CN108088913A - For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection - Google Patents
For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108088913A CN108088913A CN201810018322.7A CN201810018322A CN108088913A CN 108088913 A CN108088913 A CN 108088913A CN 201810018322 A CN201810018322 A CN 201810018322A CN 108088913 A CN108088913 A CN 108088913A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric
- rail
- guided wave
- frequency
- detection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
- G01N29/245—Ceramic probes, e.g. lead zirconate titanate [PZT] probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/449—Statistical methods not provided for in G01N29/4409, e.g. averaging, smoothing and interpolation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/262—Linear objects
- G01N2291/2623—Rails; Railroads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of for the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection, the probe includes outer casing, several piezoelectric units and at least one interface, each piezoelectric unit includes piezoelectric chip, cable, damping block, sound-absorbing filler object, elastic element and internal layer shell, piezoelectric chip is the piezoelectric ceramic piece of length direction vibration mode, it is arranged on the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, piezoelectric chip is close to parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration with damping block, damping block is arranged in internal layer shell, sound-absorbing filler object is filled between damping block and internal layer shell, elastic element is arranged between internal layer shell and outer casing, interface is arranged on the top of outer casing, and pass through cable and be connected with piezoelectric chip.The present invention uses the piezoelectric chip of length direction vibration mode, and high sensitivity, single detecting distance is long, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, can detect compared with Small loss, while cost is relatively low, convenient for promoting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of failure detector and its method of detection, especially a kind of piezoelectricity for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail surpasses
Guided Waves are popped one's head in and its method of detection, belong to technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Rail examination is one of critical task for ensureing safe train operation.Current rail examination generally uses ultrasonic wave
Technology emits into rail pulsed sound from rail head tread by ultrasonic probe and receives its back wave to detect damage.It is super
Sonic flaw detection technology emits pulsed sound every time can only check the regional area of probe surrounding, exist in rail flange of rail two side areas
The flaw detection blind area of large area.Although rail head of rail damage is still the principal element for causing broken rail, in recent years due to train speed raising
With increasing for heavy haul train, the flange of rail damages the trend that the quantity of broken rail event or accident is caused also to show rising.
The lossless detection methods such as vortex, ray, magnetic powder, due to easily it is affected by environment, reliability is not high, technical maturity not
Foot etc. various factors and be difficult to apply in rail examination.Since ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is lossless in long range cross-section component
Unique technical advantage is embodied in detection so that the rail examination method based on supersonic guide-wave becomes a research heat in recent years
Point.
Chinese invention patent Publication No. CN102520068A's " is damaged based on the rail of magnetostriction and longitudinal ultrasonic guided wave
Hinder detection method " longitudinal ultrasonic guided wave is excited to detect rail failure, but based on magnetic in rail using magnetostrictive transducer
It causes flexible supersonic guide-wave signal-to-noise ratio low and is difficult to facilitate application in the field.In addition, technology disclosed in the patent is mainly applicable in
It detects a flaw in rail head.
I Bartoli etc., J Zhang etc., Lu are superfine using hammering method progress rail ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection, but pass through hammering
In the guided wave signals that method obtains, guided wave modal resolution is relatively low, thus guided wave is required to receive energy converter close to impaired loci, this is in reality
It is often difficult to realize in the detection of border.In addition, hammering method is not suitable in production practices yet.
In recent years, the non-contact ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection based on laser-ultrasound and Air Coupling has also obtained tremendous development,
But there are still obvious shortcomings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, precision, replicability at present.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, and the probe is using length
The piezoelectric chip of direction vibration mode is spent, high sensitivity, single detecting distance is long, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, can detect compared with Small loss, simultaneously
Cost is relatively low, convenient for promoting.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of detection based on above-mentioned piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection, including outer casing, several piezoelectric units and extremely
A few interface, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip and cable, and the piezoelectric chip is length direction vibration mode
Piezoelectric ceramic piece, piezoelectric chip is arranged on the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, and the interface is arranged on
The top of outer casing, and pass through cable and be connected with piezoelectric chip.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes damping block, and the damping block is arranged in outer casing, the piezoelectricity
Chip is tight parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and damping block parallel to being covered with protective film in the outer one side of direction of vibration
Patch.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes internal layer shell, and the internal layer shell is arranged in outer casing, described
Damping block is arranged in internal layer shell.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes sound-absorbing filler object, the sound-absorbing filler object be filled in damping block with it is interior
Between layer housing.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes elastic element, and the elastic element is arranged on internal layer shell and outer layer
Between housing.
Further, several described piezoelectric units are divided at least one set of piezoelectric unit group, at least one set of piezoelectric unit group
The spread configuration on the longitudinal direction parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration, all piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group exist
It is arranged side by side on the horizontal direction of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration.
Further, the bottom outside face of the outer casing forms the song that can be bonded with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail
Face, the piezoelectric chip of several piezoelectric units are arranged on the curved surface.
Further, when the interface is one, the piezoelectric chip of several piezoelectric units is connect by cable and this
Mouth connection；The interface be two or more when, each interface be connected with the piezoelectric chip of one of piezoelectric unit or
It is connected with the piezoelectric chip of plurality of piezoelectric unit.
Another object of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
Based on above-mentioned piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe method of detection, the described method includes：
When detecting the one side of the rail flange of rail, by piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement in the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail,
So that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip is parallel to rail length direction, during detection, apply one above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe
Fixed pressure so that the piezoelectric chip of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe bottom can be close to the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail；
When detecting the both sides of the rail flange of rail, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is individually positioned in the both sides upper table of the rail flange of rail
Face so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip is parallel to rail length direction, during detection, applies above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe
Certain pressure so that the piezoelectric chip of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe bottom can be close to the both sides upper surface of the rail flange of rail；
Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave is popped one's head in and is attached with external equipment, the piezoelectricity popped one's head in and selected with reference to piezoelectric supersonic guided wave
Chip selects suitable detection frequency to carry out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
Further, the suitable detection frequency of the selection carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination, specifically includes：
Ultrasonic guided wave detecting upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit are chosen according to detection demand；
By separating several Frequency points at equal intervals as measuring point in frequency range between upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit；
Respectively Guided waves are carried out by stimulating frequency of the measuring point；
Signal is received to the guided wave of each measuring point and carries out time frequency analysis respectively, obtain each measuring point guided wave receive signal when
Frequency analysis result；
By the time frequency analysis result detected every time in upper frequency limit, lower-frequency limit and the frequency range respectively with when
Between, frequency be axis expansion, and the value of corresponding time point, Frequency point be separately summed, draw out stimulating frequency pair in Guided waves
The guided wave time frequency analysis figure of frequency range described in Ying Yu；
According to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, preferably go out suitable guided wave excitation centre frequency and guide wave flaw detection analysis frequency/
Frequency range carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
The present invention has following advantageous effect compared with the prior art：
1st, the present invention is popped one's head in using the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of piezoelectric type, easy to use and at low cost, easy to spread, and
Each piezoelectric unit in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe uses the piezoelectric chip of length direction vibration mode (LE moulds), at ten kilo hertzs
It is hereby interior with good response to the frequency range of hundreds of kHz, conventional ultrasonic wave steel rail flaw detection technology is compensated in the rail flange of rail
Two side areas there are large area detect a flaw blind area the defects of, and single detecting distance is long, and typical single detecting distance is up to ten meters
To tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient, and compared with traditional ultrasonic probe, when detecting a flaw for the flange of rail, sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio are more
Height, single detecting distance is longer, can detect more Small loss.
2nd, the piezoelectric chip in each piezoelectric unit of the invention, parallel to being covered with protection in the outer one side of direction of vibration
Film is close to parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration with damping block, and protective film can protect in use that piezoelectric chip is not
It is damaged, and damping block can provide damping to reduce pulse width, improve resolution ratio for the vibration of piezoelectric chip, and be piezo crystals
Piece provides a supporting role.
3rd, the sound-absorbing filler object in each piezoelectric unit of the invention, sound-absorbing filler object are filled in damping block and internal layer shell
Between, it is miscellaneous to reduce pulse that the sound wave that piezoelectric chip rearwardly transmits (parallel to the one side that direction of vibration is inner) can be absorbed
Ripple.
4th, the elastic element in each piezoelectric unit of the invention, elastic element be arranged on internal layer shell and outer casing it
Between, transmission, the effect for balancing external pressure can be provided, and so that outer casing and internal layer shell can be relatively living in a small range
It is dynamic to ensure detection when piezoelectric chip can with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is intact contacts.
5th, outer casing bottom outside face of the invention forms the curved surface that can be bonded with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail, institute
The piezoelectric chip for having piezoelectric unit is arranged on the curved surface, to reach preferably contact effect.
6th, the present invention has used time-frequency analysis technology, can obtain guided wave in entire phase to select suitably to detect frequency
Close the propagation characteristic in frequency domain, enabling conveniently, intuitively preferably go out using the time-frequency characteristic of multiple actual signals
Guided waves stimulating frequency is occurred when selecting guided wave stimulating frequency with actually leading to avoid based on the theory analysis of dispersion curve
Unmatched problem between ripple detection, moreover it is possible to readily obtain the analysis frequency of Guided waves.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is sectional view of the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe vertical of the embodiment of the present invention 1 in the sectional view of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration.
Fig. 3 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the embodiment of the present invention 1 shows the shaft side figure at the top of outer casing.
Fig. 4 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the embodiment of the present invention 1 shows the shaft side figure of outer casing bottom.
Fig. 5 is the axonometric drawing of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 6 is the front view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 7 is the top view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 8 is the side view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is popped one's head in.
Plane of the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of Fig. 9 embodiment of the present invention 1 in the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is shown
It is intended to.
Three-dimensional of the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of Figure 10 embodiment of the present invention 1 in the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is shown
It is intended to.
Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing at A in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is integrated in one with signal excitation and receive capabilities for the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and leads to
The schematic diagram of the external equipment connection in road.
Figure 13 is two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probe of the embodiment of the present invention 2 respectively with the excitation channel of external equipment and connecing
Receive channel attached schematic diagram.
Figure 14 be the embodiment of the present invention 3 two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probe respectively with external excitation equipment and external reception
The schematic diagram of equipment connection.
Figure 15 is that plane of the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of the embodiment of the present invention 4 in rail flange of rail both sides upper surface is shown
It is intended to.
Figure 16 is the piezo crystals of each interface and a piezoelectric unit during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 5 is popped one's head in
The schematic diagram of piece connection.
Figure 17 is sectional view of the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration of the embodiment of the present invention 6.
Figure 18 is that excitation of two interfaces respectively with external equipment is led to during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the embodiment of the present invention 6 is popped one's head in
The schematic diagram that road is connected with receiving channel.
Figure 19 be the embodiment of the present invention 7 piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe in two interfaces respectively with external excitation equipment and outside
The schematic diagram of portion's receiving device connection.
Wherein, 1- outer casings, 2- interfaces, 3- piezoelectric chips, 4- cables, 5- damping blocks, 6- sound-absorbing filler objects, 7- bullets
Property element, 8- internal layer shells, 9- piezoelectric supersonics guided wave probe, 10- rail, 11- external equipments, 12- external excitation equipment, 13-
External reception equipment.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are unlimited
In this.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is present embodiments provided, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be used for the rail flange of rail
Flaw detection, compensate for conventional ultrasonic wave steel rail flaw detection technology rail flange of rail two side areas there are large area detect a flaw blind area the defects of,
And single detecting distance is long, and for typical single detecting distance up to ten meters to tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient.
As shown in Figure 1 to 4, the present embodiment piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe include 1, five piezoelectric unit of outer casing with
And an interface 2, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip 3, cable 4, damping block 5, sound-absorbing filler object 6,7 and of elastic element
Internal layer shell 8.
As shown in Fig. 5~Fig. 8, the piezoelectric chip 3 selects the piezoelectric ceramic piece for length direction vibration mode (LE moulds),
The specific piezoelectric ceramic piece for selecting PZT-5 type length direction vibration modes, vibration mode can see from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6；Piezoelectricity
The cathode bound edge of chip 3, total length L 16mm, effective length l be 14mm, width w be 4mm, thickness d 1mm, the piezoelectricity
Chip 3 has good response in the range of 10kHz~300kHz, can meet the excitation of guided wave in the range of conventional frequency and connect
It receives, during encapsulation, the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel with horizontal plane, and parallel to being covered in the outer one side of direction of vibration
Protective film is close to parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration with damping block 5, and protective film is by sound translative performance and excellent wear-resisting property
Material is made, at the same have preferable rigidity with protect in use piezoelectric chip 3 it is without damage.
The cable 4 is preferably using coaxial wire, for five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 to be connected with interface 2.
The damping block 5 is arranged in internal layer shell 8, in the present embodiment, since piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to direction of vibration
Inner one side is close to damping block 5, thus piezoelectric chip 3 some be also disposed in internal layer shell 8, damping block 5 can be
The vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 provides damping to reduce pulse width, improve resolution ratio, and is provided a supporting role for piezoelectric chip 3.
The sound-absorbing filler object 6 is filled between damping block 5 and internal layer shell 8, is mainly used for absorption piezoelectric chip 3 and is supported or opposed
The sound wave of face (parallel to one side that direction of vibration is inner) transmission is to reduce impulsive noise signal.
The elastic element 7 is arranged between internal layer shell 8 and outer casing 1, and elastic element 7 can be spring, spring leaf
Or elastic filler, it is preferred to use spring provides transmission, the effect for balancing external pressure, and causes outer casing 1 and inner layer case
Body 8 can when activity is to ensure detection relatively for a small range piezoelectric chip 3 can with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is intact contacts.
The internal layer shell 8 is arranged in outer casing 1, for by piezoelectric chip 3, damping block 5, sound-absorbing filler object 6 into
Row encapsulation.
The interface 2 can be connected with cable 4 for that can be BNC or MCX interfaces, that is, realize through cable 4 and five pieces
Piezoelectric chip 3 connects.
In the present embodiment, five piezoelectric units are divided into one group of piezoelectric unit group, that is to say, that parallel to piezoelectric chip 3
There was only this group of piezoelectric unit group on the longitudinal direction of direction of vibration, as can see from Figure 1；It is vibrated perpendicular to piezoelectric chip 3
On the horizontal direction in direction, five piezoelectric units in this group of piezoelectric unit group are arranged side by side, and are packaged in the inside of outer casing 1
And bottom, as can see from Figure 2；The piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the present embodiment is popped one's head in for the one side upper table face paste with the rail flange of rail
It closes, the bottom outside face of outer casing 1 is formed to the curved surface that can be bonded with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail, in the piezoelectricity list
After tuple encapsulation, five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 are transversely arranged preferably to contact effect on the curved surface to reach, can from Fig. 4
It arrives.
The present embodiment is detected the one side of the rail flange of rail, as shown in Fig. 9~Figure 11, by piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
It is placed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is being schemed parallel to 10 length direction of rail
During detection, 9 are popped one's head in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave for 9 projection on 10 cross section of rail it can be seen that piezoelectric supersonic guided wave is popped one's head in 9
Top applies certain pressure so that the piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be close to being somebody's turn to do for 10 flange of rail of rail
Side upper surface；As shown in figure 12, the interface 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is connected to external equipment 11, which can
For ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection instrument or the other equipment with signal excitation and/or receive capabilities, the external equipment of the present embodiment
11 be specially the external equipment that signal excitation and receive capabilities are integrated in a passage, in the detection, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
Piezoelectric chip 3, by inverse piezoelectric effect realize guided wave excitation, and pass through piezoelectric effect realize guided wave reception.
The present embodiment is led after the interface 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is connected to external equipment 11 with reference to piezoelectric supersonic
Ripple probe 9 and selected piezoelectric chip 3 select suitable detection frequency to carry out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
The suitable detection frequency of selection carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination, specifically includes：
1) ultrasonic guided wave detecting upper frequency limit is chosen according to detection demand and lower-frequency limit, upper frequency limit is denoted as fU, frequency
Lower limit is denoted as fL, the frequency range between them is denoted as [fL, fU]。
2) frequency range [f between upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limitL, fU] in by Δ f at equal intervals separate several frequencies
For point as measuring point, several Frequency points are fL+ Δ f, fL+ 2* Δs f, fL+ 3* Δs f ... ..., fU。
3) Guided waves are carried out by stimulating frequency of the measuring point respectively.
Data are handled for convenience, the present embodiment can carry out guided wave by stimulating frequency of the measuring point respectively
Before detection, the triggering moment of detection and guided wave signals sample frequency are set so that the guided wave of each measuring point receives leads in signal
The time tag of ripple excitation instant is identical, and the guided wave reception signal sampling frequencies of each Guided waves are consistent.
If the triggering moment of detection is not provided with before Guided waves are carried out as stimulating frequency using the measuring point respectively
With guided wave signals sample frequency, it is necessary to after Guided waves are carried out as stimulating frequency using the measuring point respectively, guided wave be connect
The time shaft translation of the collection of letters number, so that the time tag that all guided waves receive guided wave excitation instant in signal is identical, and will sampling
It is down-sampled that the high guided wave of frequency receives signal so that the sample frequency that all guided waves receive signal is consistent, and Minimum sample rate
Meet the requirement of sampling thheorem.
4) signal is received to the guided wave of each measuring point and carries out time frequency analysis T (f, t) respectively, obtained each measuring point guided wave and receive
The time frequency analysis result A of signali(i=1,2,3 ...).
5) by upper frequency limit fU, lower-frequency limit fLAnd frequency range [the fL, fU] in the time frequency analysis knot that detects every time
Fruit Ai(i=1,2,3 ...) is unfolded respectively using time, frequency as axis, and the value of corresponding time point, Frequency point is separately summed, and is painted
Make the guided wave time frequency analysis figure that stimulating frequency in Guided waves corresponds to the frequency range.
6) according to the guided wave modal of guided wave time frequency analysis figure, judge whether to need to the frequency sub-band in the frequency range into
8) row further analysis, if so, entering step 7), otherwise enters step.
In this step, if the guided wave modal of guided wave time frequency analysis figure excessively complexity is, it is necessary to in the frequency range
Frequency sub-band be further analyzed.
7) frequency sub-band is chosen and respectively using the bound of the frequency sub-band as upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit, return to step
2), to repaint out guided wave time frequency analysis figure.
8) according to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, preferably go out suitable guided wave stimulating frequency and analysis frequency/frequency range carries out ultrasound
Guided wave rail examination, specially：Guided wave time frequency analysis figure can intuitively show different guided wave modals being distributed, by force in each frequency range
Degree and Dispersion Characteristics, whether the guided wave modal quantity shown according to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, guided wave modal easily identify, amplitude,
Preferably go out suitable guided wave stimulating frequency and analysis frequency by integrating the principles such as guided wave modal quantity is few, easy to identify, amplitude is preferable
Rate/frequency range carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
After the processing of above-mentioned steps, preferably go out the centre frequency that 62kHz is excited as guided wave, 20~220kHz conducts
Guide wave flaw detection analyzes frequency, and rail flange of rail ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection is completed with this.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, as shown in figure 13, to steel
The one side of the rail flange of rail is detected, but piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is two, and two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probes 9 are placed on
The side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, during detection,
9 top of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe applies certain pressure so that the piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be tight
It is affixed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail；The interface 2 of two piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes 9 is respectively connected to external equipment 11
Excitation channel and receiving channel, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 being connected with the excitation channel of external equipment 11, are pressed in the detection
Electric chip 3 realizes the excitation of guided wave by inverse piezoelectric effect, and the piezoelectric supersonic being connected with the receiving channel of external equipment 11 is led
Ripple probe 9, the reception that piezoelectric chip 3 passes through piezoelectric effect realization guided wave in the detection.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, as shown in figure 14, by two
A piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is placed on the one side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, and the one side of the rail flange of rail is detected, but outer
Portion's equipment includes external excitation equipment 12 and external reception equipment 13, the i.e. excitation of signal and receive capabilities, by different outsides
Equipment realizes that the interface 2 of two piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes 9 is respectively connected to external excitation equipment 12 and external reception equipment
13, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave that is connected with external excitation equipment 12 probe 9, in the detection piezoelectric chip 3 pass through inverse piezoelectric effect
Realize the excitation of guided wave, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 being connected with external reception equipment 13, piezoelectric chip 3 is logical in the detection
Cross the reception that piezoelectric effect realizes guided wave.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, to the both sides of the rail flange of rail
It is detected, as shown in figure 15, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is individually positioned in the both sides upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that
The direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, in fig.15 it can be seen that piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is in steel
Projection on 10 cross section of rail, during detection, in the certain pressure of 9 top application of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe so that piezoelectric supersonic
The piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of guided wave probe can be close to the both sides upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, and those skilled in the art can know
Road, 10 flange of rail both sides of rail can be detected simultaneously, also can successively detect successively.
Embodiment 5：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：As shown in figure 16, the interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is five, each
Interface 2 is connected by cable 4 with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be four, wherein
Three interfaces 2 are connected one to one respectively by cable 4 and three pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, another interface 2 passes through cable 4
It is connected with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3；Interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be three, and first interface 2 passes through cable
Line 4 is connected with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and second interface 2 is connected by cable 4 with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and the 3rd interface leads to
Cable 4 is crossed to be connected with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3；Interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be two, first interface
2 are connected by cable 4 with three pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and second interface 2 is connected by cable 4 with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3.Its
Remaining same embodiment 1,2,3 or 4.
Embodiment 6：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：Piezoelectric unit in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is ten, by ten piezoelectricity lists
Member is divided into two groups of piezoelectric unit groups, i.e. there are five piezoelectric units, as shown in figure 17, two groups of piezoelectric units for every group of piezoelectric unit group tool
Group spread configuration on the longitudinal direction parallel to 3 direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip, two groups of piezoelectric unit groups are packaged in outer casing 1
Inside and bottom, five piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group are perpendicular to the transverse direction side of 3 direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip
It is arranged side by side upwards, correspondingly, the interface 2 in the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the present embodiment is two, one of which piezoelectricity list
Five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 in tuple are connected with an interface 2, five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 in another group of piezoelectric unit group with it is another
A interface 2 connects.
As shown in figure 18, the present embodiment is detected the one side of 10 flange of rail of rail, and piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is placed
In the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, during detection,
Apply certain pressure above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 so that 3 energy of piezoelectric chip of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe
It is close to the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail；Two interfaces 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 are respectively connected to external equipment 11
Excitation channel and receiving channel, five piezoelectric units being connected with the excitation channel of external equipment 11, piezoelectricity in the detection
Chip 3 is by the excitation of inverse piezoelectric effect realization guided wave, five piezoelectric units being connected with the receiving channel of external equipment 11,
Piezoelectric chip 3 realizes the reception of guided wave by piezoelectric effect in the detection, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that this implementation
Example can also be detected the both sides of 10 flange of rail of rail.
Embodiment 7：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe as shown in figure 19, will be pressed with embodiment 6
Electric ultrasonic probe 9 is placed on the one side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, but external equipment is including external excitation equipment 12 and outside
The excitation of portion's receiving device 13, i.e. signal and receive capabilities are realized by different external equipment, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
Two interfaces 2 are respectively connected to five piezoelectric units being connected with external excitation equipment 12, and piezoelectric chip 3 passes through in the detection
Inverse piezoelectric effect realizes the excitation of guided wave, five piezoelectric units being connected with external reception equipment 13, in the detection piezo crystals
Piece 3 realizes the reception of guided wave by piezoelectric effect.
In above-described embodiment 1~7, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is also mountable to outer clamp or other external mechanical devices
In, in order to the implementation of detection；In addition, in the case of conditions permit, increase in the transverse direction perpendicular to rail length direction
The quantity of piezoelectric unit is conducive to the excitation and reception of guided wave.
In conclusion the present invention is popped one's head in using the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of piezoelectric type, and it is easy to use and at low cost, it is easy to
It promotes, and each piezoelectric unit in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe uses the piezoelectric chip of length direction vibration mode (LE moulds),
In the frequency range of ten kHz to hundreds of kHz there is good response, compensate for conventional ultrasonic wave steel rail flaw detection technology and exist
Rail flange of rail two side areas there are large area detect a flaw blind area the defects of, and single detecting distance is long, typical single detecting distance
Up to ten meters to tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient, compared with traditional ultrasonic probe, when detecting a flaw for the flange of rail, sensitivity and
Signal-to-noise ratio higher, single detecting distance is longer, can detect more Small loss.
The above is only patent preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the protection domain of patent of the present invention is not limited to
This, any one skilled in the art is in the scope disclosed in patent of the present invention, the skill of patent according to the present invention
Art scheme and its inventive concept are subject to equivalent substitution or change, are received using the guided wave excitation of ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection and guided wave
Process has the characteristics that relative independentability, and guided wave excitation is implemented separately using the present invention or guided wave reception is implemented separately, belongs to
The protection domain of patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. for the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection, it is characterised in that：Including outer casing, several piezoelectricity lists
First and at least one interface, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip and cable, and the piezoelectric chip shakes for length direction
The piezoelectric ceramic piece of dynamic model formula, piezoelectric chip is arranged on the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, described to connect
Mouth is arranged on the top of outer casing, and passes through cable and be connected with piezoelectric chip.
2. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes damping block, and the damping block is arranged in outer casing, and the piezoelectric chip is outer parallel to direction of vibration
One side on be covered with protective film, be close to parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration with damping block.
3. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 2 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes internal layer shell, and the internal layer shell is arranged in outer casing, and the damping block is arranged in internal layer shell.
4. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 3 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes sound-absorbing filler object, and the sound-absorbing filler object is filled between damping block and internal layer shell.
5. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 3 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes elastic element, and the elastic element is arranged between internal layer shell and outer casing.
6. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：It is if described
A dry piezoelectric unit is divided at least one set of piezoelectric unit group, and at least one set of piezoelectric unit group is parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
Longitudinal direction on spread configuration, all piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group are perpendicular to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
It is arranged side by side on horizontal direction.
7. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：It is described outer
The bottom outside face of layer housing forms the curved surface that can be bonded with the one side upper surface of the rail flange of rail, several piezoelectric units
Piezoelectric chip is arranged on the curved surface.
8. being popped one's head according to claim 1-7 any one of them for the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave that the rail flange of rail is detected a flaw, feature exists
In：When the interface is one, the piezoelectric chip of several piezoelectric units is connected by cable with the interface；The interface
For two or more when, each interface be connected with the piezoelectric chip of one of piezoelectric unit or with plurality of piezoelectricity
The piezoelectric chip connection of unit.
9. the method for detection based on any one of the claim 1-8 piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes, it is characterised in that：The method
Including：
When detecting the one side of the rail flange of rail, by piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement in the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail so that
The direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip is parallel to rail length direction, during detection, applies above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe certain
Pressure so that the piezoelectric chip of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe bottom can be close to the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail；
When detecting the both sides of the rail flange of rail, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is individually positioned in the both sides upper surface of the rail flange of rail,
So that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip is parallel to rail length direction, during detection, apply one above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe
Fixed pressure so that the piezoelectric chip of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe bottom can be close to the both sides upper surface of the rail flange of rail；
Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave is popped one's head in and is attached with external equipment, the piezo crystals popped one's head in and selected with reference to piezoelectric supersonic guided wave
Piece selects suitable detection frequency to carry out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
10. method of detection according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The suitable detection frequency of selection carries out ultrasound
Guided wave rail examination, specifically includes：
Ultrasonic guided wave detecting upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit are chosen according to detection demand；
By separating several Frequency points at equal intervals as measuring point in frequency range between upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit；
Respectively Guided waves are carried out by stimulating frequency of the measuring point；
Signal is received to the guided wave of each measuring point and carries out time frequency analysis respectively, obtains the when frequency division that each measuring point guided wave receives signal
Analyse result；
By the time frequency analysis result detected every time in upper frequency limit, lower-frequency limit and the frequency range respectively with time, frequency
Rate is unfolded for axis, and the value of corresponding time point, Frequency point is separately summed, and draws out stimulating frequency in Guided waves and corresponds to institute
State the guided wave time frequency analysis figure of frequency range；
According to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, preferably go out the centre frequency of suitable guided wave excitation and guide wave flaw detection analysis frequency/frequency range
Carry out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810018322.7A CN108088913B (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave probe for flaw detection of steel rail bottom and flaw detection method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810018322.7A CN108088913B (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave probe for flaw detection of steel rail bottom and flaw detection method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108088913A true CN108088913A (en) | 2018-05-29 |
| CN108088913B CN108088913B (en) | 2023-08-25 |
Family
ID=62182791
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810018322.7A Active CN108088913B (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave probe for flaw detection of steel rail bottom and flaw detection method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108088913B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108845037A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-20 | 清诚声发射研究（广州）有限公司 | A kind of acoustic emission detection system |
| CN110261482A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 招商局重庆公路工程检测中心有限公司 | Roller type collector and acquisition device |
| CN112414601A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 北京理工大学 | Wide frequency ultrasonic transducer |
| CN113710379A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic scanning system and processing method |
| JP7444257B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2024-03-06 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Defect inspection equipment |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11326289A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic flaw detection of cylindrical body |
| JP2001066294A (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-03-16 | Nkk Corp | Ultrasonic flaw detection method and device |
| JP2007132789A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-31 | Just R & D Co Ltd | Ultrasonic oblique angle probe |
| CN105044216A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-11 | 华南理工大学 | Transmissive guided wave detection novel method for non-metal pipeline damage |
| CN105241962A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 安东检测有限公司 | Phased array probe and phased array instrument |
| CN106815552A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-09 | 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 | Data signal post-processing approach based on time frequency analysis |
| CN207689437U (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-08-03 | 东莞理工学院 | Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail |
-
2018
- 2018-01-09 CN CN201810018322.7A patent/CN108088913B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11326289A (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for ultrasonic flaw detection of cylindrical body |
| JP2001066294A (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2001-03-16 | Nkk Corp | Ultrasonic flaw detection method and device |
| JP2007132789A (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-31 | Just R & D Co Ltd | Ultrasonic oblique angle probe |
| CN105044216A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-11 | 华南理工大学 | Transmissive guided wave detection novel method for non-metal pipeline damage |
| CN105241962A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 安东检测有限公司 | Phased array probe and phased array instrument |
| CN106815552A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-06-09 | 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 | Data signal post-processing approach based on time frequency analysis |
| CN207689437U (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-08-03 | 东莞理工学院 | Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108845037A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-20 | 清诚声发射研究（广州）有限公司 | A kind of acoustic emission detection system |
| CN110261482A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-09-20 | 招商局重庆公路工程检测中心有限公司 | Roller type collector and acquisition device |
| CN110261482B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2024-02-23 | 招商局重庆公路工程检测中心有限公司 | Roller type collector and collecting device |
| CN113710379A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic scanning system and processing method |
| JP7444257B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2024-03-06 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Defect inspection equipment |
| CN112414601A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 北京理工大学 | Wide frequency ultrasonic transducer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108088913B (en) | 2023-08-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN108088913A (en) | For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection | |
| CN107748200B (en) | A kind of weld defect detection piezoelectric-array formula flexible sensor and detection method based on feature guided wave | |
| CN207689438U (en) | Supersonic guide-wave angle probe for rail examination | |
| US6854332B2 (en) | Inspection of non axi-symmetric elongate bodies | |
| EP0655623B1 (en) | Relative resonant frequency shifts to detect cracks | |
| CN104407049B (en) | A kind of micro-crack nondestructive detection system and its detection method | |
| JP5224547B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for diagnosing structural damage | |
| US8185327B2 (en) | Monitoring of composite materials | |
| Michaels | Ultrasonic wavefield imaging: Research tool or emerging NDE method? | |
| CN107843651A (en) | A kind of ultrasonic guided wave detecting method and system of the damage of bridge cable steel wire | |
| US5408880A (en) | Ultrasonic differential measurement | |
| JP2010271116A (en) | Blow hammer for diagnosis of integrity, and method for diagnosis of integrity in concrete structure using the same | |
| CN108008021A (en) | For the supersonic guide-wave angle probe of rail examination and its method of detection | |
| CN106596719A (en) | Method, device and system for detecting pressure welding quality | |
| CN207689437U (en) | Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail | |
| CN103792287A (en) | Large-area structural damage detection method based on Lamb wave | |
| GB2383413A (en) | Detecting rail defects using acoustic surface waves | |
| CN107153095A (en) | The health detecting system and its method of work of a kind of composite plate structure | |
| CN207779962U (en) | A kind of ultrasonic guided wave detecting system of bridge cable steel wire damage | |
| CN107907592A (en) | A kind of supersonic detection device for live line work insulating rod | |
| Dixon et al. | The analysis of adhesive bonds using electromagnetic acoustic transducers | |
| CN104280460B (en) | Ultrasonic water logging detection method of composite material | |
| CN109030625A (en) | A kind of device and method of composite material bonding defect detection | |
| KR20010038725A (en) | Method for non-destructive testing of concrete structure | |
| Giurgiutiu et al. | Embedded ultrasonics NDE with piezoelectric wafer active sensors |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |