relevant regulations of rock test regulations, testing the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock samples by adopting a sound wave monitor, selecting another brand new rock sample which is similar to the wave velocity of the rock samples used as a test piece before, and carrying out subsequent tests so as to reduce the discrete value of test data of each rock sample of the rock of the same type and reduce the test failure rate;
bpenetrating the acoustic emission receiving lines through the data connecting line holes in the clamping grooves of the pressing end gaskets, respectively placing each acoustic emission receiving line into the acoustic emission wire grooves on the inner walls of the clamping grooves of the pressing end gaskets, connecting an acoustic emission probe, smearing vaseline on the contact surface of the acoustic emission probe and a rock sample, sleeving a rigid protective shell outside the acoustic emission probe, and installing a fastening ring for fixingThe rigid protective shell prevents position dislocation; then, after coating vaseline on the surfaces of the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe, respectively placing the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe in an acoustic wave transmitting probe chamber and an acoustic wave receiving probe chamber, so that the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe are contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of a rock sample through an acoustic wave transmitting probe hole and an acoustic wave receiving probe hole, and an acoustic wave transmitting probe connecting wire and an acoustic wave receiving probe connecting wire are respectively connected with the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe through wire holes in a pressing rod; installing a pressing end gasket clamping groove and an upper pressing end gasket clamping groove, expanding the elastic sealing thin rubber tube, sleeving the inner ring bulge parts at the upper end part and the lower end part of the elastic sealing thin rubber tube into the annular groove to form a sealing space, and completing rock sample preparation work;
cplacing the wrapped rock sample on a loading platform of a rock mechanical test system, lowering the triaxial chamber and fixing the triaxial chamber on a lower base of a pressure frame, and applying an initial preload to enable a pressure head of a tester to be in close contact with the upper end part and the lower end part of the rock sample;
dclosing an oil return valve, opening an oil inlet valve and an air valve, injecting hydraulic oil into a triaxial chamber, discharging air in the triaxial chamber through the air valve, closing the oil inlet valve and the air valve after filling the hydraulic oil, loading confining pressure to a specified value, starting a triaxial compression test of a rock sample, and simultaneously opening an acoustic emission monitoring system and an acoustic wave monitor to ensure time synchronism of acoustic emission data and wave velocity data of the rock sample in the triaxial compression process;
eafter the rock mechanical test system pressurizes the rock sample, the loading platform of the rock mechanical test system firstly extrudes the pressing rod into the pressing rod cavity after loading, and the pressure spring B is driven to extrude the sound wave receiving probe, so that the sound wave receiving probe is always kept closely attached to the bottom surface of the rock sample in the test process.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides a rock triaxial test device and method for synchronously monitoring sound waves and sound emission, which are characterized in that an elastic sealing thin rubber tube is tightly buckled with annular grooves of upper and lower pressure head gaskets to form a closed space, so that hydraulic oil is prevented from immersing a rock sample to influence test data, and meanwhile, an indoor and an outdoor sound source of triaxial is filtered, and the accuracy of sound waves and sound emission data is improved. In the whole triaxial compression process of the rock sample, the device can simultaneously start an acoustic emission monitoring system and an acoustic wave monitor, record acoustic emission parameter changes in the triaxial compression test process of the rock sample and wave speed tests under different stresses, and judge whether the rock cracks develop rapidly according to dynamic wave speed data of the rock sample damage process because of great propagation speed differences of acoustic waves in the rock sample and air and whether the rock cracks develop rapidly according to dynamic wave speed data of the rock sample damage process, and the rock wave speed is sensitive to whether the crack reactions occur in the rock or not because of different basic physical properties of the acoustic waves at solid and gas propagation speeds, the rock wave speed changes after the rock develops cracks, and judge whether the rock cracks develop rapidly according to the principle, and the acoustic wave test can be accompanied with the whole process of rock loading, so that the crack development condition of each stage of the rock is judged, and a test means is provided for the mechanical behavior study of rock damage and crack breaking; meanwhile, the obtained test data can keep good synchronism, and the analysis of the test data is convenient. In general, the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, synchronous acquisition and strong anti-interference performance of test data, can provide an indoor test basis for solving the problem of stability control of deep broken surrounding rock tunnels, and has important significance for safe and efficient development of deep mineral resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rock triaxial test apparatus for acoustic wave and acoustic emission synchronous monitoring according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rock sample preparation stage of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an elastic sealing thin rubber tube of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a rigid protective shell according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a lower ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lower ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view of a lower ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an upper ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an upper ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of an upper ram gasket of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a press lever according to the present invention;
in the figure: 101-rock sample; 102-elastic sealing a thin rubber tube; 103-triaxial cell; 104-an oil inlet valve; 105-an oil return valve; 106, a pressure frame; 107-rock mechanics test system; 108-a load path; 109-an air valve; 201-a rigid protective shell; 202-a compression spring A; 203-plastic sealing rubber tube; 204-acoustic emission outlet B; 205-acoustic emission outlet A; 206-confinement rings; 207-acoustic emission probe; 208-acoustic emission receiving line; 209-acoustic emission pre-amplifier; 210-an acoustic emission monitoring system; 301-an acoustic wave monitor; 302-an acoustic emission probe; 303-connecting wires of the sound wave transmitting probes; 304-an acoustic wave receiving probe; 305-connecting wires of the sound wave receiving probe; 306-pressing a rod; 307-compression spring B; 308-line holes; 401-pressing down the end gasket clamping groove; 402-annular grooves; 403-ram end expansion ring; 404-anti-slip teeth; 405-acoustic emission trunking; 406-lower ram gasket; 407-anti-slip grooves; 408-pressing up the end gasket clamping groove; 409-upper ram pad; 410-pressing the rod chamber; 411-pressing a rod wire hole; 412 an acoustic wave transmitting probe chamber; 413-an acoustic emission probe; 414-an acoustic wave receiving probe chamber; 415-sonic receiving probe.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the rock triaxial test device for synchronous monitoring of sound waves and sound emission is arranged on a loading platform of a rock mechanical test system (107), and is characterized in that: the hydraulic oil pressure testing device comprises a triaxial chamber (103) filled with hydraulic oil, a pressure frame (106) is arranged outside the triaxial chamber, a tested rock system is arranged in the triaxial chamber, the tested rock system comprises a rock sample (101) with a columnar structure, a rigid upper liner is arranged below a loading pressure head of the rock mechanical testing system (107) at the top of the rock sample (101), a rigid lower liner is arranged at the bottom of the rock sample (101), an acoustic wave transmitting probe (302) and an acoustic wave receiving probe (304) which are closely attached to the top surface and the bottom surface of the rock sample (101) are respectively arranged in the rigid upper liner and the rigid lower liner, a plurality of pairs of acoustic transmitting probes (207) are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of the rock sample (101) through a plurality of confinement rings, a compression-resistant protective shell is covered on the acoustic transmitting probes (207), and a layer of elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102) for preventing hydraulic oil from penetrating is wrapped outside the tested rock system. Specifically, the device comprises a rock mechanical test system 107, an acoustic emission monitoring system 210 and an acoustic wave monitor 301, and further comprises a rigid lower pressure head gasket 406 and a rigid upper pressure head gasket 409 for fixing the rock sample 101, wherein the outside of the rock sample 101 is wrapped with an elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102, so that hydraulic oil in a triaxial chamber 103 is prevented from immersing the rock sample 101 to influence test results, the acoustic emission monitoring system 210 is provided with 2 pairs of total 4 acoustic emission probes 207,4 acoustic emission probes 207 which are symmetrically distributed in a front-back, left-right and up-down mode in space, and acoustic wave emission probe holes 413 and acoustic wave receiving probe holes 415 are respectively arranged in the upper gasket and the lower gasket of the rock sample 101. The method for setting the acoustic wave receiving and transmitting probe on the side wall comprises the steps that the acoustic wave receiving and transmitting probe is arranged on the side wall, the measured acoustic wave is only the wave velocity change of the lateral position of the side wall, the acoustic wave of a rock sample without the acoustic wave receiving and transmitting probe is not monitored, the position generated by a crack in the rock sample is uncertain, the crack can be generated at any position in the rock sample, the accuracy of wave velocity data cannot be guaranteed by the method for setting the acoustic wave receiving probe on the side wall, the acoustic wave transmitting probe and the acoustic wave receiving probe are arranged at two ends of the rock sample, the wave velocity change can be generated only by the rock sample generated by the crack, and the setting method can improve the monitoring effect of the acoustic wave receiving probe on the crack change.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for rock triaxial test with synchronous monitoring of sound waves and sound emission comprises the following steps:
aand manufacturing a standard cylindrical rock sample 101 with the diameter of 50-100 mm and the height of 100-200 mm, wherein the maximum non-parallelism and the machining precision of the end face of the rock sample 101 are required to meet the relevant regulations of rock test regulations, testing the longitudinal wave velocity of the rock sample 101 by adopting a sound wave monitor 301, and selecting the rock samples 101 with similar wave velocities to carry out subsequent tests so as to reduce the discrete value of test data of each rock sample 101 of the rock of the same kind and improve the test success rate.
bFirstly, 4 acoustic emission receiving wires 208 pass through the data connecting wire holes in the pressing end gasket clamping groove 401308, respectively placing each acoustic emission receiving line 208 into an acoustic emission wire slot 405 on the inner wall of a pressing end gasket clamping groove 401, connecting an acoustic emission probe 207, smearing vaseline on the contact surface of the acoustic emission probe 207 and the rock sample 101, sleeving a rigid protective shell 201 outside the acoustic emission probe 207, and installing a fastening ring 206 to fix the rigid protective shell 201 to prevent position dislocation; after coating vaseline on the surfaces of the acoustic wave transmitting probe 302 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 304, respectively placing the acoustic wave transmitting probe 302 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 304 in an acoustic wave transmitting probe chamber 412 and an acoustic wave receiving probe chamber 414, so that the acoustic wave transmitting probe 302 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 304 are contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample 101 through an acoustic wave transmitting probe hole 413 and an acoustic wave receiving probe hole 415, and an acoustic wave transmitting probe connecting wire 303 and an acoustic wave receiving probe connecting wire 305 are respectively connected with the acoustic wave transmitting probe 302 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 304 through a wire hole 308 of a 306 in a pressing rod; then installing a pressing end gasket clamping groove 401 and an upper pressing end gasket clamping groove 408, and finally installing an elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102 to form a sealing space, so as to finish the preparation work of the rock sample 101;
cplacing the wrapped rock sample 101 on a loading platform of a rock mechanical testing system 107, lowering the triaxial cell 103 and fixing the triaxial cell on a lower base of a pressure frame 106, and applying an initial preload to enable a tester pressure head to be in close contact with the upper end and the lower end of the rock sample;
dclosing the oil return valve 105, opening the oil inlet valve 104 and the air valve 109, starting oil inlet, discharging triaxial indoor air through the air valve 109, closing the oil inlet valve 104 and the air valve 109 after filling hydraulic oil, loading confining pressure to a specified value, starting a triaxial compression test of the rock sample (101), and simultaneously opening the acoustic emission monitoring system 210 and the acoustic wave monitor 301 to ensure the synchronism of acoustic emission data and wave velocity data of the rock sample 101 in the triaxial compression process.
As shown in fig. 3, when the elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102 wraps a rock sample, the inner diameter of the elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the expansion ring 403 at the end part of the pressure head, the elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102 has good elasticity, when the rock sample 101 is wrapped, the inner ring convex parts at the upper end part and the lower end part of the elastic sealing thin rubber tube 102 can be easily stretched so as to be sleeved into the annular groove 402, and the elastic sealing thin rubber tube can be tightly wrapped on the expansion ring 403 at the end part of the pressure head due to the good elasticity, so that a closed space is formed.
As shown in fig. 4, the rigid protective shell 201 is used for protecting the acoustic emission probe 207 to prevent the monitoring effect of the acoustic emission probe 207 from being affected by higher confining pressure, the rigid protective shell 201 is tightly fixed on the rock sample 101 by the confining ring 206 to prevent the rigid protective shell 201 from falling off and sliding in the axial deformation process of the rock sample 101, the inner diameter of the rigid protective shell 201 is slightly larger than the size of the acoustic emission probe 207, the internal base of the rigid protective shell 201 is welded with the pressure spring a202 to compress the acoustic emission probe 207 on the surface of the rock sample 101 and prevent the position of the acoustic emission probe 207 from being dislocated, and the plastic sealing rubber tube 203 at the opening of the rigid protective shell 201 can enable the rigid protective shell 201 to be clung to the surface of the rock sample and form a closed space to provide support for the elastic sealing of the thin rubber tube 102 to prevent the acoustic emission probe from being broken by high confining pressure.
As shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, the lower pressure head gasket 406 and the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove 401 form a lower pressure head gasket, the upper pressure head gasket 409 and the upper pressure head gasket clamping groove 408 form an upper pressure head gasket, the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove 401 and the upper pressure head gasket clamping groove 408 have the same annular groove 402, the pressure head end expanding ring 403 and the anti-sliding convex tooth 404, the annular groove 402 and the inner annular convex part of the upper end and lower end of the elastic sealing rubber thin tube 102 form a sealing space for wrapping the rock sample 101, the elastic sealing rubber thin tube 203 is subjected to annular extrusion in the confining pressure application process, air can be discharged through the acoustic emission slot 405 on the inner wall of the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove 401, the inner diameter of the pressure head end expanding ring 403 is identical with the outer diameters of the lower pressure head gasket 406 and the upper pressure head gasket 409, the lower pressure head gasket 406 and the left and right deviation of the upper pressure head gasket 409 are prevented from being contacted with the rock sample 101, the anti-sliding convex tooth 404 is prevented from being matched with the anti-sliding concave groove 407, the lower pressure head gasket 406 and the upper pressure head gasket 409 are used for fixing the lower pressure head gasket 406 and the upper pressure head gasket 409, and the upper pressure head gasket 101 and the vibration of a high-stress test chamber is prevented from being caused in the process of the vibration of the test chamber.
As shown in fig. 11, the pressing rod 306 is a T-shaped circular table with a hole in the center, and is respectively located in the pressing rod chamber 410 in the pressing end gasket clamping groove 401 and the pressing end gasket clamping groove 408, the end face of the pressing rod is welded with the pressure spring B307, the rod end of the pressing rod passes through the pressing rod wire hole 411, the sum of the heights of the pressing rod 306, the pressure spring B307 and the acoustic wave transmitting probe 302 is slightly higher than the height of the upper pressing head, and the sum of the heights of the pressing rod 306, the pressure spring B307 and the acoustic wave receiving probe 304 is slightly higher than the height of the lower pressing head, and when the loading platform is pressed, the pressing rod 306 is pushed to enable the pressure spring B307 to press the acoustic wave probe to be tightly attached to the rock sample 101.
Claims (5)
1. Rock triaxial test device of synchronous monitoring of sound wave and sound emission sets up on the loading platform of rock mechanics test system (107), its characterized in that: the device comprises a triaxial chamber (103) filled with hydraulic oil, a pressure frame (106) is arranged outside the triaxial chamber, a rock system to be tested is arranged in the triaxial chamber, the rock system to be tested comprises a rock sample (101) with a columnar structure, a rigid upper liner is arranged at the top of the rock sample (101) below a loading pressure head of a rock mechanical test system (107), a rigid lower liner is arranged at the bottom of the rock sample (101), sound wave receiving probes (302) and sound wave transmitting probes (304) which are closely attached to the top surface and the bottom surface of the rock sample (101) are respectively arranged in the rigid upper liner and the rigid lower liner, a plurality of pairs of sound wave probes (207) are symmetrically fixed on the side surface of the rock sample (101) through a plurality of confinement rings, a compression protection shell is covered on the sound wave probes (207), and a layer of elastic sealing rubber tube (102) for preventing the penetration of the hydraulic oil is wrapped outside the rock system to be tested;
the outside of each acoustic emission probe (207) is provided with a rigid protective shell (201) for preventing higher confining pressure from affecting the monitoring effect, the rigid protective shell (201) is of a barrel-shaped structure with the inner diameter slightly larger than that of the acoustic emission probe (207), the bottom of the barrel-shaped structure is provided with a pressure spring A (202) for extruding the acoustic emission probe (207) to be tightly attached to the surface of a rock sample (101), the acoustic emission probe (207) is arranged in the barrel-shaped structure, the outside of an opening of the barrel-shaped structure is sleeved with a plastic sealing rubber tube (203), so that the rigid protective shell (201) is tightly attached to the surface of the rock sample to form a closed space, the elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102) is prevented from being broken by high confining pressure due to lack of support, the rigid protective shell (201) buckles the acoustic emission probe (207) on the rock sample (101) through a plurality of confining rings (206), and the rigid protective shell (201) is prevented from falling off and sliding in the axial deformation process of the rock sample (101);
the lower gasket comprises a lower pressure head gasket (406) and a lower pressure end gasket clamping groove (401) which are buckled up and down, the upper gasket comprises an upper pressure head gasket (409) and an upper pressure end gasket clamping groove (408) which are buckled up and down, the lower pressure end gasket clamping groove (401) and the upper pressure end gasket clamping groove (408) are provided with the same annular groove (402), a pressure head end expanding ring (403) and an anti-sliding convex tooth (404), the annular groove (402) and an inner annular bulge part of the upper end and lower end of an elastic sealing rubber tube (102) are combined to form a sealing space for wrapping a rock sample (101), the elastic sealing rubber tube (102) is subjected to annular extrusion in the process of applying confining pressure, air can be discharged through an acoustic emission wire groove (405) on the inner wall of the lower pressure end gasket clamping groove (401), the inner diameter of the pressure head end expanding ring (403) is identical with the outer diameter of the lower pressure head gasket (406) and the upper pressure head gasket (409), the lower pressure head gasket (406) is prevented from being offset left and right, the rock sample (101) is prevented from being biased, the anti-sliding convex tooth (407) is prevented from being matched with the upper pressure head gasket (409), and the lower pressure head gasket (101) is prevented from being contacted with the upper pressure head gasket (409).
2. The rock triaxial test device for synchronously monitoring sound waves and sound emissions according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising a sound emission monitoring system (210) and a sound wave monitor (301), wherein a rigid lower liner is arranged at the bottom of a rock sample (101), and a rigid upper liner is arranged at the top of the rock sample; a gap is arranged between the rock sample (101) and the triaxial chamber (103), an oil inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe which are communicated with the outside are arranged at the top of the gap, an oil return pipe is arranged at the bottom of the gap, an oil inlet valve (104) is arranged on the oil inlet pipe, an air valve (109) is arranged on the exhaust pipe, and an oil return valve (105) is arranged on the oil return pipe; the rock sample (101) and the rigidity lower liner, the whole elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102) that is equipped with on the rigidity upper liner outside of parcel, prevent that hydraulic oil from immersing rock sample (101), rigidity lower liner and rigidity upper liner are inside be equipped with sound wave receiving probe room (414) and sound wave transmitting probe room (412) respectively, be equipped with sound wave receiving probe (302) in sound wave receiving probe room (414), be equipped with sound wave transmitting probe (304) in sound wave transmitting probe room (412), sound wave receiving probe (302) and sound wave transmitting probe (304) are connected with sound wave monitor (301) through the wire respectively, a plurality of acoustic emission probes (207) have been arranged between rock sample (101) and elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102), a plurality of acoustic emission probes (207) are in the cross symmetry distribution in the space on rock sample (101) lateral wall circumference, every acoustic emission probe (207) are all connected with acoustic emission preamplifier (209) through the wire, acoustic emission preamplifier (209) are connected with acoustic emission monitoring system (210).
3. The rock triaxial test device for synchronous monitoring of sound waves and sound emissions according to claim 1, wherein: an acoustic emission outlet A (205) is arranged at the opening of the rigid protective shell (201), an acoustic emission outlet B (204) is arranged on the plastic sealing rubber tube (203) at the same position of the acoustic emission outlet A (205), and the acoustic emission outlet A (205) and the acoustic emission outlet B (204) enable an acoustic emission receiving line (208) of the acoustic emission probe (207) to extend.
4. The rock triaxial test device for synchronous monitoring of sound waves and sound emissions according to claim 1, wherein: the sound wave receiving probe chamber (414) and the sound wave transmitting probe chamber (412) are respectively arranged at the circle centers of the lower liner and the upper liner, the sound wave receiving probe chamber (414) is provided with a sound wave receiving probe hole (415) at the center of the upper pressure head gasket (409), the sound wave receiving probe (302) is arranged inside, the circle centers of the lower pressure head gasket clamping groove (401) and the upper pressure head gasket clamping groove (408) are respectively provided with a pressure rod chamber (410), a pressure rod wire hole (411) is arranged below the pressure rod chamber (410), a pressure rod (306) is arranged in the pressure rod chamber (410), the end face of the pressure rod (306) is welded with a pressure spring B (307), the rod end of the end face of the pressure rod is welded with the pressure spring B (307) penetrates through the pressure rod wire hole (411), the sum of the heights of the pressure rod (306), the pressure spring B (307) and the sound wave receiving probe (302) is slightly higher than the height of the upper pressure head gasket (409), the sum of the heights of the pressure rod (306), the pressure spring B (307) and the sound wave transmitting probe (304) is slightly higher than the height of the lower pressure head gasket (406), and the pressure rod (306) is pushed by the pressure rod (306) to tightly fit with a pressure spring sample after the pressure rod (307) is pressed.
5. A method of testing a rock triaxial test apparatus employing simultaneous monitoring of acoustic and acoustic emissions according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
amanufacturing a standard cylindrical rock sample (101) with the diameter of 50-100 mm and the height of 100-200 mm, wherein the maximum non-parallelism and the machining precision of the end face of the rock sample (101) meet the relevant regulations of rock test regulations, testing the longitudinal wave velocity of the prepared rock sample (101) by adopting a sound wave monitor (301), selecting another brand new rock sample (101) with the wave velocity similar to that of the rock sample (101) serving as a test piece before, and carrying out subsequent tests so as to reduce the discrete value of test data of each rock sample (101) of the same kind of rock and reduce the test failure rate;
b4 acoustic emission receiving wires (208) penetrate through data connecting wire holes (308) in a pressing end gasket clamping groove (401), each acoustic emission receiving wire (208) is respectively placed into an acoustic emission wire groove (405) on the inner wall of the pressing end gasket clamping groove (401) and then connected with an acoustic emission probe (207), vaseline is smeared on the contact surface of the acoustic emission probe (207) and a rock sample (101), a rigid protective shell (201) is sleeved outside the acoustic emission probe (207), and a fastening ring (206) is arranged to fix the rigid protective shell (201) to prevent position dislocation; after vaseline is smeared on the surfaces of the sound wave receiving probe (302) and the sound wave transmitting probe (304), the sound wave receiving probe (302) and the sound wave transmitting probe (304) are respectively placed in the sound wave transmitting probe chamber (412) and the sound wave receiving probe chamber (414), so that the sound wave receiving probe (302) and the sound wave transmitting probe (304) are contacted with the upper surface and the lower surface of the rock sample (101) through the sound wave transmitting probe hole (413) and the sound wave receiving probe hole (415), and the sound wave transmitting probe connecting wire (303) and the sound wave receiving probe connecting wire (305) respectively pass through the pressing forceA wire hole (308) in the rod (306) is connected with the sound wave receiving probe (302) and the sound wave transmitting probe (304); installing a pressing end gasket clamping groove (401) and an upward pressing end gasket clamping groove (408), opening the elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102), sleeving inner ring convex parts at the upper end part and the lower end part of the elastic sealing thin rubber tube (102) into the annular groove (402) to form a sealing space, and completing the preparation work of a rock sample (101);
cplacing the wrapped rock sample (101) on a loading platform of a rock mechanical test system (107), lowering a triaxial cell (103) and fixing the triaxial cell on a lower base of a pressure frame (106), and applying an initial preload to enable a press head of a tester to be in close contact with the upper end and the lower end of the rock sample;
dclosing an oil return valve (105), opening an oil inlet valve (104) and an air valve (109), injecting hydraulic oil into a triaxial chamber (103), discharging air in the triaxial chamber through the air valve (109), closing the oil inlet valve (104) and the air valve (109) after filling hydraulic oil, loading confining pressure to a specified value, starting a triaxial compression test of a rock sample (101), and simultaneously opening an acoustic emission monitoring system (210) and an acoustic wave monitor (301) to ensure time synchronism of acoustic emission data and wave velocity data of the rock sample (101) in the triaxial compression process;
eafter the rock mechanical test system (107) pressurizes the rock sample (101), the loading platform of the rock mechanical test system (107) firstly extrudes the pressing rod (306) into the pressing rod cavity after loading, and drives the pressure spring B (307) to extrude the sound wave emission probe (304), so that the sound wave emission probe (304) is always kept tightly attached to the bottom surface of the rock sample (101) in the test process.
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| CN115524227A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-27 | 四川大学 | Direct tensile and sound wave testing machine under rock seepage and testing method thereof |
| CN115406763A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-29 | 四川大学 | Sound wave detection and rock direct tension integrated testing machine and testing method thereof |
| CN115655905B (en) * | 2022-12-13 | 2023-03-17 | 北京科技大学 | True triaxial loading device and rock mechanical property and damage directionality testing method |
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