CN112987094B - An evaluation method of hydraulic fracturing influence range based on coal seam wave velocity field test - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on coal seam wave velocity field testing, which comprises the following steps: determining a hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and arranging a hydraulic fracturing system and a vibration sensor in the area; before hydraulic fracturing is carried out, monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process to obtain a wave velocity field before hydraulic fracturing of a coal bed; performing hydraulic fracturing on the coal body by using a hydraulic fracturing system, and continuously monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process in the process to obtain a wave velocity field after the coal bed is subjected to hydraulic fracturing; comparing the wave velocity field after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing with the wave velocity field before the hydraulic fracturing to obtain the wave velocity variation before and after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing; and determining the hydraulic outburst elimination influence range of the coal seam region according to the wave velocity field change conditions before and after the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam. The method reduces the evaluation cost and the evaluation time of the hydraulic fracture influence range, and solves the problems of more test points and small test range in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of evaluation of the influence range and implementation effect of coal seam outburst elimination measures, in particular to a hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on coal seam wave velocity field testing.
Background
With the increase of the coal mining depth, the ground stress and the gas content are in a gradually increasing trend, the outburst danger is enhanced, and the safety mining of coal resources is seriously threatened.
Hydraulic fracturing is a common pressure relief and permeability improvement measure and has good applicability to outburst elimination of high-stress low-permeability coal seams. The evaluation of the influence range is an important link in the application of the hydraulic fracturing technology, and the accurate evaluation can optimize the arrangement scheme of the fracturing holes, improve the hydraulic fracturing effect and avoid fracturing blind areas.
However, at present, the hydraulic fracturing influence range is mainly tested and evaluated by a drilling method, the evaluation range is small, and the comprehensive evaluation of the hydraulic fracturing influence range of a working face or even a mining area is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on coal seam wave velocity field testing, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing hydraulic fracturing influence range testing and evaluation method is small in evaluation range, and comprehensive evaluation of a hydraulic fracturing influence range of a working face and even a mining area is difficult to realize.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on a coal bed wave velocity field test, which comprises the following steps of:
determining a hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and arranging a hydraulic fracturing system and a vibration sensor in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area; the vibration sensor is connected with a microseismic monitoring host machine which is positioned on the well through a cable;
before hydraulic fracturing is carried out, monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the vibration sensor and the micro-vibration monitoring host to obtain a wave velocity field before hydraulic fracturing of a coal bed;
performing hydraulic fracturing on the coal body in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area by using the hydraulic fracturing system, and continuously monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the vibration sensor and the micro-vibration monitoring host machine in the hydraulic fracturing process to obtain a wave velocity field after the coal bed is subjected to hydraulic fracturing;
comparing the wave velocity field after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing with the wave velocity field before the hydraulic fracturing to obtain the wave velocity variation before and after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area;
based on the wave velocity variation, according to a preset judgment criterion, evaluating the hydraulic fracture influence range to obtain an evaluation result; wherein the preset criterion is as follows: the area with the wave velocity variation smaller than zero is an effective action area of hydraulic fracturing, and the area with the smaller wave velocity variation is better in pressure relief effect.
Further, the determining a hydraulic fracture application zone within which a hydraulic fracture system and a shock sensor are disposed comprises:
selecting a working face or a mining area as a hydraulic fracturing implementation area according to a coal mine excavation continuing plan;
drilling fracturing holes in a coal seam of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and arranging a hydraulic fracturing system in a roadway near the fracturing holes; the hydraulic fracturing system comprises a pressure pump, a water storage container and a fracturing pipe, wherein hole sealing is carried out between the fracturing pipe and a coal body through a hole sealing device;
eight vibration sensors are uniformly arranged on the bottom plate in the roadway of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and each vibration sensor is connected with a micro-vibration monitoring host machine located on the well through a cable.
Further, before hydraulic fracturing is implemented, the shock wave signals generated in the coal body fracture process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area are monitored through the shock sensor and the microseismic monitoring host to obtain a wave velocity field before hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam, and the method comprises the following steps:
opening the microseismic monitoring host 30 days before hydraulic fracturing is carried out, and receiving a shock wave signal generated in a coal body internal fracture process of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the shock sensor;
and calculating the wave velocity of the coal bed before the hydraulic fracturing by using the received vibration wave signals one day before the hydraulic fracturing to obtain a wave velocity field before the hydraulic fracturing of the coal bed.
Further, the hydraulic fracturing system is used for performing hydraulic fracturing on the coal body in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and in the hydraulic fracturing process, the vibration sensor and the micro-seismic monitoring host are used for continuously monitoring vibration wave signals generated in the coal body fracturing process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area to obtain a wave velocity field after coal seam hydraulic fracturing, and the method comprises the following steps:
starting the hydraulic fracturing system, pressurizing water from a water storage container through a pressure pump, entering a fracturing hole through a fracturing pipe, pressing coal bodies into the fracturing hole, and performing high-pressure water fracturing on the coal bodies in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area;
after hydraulic fracturing is finished, the pressure pump is closed, the fracturing pipe and the hole packer are withdrawn, and water in the fracturing hole is reserved outwards;
after the fracturing holes do not flow water outwards any more, collecting a vibration wave signal generated in the internal fracturing process of the coal body by using the vibration sensor;
and calculating the wave velocity of the coal bed after the hydraulic fracturing by using the vibration wave signals received by the vibration sensor after the hydraulic fracturing is finished, so as to obtain a wave velocity field after the hydraulic fracturing of the coal bed.
Further, the vibration sensor is fixed on the bottom plate in the roadway through an anchor rod.
Further, the vibration sensor is in rigid connection with the anchor rod.
Further, the anchor rod is fixed in a compact area of the bottom plate in the roadway.
Further, the calculation time of the wave velocity of the coal seam after hydraulic fracturing is 3-7 days after fracturing.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:
according to the method, the wave velocity differences of the coal bodies under different stress states and crushing degrees are taken as physical properties, vibration sensors are arranged around a working face or a mining area, vibration wave signals generated in the coal body cracking process before and after hydraulic fracturing measures are carried out are tested in real time, the change of a coal bed wave velocity field is tested, and an image of the variation of the coal bed wave velocity field is constructed. After hydraulic fracturing is carried out in a coal seam, the wave velocity of a pressure relief area and a crushing area can be reduced, the wave velocity of a stress concentration area can be increased, and the change conditions of a coal body structure and a stress state can be observed according to the change of wave velocity fields before and after the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam, so that the evaluation of the hydraulic outburst elimination influence range of the coal seam area is realized.
The main advantages of the invention are:
1. the coal bed wave velocity field test belongs to the category of nondestructive detection, the integrity of the coal bed structure is not damaged, and the safety is high;
2. the coal bed wave velocity field test does not need core test, the operation is simple, and the cost is low;
3. the large-range regional test and evaluation of the working face and even the mining area scale can be realized, the blind area is avoided, and the evaluation result is more reliable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a hydraulic fracture influence range evaluation method based on a coal seam wave velocity field test according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a hydraulic fracture influence range evaluation method based on a coal seam wave velocity field test according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic fracturing system and a shock sensor arrangement.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a coal seam to be fractured; 2. a pressure pump; 3. a water storage container; 4. fracturing the pipe; 5. fracturing the hole;
6. a hole packer; 7. a roadway; 8. a shock sensor; 9. a cable; 10. microseismic monitoring host.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First embodiment
The embodiment provides the hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on the coal seam wave velocity field test, which is simple in operation, economical and efficient, and is suitable for evaluating and investigating the influence range and implementation effect of large-range and regional hydraulic outburst elimination measures on the coal seam in a outburst coal seam mining area or working face range. The execution flow of the hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on the coal bed wave velocity field test is shown in fig. 1, and the method comprises the following steps:
s101, determining a hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and arranging a hydraulic fracturing system and a vibration sensor in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area; the vibration sensor is connected with a microseismic monitoring host machine which is positioned on the well through a cable;
s102, before hydraulic fracturing is carried out, monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the vibration sensor and the micro-vibration monitoring host to obtain a wave velocity field before hydraulic fracturing of a coal bed;
s103, performing hydraulic fracturing on the coal body in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area by using the hydraulic fracturing system, and continuously monitoring a vibration wave signal generated in the coal body fracturing process in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the vibration sensor and the micro-vibration monitoring host machine in the hydraulic fracturing process to obtain a wave velocity field after the coal bed is subjected to hydraulic fracturing;
s104, comparing the wave velocity field after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing with the wave velocity field before the hydraulic fracturing to obtain the wave velocity variation before and after the coal seam hydraulic fracturing of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area;
s105, evaluating the hydraulic fracture influence range according to a preset judgment criterion based on the wave velocity variation to obtain an evaluation result; wherein the preset criterion is: the area with the wave velocity variation smaller than zero is an effective action area of hydraulic fracturing, and the area with the smaller wave velocity variation is better in pressure relief effect.
In conclusion, the hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method of the embodiment judges the influence range of the outburst elimination measure in the coal bed area by comparing the change of the wave velocity of the shock wave caused by the structural change of the coal body before and after hydraulic fracturing, reduces the evaluation cost and the evaluation time, solves the problems of more test points and small test range in the process of evaluating the hydraulic fracturing influence range by the conventional drilling method, is beneficial to identifying outburst elimination blind areas, and has low test cost and high accuracy.
Second embodiment
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the embodiment provides a hydraulic fracturing influence range evaluation method based on a coal seam wave velocity field test, which is suitable for evaluating and investigating the influence range and implementation effect of large-range and regional hydraulic outburst elimination measures of a coal seam in a outburst coal seam mining area or working face range. The method comprises the steps of arranging vibration sensors around the inner periphery of a roadway, continuously collecting vibration wave signals generated in the coal body fracturing process before and after hydraulic fracturing is carried out, testing a coal bed wave velocity field, and determining the hydraulic outburst elimination influence range of a coal bed region according to the change conditions of the coal bed wave velocity field before and after hydraulic fracturing. Specifically, the method implementation process is shown in fig. 2, and includes the following steps:
s201, selecting a working face or a mining area as a hydraulic fracturing implementation area according to a coal mine mining continuation plan;
s202, drilling fracturing holes 5 in a coal seam 1 to be fractured in the hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and arranging a hydraulic fracturing system in a roadway 7 near the fracturing holes 5; the hydraulic fracturing system comprises a pressure pump 2, a water storage container 3 and a fracturing pipe 4, wherein hole sealing is carried out between the fracturing pipe 4 and a coal body through a hole sealer 6;
s203, uniformly arranging eight vibration sensors 8 on a bottom plate in a roadway 7 of a hydraulic fracturing implementation area, and respectively connecting each vibration sensor 8 with a micro-seismic monitoring host 10 located on the well through a cable 9;
s204, opening the microseismic monitoring host machine 10 30 days before hydraulic fracturing is carried out, and receiving a vibration wave signal generated in the internal breaking process of the coal body of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area through the vibration sensor 8;
s205, calculating the wave velocity v of the coal bed before hydraulic fracturing by using the received vibration wave signal one day before hydraulic fracturing0(x, y, z) obtaining a wave velocity field diagram of the coal bed before hydraulic fracturing;
s206, starting a hydraulic fracturing system, pressurizing water from a water storage container 3 through a pressure pump 2, entering a fracturing hole 5 through a fracturing pipe 4 and pressing the coal into the coal, and performing high-pressure water fracturing on the coal in a hydraulic fracturing implementation area;
s207, after hydraulic fracturing is finished, closing the pressure pump 2, withdrawing the fracturing pipe 4 and the hole packer 6, and allowing water in the fracturing hole 5 to be reserved outwards;
s208, after the fracturing holes 5 do not flow outwards any more, collecting a vibration wave signal generated in the internal fracturing process of the coal body by using the vibration sensor 8;
s209, calculating the wave velocity v' (x, y, z) of the coal seam after hydraulic fracturing by using the vibration wave signals received by the vibration sensor 8 after the hydraulic fracturing is finished, and obtaining a wave velocity field diagram of the coal seam after the hydraulic fracturing is finished;
s210, the wave velocity v' (x, y, z) of the coal seam after the hydraulic fracturing is finished and the wave velocity v before the hydraulic fracturing0(x, y, z) to obtain a wave velocity variation delta v (x, y, z) and a wave velocity field variation graph of the coal bed;
s211, inverting the internal stress and fracture field change condition of the hydraulic fracturing implementation area based on the wave velocity variation delta v (x, y, z), thereby realizing the evaluation of the hydraulic fracturing influence range, wherein the judgment criterion is as follows: the area where Δ v (x, y, z) <0 is the effective action area of hydraulic fracturing, and the smaller the Δ v (x, y, z), the better the pressure relief effect.
In the formula: v is the coal bed microwave wave velocity; v' is the coal seam wave velocity after the hydraulic fracturing is finished; delta v is the variation of the wave velocity of the coal bed before and after hydraulic fracturing; (x, y, z) are the spatial location coordinates of the monitored area.
Wherein, it needs to be noted that the method of the embodiment is applicable when the strike length and the inclined length of the coal seam in the test area of the hydraulic fracturing influence range are within the range of 0-1000 m; vibration sensor 8 passes through the stock to be fixed on the bottom plate in tunnel 7, just vibration sensor 8 with be rigid connection between the stock, furtherly, the stock is fixed in the fine and close region of bottom plate in tunnel 7, must not be fixed in the broken zone. In addition, the time for calculating the wave velocity of the coal bed after the hydraulic fracturing is finished is generally 3-7 days after the fracturing is finished.
In summary, in the embodiment, based on the differences of the wave velocities of the coal bodies in different stress states and crushing degrees as physical properties, the vibration sensors are arranged around the working face or the mining area, vibration wave signals generated in the coal body cracking process before and after the hydraulic fracturing measure is implemented are tested in real time, the change of the coal bed wave velocity field is tested, and an image of the variation of the coal bed wave velocity field is constructed. After hydraulic fracturing is carried out in a coal seam, the wave velocity of a pressure relief area and a crushing area can be reduced, the wave velocity of a stress concentration area can be increased, and the change conditions of a coal body structure and a stress state can be observed according to the change of wave velocity fields before and after the hydraulic fracturing of the coal seam, so that the evaluation of the hydraulic outburst elimination influence range of the coal seam area is realized.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or terminal apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or terminal that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that while the above describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, once the basic inventive concepts have been learned, numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, which shall be deemed to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
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| CN104018830A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-09-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Time and space evaluation method of coal seam hydraulic fracturing effect |
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