CN103954690A - Method and device for synchronously measuring rock sound wave and acoustic emission - Google Patents
Method and device for synchronously measuring rock sound wave and acoustic emission Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for synchronously measuring rock sound wave and acoustic emission. The method comprises the following steps: A, putting sealing pressing ends for transmitting and receiving a sound wave signal at two ends of a rock sample, and keeping a longitudinal wave probe and a transverse wave probe inside the sealing pressing ends identical in the vertical direction; B, arranging and fixing an acoustic emission receiving probe outside the rock test sample; C, starting a sound wave and acoustic emission testing system, and starting a rock pressure machine for a loading experiment till the rock sample is damaged; D, performing aftertreatment on acquired data to obtain the number and the position and the ultrasonic speed change information of acoustic emission events of the rock; and E, respectively connecting a sound wave testing device and an acoustic emission testing device with experiment pressure machine base adapters, and connecting with a data acquisition and processing system through corresponding adapters. The method is feasible and simple and convenient to operate, synchronous acquisition of sound wave and acoustic emission information in rock mechanics tests is achieved, and positioning of a rock acoustic emission position is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics shop experiment field, more specifically relate to the ultrasonic velocity of integrated dynamic monitoring rock in a kind of Experiments of Machanics, the measuring method that acoustic emission changes, also relate to the ultrasonic velocity of integrated dynamic monitoring rock in a kind of Experiments of Machanics, the device of acoustic emission measure of the change, it is applicable to the Simultaneous Monitoring to acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission state in the experiment of rock mechanics uniaxial compression, triaxial compression test process simultaneously.
Background technology
Engineering safety is the significant problem that is related to people's life, property safety, the Instability of Rock Bodies such as mine, tunnel and hydraulic engineering all can cause the broken ring of great casualties, economic loss and environment, therefore the broken ring of the damage mechanism of understanding rock, the degree of injury of differentiating rock mass has important practical significance to alleviating rock engineering disaster.Many methods can be for the damage check of rock, as methods such as resistivity, electromagnetism, X ray, CT, wherein the active method based on elastic wave (ultrasound wave) and passive method (acoustic emission) have advantages of easy, be easy to promote.Ultrasonic method is by initiatively launching elastic wave, makes it pass rock and propagates, and utilizes velocity of wave and the damage of attenuation degree test material thereof through rock medium, then evaluates damage according to the rule-of-thumb relation of ultrasonic velocity and elastic modulus and intensity.Acoustic emission is to be accompanied by the generation of material internal microfissure and the elastic wave that excites, and it is directly dynamically relevant with rock interior micro rupture.Up to now, elastic wave is one of effective tool of research earth rock mass inherent laws.
Velocity of wave, the acoustic emission rule of measuring exactly rock is to disclose the important means of rock mass damage mechanism, and Instability of Rock Body early warning and control are had to important effect.As far back as the eighties in 20th century, Chinese scholars has just started acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission rule to launch research, but is subject to the restriction of test unit, and the wave velocity test of rock and Experimental on acoustic emission all separately carry out.This has caused economy and waste of time on the one hand, has isolated on the other hand the velocity of wave in rock failure process, the research of acoustic emission rule, and therefore, the device of developing a set of Simultaneous Monitoring acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission rule is significant.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned existing technological deficiency, the object of the invention is to be to provide a kind of method of acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, the method is easily gone, easy and simple to handle, can realize the synchronous acquisition of sound wave, acoustic emission information in rock mechanics experiment process, and realize the screening of two class Wave datas, and then can obtain respectively the specifying information of the Change and Development rule harmony emission state of Rock Velocity, and obtain the location of Acoustic Emission of Rock position.
Another object of the present invention is the experimental provision that has been to provide a kind of acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, this apparatus structure is simple, lightly nimble, oil resistant heat resisting and pressure resisting, it can monitor Rock Under Uniaxial Compression load test, rock three-axis force is learned test, creep of rock mechanical test, velocity of wave and acoustic emission information in the test such as High temperature rocks load test.
In order to realize above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A method for acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, the steps include:
Step 1, places sound wave pressure head at the two ends of rock specimens, and the first cavity sealing pressure head is used for launching the pulse of high pressure acoustic signals, and the second cavity sealing pressure head is used for receiving signal pulse; The wire of two pressure heads produces in mouthful vertical direction consistent, guaranteed that like this shear wave probe of signal transmitting terminal and the shear wave probe of signal receiving end are longitudinally relative, the longitudinal wave probe of signal transmitting terminal is longitudinally relative with the longitudinal wave probe of signal receiving end, the first cavity sealing pressure head is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with PC mesohigh signal transmission cards port; The second cavity sealing pressure head is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with acoustic signals receiving card port in PC;
Step 2, the position of fixed sound transmitting receiving transducer.Disposed outside acoustic emission receiving transducer at rock sample, utilize the position of banding spring fixed sound transmitting probe, realize the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer, at acoustic emission receiving transducer, guarantee to contact good with the contact position daubing coupling agent (VC101) of rock specimens.
Step 3, start high-voltage signal transmission cards and control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), set transmitting quantity, the time interval, the excitation cycle of high-voltage pulse signal, start sound wave and acoustic emission signal and receive control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), start rock pressure machine rock sample is carried out to pressure-loaded, in loading procedure, sound wave and the acoustic emission signal of Real-time Collection storage rock, until rock sample destroys.
Step 4, the aftertreatment to collection signal.By sound wave and acoustic emission signal, receive control software (U.S. physical acoustics company) gathered sound wave, acoustic emission signal are sieved to identification, by the interpretation of Wave data being obtained to rock transverse wave speed in loading procedure, longitudinal wave velocity change information; Filter acoustic signals and acoustic emission is received to the interference of signal, can obtain the information such as acoustic emission quantity, position of rock.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to utilize sonic test device, acoustic emission test device to realize the integrated dynamic monitoring of acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission.In above-mentioned step 3, concrete operation steps is as follows:
Step 3.1, in process of the test, start high-voltage signal transmission cards and control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), set the high-voltage signal quantity of every group of transmitting, time interval Δ T1, upper one group of last signal of excitation cycle T(and next are organized the interval of events of first signal); Then start rock pressure machine (XTR01-01) and sound wave and acoustic emission signal and receive control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), gather, store sound wave and acoustic emission signal in whole process of the test.
Step 3.2, first high pressure sound wave pulse signal time t1 of tracer signal transmitting terminal pressure head transmitting, now, the sonic probe of signal transmitting terminal (MICRO-80) (longitudinal wave probe) will be launched high pressure ultrasound wave, after elapsed time Δ T2, in signal receiving end pressure head, the sonic probe (MICRO-80) (longitudinal wave probe) of correspondence will first receive ultrasonic signal with it, utilizes two distances between probe divided by Δ T2, just can obtain the longitudinal wave velocity V1 of rock sample.
Step 3.3, after first excites probe (longitudinal wave probe) to transmit, through the Δ T1 time, second probe (shear wave probe) in signal transmitting terminal pressure head launched ultrasonic signal automatically, after the Δ T3 time, corresponding receiving transducer (shear wave probe) is received signal with it, records time Δ T3, utilize distance and the travel-time of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V2 of rock sample.
Step 3.4, second excite probe (shear wave probe) to transmit after, through the Δ T1 time, the 3rd probe (shear wave probe) in signal transmitting terminal launched ultrasonic signal automatically, after elapsed time Δ T4, corresponding receiving transducer (shear wave probe) is received signal with it.Record time Δ T4, utilize distance and the travel-time of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V3 of rock sample.
Step 3.5, with signal excitation cycle T repeating step 3.2～3.4, until off-test, sonic probe and acoustic emission probe will collect the corresponding data message of whole process of the test.Process different stress sonic data information constantly, obtain longitudinal wave velocity variation characteristic, the transverse wave speed variation characteristic of the rock sample in loading procedure.
Step 3.6, filters the impact of acoustic signals on acoustic emission information, processes the acoustic emission number change and the acoustic emission point location figure that obtain rock.
In whole loading procedure, acoustic signals excites with time excitation cycle T interval, and acoustic emission receiving transducer is at Real-time Collection signal, and this will think the signal of sonic probe transmitting by mistake the acoustic emission signal of rock.In order to eliminate the interference of acoustic signals to acoustic emission result, need to process the acoustic emission signal collecting, filter out the impact of acoustic signals (step 3.2～3.4), the operation of step 3.6 is specific as follows.
(1) determine the time of origin of acoustic signals.The initial time of first group of acoustic signals is t1, three acoustic signals of every group of transmitting, be Δ T1 the interval time between each signal, launching one group of acoustic signals time used is 2 Δ T1, the time of origin interval of first group of acoustic signals is (t1, t1+2 Δ T1).The transmitting cycle of every group of acoustic signals is T, the time of origin of second group of acoustic signals is (t1+2 Δ T1+T, t1+4 Δ T1+T), the time of origin of the 3rd group of acoustic signals is (t1+4 Δ T1+2T, t1+6 Δ T1+2T),, the time of origin of n group acoustic signals is (t1+2 (n-1) Δ T1+ (n-1) T, t1+2n Δ T1+ (n-1) T).
(2) filter the impact of acoustic signals on acoustic emission signal.Application sound wave and acoustic emission signal receive the data file filter function of controlling software (U.S. physical acoustics company), in the data that gather at all acoustic emission passages, filter out time interval at (t1+2 (n-1) Δ T1+ (n-1) T, t1+2n Δ T1+ (n-1) T) data message, the data message obtaining is like this all from the acoustic emission of rock.
The present invention has filled up the blank of sound wave, acoustic emission test device in rock mechanics experiment, has important value.
An experimental provision for acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, it is comprised of synchronous acquisition and disposal system (PC) three parts of sonic test device, acoustic emission test device, data; Sonic test device harmony transmission test set respectively with test pressure machine base (common rocks mechanical test machine triaxial chamber base, not belonging to the content in the present invention) converting interface is connected, and the converting interface by test pressure machine base is connected to data acquisition and processing (DAP) system.The first cavity sealing pressure head in sonic test device is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, the port outside of respective channel is connected with the high-voltage signal transmission cards port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, the second cavity sealing pressure head is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with the acoustic signals receiving card port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system.High-voltage signal transmission cards in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card are built in computer housing, and realize computer control.
First is sonic test device, it comprises the first cavity sealing pressure head, the second cavity sealing pressure head of two built-in sonic probes, connect the pressure head of sound pulse transmission passage as the first cavity sealing pressure head, connect the pressure head of Acoustic Signal Acquisition passage as the second cavity sealing pressure head, the first cavity sealing pressure head contains the first longitudinal wave probe, the first shear wave probe, the 3rd shear wave probe, the second cavity sealing pressure head contains the second longitudinal wave probe, the second shear wave probe, quadrupole shear wave probe.Except probe, sonic test device also comprises ram cavity, pressure head upper cover, and compress gasket and compression pin, wire produce mouth, plug, seal pin, O-ring seal and wire.It is characterized in that: ram cavity indoor design three probe grooves, arrange respectively the first longitudinal wave probe, the first shear wave probe, the 3rd shear wave probe or the second longitudinal wave probe, the second shear wave probe, quadrupole shear wave probe, the caudal directions of two shear wave probes in the first cavity sealing pressure head, the second cavity sealing pressure head is arranged vertically, for guaranteeing probe and ram cavity good contact, at the first longitudinal wave probe, the first shear wave probe, the 3rd shear wave probe or the second longitudinal wave probe, the second shear wave probe, quadrupole shear wave probe front end daubing coupling agent.The effect of compress gasket is the position of firm the first longitudinal wave probe, the first shear wave probe, the 3rd shear wave probe or the second longitudinal wave probe, the second shear wave probe, quadrupole shear wave probe, with wire, by respectively the first longitudinal wave probe, the first shear wave probe, the 3rd shear wave probe or the second longitudinal wave probe, the second shear wave probe, quadrupole shear wave probe and wire in ram cavity being produced to a mouthful inner side, be connected, compression pin is used for tightening up compress gasket and ram cavity; Sealing groove is left in the edge of pressure head upper cover, at groove location arrangements O-ring seal, by seal pin, pressure head upper cover and ram cavity is being sealed.Wire attachment plug and wire produce a mouthful outside, and plug inserts pressure test machine base.The plug of the first cavity sealing pressure head inserts high-voltage signal transmission channel port, by triaxial chamber base interface, is connected with high pressure ultrasound wave transmission cards port; The plug of the second cavity sealing pressure head inserts acoustic signals receiving cable port, by triaxial chamber base interface, is connected with acoustic emission receiving card port with sound wave.In process of the test, the sealing pressure head in the vertical direction that place at rock sample two ends guarantees consistent, longitudinal wave probe in the first cavity sealing pressure head and the longitudinal wave probe in the second cavity sealing pressure head are longitudinally consistent, and the shear wave probe in the first cavity sealing pressure head and the shear wave probe in the second cavity sealing pressure head are longitudinally consistent.For guaranteeing rock sample and sound wave pressure head good contact, at rock two ends daubing coupling agent, the rigidity of pressure head will guarantee rock mechanics experiment requirement, will demonstrate,prove airtight quality to protect built-in probe to avoid the oil pressure pressure of triaxial cell simultaneously.
Second portion is acoustic emission test device (AES), and it is comprised of acoustic emission probe, probe containment vessel, sealing bottom, O-ring seal, seal pin, wire converting interface, banding spring, wire, plug.Acoustic emission probe is built-in, be fixed in probe seal protection shell; in containment vessel, daubing coupling agent contacts well probe with containment vessel; its effect of containment vessel is to prevent that acoustic emission probe from bearing the pressure of hydraulic oil and damaging; the wire converting interface (inside) that connects probe and protective sleeve one end with wire; pin is fixed to converting interface and probe containment vessel, make containment vessel in sealing state.In process of the test, the containment vessel of built-in acoustic emission probe is close to the side of rock sample, and is fixed with lock ring spring.With wire, connect wire converting interface (outside) and test chassis, arbor chamber, the chassis interface of triaxial cell is connected with capture card terminal.
Third part is synchronous acquisition and the disposal system of data, comprises high-voltage signal transmission cards, sound wave, acoustic emission signal receiving card and data acquisition and the poster processing soft, PC.High-voltage signal transmission cards, sound wave, acoustic emission receiving card are built in main frame, and realize computer control.High-voltage signal transmission cards are by the first cavity sealing pressure head in tester base channel connection sonic test device, and its effect is to excite probe transmitting ultrasonic pulse, and the signal of this high pressure can be alleviated the energy attenuation in rock communication process.Sound wave, acoustic emission signal receiving card are connected respectively at the second cavity sealing pressure head harmony transmitting acquisition probe by tester base passage, realize Real-time Collection and the storage of sound wave, acoustic emission signal.The poster processing soft can be realized filtration, the screening identification of different classes of signal and process, and analytical calculation draws the three-dimensional localization of rock compressional wave in loading procedure, transverse wave speed variation tendency and Fracture And Damage of Rock Induced position.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
The method is easily gone, easy and simple to handle, can realize the synchronous acquisition of sound wave, acoustic emission information in rock mechanics experiment process, and realize the screening of two class Wave datas, and then can obtain respectively velocity of wave Changing Pattern and the acoustic emission information of rock in process of the test, and obtain the location of Acoustic Emission of Rock position.This device can be tested rock ultrasonic velocity and the acoustic emission activity in rock mechanics experiment simultaneously, the sound wave pressure head of developing and acoustic emission probe heatproof, withstand voltage, be not only applicable to uniaxial compression deformation test, and can be applied in rock three axle compression deformation tests and creep test; The sound wave collecting and acoustic emission signal can be sieved, be identified, by post-processed, draw sound wave, acoustic emission Changing Pattern, respond well, Fig. 6 is the velocity of wave Changing Pattern of certain rock in uniaxial loading process of the test, Fig. 7 is acoustie emission event number change histogram, the position location map that Fig. 8 is acoustie emission event.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of sound wave harmony transmission test set schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of sonic test device schematic internal view.
Fig. 3 is a kind of sonic test device cavity vertical view.
Fig. 4 is a kind of sonic test device sectional view.
Fig. 5 is a kind of acoustic emission test device sectional view.
Fig. 6 is the velocity of wave Changing Pattern of certain rock.
Fig. 7 is that certain Acoustic Emission of Rock event number changes histogram.
Fig. 8 is the position location map of certain Acoustic Emission of Rock event.
Name corresponding to number in the figure is called:
UWS-sonic test device; UW-1-the first cavity sealing pressure head, UW-2-the second cavity sealing pressure head; 1-1a-the first longitudinal wave probe (MICRO-80); 1-1b-the second longitudinal wave probe (MICRO-80); 1-2a-the first shear wave probe (SWC37-0.5); 1-2b-the second shear wave probe (SWC37-0.5); 1-3a-the 3rd shear wave probe (SWC37-0.5); 1-3b-quadrupole shear wave probe (SWC37-0.5); 1-4-ram cavity; 1-5-pressure head upper cover; 1-6-compress gasket; 1-7-compresses pin; 1-8-wire produces mouth; 1-9-plug, 1-10-seal pin, 1-11-O-ring seal; 1-12-wire; AES-acoustic emission test device; 2-1-acoustic emission probe (NANO-30); The 2-2-containment vessel of popping one's head in; 2-3-seals bottom; 2-4-O-ring seal; 2-5-seal pin; 2-6 wire converting interface; 2-7-banding spring; 2-8-wire; 2-9-plug; X1, X2-sample and pressure head surface of contact.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A method for acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, its step is
Step 1, after the daubing coupling agent of the two ends of rock specimens, place the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 and the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2, wherein the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 is as signal transmitting terminal, be used for launching high pressure sound wave pulse signal, longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, shear wave probe 1-2a, shear wave probe 1-3a are contained in its inside; The second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 is used for receiving high-voltage signal pulse, and longitudinal wave probe 1-1b, shear wave probe 1-2b, shear wave probe 1-3b are contained in its inside; The wire of two pressure heads produces in mouthful vertical direction consistent, guaranteed that like this shear wave probe of signal transmitting terminal and the shear wave probe of signal receiving end are longitudinally relative, the longitudinal wave probe of signal transmitting terminal is longitudinally relative with the longitudinal wave probe of signal receiving end, the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with PC mesohigh signal transmission cards port; The second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with acoustic signals receiving card port in PC;
Step 2, the position of fixed sound transmitting receiving transducer.At the end of acoustic emission receiving transducer daubing coupling agent, and be fixed at design attitude, with banding spring banding.In order to realize the three-dimensional localization of Acoustic Emission of Rock position, acoustic emission probe can not be arranged in same plane, present three-dimensional spatial distribution shape, and acoustic emission receiving transducer is connected to tester base.
Step 3, opens high-voltage pulse signal and excites software, and the parameter such as transmitting quantity, the time interval, transmitting cycle of pulse signal is set; Start sound wave acoustic emission receiving card simultaneously and control software, start rock pressure machine rock sample is loaded, start high-voltage pulse signal and excite software to start to launch high-voltage pulse; The acoustic emission signal of Real-Time Monitoring rock; With logical velocity of longitudinal wave and the shear wave velocity of testing respectively, continuously rock sample of time excitation cycle T, until rock sample destroys.
Step 4, processes the data of gather storage.Application gathers with process software carries out post-processed to gathered data, the firing time of interpretation acoustic signals and time of reception, calculate ultrasound wave in the travel-time of rock specimens, by the length of rock sample divided by the travel-time, obtain the ultrasonic velocity of rock under different stress, arrange the variation relation curve that obtains rock transverse wave speed, longitudinal wave velocity; Filter the undesired signal of sound wave to acoustic emission, determine the relation curve of acoustic emission position, quantity and the stress of rock.
In above-mentioned step 3, concrete operation steps is as follows:
Step 3.1, in process of the test, start high-voltage signal transmission cards and control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), set the high-voltage signal quantity of every group of transmitting, time interval Δ T1, upper one group of last signal of excitation cycle T(and next are organized the interval of events of first signal); Then start rock pressure machine (XTR01-01) and sound wave and acoustic emission signal and receive control software (U.S. physical acoustics company), gather, store sound wave and acoustic emission signal in whole process of the test.
Step 3.2, first high pressure sound wave pulse signal time t1 of tracer signal transmitting terminal pressure head transmitting, now, the sonic probe of signal transmitting terminal (MICRO-80) 1-1a(longitudinal wave probe) will launch high pressure ultrasound wave, after elapsed time Δ T2, corresponding sonic probe (MICRO-80) 1-1b(longitudinal wave probe with it in signal receiving end pressure head) will first receive ultrasonic signal, utilize two distances between probe divided by Δ T2, just can obtain the longitudinal wave velocity V1 of rock sample.
Step 3.3, first excites probe 1-1a(longitudinal wave probe) transmit after, through the Δ T1 time, second probe 1-2a(shear wave probe in signal transmitting terminal pressure head) automatically launch ultrasonic signal, after the Δ T3 time, corresponding receiving transducer 1-2b(shear wave probe with it) receive signal, record time Δ T3, utilize distance and the travel-time of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V2 of rock sample.
Step 3.4, second excites probe 1-2a(shear wave probe) transmit after, through the Δ T1 time, the 3rd probe 1-3a(shear wave probe in signal transmitting terminal) automatically launch ultrasonic signal, after elapsed time Δ T4, corresponding receiving transducer 1-3b(shear wave probe with it) receive signal.Record time Δ T4, utilize distance and the travel-time of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V3 of rock sample.
Step 3.5, with signal excitation cycle T repeating step 3.2～3.4, until off-test, sonic probe and acoustic emission probe will collect the corresponding data message of whole process of the test.Process different stress sonic data information constantly, obtain longitudinal wave velocity variation characteristic, the transverse wave speed variation characteristic of the rock sample in loading procedure.
Step 3.6, filters the impact of acoustic signals on acoustic emission information, processes the acoustic emission number change and the acoustic emission point location figure that obtain rock.
In whole loading procedure, acoustic signals excites with time excitation cycle T interval, and acoustic emission receiving transducer is at Real-time Collection signal, and this will think the signal of sonic probe transmitting by mistake the acoustic emission signal of rock.In order to eliminate the interference of acoustic signals to acoustic emission result, need to process the acoustic emission signal collecting, filter out the impact of acoustic signals (step 3.2～3.4), the operation of step 3.6 is specific as follows.
(1) determine the time of origin of acoustic signals.The initial time of first group of acoustic signals is t1, three acoustic signals of every group of transmitting, be Δ T1 the interval time between each signal, launching one group of acoustic signals time used is 2 Δ T1, the time of origin interval of first group of acoustic signals is (t1, t1+2 Δ T1).The transmitting cycle of every group of acoustic signals is T, the time of origin of second group of acoustic signals is (t1+2 Δ T1+T, t1+4 Δ T1+T), the time of origin of the 3rd group of acoustic signals is (t1+4 Δ T1+2T, t1+6 Δ T1+2T),, the time of origin of n group acoustic signals is (t1+2 (n-1) Δ T1+ (n-1) T, t1+2n Δ T1+ (n-1) T).
(2) filter the impact of acoustic signals on acoustic emission signal.Application sound wave and acoustic emission signal receive the data file filter function of controlling software (U.S. physical acoustics company), in the data that gather at all acoustic emission passages, filter out time interval at (t1+2 (n-1) Δ T1+ (n-1) T, t1+2n Δ T1+ (n-1) T) data message, the data message obtaining is like this all from the acoustic emission of rock.
Embodiment 2:
An experimental provision for acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, it is comprised of synchronous acquisition and disposal system CPS machine three parts of sonic test device UWS, acoustic emission test device AES, data; Sonic test device harmony transmission test set respectively with test pressure machine base (common rocks mechanical test machine triaxial chamber base, not belonging to the content in the present invention) converting interface is connected, and the converting interface by test pressure machine base is connected to data acquisition and processing (DAP) system.The first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 in sonic test device is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, the port outside of respective channel is connected with the high-voltage signal transmission cards 3-2 port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with the acoustic signals receiving card 3-3 port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system.High-voltage signal transmission cards 3-2 in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card 3-3 are built in computer housing, and realize computer control.
First is sonic test device UWS, it comprises the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1, the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) of two built-in sonic probes, the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 connects sound pulse transmission passage, be used for launching high-voltage signal pulse, the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 connects Acoustic Signal Acquisition passage, is used for receiving high-voltage signal pulse.The first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 contains the first longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, the first shear wave probe 1-2a, the 3rd shear wave probe 1-3a, and the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 contains the second longitudinal wave probe 1b, the second shear wave probe 2b, quadrupole shear wave probe 3b.Except probe, sonic test device also comprises ram cavity 1-4, pressure head upper cover 1-5, and compress gasket 1-6 and compression pin 1-7, wire produce a mouthful 1-8, plug 1-9, seal pin 1-10, O-ring seal 1-11 and wire 1-12.It is characterized in that: ram cavity 1-4 indoor design three probe grooves, arrange respectively the first longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, the first shear wave probe 1-2a, the 3rd shear wave probe 1-3a or the second longitudinal wave probe 1-1b, the second shear wave probe 1-2b, quadrupole shear wave probe 1-3b, the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1, the caudal directions of two shear wave probes in the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 is arranged vertically, for guaranteeing probe and ram cavity good contact, at the first longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, the first shear wave probe 1-2a, the 3rd shear wave probe 1-3a or the second longitudinal wave probe 1-1b, the second shear wave probe 1-2b, quadrupole shear wave probe 1-3b, front end daubing coupling agent.The effect of compress gasket 1-6 is the position of firm the first longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, the first shear wave probe 1-2a, the 3rd shear wave probe 1-3a or the second longitudinal wave probe 1-1b, the second shear wave probe 1-2b, quadrupole shear wave probe 1-3b, with wire 1-12, by respectively the first longitudinal wave probe 1-1a, the first shear wave probe 1-2a, the 3rd shear wave probe 1-3a or the second longitudinal wave probe 1-1b, the second shear wave probe 1-2b, quadrupole shear wave probe 1-3b being produced to a mouthful 1-8 inner side with wire on ram cavity 1-4, be connected, compression pin 1-7 is used for tightening up compress gasket 1-6 and ram cavity 1-4; Sealing groove is left in the edge of pressure head upper cover 1-5, at groove location arrangements O-ring seal 1-11, with seal pin 1-10, pressure head upper cover 1-5 and ram cavity 1-4 is being sealed.Wire 1-12 attachment plug 1-9 and wire produce a mouthful 1-8 outside, and plug 1-9 inserts pressure test machine base.The plug of the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 inserts high-voltage signal transmission channel port, by triaxial chamber base interface, is connected with high pressure ultrasound wave transmission cards 3-2 port; The plug of the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 inserts acoustic signals receiving cable port, by triaxial chamber base interface, is connected with acoustic emission receiving card 3-3 port with sound wave.In process of the test, the sealing pressure head in the vertical direction that place at rock sample two ends guarantees consistent, longitudinal wave probe in the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 and the longitudinal wave probe in the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 are longitudinally consistent, and the shear wave probe in the first cavity sealing pressure head UW-1 and the shear wave probe in the second cavity sealing pressure head UW-2 are longitudinally consistent.For guaranteeing rock sample and sound wave pressure head good contact, at rock two ends daubing coupling agent, the rigidity of pressure head will guarantee rock mechanics experiment requirement, will demonstrate,prove airtight quality to protect built-in probe to avoid the oil pressure pressure of triaxial cell simultaneously.
Second portion is acoustic emission test device AES, and it is comprised of acoustic emission probe 2-1, probe containment vessel 2-2, sealing bottom 2-3, O-ring seal 2-4, seal pin 2-5, wire converting interface 2-6, banding spring 2-7, wire 2-8, plug 2-9.Acoustic emission probe 2-1 is built among the probe containment vessel 2-2 of certain rigidity, for guaranteeing that acoustic emission probe 2-1 contacts well with probe containment vessel 2-2, at acoustic emission probe 2-1 end and the inner daubing coupling agent of probe containment vessel 2-2, inner with wire 2-8 connecting acoustic emission probe 2-1 and wire converting interface 2-6 respectively; Wire converting interface 2-6 is connected with sealing bottom 2-3, and sealing; O-ring seal 2-4 is placed among probe containment vessel 2-2 and sealing bottom 2-3; utilize seal pin 2-5 will pop one's head in containment vessel 2-2 and sealing bottom 2-3 sealing; acoustic emission probe 2-1 is protected among the protective of a sealing like this, and its effect is to prevent that acoustic emission probe from bearing the pressure of hydraulic oil and damaging.Wire 2-8 connects wire converting interface 2-6 outer end and plug 2-9, and plug 2-9 is inserted to tester base, is connected to acoustic emission signal receiving cable.The effect of banding spring 2-7 is that the position of probe containment vessel 2-2 is fixed, and the so just position of fixed sound transmitting probe 2-1 exactly, to realize the movable accurately monitoring of Acoustic Emission of Rock and to locate.
Third part is synchronous acquisition and the disposal system CPS of data, and it comprises that PC 3-1, high-voltage signal transmission cards ARB-1410 3-2, sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card PCI-2 3-3, high-voltage signal transmission cards control software Wavegen 1410 E1.41 3-4, sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card control software AEwinRockTest for PCI2 E2.20 3-5, wire 3-6 form.High-voltage signal transmission cards ARB-1410 3-2 and sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card PCI-2 3-3 are built in PC 3-1 main frame, and be connected with tester base by wire 3-6, the acoustic emission passage of high-voltage signal transmission cards ARB-1410 3-2 connection test machine base wherein, sound wave receiving cable and the acoustic emission signal receiving cable of sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card PCI-2 3-3 connection test machine base.The effect of high-voltage signal transmission cards ARB-1410 3-2 is the ultrasonic signal of excite sound waves probe transmitting high pressure, and the signal of this high pressure can be alleviated the energy attenuation in rock communication process.High-voltage signal transmission cards are controlled software Wavegen 1410 E1.41 3-4 and sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card control software AEwinRockTest for PCI2 E2.20 3-5 and are arranged in PC 3-1, and high-voltage signal transmission cards are controlled the time interval, quantity, the cycle that software Wavegen 1410 E1.41 3-4 can control transmitting high-voltage pulse; Sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card are controlled software AEwinRockTest for PCI2 E2.20 3-5 and can be gathered sound wave and acoustic emission signal, storage and post-processed, in last handling process, can realize filtration, the screening identification of sound wave, acoustic emission signal, obtain rock compressional wave in loading procedure, transverse wave speed situation of change, and the three-dimensional localization of Fracture And Damage of Rock Induced position.
Claims (7)
1. a method for acoustic wave of rock, acoustic emission synchro measure, the steps include:
A, at the two ends of rock specimens, place sound wave pressure head, the first cavity sealing pressure head is used for launching the pulse of high pressure acoustic signals, and the second cavity sealing pressure head is used for receiving signal pulse; The wire of two pressure heads produces in mouthful vertical direction consistent, the shear wave probe of signal transmitting terminal is longitudinally relative with the shear wave probe of signal receiving end, the longitudinal wave probe of signal transmitting terminal is longitudinally relative with the longitudinal wave probe of signal receiving end, the first cavity sealing pressure head is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with PC mesohigh signal transmission cards port; The second cavity sealing pressure head is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, and the port outside of respective channel is connected with acoustic signals receiving card port in PC;
The position of B, fixed sound transmitting receiving transducer: at the disposed outside acoustic emission receiving transducer of rock sample, utilize banding spring to fix the position of acoustic emission probe, realize the three-dimensional spatial distribution of acoustic emission receiving transducer, contact position daubing coupling agent at acoustic emission receiving transducer and rock specimens, by acoustic emission receiving transducer Bonding pressure machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, the port outside of respective channel is connected with acoustic emission receiving card port in PC;
C, startup high-voltage signal transmission cards are controlled software, Transmission Time Interval and the transmitting cycle of high-voltage pulse signal are set, start sound wave and acoustic emission signal and receive software, start rock pressure machine rock sample is carried out to pressure-loaded, in loading procedure, sound wave and the acoustic emission signal of Real-time Collection storage rock, until rock sample destroys;
D, the aftertreatment to collection signal: by gathering with process software, gathered sound wave, acoustic emission signal are sieved to identification, by the interpretation to Wave data, obtain the change information of rock transverse wave speed, longitudinal wave velocity in loading procedure; Filter acoustic signals and acoustic emission is received to the interference of signal, obtain position, the quantity of the acoustie emission event of rock.
2. the method for a kind of acoustic wave of rock according to claim 1, acoustic emission synchro measure, is characterized in that: described step C, the steps include:
A, in process of the test, start high-voltage signal transmission cards and control software, the high-voltage signal quantity of every group of transmitting is set, firing interval Δ T1, firing time cycle T: upper one group of last signal and next are organized the interval of events of first signal; Then start rock pressure machine and sound wave and acoustic emission and receive software, gather sound wave and acoustic emission signal in whole process of the test;
First high pressure sound wave pulse signal time t1 of b, the transmitting of tracer signal transmitting terminal, the sonic probe of signal transmitting terminal will be launched high pressure ultrasound wave, after elapsed time Δ T2, in signal receiving end, the receiving transducer of correspondence will receive ultrasonic signal with it, utilize two distances between probe divided by Δ T2, obtain the longitudinal wave velocity V1 of rock sample;
C, after first excites probe (1-1a) to transmit, through the Δ T1 time, second probe (1-2a) in signal transmitting terminal launched ultrasonic signal automatically, after the Δ T3 time, corresponding receiving transducer (1-2b) is received signal with it, record time Δ T3, utilize distance and the travel-time Δ T3 of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V2 of rock sample;
After d, second excite probe (1-2a) to transmit, through the Δ T1 time, the 3rd probe (1-3a) in signal transmitting terminal launched ultrasonic signal automatically, after elapsed time Δ T4, corresponding receiving transducer (1-3b) is received signal with it, record time Δ T4, utilize distance and the travel-time Δ T4 of probe, try to achieve the transverse wave speed V3 of rock sample;
E, with period of time T repeating step b, steps d until off-test, by the sonic data collecting is processed, obtains longitudinal wave velocity variation characteristic, the transverse wave speed variation characteristic of the rock sample in loading procedure;
F, the impact of filtration acoustic signals on acoustic emission information, process the acoustic emission number change and the acoustic emission point location figure that obtain rock.
3. the method for a kind of acoustic wave of rock according to claim 2, acoustic emission synchro measure, is characterized in that: described step f, the steps include:
(1) determine the time of origin of acoustic signals: the initial time of first group of acoustic signals is t1, three acoustic signals of every group of transmitting, be Δ T1 the interval time between each signal, launching one group of acoustic signals time used is 2 Δ T1, the time of origin interval of first group of acoustic signals is: t1, t1+2 Δ T1, the transmitting cycle of every group of acoustic signals is T, the time of origin of second group of acoustic signals is: t1+2 Δ T1+T, t1+4 Δ T1+T, the time of origin of the 3rd group of acoustic signals is: t1+4 Δ T1+2T, t1+6 Δ T1+2T;
(2) filter the impact of acoustic signals on acoustic emission signal: in the data that gather at all acoustic emission passages, filtering out time interval exists: t1+2 (n-1) Δ T1+ (n-1) T, the data message of t1+2n Δ T1+ (n-1) T, the data message obtaining is all from the acoustic emission of rock.
4. the experimental provision of a kind of acoustic wave of rock claimed in claim 1, acoustic emission synchro measure, it is comprised of synchronous acquisition and disposal system (CPS machine) three parts of sonic test device (UWS), acoustic emission test device (AES), data, it is characterized in that: sonic test device harmony transmission test set is connected with test pressure machine base converting interface respectively, converting interface by test pressure machine base is connected to data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, the first cavity sealing pressure head (UW-1) in sonic test device is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, the port outside of passage is connected with high-voltage signal transmission cards (3-2) port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) is connected with pressing machine triaxial chamber chassis inner port, the port outside of passage is connected with acoustic signals receiving card (3-3) port in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, high-voltage signal transmission cards (3-2) in data acquisition and processing (DAP) system, sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card (3-3) are built in computer housing.
5. according to right, want a kind of acoustic wave of rock described in 4, the experimental provision of acoustic emission synchro measure, it is characterized in that: described sonic test device comprises the first cavity sealing pressure head (UW-1), the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) of two built-in sonic probes, and the first longitudinal wave probe (1-1a), the first shear wave probe (1-2a), the 3rd shear wave probe (1-3a) are contained in the first cavity sealing pressure head (UW-1) inside, the second longitudinal wave probe (1-1b), the second shear wave probe (1-2b), quadrupole shear wave probe (1-3b) are contained in the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) inside, sonic test device also comprises ram cavity (1-4), pressure head upper cover (1-5), compress gasket (1-6) and compression pin (1-7), wire produces mouthful (1-8), plug (1-9), seal pin (1-10), O-ring seal (1-11) and wire (1-12), ram cavity (1-4) indoor design three probe grooves, arrange respectively three ultrasonic probes, the first longitudinal wave probe (1-1a), the first shear wave probe (1-2a), the 3rd shear wave probe (1-3a) or the second longitudinal wave probe (1-1b), the second shear wave probe (1-2b), quadrupole shear wave probe (1-3b), the first cavity sealing pressure head (UW-1), the caudal directions of two shear wave probes in UW-2-the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) is arranged vertically, at the first longitudinal wave probe (1-1a), the first shear wave probe (1-2a), the 3rd shear wave probe (1-3a) or the second longitudinal wave probe (1-1b), the second shear wave probe (1-2b), quadrupole shear wave probe (1-3b) front end daubing coupling agent, firm the first longitudinal wave probe of compress gasket (1-6) (1-1a), the first shear wave probe (1-2a), the 3rd shear wave probe (1-3a) or the second longitudinal wave probe (1-1b), the second shear wave probe (1-2b), the position of quadrupole shear wave probe (1-3b), will be respectively by the first longitudinal wave probe (1-1a) with wire (1-12), the first shear wave probe (1-2a), the 3rd shear wave probe (1-3a) or the second longitudinal wave probe (1-1b), the second shear wave probe (1-2b), quadrupole shear wave probe (1-3b) is connected inside producing mouthful (1-8) with wire in ram cavity (1-4), the edge of pressure head upper cover (1-5) leaves sealing groove, at groove location arrangements O-ring seal (1-11), by seal pin (1-10), pressure head upper cover (1-5) and ram cavity (1-4) are sealed, with wire (1-12) attachment plug (1-9) and wire, produce the outer side interface of mouthful (1-8), plug is inserted to pressure test machine base, the plug of the first cavity sealing pressure head (UW-1) inserts high-voltage signal transmission channel port, by triaxial chamber base interface, be connected with high pressure ultrasound wave transmission cards (3-2) port, the plug of the second cavity sealing pressure head (UW-2) inserts acoustic signals receiving cable port, by triaxial chamber base interface, be connected with acoustic emission signal receiving card (3-3) with sound wave.
6. according to right, want a kind of acoustic wave of rock described in 4, the experimental provision of acoustic emission synchro measure, it is characterized in that: described acoustic emission test device it by acoustic emission probe (2-1), probe containment vessel (2-2), sealing bottom (2-3), O-ring seal (2-4), seal pin (2-5), wire converting interface (2-6), banding spring (2-7), wire (2-8), plug (2-9) forms, acoustic emission probe (2-1) is built in probe containment vessel (2-2), at acoustic emission probe (2-1) end and the inner daubing coupling agent of probe containment vessel (2-2), with wire (2-8) connecting acoustic emission probe (2-1) and wire converting interface (2-6) the inner, wire converting interface (2-6) is connected with sealing bottom (2-3), O-ring seal (2-4) is placed in probe containment vessel (2-2) and sealing bottom (2-3), with seal pin (2-5) will pop one's head in containment vessel (2-2) with sealing bottom (2-3) sealing, with wire (2-8), connect wire converting interface (2-6) outer end and plug (2-9), plug is inserted to tester base interface, be connected to acoustic emission signal receiving cable.
7. according to right, want a kind of acoustic wave of rock described in 4, the experimental provision of acoustic emission synchro measure, it is characterized in that: described synchronous data sampling and disposal system it by PC (3-1), high-voltage signal transmission cards (3-2), sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card (3-3), high-voltage signal transmission cards are controlled software (3-4), sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card are controlled software (3-5), wire (3-6) forms, high-voltage signal transmission cards (3-2) and sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card (3-3) are built in PC (3-1), by wire (3-6), be connected with tester base, high-voltage signal transmission cards are controlled software (3-4) and sound wave and acoustic emission signal receiving card control software (3-5) and are arranged in PC (3-1).
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