CN108225905A - A kind of true triaxial adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment - Google Patents
A kind of true triaxial adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment Download PDFInfo
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- CN108225905A CN108225905A CN201711430420.3A CN201711430420A CN108225905A CN 108225905 A CN108225905 A CN 108225905A CN 201711430420 A CN201711430420 A CN 201711430420A CN 108225905 A CN108225905 A CN 108225905A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of true triaxials to adopt the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment, including roof and floor fixture, lateral non-offloaded face fixture, and side-discharging face fixture and acoustic emission probe component；The roof and floor fixture is two, and each fixture includes an acoustic emission probe component for being located at clamp central；Lateral non-offloaded face fixture is three, and each fixture is respectively comprising the acoustic emission probe component two in diagonal arrangement.The monitoring unit can not only be in direct contact coal and rock and carry out accurate measurements, but also can realize the function of the loading of three axis, pressurize and single side unloading, while the micro rupture event during can accurately detecting coal and rock stand under load and clear waveform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring unit, particularly a kind of true triaxial adopts the sound emission that coal and rock power shows experiment
Monitoring unit.
Background technology
With the rapid development of global economy, countries in the world increasingly increase the demand of various mineral resources, bury
The needs of the mankind far can not have been met in the mineral resources of shallow-layer, various countries constantly prolong the recovery activity of resource to earth formation deep
It stretches.Although the current mankind have the underground engineering of shallow-layer a series of complete achievements in research, since deep rock mass is in height
Under the action of crustal stress, Mechanism of Deformation And Failure is very different with superficial part rock mass, and the mankind are using multiple physical means detection hair
Existing, the destruction of deep laneway surrounding rock will appear the zonal fracturing phenomenon that rupture zone is alternately present with non-ruptured area.
It is tested compared to normal triaxial, confining pressure can be further divided into intermediate principal stress (σ by true triaxial experiment2) and it is maximum
(small) principal stress (σ1(σ3)), realize the independent control of three-dimensional stress, it can be under truer simulation complex geological condition by underground
The evolution of complicated stress environment caused by engineering excavation, profound level probe into the mechanical property and failure mechanism of deep coal and rock.
As a kind of widely used non-destructive monitoring method, acoustic-emission by carrying out sound emission identification to detection object,
It determines the damage property and degree of detection object, meets quick dynamic monitoring and the requirement of Damage Evaluation.In rock mechanics reality
In testing, when on-load pressure is only 20% of pressure needed for lithostructure damages, stress wave will be generated and propagate energy, and sound
Emitting signal strength will be with the increase of on-load pressure and more violent.Therefore, by placing multiple sound around coal and rock sample
Transmitting probe carries out the synchronous acquisition and Data Management Analysis of during the experiment, and the unstable failure characteristic of coal and rock can be carried out
Evaluation.
Existing true triaxial experiments most of at present can only be by installing ultrasonic wave, sound emission etc. outside oil cylinder, fixture
Monitoring device is detected, and can not be in direct contact coal and rock and be carried out accurate measurements, thus will generate larger monitoring error, simultaneously
Also it is more difficult to navigate to internal crack position.
Although some Patent designs have gone out to realize the true triaxial physical mechanics imaging unit that micro rupture is accurately positioned,
It can not also realize the experiment of the complicated stress environments such as single side off-load, dynamic load impact.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of true triaxials to adopt the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment, no
Coal and rock can be only in direct contact and carry out accurate measurements, and can realize the function of the loading of three axis, pressurize and single side unloading, together
When can accurately detect coal and rock stand under load during micro rupture event and clear waveform.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of true triaxial is adopted coal and rock power and is shown
The acoustic emission monitor that reality is tested, including roof and floor fixture, lateral non-offloaded face fixture, side-discharging face fixture and sound emission
Probe assembly, the roof and floor fixture are two, and each fixture includes an acoustic emission probe component for being located at clamp central, side
It it is three to non-offloaded face fixture, each fixture is respectively comprising the acoustic emission probe component two in diagonal arrangement；
The lateral non-offloaded face fixture includes facing specimen holder component one and faces pressure head clamp assembly one, described to face sample
Clamp assembly one and the pressure head clamp assembly one that faces are bolted, and the specimen holder component one that faces is set in diagonal
There is the circular hole one penetrated through along its thickness direction, communicated with circular hole one and perpendicular to the groove one of side, it is described to face pressure head fixture group
Part one is provided with the blind hole one along its thickness direction in diagonal, is communicated with blind hole one and perpendicular to the groove two of side, described
Circular hole one and blind hole one are coaxial, and the diameter of blind hole one is more than the diameter of circular hole one, form stepped hole one, groove one and groove two
Shape, position correspond to, and form lateral non-offloaded face fixture groove；
The roof and floor fixture includes facing specimen holder component two and faces pressure head clamp assembly two, faces specimen holder component two
It is bolted with pressure head clamp assembly two is faced, is provided with what is penetrated through along its thickness at the center for facing specimen holder component two
Circular hole two is communicated with circular hole two and perpendicular to the groove three of side, and the pressure head clamp assembly two that faces is provided with along its thickness side
To blind hole two, communicate with blind hole two and perpendicular to the groove four of side, the circular hole two and blind hole two are coaxial, blind hole two it is straight
Diameter is more than the diameter of circular hole two, forms stepped hole two, and the shape of groove three and groove four, position are corresponding, formation roof and floor fixture
Groove；
The side-discharging face fixture is Filled Rectangle steel plate；
The acoustic emission probe component includes probe, anti-shear protective sleeve eases up and rushes holddown spring, and the anti-shearing is protected
Pretective sleeve pipe is step hollow cylinder, and the side of the anti-shear protective sleeve is provided with through slot, groove width and non-offloaded face
Fixture groove, the groove width of roof and floor fixture groove are equal, and the probe is installed in anti-shear protective sleeve, anti-shear protective set
The big axis of cylinder is mounted on the middle or small axis of blind hole and is mounted in circular hole, and the one end for buffering holddown spring is against the rear end of probe, the other end
The bottom end of blind hole is against, probe connecting line is provided on the probe, probe connecting line is pressed from both sides from anti-shear protective sleeve and place
The groove of tool component is pierced by；
The lateral non-offloaded face fixture and side-discharging face fixture compress connection sheet by screw and L-type and connect two-by-two.
Further, the size of the anti-shear protective sleeve and stepped hole one, two clearance fit of stepped hole.
Further, specimen holder component one and the pressure head clamp assembly one that faces of facing is by being arranged on the 4 of four corners
It is a to be bolted.
Further, specimen holder component two and the pressure head clamp assembly two that faces of facing is by being arranged on the 4 of four corners
It is a to be bolted.
Compared with prior art：(1) meet during the experiment acoustic emission monitor(ing) device and cabling do not interfere with predetermined function,
Under the premise of experimental system does not influence acoustic emission device to the continuous accurate measurements of coal sample when performing function, the present invention is using very
Three axis adopt coal and rock power and show the function that experimental system realizes the loading of three axis, pressurize and single side unloading.
(2) the application realizes acoustic emission probe and is close to coal sample surface in real time, and Probe arrangement form can monitor sample
It is the problem of interior each region, back wave barrier gasket eliminates back wave, micro- broken during accurate detection sample stand under load can be used for
Split event and clear waveform.
(3) when true triaxial stand under load coal sample is monitored, installation buffering holddown spring on rear side of acoustic emission probe, having can stretch
Contracting characteristic effectively prevents acoustic emission probe since the plastic deformation of sample bears load and is subject to crushing.Additionally, it is contemplated that true
When three axis load, fixture also exists between each other mutually squeezes phenomenon, solves asking the shearing of built-in probe of thereby resulting in
Topic protects the safety of probe.
(4) the monitoring unit processing and fabricating is simple, and installation and debugging process is convenient, and it is convenient that rock sample probe is replaced, and is recycled profit
With enormously simplifying experimental procedure, shorten experimental period, the research that coal and rock power shows experiment is adopted to true triaxial to be had
Significance.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is true triaxial acoustic emission monitor structure diagram；
Fig. 2 is true triaxial acoustic emission monitor Probe arrangement schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of lateral non-offloaded face fixture；
Fig. 4 is roof and floor clamp structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is anti-shear protective sleeve and probe mounting means schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the structure diagram that L-type compresses attachment spacers；
In figure：1st, face specimen holder component one, 2, face pressure head clamp assembly one, 3, circular hole one, 4, blind hole one, 5, groove
One, 6, groove two, 7, acoustic emission probe component, 8, roof and floor fixture, 9, lateral non-offloaded face fixture, 10, bolt, 11, face examination
Sample clamp assembly two, 12, face pressure head clamp assembly two, 13, circular hole two, 14, groove three, 15, groove four, 16, blind hole two, 17,
Side-discharging face fixture, 18, anti-shear protective sleeve, 19, probe, 20, probe connecting line, 21, buffering holddown spring, 22, L-type
Compress connection sheet, 23, test specimen.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of true triaxial adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment, using 8 channels
Emission system, including roof and floor fixture 8, lateral non-offloaded face fixture 9, side-discharging face fixture 17 and acoustic emission probe component 7,
The roof and floor fixture 8 is two, and each fixture includes an acoustic emission probe component 7 for being located at clamp central, laterally non-to unload
Section fixture 9 is three, and each fixture is respectively comprising the acoustic emission probe component 7 two in diagonal arrangement；4 pieces of lateral fixtures lead to
Cross L-type compress attachment spacers 23 connect after, clamp assembly can be placed to true triaxial adopt coal and rock power show experiment system
In experimental machine of uniting, the probe after placement is as shown in Figure 2 relative to the position of test specimen 23.
As shown in figure 3, the lateral non-offloaded face fixture 9 includes facing specimen holder component 1 and faces pressure head clamp assembly
One 2, specimen holder component 1 and the pressure head clamp assembly 1 that faces of facing is steel plate, and the two is connected by bolt 10, institute
It states and faces specimen holder component 1 diagonal is provided with 2 circular holes 1 penetrated through along its thickness direction, is communicated simultaneously with circular hole 1
Groove 1 perpendicular to side, the pressure head clamp assembly 1 that faces are provided with 2 blind holes along its thickness direction in diagonal
One 4, it is communicated and after the groove 26 of side, two clamp assemblies assembling with blind hole 1, the circular hole 1 and blind hole 1
Coaxially, the diameter of blind hole 1 is more than the diameter of circular hole 1, forms shape, the position of stepped hole one, groove 1 and groove 26
It is corresponding, form lateral non-offloaded face fixture groove；Acoustic emission probe component 7 is placed in stepped hole one after the fixture combination,
Probe connecting line 20 is pierced by by non-offloaded face fixture groove to the outside of lateral non-offloaded face fixture 9；
As shown in figure 4, the roof and floor fixture 8 includes facing specimen holder component 2 11 and faces pressure head clamp assembly 2 12,
Face specimen holder component 2 11 and face pressure head clamp assembly 2 12 and connected by bolt 10, the specimen holder component 2 11 that faces
The circular hole 2 13 penetrated through along its thickness is provided at center, is communicated with circular hole 2 13 and perpendicular to the groove 3 14 of side, it is described to face
Pressure head clamp assembly 2 12 is provided with the blind hole 2 16 along its thickness direction, is communicated and perpendicular to the groove of side with blind hole 2 16
4 15, after the assembling of two clamp assemblies, the circular hole 2 13 and blind hole 2 16 are coaxial, and the diameter of blind hole 2 16 is more than circular hole 2 15
Diameter forms stepped hole two, and the shape of groove 3 14 and groove 4 15, position are corresponding, formation roof and floor fixture groove；The folder
Place acoustic emission probe component 7 in stepped hole two after tool combination, probe connecting line 20 by roof and floor fixture groove be pierced by
The outside of roof and floor fixture 8；
The side-discharging face fixture 17 is Filled Rectangle steel plate；
As shown in figure 5, the acoustic emission probe component 7 includes probe 19, anti-shear protective sleeve 18 eases up the tight bullet of punching press
Spring 21, the anti-shear protective sleeve 18 are step hollow cylinder, and the 19 gentle tight bullets of punching press of probe are provided with inside cylinder
Spring 21 installs duct, and diameter dimension can meet the 19 gentle requirements rushed holddown spring 21 and be precisely fitted into that will pop one's head in.It is described
The side of anti-shear protective sleeve 18 is provided with through slot, groove width and non-offloaded face fixture groove, the slot of roof and floor fixture groove
Wide equal, the probe 19 is installed in anti-shear protective sleeve 18, the big axis of anti-shear protective sleeve 18 is mounted in blind hole,
Small axis is mounted in circular hole, and one end of buffering holddown spring 21 is against the rear end of probe 19, the other end is against the bottom end of blind hole, institute
It states and probe connecting line 20 is provided on probe 19, probe connecting line 20 is recessed from anti-shear protective sleeve 18 and place clamp assembly
Slot is pierced by；The buffering holddown spring 21 can not only ensure that 19 moment of probe are close to sample, but also can ensure that probe 19 has one
Determine retraction space, prevent coal sample plastic deformation from being damaged to probe.
Described six pieces install back wave barrier gasket additional between fixture and sample, the barrier gasket corresponds to 19 positions of probe and opens
There is through-hole, in this way, probe 19 can be in direct contact with sample, but for guarantee test measuring accuracy, when experiment is popping one's head in
Vaseline is smeared between 19 and sample, ensures that probe 19 and rubber gasket can fully absorb the sound wave of micro rupture release, together
When reduce reflected wave effects.
The lateral non-offloaded face fixture 9 and side-discharging face fixture 17 compress connection sheet 22 two-by-two by screw and L-type
Connection.
Further, the size of the anti-shear protective sleeve 18 and stepped hole one, two clearance fit of stepped hole, anti-shearing are protected
The diameter and length of pretective sleeve pipe 18 make it that can accurately be assemblied in stepped hole one, stepped hole two.
Further, specimen holder component 1 and the pressure head clamp assembly 1 that faces of facing is by being arranged on four corners
4 bolts 10 connect, and the lateral non-offloaded face fixture 9 assembled by 4 bolts 10 can realize stepped hole one, lateral non-offloaded
The lean and correct assembly of face fixture groove.
Further, specimen holder component 2 11 and the pressure head clamp assembly 2 12 that faces of facing is by being arranged on four corners
4 bolts 10 connect, the roof and floor fixture 8 assembled by 4 bolts 10 can realize stepped hole two, roof and floor fixture groove
Lean and correct assembly.
The installation process of probe is described by taking roof and floor fixture 8 in Fig. 4 as an example：It first will probe 19 be gentle rushes holddown spring 21 and fill
Enter anti-shear protective sleeve 18, probe connecting line 20 is made to be involved at anti-18 lateral openings of shear protective sleeve.It will be assembled
Acoustic emission probe component 7, which is put into, to be faced pressure head side clamp assembly 2 12 and makes anti-18 open side of shear protective sleeve and face pressure head fixture
The groove 4 15 of component 2 12 is aligned, and probe connecting line 20 is drawn on the outside of fixture.Acoustic emission probe component 7 is extended to and faces sample
In the circular hole 2 13 of side clamp assembly 2 11, by the groove 3 14 for facing test specimen side clamp assembly 2 11 and face pressure head side clamp assembly
2 12 groove 4 15 is precisely corresponding, is fixed at four angles of clamp assembly with 4 installations of bolt 10, completes roof and floor fixture
8 installation.The method that the lateral non-offloaded lateral fixture 9 in side installs acoustic emission probe component 7 is similar.
After the acoustic emission probe component 7 of six pieces of fixtures installs, test specimen 23 is placed among six pieces of fixtures, in sample
And facing installation back wave barrier gasket between specimen holder component, the barrier gasket corresponds to 19 positions of probe and is provided with through-hole, this
Sample is set, and probe 19 can be in direct contact with sample, but for guarantee test measuring accuracy, during experiment, in probe 19 and sample
Between smear vaseline, 4 pieces of lateral fixtures are compressed by L-type as shown in Figure 6 after attachment spacers 22 connects, and are placed to true triaxial
It adopts coal and rock power to show in experimental system experimental machine, then testing machine precharge, after fixture is fixed, removes unloading
The L-type of face fixture compresses connection sheet 22, and when unilateral side unloads, side-discharging face fixture 17 can fall to unload suddenly automatically
It carries.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of true triaxial adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment, which is characterized in that including roof and floor
Fixture (8), lateral non-offloaded face fixture (9), side-discharging face fixture (17) and acoustic emission probe component (7), the roof and floor
Fixture (8) is two, and each fixture includes an acoustic emission probe component (7) for being located at clamp central；Lateral non-offloaded face folder
It is three to have (9), and each fixture is respectively comprising the acoustic emission probe component (7) two in diagonal arrangement；
The lateral non-offloaded face fixture (9) is described including facing specimen holder component one (1) and facing pressure head clamp assembly one (2)
Face specimen holder component one (1) and the pressure head clamp assembly one (2) that faces is connected by bolt (10), it is described to face specimen holder group
Part one (1) is provided with the circular hole one (3) penetrated through along its thickness direction in diagonal, is communicated and perpendicular to side with circular hole one (3)
Groove one (5), it is described face pressure head clamp assembly one (2) in diagonal be provided with the blind hole one (4) along its thickness direction, with it is blind
Hole one (4) communicates and perpendicular to the groove two (6) of side, the circular hole one (3) with blind hole one (4) coaxially, blind hole one (4) it is straight
Diameter is more than the diameter of circular hole one (3), forms stepped hole one, and the shape of groove one (5) and groove two (6), position are corresponding, formation side
To non-offloaded face fixture groove；
The roof and floor fixture (8) faces specimen holder including facing specimen holder component two (11) and facing pressure head clamp assembly two (12)
Tool component two (11) and face pressure head clamp assembly two (12) and pass through bolt (10) connection, the specimen holder component two (11) that faces
The circular hole two (13) penetrated through along its thickness is provided at center, is communicated with circular hole two (13) and perpendicular to the groove three (14) of side,
The pressure head clamp assembly two (12) that faces is provided with the blind hole two (16) along its thickness direction, is communicated with blind hole two (16) and vertical
Groove four (15) in side, with blind hole two (16) coaxially, the diameter of blind hole two (16) is more than circular hole two to the circular hole two (13)
(13) diameter forms stepped hole two, and the shape of groove three (14) and groove four (15), position are corresponding, formation roof and floor fixture
Groove；
The side-discharging face fixture (17) is Filled Rectangle steel plate；
The acoustic emission probe component (7) is eased up including probe (19), anti-shear protective sleeve (18) rushes holddown spring (21), institute
Anti- shear protective sleeve (18) is stated as step hollow cylinder, the side of the anti-shear protective sleeve (18) is provided with perforation
Slot, groove width is equal with non-offloaded face fixture groove, the groove width of roof and floor fixture groove, and the probe (19) is installed on anti-shearing
It protects in sleeve (18), the big axis of anti-shear protective sleeve (18) is mounted on the middle or small axis of blind hole and is mounted in circular hole, and buffering compresses
Spring one end is against the rear end of probe (19), the other end is against the bottom end of blind hole, and probe connection is provided on the probe (19)
Line (20), the groove of probe connecting line (20) from anti-shear protective sleeve (18) and place clamp assembly are pierced by；
The lateral non-offloaded face fixture (9) and side-discharging face fixture (17) compress connection sheet (22) two by screw and L-type
Two connections.
2. a kind of true triaxial according to claim 1 adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment,
It is characterized in that：The anti-shear protective sleeve (18) and stepped hole one, two clearance fit of stepped hole.
3. a kind of true triaxial according to claim 1 or 2 adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment,
It is characterized in that, specimen holder component one (1) and the pressure head clamp assembly one (2) that faces of facing is by being arranged on four corners
4 bolt (10) connections.
4. a kind of true triaxial according to claim 1 or 2 adopts the acoustic emission monitor that coal and rock power shows experiment,
It is characterized in that, specimen holder component two (11) and the pressure head clamp assembly two (12) that faces of facing is by being arranged on four corners
4 bolts (10) connection.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711430420.3A CN108225905B (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Acoustic emission monitoring unit of true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment |
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| CN201711430420.3A CN108225905B (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2017-12-26 | Acoustic emission monitoring unit of true triaxial mining coal rock mass power display experiment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109085060A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2018-12-25 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | A kind of acoustic emission probe protective device in impact test |
| CN110242267A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-17 | 山东科技大学 | For simulating the hydraulic fracturing shearing test system and method for geothermal system hot dry rock |
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