CN104005747A - Confining pressure hydraulic fracturing experiment device and use method thereof - Google Patents
Confining pressure hydraulic fracturing experiment device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104005747A CN104005747A CN201410209791.9A CN201410209791A CN104005747A CN 104005747 A CN104005747 A CN 104005747A CN 201410209791 A CN201410209791 A CN 201410209791A CN 104005747 A CN104005747 A CN 104005747A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 30
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a confining pressure hydraulic fracturing experiment device and a use method thereof, and relates to samples. The confining pressure hydraulic fracturing experiment device comprises a confining pressure device and a collecting device, wherein the collecting device is used for collecting information related to events when the events of the samples occur. The confining pressure device comprises a pressure bearing shaft, an end cover, a cavity forming a sealing space with the end cover, an exhaust valve, a first water injection valve, a second water injection valve, a third water injection valve, a vacuum pump, a pressure transmitter, a water pump and a water injection pipe. The collecting device comprises an acoustic emission sensor, a sound receiver, a stress-strain piece and a stress-strain instrument. According to the confining pressure hydraulic fracturing experiment device and the use method thereof, the shortcoming that cracks can not be located in the prior art is overcome, and man-made influence existing in a traditional method based on continuum mechanics is avoided; according to the acoustic emission principle and the stress-strain effect, parameters of the fracturing process can be obtained really, the fracturing position can be located, a series of characteristics of wave forms and frequency released by fracturing can be recorded, and related parameter changing and fracturing laws of hydraulic fracturing of different coal and rock samples under different confining pressure conditions can be simulated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities and using method thereof.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracture technology is applied in the earliest petroleum works and improves oil-poor well yield, becomes gradually one of reliable method of measuring the former geostatic stress of deep formation.In the exploitation of geothermal energy resources, the fields such as storage of nuke rubbish have also obtained important application.Therefore, hydraulic fracturing technology has essential industry value and economic benefit.
Fracture pressure in fracturing is well fluids downhole pressure while making stratum produce hydraulic fracture or open primary fracture, and fracture pressure gradient refers to that the ratio of fracture pressure and the degree of depth is referred to as fracture pressure gradient, formation fracture pressure is the Main Basis of determining down-hole string, downhole tool, wellhead assembly pressure limit; Superlatively face-pumping in the time of can determining pressing crack construction according to fracture pressure is pressed, infusion discharge capacity and need use plant capacity.Formation fracture pressure is higher at present, is because stratum geostatic stress is large; A little less than heterogeneity, under HTHP, plasticity is strong, and poisson's ratio is large; Stratum permeability is low; Fracture pressure difference between high infiltration and impervious bed can reach more than 30%; Stratum plasticity is large, and deformability is strong, is difficult for pressure break.
In fracturing, hydraulic fracture crack initiation, from point source, progressively connects into line source seam, pit shaft around fracture initiation may be many seams, in fracture extension process, progressively form a main seam, formation fracture forms crack, first will overcome the tensile strength of geostatic stress and rock.In general, the tensile strength of rock is more much lower than compressive strength, and due to the effect of joint or intrinsic fracture, and in the pattern of some formation fractures, also adopting tensile strength of rock is zero hypothesis.The extension in crack refers to that rock rupture forms behind crack, in seam, under fluid pressure effect, continue the process of expansion forward, main research side direction and vertical on extension, its extension plane is always perpendicular to the main stress direction of minimum, also along the main stress direction of maximum.Formation fracture is more complicated in the geometric shape in formation crack, nearly pit shaft area, may be also many seams.Along with the extension in crack, form gradually a main seam, under the conditions such as intrinsic fracture growth, will there will be multiple cracking.The extending pressure in crack refers to the needed pressure of vee crack, generally lower than fracture pressure, but the stratum that some intrinsic fracture is grown, formation fracture pressure is also not obvious.
In Chinese Patent Application No.: disclose a kind of coal petrographic drilling hydraulic fracture experimental facilities in 201010612685, comprise sampling device system, confined pressure system, fracturing system, closed system and monitoring system, sampling device system comprises sample cylinder, bottom in sample cylinder is provided with screen drum, screen drum bottom is provided with outlet pipe, in the sample cylinder of screen drum top, be loaded with sample, in sample, be provided with simulation boring; Confined pressure system comprises inflation subsystem and water-filling subsystem, and fracturing system comprises fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump, and the delivery port of fracturing high-pressure hydraulic pump is connected with described simulation boring by fracturing pipeline; Closed system comprises sample cylinder sealing device and experiment cylinder sealing device; Monitoring system comprises the calibrate AE sensor being located on sample cylinder outer wall.This technical scheme can be carried out simulated experiment in laboratory, find out this coal bed drilling fracturing process fracture initiation, expansion, extension Changing Pattern under coal mine, understands fracture extension direction, and then guide field pressure break, thereby greatly improves fracturing effect.But, often there is a big difference with measured value for the fracture propagation pressure that prediction obtains, this is because this technical scheme can not accurately be located by fracture, can not carry out the analysis of stress, strain effect, some assumed conditions that design a model, formation condition that might not be realistic, so this experimental facilities need further improvement.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides and a kind ofly can be under different confined pressures to different coal petrography samples, carry out water filling and press fracture model experiment, and device and the using method thereof of in experiment, effectively observing hydraulic fracture form and position, i.e. a kind of confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities and using method thereof.
In order to address the above problem, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
A confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities, relates to sample, when the event that comprise confining pressure device, gathers described sample occurs and event harvester for information about; Described confining pressure device comprises backup rolls, end cap, forms cavity, outlet valve, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump, pressure transmitter, water pump, the water injection pipe of seal cavity with described end cap; Described backup rolls passes described end cap and gos deep in described cavity, described outlet valve is communicated with described inside cavity, insert in described sample described water injection pipe one end, the other end is connected with described the second water injection valve, the other end of described the second water injection valve is connected with described vacuum-pump line, described pressure transmitter one end is connected with vacuum-pump line, the other end is connected with described the first water injection valve pipeline, described the 3rd water injection valve is communicated with described inside cavity, and described the first water injection valve, the 3rd water injection valve are all connected with described water pump pipeline; Described harvester comprises calibrate AE sensor, sound receiver, ess-strain sheet, stress-strain gage, described calibrate AE sensor, ess-strain sheet are arranged on described specimen surface, described calibrate AE sensor is electrically connected to described sound receiver, and described ess-strain sheet is electrically connected to described stress-strain gage.By utilizing acoustic emission principle, stress, strain effect, the real fracturing process of sample comparatively, especially can orient rupture location, the record serial features such as the waveform that discharges and frequency of breaking, simulate under different confined pressure conditions, the relevant parameter of different coal petrography sample fracturing changes and the rule of breaking.
Preferably, described water injection pipe is metal tube.
Preferably, described metal tube is copper pipe.
Preferably, described water pump is plunger metering pump; The flow of plunger metering pump can be from 0 percent to a hundred per cent dynamic adjustments; Pulse is little, stable working.
Preferably, the coal petrography sample that described sample is stratum.
Preferably, described cavity is provided with discharging valve, and be convenient to water in cavity to bleed off, thereby continue next group experiment,
Preferably, described cavity is transparent cavity, is convenient to observe outward at cavity.
Preferably, described harvester also comprises the video camera being located at outside cavity, while breaking by camera record sample, for information about, sample pressure break image can be detected.
Preferably, the using method of described confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities,
(1) at specimen surface, calibrate AE sensor, ess-strain sheet are installed, sample is put into cavity, and the plug of water injection pipe is injected in sample;
(2) cover end cap, backup rolls is pushed down to coal petrography sample through end cap;
(3) close the first water injection valve, outlet valve, open the second water injection valve, start vacuum pump and bleed;
(4) bleed completely, close the second water injection valve and vacuum pump, open the 3rd water injection valve, start water pump to water filling in cavity; In the injecting process, by outlet valve, discharge unnecessary gas;
(5) stop water pump after reaching predetermined test pressure, close the 3rd water injection valve;
(6) by backup rolls, sample is applied to different axial forces; Open first, second water injection valve, to water filling in sample, until sample breaks simultaneously; Pressure transmitter is opened when water filling in coal petrography sample, real-time testing water injection pressure;
(7) when sample breaks, calibrate AE sensor and ess-strain sheet send corresponding signal, and sound receiver and stress-strain gage are processed after receiving signal, obtain fracturing process parameter, and video camera obtains sample pressure break image.
Preferably, after the ducted moisture that remove water injection pipe, is connected with described the second water injection valve, vacuum pump, carry out again step (3).
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention overcome prior art cannot fracture the deficiency of location, avoid the man's activity of tradition based on continuity mechanics method; By utilizing acoustic emission principle, stress, strain effect, can obtain comparatively really fracturing process parameter, especially can orient rupture location, the record serial features such as the waveform that discharges and frequency of breaking, simulate under different confined pressure conditions, the relevant parameter of different coal petrography sample fracturing changes and the rule of breaking; Can simulate different confined pressures, can test in different confined pressure situations hydraulic fracturing coal petrography break rule, can test the pressure threshold value of hydraulic fracturing coal petrography in different confined pressure situations, the rule of breaking that can test hydraulic fracturing defect coal petrography in different confined pressure situations.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
In figure: 1, backup rolls, 2, end cap, 3, cavity, 4, outlet valve, 5, the first water injection valve, the 6, second water injection valve, 7, vacuum pump, 8, pressure transmitter, 9, plunger metering pump, the 10, the 3rd water injection valve, 11, sample, 12, copper pipe, 13, calibrate AE sensor, 14, ess-strain sheet, 15, discharging valve, 16, video camera, 17, water source, 18, sound receiver, 19, stress-strain gage.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
In conjunction with Fig. 1, a kind of confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities of the present invention, relates to sample 11, the coal petrography sample that sample 11 is stratum; When the event that comprise confining pressure device, gathers sample 11 occurs and event harvester for information about; Confining pressure device comprises backup rolls 1, end cap 2, forms transparent cavity 3, outlet valve 4, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump 7, pressure transmitter 8, plunger metering pump 9, the 3rd water injection valve 10, the copper pipe 12 of seal cavities with end cap 2; Backup rolls 1 passes end cap 2 and gos deep in cavity 3, outlet valve 4 and cavity 3 internal communication, insert in sample 11 copper pipe 12 one end, the other end is connected with the second water injection valve 6, the other end of the second water injection valve 6 is connected with vacuum pump 7 pipelines, and pressure transmitter 8 one end are connected with vacuum pump 7 pipelines, and the other end is connected with the first water injection valve 5 pipelines, confined pressure water injection valve 10 and cavity 3 internal communication, the first water injection valve 5, the 3rd water injection valve 10 are all connected with plunger metering pump 9 pipelines; Harvester comprises calibrate AE sensor 13, sound receiver 18, ess-strain sheet 14, stress-strain gage 19, calibrate AE sensor 13, ess-strain sheet 14 are arranged on sample 11 surfaces, calibrate AE sensor 13 is electrically connected to sound receiver 18, carries out signal transmission; Ess-strain sheet 14 is electrically connected to stress-strain gage 19, carries out signal transmission; Cavity 3 is provided with discharging valve 15, the video camera 16 outside cavity 3; Plunger metering pump 9 is connected with water source 17; Transparent cavity 3 is convenient to observe, record, when video camera 16 records sample and breaks for information about.
The using method of this device,
(1) on sample 11 surfaces, calibrate AE sensor 13, ess-strain sheet 14 are installed, sample 11 is put into cavity 3, and the plug of copper pipe 12 is injected in sample 11;
(2) cover end cap 2, backup rolls 1 is pushed down to coal petrography sample 11 through end cap 2;
(3) remove copper pipe 12, with the ducted moisture that the second water injection valve 6, vacuum pump 7 are connected, close the first water injection valve 5, outlet valve 4, open the second water injection valve 6, startup vacuum pump 7 is bled;
(4) bleed completely, close the second water injection valve 6 and vacuum pump 7, open the 3rd water injection valve 10, start plunger metering pump 9 to water filling in cavity 3; In the injecting process, by outlet valve 4, discharge unnecessary gas;
(5) reach stop plunger measuring pump 9 after predetermined test pressure, close the 3rd water injection valve 10;
(6) by 1 pair of sample 11 of backup rolls, apply different axial forces; Open first, second water injection valve, to water filling in sample 11, until sample breaks simultaneously; Pressure transmitter 8 is opened when water filling in coal petrography sample 11, real-time testing water injection pressure;
(7) when sample breaks, calibrate AE sensor 13 and ess-strain sheet 14 send corresponding signal, after sound receiver 18 and stress-strain gage 19 receive signal, process, and obtain fracturing process parameter, and video camera 16 obtains sample pressure break image.
Certainly, also can utilize gas or oily thing to replace water, can realize equally and apply confined pressure object.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and manual, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (10)
1. a confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities, is characterized in that: relate to sample, when the event that comprise confining pressure device, gathers described sample occurs and event harvester for information about; Described confining pressure device comprises backup rolls, end cap, forms cavity, outlet valve, first, second, third water injection valve, vacuum pump, pressure transmitter, water pump, the water injection pipe of seal cavity with described end cap; Described backup rolls passes described end cap and gos deep in described cavity, described outlet valve is communicated with described inside cavity, insert in described sample described water injection pipe one end, the other end is connected with described the second water injection valve, the other end of described the second water injection valve is connected with described vacuum-pump line, described pressure transmitter one end is connected with vacuum-pump line, the other end is connected with described the first water injection valve pipeline, described the 3rd water injection valve is communicated with described inside cavity, and described the first water injection valve, the 3rd water injection valve are all connected with described water pump pipeline; Described harvester comprises calibrate AE sensor, sound receiver, ess-strain sheet, stress-strain gage, described calibrate AE sensor, ess-strain sheet are arranged on described specimen surface, described calibrate AE sensor is electrically connected to described sound receiver, and described ess-strain sheet is electrically connected to described stress-strain gage.
2. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water injection pipe is metal tube.
3. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described metal tube is copper pipe.
4. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water pump is plunger metering pump.
5. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the coal petrography sample that described sample is stratum.
6. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cavity is provided with discharging valve.
7. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described cavity is transparent cavity.
8. confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described harvester also comprises the video camera being located at outside cavity.
9. the using method of confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 8, is characterized in that:
(1) at described specimen surface, described calibrate AE sensor, ess-strain sheet are installed, sample is put into described cavity, and the plug of described water injection pipe is injected in sample;
(2) cover described end cap, described backup rolls is pushed down to sample through described end cap;
(3) close described the first water injection valve, outlet valve, open described the second water injection valve, start described vacuum pump and bleed;
(4) bleed completely, close described the second water injection valve, vacuum pump, open described the 3rd water injection valve, start described water pump to water filling in cavity; In the injecting process, by described outlet valve, discharge unnecessary gas;
(5) stop described water pump after reaching predetermined test pressure, close described the 3rd water injection valve;
(6) by described backup rolls, sample is applied to different axial forces; Open described first, second water injection valve, to water filling in described sample, until described sample breaks simultaneously; Described pressure transmitter is opened when water filling in sample, real-time testing water injection pressure;
(7) when sample breaks, described calibrate AE sensor and described ess-strain sheet send corresponding signal, and described sound receiver, stress-strain gage are processed after receiving signal, obtain fracturing process parameter, and described video camera obtains sample pressure break image.
10. the using method of confined pressure fracturing experimental facilities according to claim 9, is characterized in that: after the ducted moisture that remove water injection pipe, is connected with described the second water injection valve, vacuum pump, carry out step (3) again.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104369687A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-02-25 | 烟台杰瑞石油装备技术有限公司 | Online fracturing test vehicle |
| CN104977234A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-14 | 安徽理工大学 | Pressure rock failure and instability process and dynamic permeability test apparatus and method thereof |
| CN104989359A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-21 | 东北石油大学 | Non-homogeneity layering injection oriented fracturing experimental device |
| CN105043706A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Electric-explosion plasma petroleum yield-increase testing device |
| CN106872651A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-06-20 | 重庆大学 | The experimental rig and analogy method of a kind of enhanced underground heat exploitation simulation |
| CN113376684A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 天津大学 | Experimental method for researching water injection induced earthquake fault fracture process |
| CN114993824A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-02 | 安徽理工大学 | True triaxial hydraulic fracture network expansion two-dimensional visual test device and test method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105043706B (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-07-21 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of discharge-induced explosion plasma oil output experimental rig |
| CN106872651A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-06-20 | 重庆大学 | The experimental rig and analogy method of a kind of enhanced underground heat exploitation simulation |
| CN113376684A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-09-10 | 天津大学 | Experimental method for researching water injection induced earthquake fault fracture process |
| CN113376684B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-04-15 | 天津大学 | Experimental method for researching water injection induced earthquake fault fracture process |
| CN114993824A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-09-02 | 安徽理工大学 | True triaxial hydraulic fracture network expansion two-dimensional visual test device and test method |
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| CN104005747B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
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