CN104005747B - A kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device and using method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104005747B CN104005747B CN201410209791.9A CN201410209791A CN104005747B CN 104005747 B CN104005747 B CN 104005747B CN 201410209791 A CN201410209791 A CN 201410209791A CN 104005747 B CN104005747 B CN 104005747B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device and using method thereof, relate to sample, including confining pressure device, gather when the event of described sample occurs with event harvester for information about；Described confining pressure device includes backup rolls, end cap and described end cap and forms the sealing cavity in space, air bleeding valve, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump, pressure transmitter, water pump, water injection pipe；Described harvester includes acoustic emission sensor, sound receiver, ess-strain sheet, stress-strain gage。The present invention overcomes the prior art cannot the deficiency of fracture location, it is to avoid tradition is based on the man's activity of continuity mechanics method；By utilizing acoustic emission principle, stress, strain effect, fracturing process parameter can be obtained comparatively really, especially rupture location can be oriented, record breaks the series of features such as the waveform discharged and frequency, when the different confined pressure of simulation, the relevant parameter change of different coal petrography sample fracturing and rule of breaking。
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device and using method thereof。
Background technology
Hydraulic fracture technology is applied in petroleum works the earliest to improve oil-poor well yield, is increasingly becoming one of most reliable method measuring deep formation Original strata stress。Important application is have also been obtained in the field such as storage of the exploitation of geothermal energy resources, nuke rubbish。Therefore, hydraulic fracturing technology has essential industry value and economic benefit。
Downhole fluid pressure when fracture pressure in fracturing is to make stratum produce hydraulic fracture or open primary fracture, and fracture pressure gradient refers to that the ratio of fracture pressure and the degree of depth is referred to as fracture pressure gradient, formation fracture pressure determines that the Main Basis of down-hole string, downhole tool, wellhead assembly pressure limit；Superlatively face-pumping pressure, infusion discharge capacity when may determine that pressing crack construction according to fracture pressure and plant capacity need to be used。Current formation fracture pressure is higher, is because stratum crustal stress big；Heterogeneity is weak, and under High Temperature High Pressure, plasticity is strong, and Poisson's ratio is big；Stratum permeability is low；Fracture pressure difference between Thief zone and impervious bed is up to more than 30%；Stratum plasticity is big, and deformability is strong, not easily pressure break。
In fracturing, hydraulic fracture crack initiation, from point source, progressively connects into line source seam, around pit shaft, fracture initiation is probably a plurality of seam, gradually forming a main seam in fracture extension process, formation fracture forms crack, first has to overcome the tensile strength of crustal stress and rock。In general, the tensile strength ratio comprcssive strength of rock is much lower, and due to the effect at joint or intrinsic fracture, in the pattern of some formation fractures, is also adopted by the hypothesis that tensile strength of rock is zero。After the extension in crack refers to that rock rupture forms crack, the process extended forward is continued under fluid pressure effect in seam, main research lateral and vertical on extension, its extension plane is always perpendicular to minimum main stress direction, namely along maximum main stress direction。The formation fracture geometric shape in formation crack, nearly pit shaft area is more complicated, it is also possible to a plurality of seam。Along with the extension in crack, gradually form a main seam, under the conditions such as intrinsic fracture growth, it will multiple cracking occurs。The extending pressure in crack refers to the pressure required for vee crack, is generally below fracture pressure, but the stratum that some intrinsic fracture is grown, formation fracture pressure is also inconspicuous。
In Chinese Patent Application No.: a kind of coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental provision disclosed in 201010612685, including sampling device system, confined pressure system, fracturing system, closed system and monitoring system, sampling device system includes sample cylinder, bottom in sample cylinder is provided with screen drum, outlet pipe it is provided with bottom screen drum, it is loaded with sample in sample cylinder above screen drum, in sample, is provided with simulation boring；Confined pressure system includes inflation subsystem and water-filling subsystem, and fracturing system includes fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump, and the outlet of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is connected with described simulation boring by fracturing pipeline；Closed system includes sample cylinder sealing device and experiment cylinder sealing device；Monitoring system includes the acoustic emission sensor being located on sample cylinder outer wall。This technical scheme can be simulated experiment at laboratory, finds out underground coal mine this coal bed drilling hydraulic fracturing process fracture initiation, extension, extension Changing Pattern, understands fracture extension direction and then guide field pressure break, thus being greatly improved fracturing effect。But, often there is a big difference with measured value for the fracture propagation pressure that prediction obtains, this is owing to this technical scheme can not be accurately positioned by fracture, the analysis of stress, strain effect can not be carried out, some assumed conditions designed a model, the formation condition of reality might not be met, so this experimental provision need further improvement。
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides one and under different confined pressures, different coal petrography samples can be carried out water filling pressure fracture model experiment, and effectively observe device and the using method thereof of hydraulic fracture form and position, i.e. a kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device and using method thereof in an experiment。
In order to solve the problems referred to above, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device, relates to sample, including confining pressure device, gather when the event of described sample occurs with event harvester for information about；Described confining pressure device includes backup rolls, end cap and described end cap and forms the sealing cavity in space, air bleeding valve, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump, pressure transmitter, water pump, water injection pipe；Described backup rolls is through described end cap and gos deep in described cavity, described air bleeding valve connects with described inside cavity, described water injection pipe one end is inserted in described sample, the other end is connected with described second water injection valve, the other end of described second water injection valve is connected with described vacuum-pump line, described pressure transmitter one end is connected with vacuum-pump line, the other end is connected with described first water injection valve pipeline, described 3rd water injection valve connects with described inside cavity, and described first water injection valve, the 3rd water injection valve are all connected with described water pump pipeline；Described harvester includes acoustic emission sensor, sound receiver, ess-strain sheet, stress-strain gage, described acoustic emission sensor, ess-strain sheet are arranged on described specimen surface, described acoustic emission sensor electrically connects with described sound receiver, and described ess-strain sheet electrically connects with described stress-strain gage。By utilizing acoustic emission principle, stress, strain effect, can the comparatively real fracturing process of sample, especially rupture location can be oriented, record breaks the series of features such as the waveform discharged and frequency, when the different confined pressure of simulation, the relevant parameter change of different coal petrography sample fracturing and rule of breaking。
Preferably, described water injection pipe is metal tube。
Preferably, described metal tube is copper pipe。
Preferably, described water pump is plunger metering pump；The flow of plunger metering pump can from zero percent to absolutely dynamically regulating；Pulse is little, stable working。
Preferably, described sample is the coal petrography sample on stratum。
Preferably, described cavity is provided with discharging valve, it is simple to bled off by water in cavity, thus continuing next group experiment,
Preferably, described cavity is transparent cavity, it is simple to observe outside cavity。
Preferably, described harvester also includes the video camera being located at outside cavity, during by camera record specimen broke for information about, it is possible to sample pressure break image detected。
Preferably, the using method of described confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device,
(1) at specimen surface, acoustic emission sensor, ess-strain sheet are installed, sample is put in cavity, and the plug of water injection pipe is injected in sample；
(2) cover end cap, backup rolls is pushed down coal petrography sample through end cap；
(3) close the first water injection valve, air bleeding valve, open the second water injection valve, start vacuum pump and bleed；
(4) bleed complete, close the second water injection valve and vacuum pump, open the 3rd water injection valve, start water pump to water filling in cavity；The injecting process discharges excessive gas by air bleeding valve；
(5) stop water pump after reaching predetermined test pressure, close the 3rd water injection valve；
(6) by backup rolls, sample is applied different axial forces；Open first, second water injection valve simultaneously, water filling in sample, until specimen broke；Pressure transmitter is opened when to water filling in coal petrography sample, real-time testing water injection pressure；
(7), during specimen broke, acoustic emission sensor and ess-strain sheet send after corresponding signal, sound receiver and stress-strain gage receive signal and process, and obtain fracturing process parameter, and video camera obtains sample pressure break image。
Preferably, step (3) is carried out again after the moisture in the pipeline remove water injection pipe, being connected with described second water injection valve, vacuum pump。
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
The present invention overcomes the prior art cannot the deficiency of fracture location, it is to avoid tradition is based on the man's activity of continuity mechanics method；By utilizing acoustic emission principle, stress, strain effect, fracturing process parameter can be obtained comparatively really, especially rupture location can be oriented, record breaks the series of features such as the waveform discharged and frequency, when the different confined pressure of simulation, the relevant parameter change of different coal petrography sample fracturing and rule of breaking；Different confined pressure can be simulated, hydraulic fracturing coal petrography in different confined pressure situation can be tested break rule, the pressure door threshold value of hydraulic fracturing coal petrography in different confined pressure situation can be tested, the rule of breaking of hydraulic fracturing defect coal petrography in different confined pressure situation can be tested。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram。
In figure: 1, backup rolls, 2, end cap, 3, cavity, 4, air bleeding valve, 5, the first water injection valve, the 6, second water injection valve, 7, vacuum pump, 8, pressure transmitter, 9, plunger metering pump, the 10, the 3rd water injection valve, 11, sample, 12, copper pipe, 13, acoustic emission sensor, 14, ess-strain sheet, 15, discharging valve, 16, video camera, 17, water source, 18, sound receiver, 19, stress-strain gage。
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device of the present invention, relating to sample 11, sample 11 is the coal petrography sample on stratum；Including confining pressure device, gather sample 11 event occur time with event harvester for information about；Confining pressure device includes backup rolls 1, end cap 2 and end cap 2 and forms the sealing transparent cavity 3 in space, air bleeding valve 4, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump 7, pressure transmitter 8, plunger metering pump the 9, the 3rd water injection valve 10, copper pipe 12；Backup rolls 1 is through end cap 2 and gos deep in cavity 3, air bleeding valve 4 is internal with cavity 3 to be connected, copper pipe 12 one end is inserted in sample 11, the other end and the second water injection valve 6 are connected, the other end of the second water injection valve 6 is connected with vacuum pump 7 pipeline, and pressure transmitter 8 one end is connected with vacuum pump 7 pipeline, and the other end and the first water injection valve 5 pipeline connect, confined pressure water injection valve 10 is internal with cavity 3 to be connected, and the first water injection valve the 5, the 3rd water injection valve 10 is all connected with plunger metering pump 9 pipeline；Harvester includes acoustic emission sensor 13, sound receiver 18, ess-strain sheet 14, stress-strain gage 19, acoustic emission sensor 13, ess-strain sheet 14 are arranged on sample 11 surface, acoustic emission sensor 13 electrically connects with sound receiver 18, carries out signal transmission；Ess-strain sheet 14 electrically connects with stress-strain gage 19, carries out signal transmission；Cavity 3 is provided with discharging valve 15, the video camera 16 outside cavity 3；Plunger metering pump 9 is connected with water source 17；Transparent cavity 3 is easy to observe, record, when video camera 16 records specimen broke for information about。
The using method of this device,
(1) acoustic emission sensor 13, ess-strain sheet 14 are installed on sample 11 surface, sample 11 are put in cavity 3, and the plug of copper pipe 12 is injected in sample 11；
(2) cover end cap 2, backup rolls 1 is pushed down coal petrography sample 11 through end cap 2；
(3) moisture in the pipeline remove copper pipe 12, being connected with the second water injection valve 6, vacuum pump 7, closes the first water injection valve 5, air bleeding valve 4, opens the second water injection valve 6, starts vacuum pump 7 and bleeds；
(4) bleed complete, close the second water injection valve 6 and vacuum pump 7, open the 3rd water injection valve 10, start plunger metering pump 9 to water filling in cavity 3；The injecting process discharges excessive gas by air bleeding valve 4；
(5) reach stop plunger dosing pump 9 after predetermined test pressure, close the 3rd water injection valve 10；
(6) by backup rolls 1, sample 11 is applied different axial forces；Open first, second water injection valve simultaneously, water filling in sample 11, until specimen broke；Pressure transmitter 8 is opened when to water filling in coal petrography sample 11, real-time testing water injection pressure；
(7) during specimen broke, acoustic emission sensor 13 and ess-strain sheet 14 send after corresponding signal, sound receiver 18 and stress-strain gage 19 receive signal and process, and obtain fracturing process parameter, and video camera 16 obtains sample pressure break image。
It is of course also possible to utilize gas or oil thing to replace water, equally possible realization applies confined pressure purpose。
The ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described。Skilled person will appreciate that of the industry; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; described in above-described embodiment and description is that principles of the invention is described; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements both fall within the claimed scope of the invention。Claimed scope is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof。
Claims (10)
1. a confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device, it is characterised in that: relate to sample, including confining pressure device, gather described sample event occur time with event harvester for information about；Described confining pressure device includes backup rolls, end cap and described end cap and forms the sealing cavity in space, air bleeding valve, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump, pressure transmitter, water pump, water injection pipe；Described backup rolls is through described end cap and gos deep in described cavity, described air bleeding valve connects with described inside cavity, described water injection pipe one end is inserted in described sample, the other end is connected with described second water injection valve, the other end of described second water injection valve is connected with described vacuum-pump line, described pressure transmitter one end is connected with vacuum-pump line, the other end is connected with described first water injection valve pipeline, described 3rd water injection valve connects with described inside cavity, and described first water injection valve, the 3rd water injection valve are all connected with described water pump pipeline；Described harvester includes acoustic emission sensor, sound receiver, ess-strain sheet, stress-strain gage, described acoustic emission sensor, ess-strain sheet are arranged on described specimen surface, described acoustic emission sensor electrically connects with described sound receiver, and described ess-strain sheet electrically connects with described stress-strain gage。
2. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described water injection pipe is metal tube。
3. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described metal tube is copper pipe。
4. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described water pump is plunger metering pump。
5. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described sample is the coal petrography sample on stratum。
6. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cavity is provided with discharging valve。
7. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described cavity is transparent cavity。
8. confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: described harvester also includes the video camera being located at outside cavity。
9. the using method of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that:
(1) at described specimen surface, described acoustic emission sensor, ess-strain sheet are installed, sample is put in described cavity, and the plug of described water injection pipe is injected in sample；
(2) cover described end cap, described backup rolls is pushed down sample through described end cap；
(3) close described first water injection valve, air bleeding valve, open described second water injection valve, start described vacuum pump and bleed；
(4) bleed complete, close described second water injection valve, vacuum pump, open described 3rd water injection valve, start described water pump to water filling in cavity；The injecting process discharges excessive gas by described air bleeding valve；
(5) stop described water pump after reaching predetermined test pressure, close described 3rd water injection valve；
(6) by described backup rolls, sample is applied different axial forces；Open described first, second water injection valve simultaneously, water filling in described sample, until described specimen broke；Described pressure transmitter is opened when to water filling in sample, real-time testing water injection pressure；
(7) during specimen broke, described acoustic emission sensor and described ess-strain sheet send corresponding signal, and described sound receiver, stress-strain gage process after receiving signal, obtain fracturing process parameter, and described video camera obtains sample pressure break image。
10. the using method of confined pressure hydraulic fracturing experiments device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: carry out step (3) again after the moisture in the pipeline remove water injection pipe, being connected with described second water injection valve, vacuum pump。
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| CN104369687B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-17 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Online fracturing test vehicle |
| CN104977234B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-02-27 | 安徽理工大学 | Pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device and method |
| CN104989359B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 东北石油大学 | Non-homogeneity layering injection oriented fracturing experimental device |
| CN105043706B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-07-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of discharge-induced explosion plasma oil output experimental rig |
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| CN102645396A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-08-22 | 太原理工大学 | Test method for improving coal rock permeability and device thereof |
| CN103234890A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-08-07 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Low-permeability coal high-pressure gas cycle pulse fracturing anti-reflection experimental device |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| US4192182A (en) * | 1978-11-16 | 1980-03-11 | Sylvester G Clay | Method for performing step rate tests on injection wells |
| CN101718660A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2010-06-02 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Explosion dynamic-load fracturing simulation test device |
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