CN207689437U - Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail - Google Patents
Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN207689437U CN207689437U CN201820031299.0U CN201820031299U CN207689437U CN 207689437 U CN207689437 U CN 207689437U CN 201820031299 U CN201820031299 U CN 201820031299U CN 207689437 U CN207689437 U CN 207689437U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, the probe includes outer casing, several piezoelectric units and at least one interface, each piezoelectric unit includes piezoelectric chip, cable, damping block, sound-absorbing filler object, elastic element and internal layer shell, piezoelectric chip is the piezoelectric ceramic piece of length direction vibration mode, it is arranged in the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, piezoelectric chip is parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and is close to damping block, damping block is arranged in internal layer shell, sound-absorbing filler object is filled between damping block and internal layer shell, elastic element is arranged between internal layer shell and outer casing, interface is arranged at the top of outer casing, and it is connect with piezoelectric chip by cable.The utility model uses the piezoelectric chip of length direction vibration mode, and high sensitivity, single detecting distance is long, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, can detect compared with Small loss, while cost is relatively low, convenient for promoting.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of failure detector, especially a kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail is visited
Head belongs to technical field of nondestructive testing.
Background technology
Rail examination is one of the critical task for ensureing safe train operation.Current rail examination generally uses ultrasonic wave
Technology emits into rail pulsed sound from rail head tread by ultrasonic probe and receives its back wave to detect damage.It is super
Sonic flaw detection technology emits pulsed sound every time can only check the regional area of probe surrounding, exist in rail flange of rail two side areas
The flaw detection blind area of large area.Although rail head of rail damage is still the principal element for causing broken rail, in recent years due to train speed raising
With increasing for heavy haul train, the flange of rail damages the trend for causing the quantity of broken rail event or accident also to show rising.
The lossless detection methods such as vortex, ray, magnetic powder, due to easily it is affected by environment, reliability is not high, technical maturity not
Foot etc. various factors and be difficult to apply in rail examination.Since ultrasonic guided wave detection technology is lossless in long range cross-section component
Unique technical advantage is embodied in detection so that the rail examination method based on supersonic guide-wave becomes a research heat in recent years
Point.
" the iron based on magnetostriction and longitudinal ultrasonic guided wave of Chinese utility model patent Publication No. CN102520068A
Rail damage detecting method " excites longitudinal ultrasonic guided wave to detect rail failure, but base using magnetostrictive transducer in rail
It is low in magnetostrictive supersonic guide-wave signal-to-noise ratio and be difficult to facilitate application in the field.In addition, the technology of the patent disclosure is main
It detects a flaw suitable for rail head.
I Bartoli etc., J Zhang etc., Lu are superfine using hammering method progress rail ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection, but pass through hammering
In the guided wave signals that method obtains, guided wave modal resolution is relatively low, thus guided wave is required to receive energy converter close to impaired loci, this is in reality
It is often difficult to realize in the detection of border.In addition, hammering method is not suitable in production practices yet.
In recent years, the non-contact ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection based on laser-ultrasound and Air Coupling has also obtained tremendous development,
But there are still obvious shortcomings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, precision, replicability at present.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, which adopts
With the piezoelectric chip of length direction vibration mode, high sensitivity, single detecting distance is long, and signal-to-noise ratio is high, can detect compared with Small loss,
Cost is relatively low simultaneously, convenient for promoting.
The purpose of this utility model can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection, including outer casing, several piezoelectric units and extremely
A few interface, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip and cable, and the piezoelectric chip is length direction vibration mode
Piezoelectric ceramic piece, piezoelectric chip is arranged in the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, and the interface setting exists
The top of outer casing, and connect with piezoelectric chip by cable.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes damping block, and the damping block is arranged in outer casing, the piezoelectricity
Chip is parallel in the outer one side of direction of vibration and is covered with protective film, is parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and damping block is tight
Patch.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes internal layer shell, and the internal layer shell is arranged in outer casing, described
Damping block is arranged in internal layer shell.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes sound-absorbing filler object, the sound-absorbing filler object be filled in damping block with it is interior
Between layer shell.
Further, each piezoelectric unit further includes elastic element, and the elastic element is arranged in internal layer shell and outer layer
Between shell.
Further, several described piezoelectric units are divided at least one set of piezoelectric unit group, at least one set of piezoelectric unit group
It is arranged on the longitudinal direction for being parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration, all piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group exist
It is arranged side by side on the horizontal direction of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration.
Further, the bottom outside face of the outer casing forms the song that can be bonded with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail
The piezoelectric chip in face, several piezoelectric units is arranged on the curved surface.
Further, when the interface is one, the piezoelectric chip of several piezoelectric units is connect by cable and this
Mouth connection；When the interface is two or more, each interface is connect with the piezoelectric chip of one of piezoelectric unit, or
It is connect with the piezoelectric chip of plurality of piezoelectric unit.
The utility model has following advantageous effect compared with the existing technology：
1, the utility model is popped one's head in using the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of piezoelectric type, easy to use and at low cost, is easy to push away
Extensively, and piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe in each piezoelectric unit use length direction vibration mode (LE moulds) piezoelectric chip,
There is good response in ten kHz to the frequency range of hundreds of kHz, compensate for conventional ultrasonic wave steel rail flaw detection technology in steel
There are the defects of large area flaw detection blind area for rail flange of rail two side areas, and single detecting distance is long, and typical single detecting distance can
Up to ten meters to tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient, compared with traditional ultrasonic probe, when for flange of rail flaw detection, and sensitivity and letter
It makes an uproar than higher, single detecting distance is longer, can detect more Small loss.
2, the piezoelectric chip in each piezoelectric unit of the utility model is parallel in the outer one side of direction of vibration and is covered with
Protective film is parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and is close to damping block, and protective film can protect piezo crystals in use
Piece is without damage, and damping block can provide damping to reduce pulse width, improve resolution ratio for the vibration of piezoelectric chip, and is pressure
Electric chip provides a supporting role.
3, the sound-absorbing filler object in each piezoelectric unit of the utility model, sound-absorbing filler object are filled in damping block and internal layer
Between shell, the piezoelectric chip sound wave that rearwardly (being parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration) transmits can be absorbed to reduce pulse
Clutter.
4, the elastic element in each piezoelectric unit of the utility model, elastic element are arranged in internal layer shell and outer shell
Between body, the effect that transmission can be provided, balance external pressure, and so that outer casing and internal layer shell can be in a small range phases
When to activity to ensure detection piezoelectric chip can with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is intact contacts.
5, the outer casing bottom outside face of the utility model forms the song that can be bonded with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail
The piezoelectric chip in face, all piezoelectric units is arranged on the curved surface, to reach preferably contact effect.
6, the utility model has used time-frequency analysis technology, can get guided wave whole to select suitably to detect frequency
Propagation characteristic in a correlation frequency domain, enabling conveniently, intuitively using the time-frequency characteristic of multiple actual signals come excellent
Guided waves stimulating frequency is selected, is occurred and reality when selecting guided wave stimulating frequency to avoid the theory analysis based on dispersion curve
Unmatched problem between the Guided waves of border, moreover it is possible to readily obtain the analysis frequency of Guided waves.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the utility model embodiment 1 is parallel to the section of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
Figure.
Fig. 2 is the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe vertical of the utility model embodiment 1 in the section of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
Figure.
Fig. 3 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the utility model embodiment 1 shows the shaft side figure at the top of outer casing.
Fig. 4 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the utility model embodiment 1 shows the shaft side figure of outer casing bottom.
Fig. 5 is the axonometric drawing of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 6 is the front view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 7 is the vertical view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 1 is popped one's head in.
Fig. 8 is the side view of piezoelectric chip during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 1 is popped one's head in.
The piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of Fig. 9 the utility model embodiments 1 is in the flat of the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail
Face schematic diagram.
The piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of Figure 10 the utility model embodiments 1 in the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail three
Tie up schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is the enlarged drawing at A in Figure 10.
Figure 12 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the utility model embodiment 1 is integrated in one with signal excitation and receive capabilities
The schematic diagram of the external equipment connection in a channel.
Figure 13 be the utility model embodiment 2 two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probe respectively with the excitation channel of external equipment
The schematic diagram connected with receiving channel.
Figure 14 be the utility model embodiment 3 two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probe respectively with external excitation equipment and outside
The schematic diagram of receiving device connection.
Figure 15 is the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe placement of the utility model embodiment 4 in the flat of rail flange of rail both sides upper surface
Face schematic diagram.
Figure 16 is the pressure of each interface and a piezoelectric unit during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 5 is popped one's head in
The schematic diagram of electric chip connection.
Figure 17 is that the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the utility model embodiment 6 is parallel to the section of piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
Figure.
Figure 18 is that two interfaces are sharp with external equipment respectively during the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the utility model embodiment 6 is popped one's head in
The schematic diagram that hair channel is connected with receiving channel.
Figure 19 be the utility model embodiment 7 piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe in two interfaces respectively with external excitation equipment
The schematic diagram connected with external reception equipment.
Wherein, 1- outer casings, 2- interfaces, 3- piezoelectric chips, 4- cables, 5- damping blocks, 6- sound-absorbing filler objects, 7- bullets
Property element, 8- internal layer shells, 9- piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probe, 10- rail, 11- external equipments, 12- external excitation equipment, 13-
External reception equipment.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the implementation of the utility model
Mode is without being limited thereto.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is present embodiments provided, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be used for the rail flange of rail
Flaw detection, compensate for conventional ultrasonic wave steel rail flaw detection technology rail flange of rail two side areas there are large area detect a flaw blind area defect,
And single detecting distance is long, and for typical single detecting distance up to ten meters to tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient.
As shown in Figure 1 to 4, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the present embodiment include 1, five piezoelectric unit of outer casing with
And an interface 2, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip 3, cable 4, damping block 5, sound-absorbing filler object 6,7 and of elastic element
Internal layer shell 8.
As shown in Fig. 5~Fig. 8, the piezoelectric chip 3 selects the piezoelectric ceramic piece for length direction vibration mode (LE moulds),
The specific piezoelectric ceramic piece for selecting PZT-5 type length direction vibration modes, vibration mode can see from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6；Piezoelectricity
The cathode bound edge of chip 3, total length L 16mm, effective length l are 14mm, and width w is 4mm, thickness d 1mm, the piezoelectricity
Chip 3 has good response in the range of 10kHz~300kHz, can meet the excitation of guided wave within the scope of conventional frequency and connect
It receives, when encapsulation, the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel with horizontal plane, and is parallel in the outer one side of direction of vibration and is covered with
Protective film is parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and is close to damping block 5, and protective film is by sound translative performance and excellent wear-resisting property
Material is made, at the same have preferable rigidity with protect in use piezoelectric chip 3 it is without damage.
The cable 4 preferably uses coaxial wire, for five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 to be connected with interface 2.
The damping block 5 is arranged in internal layer shell 8, in the present embodiment, since piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to direction of vibration
Inner one side is close to damping block 5, thus piezoelectric chip 3 some be also disposed in internal layer shell 8, damping block 5 can be
The vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 provides damping to reduce pulse width, improve resolution ratio, and is provided a supporting role for piezoelectric chip 3.
The sound-absorbing filler object 6 is filled between damping block 5 and internal layer shell 8, is mainly used for absorption piezoelectric chip 3 and is supported or opposed
The sound wave of face (being parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration) transmission is to reduce impulsive noise signal.
The elastic element 7 is arranged between internal layer shell 8 and outer casing 1, and elastic element 7 can be spring, spring leaf
Or elastic filler, it is preferred to use spring, the effect that transmission is provided, balances external pressure, and make outer casing 1 and inner layer case
Body 8 can when activity is to ensure detection relatively for a small range piezoelectric chip 3 can with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail is intact contacts.
The internal layer shell 8 be arranged in outer casing 1, for by piezoelectric chip 3, damping block 5, sound-absorbing filler object 6 into
Row encapsulation.
The interface 2 can connect with cable 4 for that can be BNC or MCX interfaces, that is, realize through cable 4 and five pieces
Piezoelectric chip 3 connects.
In the present embodiment, five piezoelectric units are divided into one group of piezoelectric unit group, that is to say, that are being parallel to piezoelectric chip 3
There was only this group of piezoelectric unit group on the longitudinal direction of direction of vibration, as can see from Figure 1；It is vibrated perpendicular to piezoelectric chip 3
On the horizontal direction in direction, five piezoelectric units in this group of piezoelectric unit group are arranged side by side, and are packaged in the inside of outer casing 1
And bottom, as can see from Figure 2；The piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of the present embodiment is popped one's head in for the side upper table face paste with the rail flange of rail
It closes, the bottom outside face of outer casing 1 is formed to the curved surface that can be bonded with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail, in the piezoelectricity list
After tuple encapsulation, five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 are transversely arranged preferably to contact effect on the curved surface to reach, can from Fig. 4
It arrives.
The present embodiment is detected the side of the rail flange of rail, as shown in Fig. 9~Figure 11, by piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
It is placed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, is scheming
It can be seen that 9 projection on 10 cross section of rail of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe in 9, when detection, 9 are popped one's head in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave
Top applies certain pressure so that the piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be tightly attached to being somebody's turn to do for 10 flange of rail of rail
Side upper surface；As shown in figure 12, the interface 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is connected to external equipment 11, which can
For ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection instrument, or the other equipment with signal excitation and/or receive capabilities, the external equipment of the present embodiment
11 be specially the external equipment that signal excitation and receive capabilities are integrated in a channel, in the detection, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
Piezoelectric chip 3, by inverse piezoelectric effect realize guided wave excitation, and pass through piezoelectric effect realize guided wave reception.
The present embodiment is led after the interface 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is connected to external equipment 11 in conjunction with piezoelectric supersonic
Wave probe 9 and selected piezoelectric chip 3 select suitable detection frequency to carry out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
The suitable detection frequency of selection carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination, specifically includes：
1) ultrasonic guided wave detecting upper frequency limit is chosen according to detection demand and lower-frequency limit, upper frequency limit is denoted as fU, frequency
Lower limit is denoted as fL, the frequency range between them is denoted as [fL, fU]。
2) frequency range [f between upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limitL, fU] in by Δ f at equal intervals separate several frequencies
It is f that point, which is used as measuring point, several Frequency points,L+ Δ f, fL+ 2* Δs f, fL+ 3* Δs f ... ..., fU。
3) Guided waves are carried out by stimulating frequency of the measuring point respectively.
Data are handled for convenience, the present embodiment can carry out guided wave by stimulating frequency of the measuring point respectively
Before detection, the triggering moment and guided wave signals sample frequency of detection are set so that the guided wave of each measuring point receives leads in signal
The time tag of wave excitation instant is identical, and the guided wave reception signal sampling frequencies of each Guided waves are consistent.
If being not provided with the triggering moment of detection before carrying out Guided waves as stimulating frequency using the measuring point respectively
With guided wave signals sample frequency, it is necessary to after carrying out Guided waves as stimulating frequency using the measuring point respectively, guided wave be connect
The time shaft translation of the collection of letters number, so that the time tag that all guided waves receive guided wave excitation instant in signal is identical, and will sampling
It is down-sampled that the high guided wave of frequency receives signal so that the sample frequency that all guided waves receive signal is consistent, and Minimum sample rate
Meet the requirement of sampling thheorem.
4) signal is received to the guided wave of each measuring point and carries out time frequency analysis T (f, t) respectively, obtained each measuring point guided wave and receive
The time frequency analysis result A of signali(i=1,2,3 ...).
5) by upper frequency limit fU, lower-frequency limit fLAnd frequency range [the fL, fU] in the time frequency analysis knot that detects every time
Fruit Ai(i=1,2,3 ...) is unfolded using time, frequency as axis respectively, and the value of corresponding time point, Frequency point is separately summed, and is painted
Make the guided wave time frequency analysis figure that stimulating frequency in Guided waves corresponds to the frequency range.
6) according to the guided wave modal of guided wave time frequency analysis figure, judge whether to need to the frequency sub-band in the frequency range into
8) row further analysis, if so, entering step 7), otherwise enters step.
In this step, it if the guided wave modal of guided wave time frequency analysis figure is excessively complicated, needs in the frequency range
Frequency sub-band be further analyzed.
7) frequency sub-band is chosen and respectively using the bound of the frequency sub-band as upper frequency limit and lower-frequency limit, return to step
2), to repaint out guided wave time frequency analysis figure.
8) according to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, preferably go out suitable guided wave stimulating frequency and analysis frequency/frequency range carries out ultrasound
Guided wave rail examination, specially：Guided wave time frequency analysis figure can intuitively show different guided wave modals being distributed, by force in each frequency range
Degree and Dispersion Characteristics, whether the guided wave modal quantity shown according to guided wave time frequency analysis figure, guided wave modal easily identify, amplitude,
Preferably go out suitable guided wave stimulating frequency and analysis frequency by integrating the principles such as guided wave modal quantity is few, easy to identify, amplitude is ideal
Rate/frequency range carries out supersonic guide-wave rail examination.
After processing through the above steps, preferably go out the centre frequency that 62kHz is excited as guided wave, 20~220kHz conducts
Guide wave flaw detection analyzes frequency, and rail flange of rail ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection is completed with this.
Embodiment 2：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, as shown in figure 13, to steel
The side of the rail flange of rail is detected, but piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is two, and two piezoelectric supersonic guided waves probes 9 are placed on
The side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, when detection,
9 top of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe applies certain pressure so that the piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can be tight
It is affixed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail；The interface 2 of two piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes 9 is respectively connected to external equipment 11
Excitation channel and receiving channel, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 being connected with the excitation channel of external equipment 11, are pressed in the detection
Electric chip 3 realizes that the excitation of guided wave, the piezoelectric supersonic being connected with the receiving channel of external equipment 11 are led by inverse piezoelectric effect
Wave probe 9, the reception that piezoelectric chip 3 passes through piezoelectric effect realization guided wave in the detection.
Embodiment 3：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, as shown in figure 14, by two
A piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is placed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, is detected to the side of the rail flange of rail, but outer
Portion's equipment includes external excitation equipment 12 and external reception equipment 13, the i.e. excitation of signal and receive capabilities, by different outsides
Equipment realizes that the interface 2 of two piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probes 9 is respectively connected to external excitation equipment 12 and external reception equipment
13, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave that is connected with external excitation equipment 12 probe 9, in the detection piezoelectric chip 3 pass through inverse piezoelectric effect
The excitation for realizing guided wave, the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 being connected with external reception equipment 13, piezoelectric chip 3 is logical in the detection
Cross the reception that piezoelectric effect realizes guided wave.
Embodiment 4：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is with embodiment 1, to the both sides of the rail flange of rail
It is detected, as shown in figure 15, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is individually positioned in the both sides upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that
The direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, in fig.15 it can be seen that piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is in steel
Projection on 10 cross section of rail, when detection, in the certain pressure of 9 top application of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe so that piezoelectric supersonic
The piezoelectric chip 3 of 9 bottoms of guided wave probe can be tightly attached to the both sides upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, and those skilled in the art can know
Road, 10 flange of rail both sides of rail can be detected simultaneously, also can successively detect successively.
Embodiment 5：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：As shown in figure 16, the interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is five, each
Interface 2 is connect by cable 4 with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be four, wherein
Three interfaces 2 are connected one to one by cable 4 and three pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 respectively, another interface 2 passes through cable 4
It is connect with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3；Interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be three, and first interface 2 passes through cable
Line 4 is connect with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and second interface 2 is connect by cable 4 with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and third interface is logical
Cable 4 is crossed to connect with one piece of piezoelectric chip 3；Interface 2 in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe can also be two, first interface
2 are connect by cable 4 with three pieces of piezoelectric chips 3, and second interface 2 is connect by cable 4 with two pieces of piezoelectric chips 3.Its
Remaining same embodiment 1,2,3 or 4.
Embodiment 6：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：Piezoelectric unit in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is ten, by ten piezoelectricity lists
Member is divided into two groups of piezoelectric unit groups, i.e. there are five piezoelectric units for every group of piezoelectric unit group tool, as shown in figure 17, two groups of piezoelectric units
Group is arranged on the longitudinal direction for being parallel to 3 direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip, and two groups of piezoelectric unit groups are packaged in outer casing 1
Inside and bottom, five piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group are perpendicular to the transverse direction side of 3 direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip
It is arranged side by side upwards, correspondingly, the interface 2 in the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of the present embodiment is two, one of which piezoelectricity list
Five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 in tuple are connect with an interface 2, five pieces of piezoelectric chips 3 in another group of piezoelectric unit group with it is another
A interface 2 connects.
As shown in figure 18, the present embodiment is detected the side of 10 flange of rail of rail, and piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 is placed
In the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail so that the direction of vibration of piezoelectric chip 3 is parallel to 10 length direction of rail, when detection,
Apply certain pressure above piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 so that 3 energy of piezoelectric chip of 9 bottoms of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe
It is tightly attached to the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail；Two interfaces 2 of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9 are respectively connected to external equipment 11
Excitation channel and receiving channel, five piezoelectric units being connected with the excitation channel of external equipment 11, piezoelectricity in the detection
Chip 3 is by the excitation of inverse piezoelectric effect realization guided wave, five piezoelectric units being connected with the receiving channel of external equipment 11,
Piezoelectric chip 3 realizes the reception of guided wave by piezoelectric effect in the detection, it will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that this implementation
Example can also be detected the both sides of 10 flange of rail of rail.
Embodiment 7：
The present embodiment is mainly characterized by：The structure of piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe as shown in figure 19, will be pressed with embodiment 6
Electric ultrasonic probe 9 is placed on the side upper surface of 10 flange of rail of rail, but external equipment includes external excitation equipment 12 and outer
Portion's receiving device 13, the i.e. excitation of signal and receive capabilities realized by different external equipment, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe 9
Two interfaces 2 are respectively connected to five piezoelectric units being connected with external excitation equipment 12, and piezoelectric chip 3 passes through in the detection
Inverse piezoelectric effect realizes the excitation of guided wave, five piezoelectric units being connected with external reception equipment 13, in the detection piezo crystals
Piece 3 realizes the reception of guided wave by piezoelectric effect.
In above-described embodiment 1~7, piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe is also mountable to outer clamp or other external mechanical devices
In, in order to the implementation of detection；In addition, in the case of conditions permit, increase in the transverse direction perpendicular to rail length direction
The quantity of piezoelectric unit is conducive to the excitation and reception of guided wave.
In conclusion the utility model is popped one's head in using the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave of piezoelectric type, it is easy to use and at low cost,
It is easy to spread, and each piezoelectric unit in piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe uses the piezo crystals of length direction vibration mode (LE moulds)
Piece has good response in the frequency range of ten kHz to hundreds of kHz, compensates for conventional ultrasonic wave rail examination skill
There are the defects of large area flaw detection blind area in rail flange of rail two side areas for art, and single detecting distance is long, typical single detection
For distance up to ten meters to tens of rice, flaw detection is efficient, sensitive when for flange of rail flaw detection compared with traditional ultrasonic probe
Degree and signal-to-noise ratio higher, single detecting distance is longer, can detect more Small loss.
The above, only the utility model patent preferred embodiment, but the protection domain of the utility model patent is simultaneously
Not limited to this, any one skilled in the art is in the range disclosed in the utility model patent, according to this
Technical solution and its utility model design of utility model patent are subject to equivalent substitution or change, including the use of ultrasonic guide wave flaw detection
Guided wave excitation and guided wave receive process have the characteristics that relative independentability, using the utility model be implemented separately guided wave excite,
Or guided wave reception is implemented separately, belong to the protection domain of the utility model patent.
Claims (8)
1. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Including outer casing, several piezoelectricity lists
First and at least one interface, each piezoelectric unit include piezoelectric chip and cable, and the piezoelectric chip shakes for length direction
The piezoelectric ceramic piece of dynamic model formula, piezoelectric chip is arranged in the bottom of outer casing, and direction of vibration is parallel with horizontal plane, described to connect
Mouth is arranged at the top of outer casing, and is connect with piezoelectric chip by cable.
2. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes damping block, and the damping block is arranged in outer casing, and it is outer that the piezoelectric chip is parallel to direction of vibration
One side on be covered with protective film, be parallel to the inner one side of direction of vibration and be close to damping block.
3. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 2 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes internal layer shell, and the internal layer shell is arranged in outer casing, and the damping block is arranged in internal layer shell.
4. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 3 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes sound-absorbing filler object, and the sound-absorbing filler object is filled between damping block and internal layer shell.
5. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 3 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：Each pressure
Electric unit further includes elastic element, and the elastic element is arranged between internal layer shell and outer casing.
6. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：If described
A dry piezoelectric unit is divided at least one set of piezoelectric unit group, and at least one set of piezoelectric unit group is being parallel to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
Longitudinal direction on be arranged, all piezoelectric units in every group of piezoelectric unit group are perpendicular to piezoelectric chip direction of vibration
It is arranged side by side on horizontal direction.
7. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe according to claim 1 for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail, it is characterised in that：It is described outer
The bottom outside face of layer shell forms the curved surface that can be bonded with the side upper surface of the rail flange of rail, several piezoelectric units
Piezoelectric chip is arranged on the curved surface.
8. the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave according to claim 1-7 any one of them for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail is popped one's head in, feature exists
In：When the interface is one, the piezoelectric chip of several piezoelectric units is connect by cable with the interface；The interface
For two or more when, each interface is connect with the piezoelectric chip of one of piezoelectric unit, or with plurality of piezoelectricity
The piezoelectric chip of unit connects.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820031299.0U CN207689437U (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | Piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe for the flaw detection of the rail flange of rail |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108088913A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-05-29 | 东莞理工学院 | For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection |
| US11892343B2 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2024-02-06 | Shenzhen Fugui Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. | Vibration sensor |
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2018
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108088913A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-05-29 | 东莞理工学院 | For the piezoelectric supersonic guided wave probe of rail flange of rail flaw detection and its method of detection |
| CN108088913B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2023-08-25 | 东莞理工学院 | Piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave probe for flaw detection of steel rail bottom and flaw detection method thereof |
| US11892343B2 (en) | 2020-10-30 | 2024-02-06 | Shenzhen Fugui Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. | Vibration sensor |
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Assignee: Guangdong Meisong New Material Co.,Ltd. Assignor: DONGGUAN University OF TECHNOLOGY Contract record no.: X2023980030287 Denomination of utility model: Piezoelectric ultrasonic guided wave probe for rail bottom flaw detection Granted publication date: 20180803 License type: Common License Record date: 20230110 |