CN104977234A - Pressure rock failure and instability process and dynamic permeability test apparatus and method thereof - Google Patents
Pressure rock failure and instability process and dynamic permeability test apparatus and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104977234A CN104977234A CN201510350657.5A CN201510350657A CN104977234A CN 104977234 A CN104977234 A CN 104977234A CN 201510350657 A CN201510350657 A CN 201510350657A CN 104977234 A CN104977234 A CN 104977234A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pressure rock failure and instability process and dynamic permeability test apparatus and a method thereof. A stress strain signal, a sound emission signal and an apparent resistivity signal in the pressure rock failure and instability process are acquired and processed by using a large pressure rock permeability test device to obtain the stress strain relationship, the quantity and positions of sound emission events and the rock apparent resistivity change rule induced by pressure water permeability increase in large pressure rock failure and instability process in order to obtain the dynamic evolution role of crack expansion, perforation and instability in the rock failure process under hydraulic-mechanical coupling action and the corresponding dynamic permeability. The hydraulic-mechanical coupling failure mechanism and the pressure permeability of rocks, and the deformation and strength characteristics, the crack expansion, perforation and failure characteristics and the permeability evolution rule of pressure water in the crack expansion-perforation-failure process of the rocks under the hydraulic-mechanical coupling action are researched in the invention. The apparatus and the method have important engineering values in realization of safe mining under water pressure on pressure water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test of pressure-bearing rock permeability field, particularly a kind of large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device and method.
Background technology
Coal seam bottom water bursting is the principal mode of China's coal-mine water damage, especially North China type coalfield, and the mine water disaster that Water Inrush causes is general and outstanding.At present, the important coal place of production of China 60% mine be subject to the threat of base plate karst piestic water to some extent, the first by water damage area and order of severity Jun Ju world country of mining.In recent years, along with mining depth constantly increases, terrestrial stress is non-linear increase trend, the complex environment that deep mining is in " three high disturbances ", the hydraulic pressure that getting working face base plate bears, press increasing, geological tectonic environment becomes increasingly complex, and makes Water Inrush problem even more serious.The generation of effective containment base plate water damage, become numerous mine common faced by hot issue and technical barrier.
At present, the seam mining by base plate karst piestic water serious threat mining area mainly adopts " deeply falling forced-ventilated " and " mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer " two kinds of methods.Mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer meets the theory of science exploitation, but its difficulty is comparatively large technically, can safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer, key depends on the water-resisting ability of seat earth water-resisting layer.Larger disturbance and impact can be produced on the stress state in water-resisting layer in working face extraction process, under mining-induced stress, piestic water seepage force and terrestrial stress coupling, in water-resisting floor no-continuous discontinuity can further expand, through until yield failure, the perviousness of water-resisting floor is obviously changed, and then formation water inrush channel, bring out floor undulation gushing water.Therefore, be necessary to carry out the distortion of bearing bottom plate water-resisting layer, destroy the correlationship research with permeable sandstone, this will contribute to announcement coal seam bottom water bursting mechanism, for Water Inrush prediction and prevention provides important theoretical foundation and construction value.
For the seat earth rock stratum be under complex stress-seepage flow coupling environment, the change of stress state often causes crack propagation in water-resisting floor destructive process, is formed through conduit pipe, brings out Water Inrush.Large quantity research shows, the Penetration Signature of water-resisting floor and rock crack germinate, expand, through process is closely related.At present, in the theory of rock mechanics and rock fracture expansion, through, failure mechanism and rock seepage liquefaction characteristic, numerical value and experimental study, all achieve abundant achievement in research, involved rock has sandstone, mud stone, coal petrography, rock salt, marble, grouan etc.But due to the restriction by experimental facilities and test rock sample size, the research in reflection deformation and failure and permeable sandstone in correlationship is still in the starting stage, lacks the theoretical and experimental investigations achievement of system.Therefore, the research work of Rock Fracture Processes and permeable sandstone aspect is carried out in the urgent need to adopting brand-new experiment, set up the theory of closely reflection rock mass water-couple of force conjunction failure mechanism and pressure-bearing Penetration Signature aspect, test unit and method of testing, carry out the research work that rock water-couple of force closes failure mechanism and pressure-bearing Penetration Signature related fields in a deep going way, illustrate the relation of rock water-couple of force fastening deformation destructive process and permeable sandstone rule, for prediction and prevention coal seam bottom water bursting provides important theory and experimental basis, realize the safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer in coal seam on piestic water.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device and method of testing.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device, its by confined pressure load-on module, sample deposits and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system form, confined pressure load-on module parcel sample deposits and water outlet module loads confined pressure to it, piestic water load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and bottom water outlet module, carry out the loading and unloading of piestic water, signal acquiring and processing system carries out signal processing and analysis in whole experimentation;
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module is located pressure metal plate by confined pressure cylinder, rubber tube, end cap, end cap seal ring, lower sealing ring, limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, grease proofing adhesive tape, upper sealing ring, sealing, is pressed metal plate gib screw, high-pressure oil pipe, high pressure oil meter, confined pressure stable-pressure device, fuel feeding valve, high-pressure oil pump, fuel tank, oil extraction pressure-release valve, the first T-valve, confined pressure chamber vent valve to form; Described rubber tube and described confined pressure cylinder looping confined pressure chamber, utilize lower sealing ring, limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, grease proofing adhesive tape, upper sealing ring, sealing location pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw to carry out sealing and anti-oil processing to annular confined pressure chamber; Described end cap and confined pressure cylinder match, and utilize end cap, end cap seal ring, socket head cap screw to seal confined pressure cylinder; Described high-pressure oil pipe one end is communicated with inside, described annular confined pressure chamber, pipeline sets gradually high pressure oil meter, confined pressure stable-pressure device, fuel feeding valve, high-pressure oil pump, fuel tank; Between described confined pressure stable-pressure device and described fuel feeding valve, connect described oil extraction pressure-release valve by the first T-valve, and connect with described fuel tank, discharge annular confined pressure chamber inner high voltage oil body to unload confined pressure by oil extraction pressure-release valve; Described confined pressure chamber vent valve is connected with inside, described annular confined pressure chamber, in confined pressure loading procedure, discharges survival gas in annular confined pressure chamber by confined pressure chamber vent valve;
Sample is deposited and water outlet module is made up of sample storage chamber, pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, backup rolls, pressure head, O-ring seal, rising pipe, flow sensor, hopper; Be placed in sample storage chamber by the large scale rock sample processed, the bottom of sample storage chamber is provided with that pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed, the top of sample storage chamber is pressure head; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed and is placed on the boss shoulder in confined pressure cylinder bottom portion, and its size and boss shoulder, rising height match; Described pressure head and described backup rolls are an entirety, backup rolls gos deep in sample storage chamber through end cap, and push down rock sample top by pressure head, rock pressure testing machine adds unloading by backup rolls transmitted load to rock sample, and the radial play between pressure head and sample storage chamber utilizes O-ring seal to carry out encapsulation process;
Piestic water load-on module is made up of piestic water holding tank, high-pressure water pipe, High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank, the second T-valve, draining pressure-release valve, piestic water holding tank vent valve; Piestic water in described piestic water holding tank is acted on bottom the rock sample in sample storage chamber by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it; Described high-pressure water pipe one end is connected with described piestic water holding tank inside, pipeline is disposed with High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device and described water injection valve, connect described draining pressure-release valve by the second T-valve, and be connected with described water tank, discharge piestic water holding tank inner high voltage water body to unload piestic water by draining pressure-release valve; Described piestic water holding tank vent valve is connected with described piestic water holding tank inside, in piestic water loading procedure, discharges survival gas in piestic water holding tank by piestic water holding tank vent valve;
Signal acquiring and processing system is loaded by rock pressure and forms with control system, strain acquirement and disposal system, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system four part, rock pressure loads and control system comprises YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, loads and the PC controlled with PowerTestV3.3, strain acquirement and disposal system comprise resistance strain gage, the first elastic rubber ring, data transmission wires, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter, PC with stress-strain data Acquire and process, resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises the PC of withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, probe resistance to compression protective cover, the second elastic rubber ring, signal transmission wire, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process, acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises copper plate electrode, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 3rd elastic rubber ring, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument, the PC of surfer or illustrator software aided drawing, copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Further, described test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as high-pressure oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness teflon insulation layer.
Further, described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed as circular plate type, and its center is provided with central through hole, and periphery is provided with that diameter centered by central through hole is identical, multi-ring annular distribution through hole; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface is provided with multi-ring annular groove, and itself and annular spread through hole are interconnected, and described ring-shaped groove width is identical with through-hole diameter.
Further, described pressure head is cylindrical, is provided with apopore in the middle part of described pressure head and backup rolls, and apopore is connected with flow sensor, hopper successively by rising pipe; Described pressure head lower surface is provided with the cross and ring-shaped water guide groove centered by apopore, and is crossly interconnected with ring-shaped water guide groove.
Utilize a kind of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability of said apparatus and dynamic permeability characteristic test method, utilize pressure-bearing rock permeability test unit, by ess-strain signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
Further, the concrete operation step of described method is as follows:
Prepared by step one, rock sample: the seat earth rock stratum above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery drills through complete different lithology core, is processed in laboratory
the large scale rock sample of different lithology;
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge: in the side arrangement of rock sample, fixed resistance foil gauge, in axis and each one of the radial direction of rock sample, resistance strain gage and the contact position of rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure, described resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, gather strain variation data, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability,
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept are popped one's head in: at the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of rock sample, at the contact position daubing coupling agent of acoustic emission receiving transducer and rock sample, ensure the good of contact, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to rock sample high confining pressure, prevent transmitting probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized; Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode: get out some in rock sample side by hand-held drill, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, utilize conducting resinl sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized.Network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 5, applying rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure: rock sample is placed in sample storage chamber, rock pressure testing machine is utilized to push down rock sample top by the pressure head on backup rolls, radial play between pressure head and sample storage chamber utilizes O-ring seal to seal, and confined pressure cylinder utilizes end cap to seal; Utilize confined pressure load-on module to apply certain side direction confined pressure to rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, and the side direction confined pressure applied is greater than the pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure of bottom;
Step 6, rock sample load and signals collecting: start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded and the control system that start YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine load rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal, until rock sample destroys unstability;
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal: utilize ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring in loading procedure and collection, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal carry out identifying and process, obtain the ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof,
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device is utilized to carry out the experimental study of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, obtain pressure-bearing rock fracture expansion under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, through until ess-strain Evolution, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule in Failure Instability, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure are to the affecting laws of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Apparatus of the present invention 1, rubber tube is changed simply, confined pressure is even, is provided with grease proofing adhesive tape; 2, be provided with resistance to compression protective cover, avoid acoustic emission probe to be subject to the impact of high confining pressure, and copper plate electrode damage confined pressure chamber rubber tube; 3, vent valve is set, prevents residual gas pressure break rock sample; 4, be provided with stable-pressure device, be conducive to the stable of rock sample side direction confined pressure and bottom piestic water hydraulic pressure; 5, test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as high-pressure oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon), rigidity test unit is avoided to disturb the Electric Field Distribution of copper plate electrode; 6, be provided with pressure-release valve, the dynamic permeability characteristic test research of rock sample uninstall process can be carried out; 7, pressure head lower surface is provided with water guide groove, is beneficial to piestic water and converges in the middle part of pressure head, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore.8, arrange the multi-ring annular groove be interconnected with through hole at pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface, the piestic water area acted on is increased and hydraulic pressure is uniformly distributed bottom rock sample, test findings is actual, scientific and reasonable.
The present invention with in high strength exploitation process in coal seam on piestic water cause water-resisting floor Mining failure and no-continuous discontinuity expansion, through, destroy while, increase the perviousness of water-resisting floor, forming water inrush channel, bringing out floor undulation gushing water for relying on engineering background.Adopt laboratory experiment to close failure mechanism to rock water-couple of force and pressure-bearing Penetration Signature is studied, point bleed-force coupling action characteristics of deformation and strength of lower rock, crack propagation through with destructive characteristics and piestic water the permeable sandstone rule in crack propagation-through-destructive process.Achievement in research provides important theoretical foundation for prediction and prevention coal seam bottom water bursting, is realizing that piestic water has important construction value in safe mining under safe waterpressure of aquifer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device internal cross section schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of pressure-bearing porous permeable steel grate upper surface (a), lower surface (b) structure bottom large scale pressure-bearing rock sample
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of large scale pressure-bearing rock sample top ram upper surface (a), lower surface (b) structure
Fig. 4 is the large scale pressure-bearing rock sample schematic diagram of processing preparation
Fig. 5 is that large scale pressure-bearing rock sample resistance strain gage (a), acoustic emission probe (b) and electrical method of network concurrency copper plate electrode (c) are arranged, fixing and safeguard measure schematic diagram
Fig. 6 is that large scale pressure-bearing rock sample side direction confined pressure loads and bottom piestic water loads schematic diagram
Fig. 7 is stress-strain relation in large scale pressure-bearing rock sample Failure Instability and acoustie emission event number change figure
Fig. 8 is the acoustie emission event location map in large scale pressure-bearing rock sample Failure Instability
Fig. 9 is the apparent resistivity response cloud atlas in large scale pressure-bearing rock sample Failure Instability
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module: 1-1, confined pressure cylinder, 1-2, rubber tube, 1-3, annular confined pressure chamber, 1-4, end cap, 1-5, end cap seal ring, 1-6, socket head cap screw, 1-7, lower sealing ring, 1-8, limited location snap ring, 1-9, limited location snap ring screw, 1-10, grease proofing adhesive tape, 1-11, upper sealing ring, 1-12, sealing location pressure metal plate, 1-13, pressure metal plate gib screw, 1-14, high-pressure oil pipe, 1-15, high pressure oil meter, 1-16, confined pressure stable-pressure device, 1-17, fuel feeding valve, 1-18, high-pressure oil pump, 1-19, fuel tank, 1-20, oil extraction pressure-release valve, 1-21, first T-valve, 1-22, confined pressure chamber vent valve.
Sample is deposited and water outlet module: 2-1, rock sample, 2-2, sample storage chamber, 2-3, pressure-bearing porous permeable steel grate, 2-3a, central through hole, 2-3b, annular spread through hole, 2-3c, ring-shaped groove, 2-4, boss shoulder, 2-5, backup rolls, 2-6, pressure head, 2-7, O-ring seal, 2-8, water guide groove, 2-8a, cross water guide groove, 2-8b, ring-shaped water guide groove, 2-9, apopore, 2-10, rising pipe, 2-11, flow sensor, 2-12, hopper.
Piestic water load-on module: 3-1, piestic water holding tank, 3-2, high-pressure water pipe, 3-3, High-pressure watermeter, 3-4, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, 3-5, water injection valve, 3-6, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, 3-7, water tank, 3-8, draining pressure-release valve, 3-9, the second T-valve, 3-10, piestic water holding tank vent valve.
Signal acquiring and processing system: 4-1, rock pressure load and control system, 4-2, strain acquirement and disposal system, 4-3, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, 4-4, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system.Wherein, rock pressure loads and comprises with control system: 4-1a, YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, 4-1b, PC (PowerTestV3.3 loads and control program); Strain acquirement and disposal system comprise: 4-2a, resistance strain gage, 4-2b, first elastic rubber ring, 4-2c, data transmission wires, 4-2d, resistance strain gage wire converting interface, 4-2e, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter (center processor, display and prime amplifier AMP), 4-2f, PC (stress-strain data Acquire and process program); Acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises: 4-3a, withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, 4-3b, probe resistance to compression protective cover, 4-3c, the second elastic rubber ring, 4-3d, signal transmission wire, 4-3e, acoustic emission probe wire converting interface, 4-3f, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument (built-in signal amplifier), 4-3g, PC (acoustic emission signal Acquire and process program); Apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises: 4-4a, copper plate electrode, 4-4b, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 4-4c, the 3rd elastic rubber ring, 4-4d, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, 4-4e, copper plate electrode wire converting interface, 4-4f, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument (WBDPro resistivity data resolution system), 4-4g, PC (surfer or illustrator software aided drafting program).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention program is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device, by confined pressure load-on module, sample deposits and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system form.Described test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as high-pressure oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon), as shown in Figure 1.
As shown in Figure 1, confined pressure load-on module, is made up of confined pressure cylinder 1-1, rubber tube 1-2, annular confined pressure chamber 1-3, end cap 1-4, end cap seal ring 1-5, socket head cap screw 1-6, lower sealing ring 1-7, limited location snap ring 1-8, limited location snap ring screw 1-9, grease proofing adhesive tape 1-10, upper sealing ring 1-11, sealing location pressure metal plate 1-12, pressure metal plate gib screw 1-13, high-pressure oil pipe 1-14, high pressure oil meter 1-15, confined pressure stable-pressure device 1-16, fuel feeding valve 1-17, high-pressure oil pump 1-18, fuel tank 1-19, oil extraction pressure-release valve 1-20, the first T-valve 1-21, confined pressure chamber vent valve 1-22; Described rubber tube 1-2 is coaxial and be positioned at confined pressure cylinder 1-1, looping confined pressure chamber, the space 1-3 between rubber tube 1-2 and confined pressure cylinder 1-1 with described confined pressure cylinder 1-1; Described end cap 1-4 and confined pressure cylinder 1-1 matches, and utilize end cap 1-4, end cap seal ring 1-5, socket head cap screw 1-6 seal confined pressure cylinder 1-1, in confined pressure cylinder 1-1, lower sealing ring 1-7, limited location snap ring 1-8, limited location snap ring screw 1-9, grease proofing adhesive tape 1-10, upper sealing ring 1-11, sealing location pressure metal plate 1-12, pressure metal plate gib screw 1-13 is utilized to carry out sealing and anti-oil processing to annular confined pressure chamber 1-3.Described high-pressure oil pipe 1-14 one end is communicated with described annular confined pressure chamber 1-3 inside, pipeline is disposed with high pressure oil meter 1-15, confined pressure stable-pressure device 1-16, fuel feeding valve 1-17, high-pressure oil pump 1-18, fuel tank 1-19; Between described confined pressure stable-pressure device 1-16 and described fuel feeding valve 1-17, described oil extraction pressure-release valve 1-20 is connected by the first T-valve 1-21, and connect with described fuel tank 1-19, discharge annular confined pressure chamber 1-3 inner high voltage oil body to unload confined pressure by oil extraction pressure-release valve 1-20; Described confined pressure chamber vent valve 1-22 is communicated with from the top of confined pressure cylinder 1-1 sidewall with described annular confined pressure chamber 1-3 inside, in confined pressure loading procedure, survival gas in annular confined pressure chamber 1-3 is discharged by confined pressure chamber vent valve 1-22, avoid the impact that in annular confined pressure chamber 1-3, survival gas loads confined pressure, to improve the reliability of test.
Sample is deposited and water outlet module, and by depositing the sample storage chamber 2-2 of rock sample 2-1, pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, central through hole 2-3a, annular spread through hole 2-3b, ring-shaped groove 2-3c, boss shoulder 2-4, backup rolls 2-5, pressure head 2-6, O-ring seal 2-7, water guide groove 2-8, cross water guide groove 2-8a, ring-shaped water guide groove 2-8b, apopore 2-9, rising pipe 2-10, flow sensor 2-11, hopper 2-12 form.The large scale rock sample 2-1 processed is placed in sample storage chamber 2-2, the bottom of sample storage chamber 2-2 is provided with pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, the top of sample storage chamber 2-2 is pressure head; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 is placed on the boss shoulder 2-4 bottom confined pressure cylinder 1-1, and the rising height of its size and boss shoulder 2-4 matches; Described pressure head 2-6 and described backup rolls 2-5 is an entirety, backup rolls 2-5 gos deep in sample storage chamber 2-2 through end cap 1-4, and push down rock sample top by pressure head 2-6, rock pressure testing machine adds unloading by backup rolls 2-5 transmitted load to rock sample 2-1, and the radial play between pressure head 2-6 and sample storage chamber 2-2 utilizes O-ring seal 2-7 to carry out encapsulation process.As shown in Figure 2, described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 is circular plate type, be made by high strength, high rigid metal materials processing, its center is provided with central through hole 2-3a, and periphery is provided with that diameter centered by central through hole 2-3a is identical, multi-ring annular distribution through hole 2-3b; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 upper surface is provided with multi-ring annular groove 2-3c, and itself and annular spread through hole 2-3b are interconnected, and described ring-shaped groove 2-3c width is identical with through-hole diameter.Pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 upper surface arranges the multi-ring annular groove 2-3c be interconnected with through hole, both ensured that the rigidity of pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, intensity and rock pressure testing machine matched, make again to act on piestic water area bottom rock sample 2-1 by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3 to increase and hydraulic pressure is uniformly distributed, permeability test result is more realistic, rationally more scientific.As shown in Figure 3, described pressure head 2-6 is cylindrical, is made by high strength, high rigid metal materials processing; Be provided with apopore 2-9 in the middle part of described pressure head 2-6 and backup rolls 2-5, apopore 2-9 is connected with flow sensor 2-11, hopper 2-12 successively by rising pipe 2-10; Described pressure head 2-6 lower surface is provided with cross water guide groove 2-8a centered by apopore 2-9 and annular water guide groove 2-8b, and water guide groove is interconnected, described cross water guide groove 2-8a and annular water guide groove 2-8b is energy diversion pressure bearing water in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, be conducive to rock sample top piestic water to converge in the middle part of pressure head, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore.
Piestic water load-on module, is made up of piestic water holding tank 3-1, high-pressure water pipe 3-2, High-pressure watermeter 3-3, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4, water injection valve 3-5, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump 3-6, water tank 3-7, draining pressure-release valve 3-8, the second T-valve 3-9, piestic water holding tank vent valve 3-10.Piestic water in described piestic water holding tank 3-1 acts on bottom the rock sample in sample storage chamber by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb 2-3, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it.Described high-pressure water pipe 3-2 one end is connected with described piestic water holding tank 3-1 inside, pipeline sets gradually High-pressure watermeter 3-3, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4, water injection valve 3-5, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump 3-6, water tank 3-7; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device 3-4 and described water injection valve 3-5, described draining pressure-release valve 3-8 is connected by the second T-valve 3-9, and be connected with described water tank 3-7, discharge piestic water holding tank 3-1 inner high voltage water body by draining pressure-release valve 3-8 and can unload piestic water; Described piestic water holding tank vent valve 3-10 is connected with described piestic water holding tank 3-1 inside, in piestic water loading procedure, survival gas in piestic water holding tank 3-1 is discharged by piestic water holding tank vent valve 3-10, avoid the impact that in piestic water holding tank, survival gas loads piestic water, to improve the reliability of test.
Signal acquiring and processing system, is loaded by rock pressure and forms with control system 4-1, strain acquirement and disposal system 4-2, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system 4-3, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system 4-4 tetra-part.Rock pressure loads and comprises YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine 4-1a, PC 4-1b (PowerTestV3.3 loads and control program) etc. with control system; Strain acquirement and disposal system comprise resistance strain gage 4-2a, the first elastic rubber ring 4-2b, data transmission wires 4-2c, resistance strain gage wire converting interface 4-2d, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter 4-2e (center processor, display and prime amplifier AMP), PC 4-2f (stress-strain data Acquire and process program); Resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer 4-3a, probe resistance to compression protective cover 4-3b, the second elastic rubber ring 4-3c, signal transmission wire 4-3d, acoustic emission probe wire converting interface 4-3e, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument 4-3f (built-in signal amplifier), PC 4-3g (acoustic emission signal Acquire and process program) etc.; Acoustic emission receiving transducer 4-3a utilizes signal transmission wire 43-d to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface 4-3e of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises copper plate electrode 4-4a, electrode resistance to compression protective cover 4-4b, 3rd elastic rubber ring 4-4c, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire 4-4d, copper plate electrode wire converting interface 4-4e, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument 4-4f (WBDPro resistivity data resolution system), PC 4-4g (surfer or illustrator software aided drafting program) etc., copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus the apparent resistivity signal obtained in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.Meanwhile, in order to avoid the Electric Field Distribution of rigidity test unit interference network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, certain thickness insulation course (teflon) is all coated with in whole test unit inner and outer surface layers.
Apparatus of the present invention: 1, rubber tube is changed simply, confined pressure is even, is provided with grease proofing adhesive tape; 2, be provided with resistance to compression protective cover, avoid acoustic emission probe to be subject to the impact of high confining pressure, and copper plate electrode damage confined pressure chamber rubber tube; 3, vent valve is set, prevents residual gas pressure break rock sample; 4, be provided with stable-pressure device, be conducive to the stable of rock sample side direction confined pressure and bottom piestic water hydraulic pressure; 5, test unit, except the auxiliary accessories such as high-pressure oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness insulation course (teflon), rigidity test unit is avoided to disturb the Electric Field Distribution of copper plate electrode; 6, be provided with pressure-release valve, the dynamic permeability characteristic test research of rock sample uninstall process can be carried out; 7, pressure head lower surface is provided with water guide groove, is beneficial to piestic water and converges in the middle part of pressure head, be easy to piestic water and discharge from apopore.8, arrange the multi-ring annular groove be interconnected with through hole at pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface, the piestic water area acted on is increased and hydraulic pressure is uniformly distributed bottom rock sample, test findings is actual, scientific and reasonable.
A kind of large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature method of testing, utilize pressure-bearing rock permeability test unit, by ess-strain signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
Method as above, its concrete operation step is:
Step 1, prepared by rock sample.Seat earth rock stratum above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery drills through the good different lithology core of integrality, is processed in laboratory
the large scale rock sample (as ls, shale, mud stone, sandstone etc.) of different lithology, as shown in Figure 4.
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge.At side arrangement, the fixed resistance foil gauge (axis of rock sample and each one of radial direction) of rock sample, as shown in Fig. 5 (a), resistance strain gage and the contact position of rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure.Resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept is popped one's head in.At the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of rock sample, as shown in Fig. 5 (b), acoustic emission receiving transducer and the contact position daubing coupling agent (VC101) of rock sample ensure to contact good, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to rock sample high confining pressure, prevent transmitting probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized.Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode.Some is got out in rock sample side with small hand-held rig, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, as shown in Fig. 5 (c), utilize conducting resinl (DDG-A high-efficient electrical contacts conductive paste) sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized.Network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
Step 5, applies rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure.Be placed on by rock sample in sample storage chamber, utilize rock pressure testing machine to push down rock sample top by the pressure head on backup rolls, the radial play between pressure head and sample storage chamber utilizes O-ring seal to seal, and confined pressure cylinder utilizes end cap to seal; Confined pressure load-on module is utilized to apply certain side direction confined pressure to rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, and the side direction confined pressure applied is greater than the pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure of bottom, as shown in Figure 6.
Step 6, rock sample loads and signals collecting.Start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded control system starting YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine loads rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal, until rock sample destroys unstability.
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal.Utilize ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring in loading procedure and collection, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal carry out identifying and process, obtain the ess-strain Evolution (Fig. 7) in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity (Fig. 7), position (Fig. 8) and change in apparent resistivity rule (Fig. 9), obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, utilize large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device can carry out the experimental study of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, obtain pressure-bearing rock fracture expansion under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, through until ess-strain Evolution, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule in Failure Instability, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure are to the affecting laws of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
The above, be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any change of expecting without creative work or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain that protection scope of the present invention should limit with claims is as the criterion.
Claims (6)
1. a pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device, it is characterized in that, its by confined pressure load-on module, sample deposits and water outlet module, piestic water load-on module and signal acquiring and processing system form, confined pressure load-on module parcel sample deposits and water outlet module loads confined pressure to it, piestic water load-on module is positioned at sample and deposits and bottom water outlet module, carry out the loading and unloading of piestic water, signal acquiring and processing system carries out signal processing and analysis in whole experimentation;
Wherein, confined pressure load-on module is located pressure metal plate by confined pressure cylinder, rubber tube, end cap, end cap seal ring, lower sealing ring, limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, grease proofing adhesive tape, upper sealing ring, sealing, is pressed metal plate gib screw, high-pressure oil pipe, high pressure oil meter, confined pressure stable-pressure device, fuel feeding valve, high-pressure oil pump, fuel tank, oil extraction pressure-release valve, the first T-valve, confined pressure chamber vent valve to form; Described rubber tube and described confined pressure cylinder looping confined pressure chamber, utilize lower sealing ring, limited location snap ring, limited location snap ring screw, grease proofing adhesive tape, upper sealing ring, sealing location pressure metal plate, pressure metal plate gib screw to carry out sealing and anti-oil processing to annular confined pressure chamber; Described end cap and confined pressure cylinder match, and utilize end cap, end cap seal ring, socket head cap screw to seal confined pressure cylinder; Described high-pressure oil pipe one end is communicated with inside, described annular confined pressure chamber, pipeline sets gradually high pressure oil meter, confined pressure stable-pressure device, fuel feeding valve, high-pressure oil pump, fuel tank; Between described confined pressure stable-pressure device and described fuel feeding valve, connect described oil extraction pressure-release valve by the first T-valve, and connect with described fuel tank, discharge annular confined pressure chamber inner high voltage oil body to unload confined pressure by oil extraction pressure-release valve; Described confined pressure chamber vent valve is connected with inside, described annular confined pressure chamber, in confined pressure loading procedure, discharges survival gas in annular confined pressure chamber by confined pressure chamber vent valve;
Sample is deposited and water outlet module is made up of sample storage chamber, pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, backup rolls, pressure head, O-ring seal, rising pipe, flow sensor, hopper; Be placed in sample storage chamber by the large scale rock sample processed, the bottom of sample storage chamber is provided with that pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed, the top of sample storage chamber is pressure head; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed and is placed on the boss shoulder in confined pressure cylinder bottom portion, and its size and boss shoulder, rising height match; Described pressure head and described backup rolls are an entirety, backup rolls gos deep in sample storage chamber through end cap, and push down rock sample top by pressure head, rock pressure testing machine adds unloading by backup rolls transmitted load to rock sample, and the radial play between pressure head and sample storage chamber utilizes O-ring seal to carry out encapsulation process;
Piestic water load-on module is made up of piestic water holding tank, high-pressure water pipe, High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank, the second T-valve, draining pressure-release valve, piestic water holding tank vent valve; Piestic water in described piestic water holding tank is acted on bottom the rock sample in sample storage chamber by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, applies certain pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure to it; Described high-pressure water pipe one end is connected with described piestic water holding tank inside, pipeline is disposed with High-pressure watermeter, pressure-bearing stable-pressure device, water injection valve, plunger metering-type high-pressure hydraulic pump, water tank; Between described pressure-bearing stable-pressure device and described water injection valve, connect described draining pressure-release valve by the second T-valve, and be connected with described water tank, discharge piestic water holding tank inner high voltage water body to unload piestic water by draining pressure-release valve; Described piestic water holding tank vent valve is connected with described piestic water holding tank inside, in piestic water loading procedure, discharges survival gas in piestic water holding tank by piestic water holding tank vent valve;
Signal acquiring and processing system is loaded by rock pressure and forms with control system, strain acquirement and disposal system, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system four part, rock pressure loads and control system comprises YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine, loads and the PC controlled with PowerTestV3.3, strain acquirement and disposal system comprise resistance strain gage, the first elastic rubber ring, data transmission wires, LB-IV type multi-channel digital strainmeter, PC with stress-strain data Acquire and process, resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system comprises the PC of withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer, probe resistance to compression protective cover, the second elastic rubber ring, signal transmission wire, DS5-16B type perfect information Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signal instrument, acoustic emission signal Acquire and process, acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system comprises copper plate electrode, electrode resistance to compression protective cover, 3rd elastic rubber ring, copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire, WBD type electrical method of network concurrency instrument, the PC of surfer or illustrator software aided drawing, copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability.
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described test unit, except high-pressure oil pipe, high-pressure water pipe, rising pipe, O-ring seal, process by No. 45 steel castings with certain Rigidity and strength, and its inner and outer surface layers is all coated with certain thickness teflon insulation layer.
3. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel is combed as circular plate type, and its center is provided with central through hole, and periphery is provided with that diameter centered by central through hole is identical, multi-ring annular distribution through hole; Described pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb upper surface is provided with multi-ring annular groove, and itself and annular spread through hole are interconnected, and described ring-shaped groove width is identical with through-hole diameter.
4. device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure head is cylindrical, is provided with apopore in the middle part of described pressure head and backup rolls, and apopore is connected with flow sensor, hopper successively by rising pipe; Described pressure head lower surface is provided with the cross and ring-shaped water guide groove centered by apopore, and is crossly interconnected with ring-shaped water guide groove.
5. utilize a kind of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and the permeability characteristic test method of the arbitrary device of claim 1-4, utilize pressure-bearing rock permeability test unit, by ess-strain signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, the Acquire and process system of acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal, obtain the stress-strain relation in large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, the rock change in apparent resistivity rule rising and cause is led in position and piestic water infiltration, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the concrete operation step of described method is as follows:
Prepared by step one, rock sample: the seat earth rock stratum above Deep Confined water-bearing zone, colliery drills through complete different lithology core, is processed in laboratory
the large scale rock sample of different lithology;
Step 2, fixed resistance foil gauge: in the side arrangement of rock sample, fixed resistance foil gauge, in axis and each one of the radial direction of rock sample, resistance strain gage and the contact position of rock sample smear that Instant cement ensures to contact good, and utilize the first elastic rubber ring fixed resistance foil gauge, slide to prevent resistance strain gage in test loading procedure, described resistance strain gage utilizes data transmission wires to be connected with the resistance strain gage wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to strain data Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, gather strain variation data, thus obtain ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability,
Step 3, fixed sound launch and accept are popped one's head in: at the withstand voltage acoustic emission receiving transducer of the side arrangement of rock sample, at the contact position daubing coupling agent of acoustic emission receiving transducer and rock sample, ensure the good of contact, probe resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on acoustic emission receiving transducer, and utilize the second elastic rubber ring to fix resistance to compression protective cover, with the impact avoiding acoustic emission probe to be subject to rock sample high confining pressure, prevent transmitting probe in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer can be realized; Acoustic emission receiving transducer utilizes signal transmission wire to be connected with the acoustic emission probe wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to acoustic emission signal Acquire and process system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain acoustie emission event quantity, position in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine the Evolution of pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability;
Step 4, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode: get out some in rock sample side by hand-held drill, the aperture of one determining deviation and the degree of depth, bury underground, fixed network parallel circuit copper plate electrode, utilize conducting resinl sealed aperture with ensure copper plate electrode and rock sample coupling contact good, electrode resistance to compression protective cover is utilized to cover on copper plate electrode, and utilize the 3rd elastic rubber ring fixed blade guard, with the rubber tube avoiding copper plate electrode to damage confined pressure chamber, prevent copper plate electrode in test loading procedure from sliding simultaneously, and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of network parallel circuit copper plate electrode can be realized, network parallel circuit copper plate electrode utilizes copper enamel-cover signal transmission wire to be connected with the copper plate electrode wire converting interface of test unit upper side, and be connected to apparent resistivity signal acquiring and processing system by corresponding wire converting interface, thus obtain apparent resistivity signal in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, determine permeable sandstone rule in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability,
Step 5, applying rock sample confined pressure and pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure: rock sample is placed in sample storage chamber, rock pressure testing machine is utilized to push down rock sample top by the pressure head on backup rolls, radial play between pressure head and sample storage chamber utilizes O-ring seal to seal, and confined pressure cylinder utilizes end cap to seal; Utilize confined pressure load-on module to apply certain side direction confined pressure to rock sample, and utilize piestic water load-on module bottom rock sample, to apply certain voltage stabilizing piestic water by pressure-bearing porous permeable steel comb, and the side direction confined pressure applied is greater than the pressure-bearing hydraulic pressure of bottom;
Step 6, rock sample load and signals collecting: start strain acquisition system, acoustic emission signal acquisition system, apparent resistivity signal acquiring system, the pressure-loaded and the control system that start YAW type electronic-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine load rock sample, and ess-strain in Simultaneous Monitoring, collection pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustic emission and apparent resistivity signal, until rock sample destroys unstability;
Step 7, the aftertreatment of collection signal: utilize ess-strain disposal system, Acoustic emission signal processing system, apparent resistivity signal processing system is to the ess-strain signal of Simultaneous Monitoring in loading procedure and collection, acoustic emission signal and apparent resistivity signal carry out identifying and process, obtain the ess-strain Evolution in pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule, obtain water-force coupling action crack propagation in lower rock failure mechanism of rock process, through dynamic evolution rule with unstability and the dynamic Penetration Signature corresponded thereof,
Step 8, repeat above-mentioned test procedure, large scale pressure-bearing rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic permeability characteristic test device is utilized to carry out the experimental study of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, obtain pressure-bearing rock fracture expansion under different confined pressure, different hydraulic pressure effect, through until ess-strain Evolution, acoustie emission event quantity, rupture location and change in apparent resistivity rule in Failure Instability, comparative analysis confined pressure, hydraulic pressure are to the affecting laws of rock failure mechanism of rock Instability and dynamic Penetration Signature.
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