CN106996903B - Test device and method for simulating deep-buried chamber rock burst - Google Patents
Test device and method for simulating deep-buried chamber rock burst Download PDFInfo
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- CN106996903B CN106996903B CN201710322478.XA CN201710322478A CN106996903B CN 106996903 B CN106996903 B CN 106996903B CN 201710322478 A CN201710322478 A CN 201710322478A CN 106996903 B CN106996903 B CN 106996903B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/0208—Specific programs of loading, e.g. incremental loading or pre-loading
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The test device comprises an elastic loading device, a test frame, a test model and a constraint device, wherein a chamber model with a certain shape is excavated in the center of the test model, the constraint device consists of a U-shaped constraint plate and two plugboards, the test model is arranged in the constraint device, and grouting medium is filled between the test model and the constraint device; the restraining device is arranged at the bottom of the test frame, the top of the restraining device is provided with a loading platform, the top of the test frame is provided with a jack, the elastic loading device is arranged between the loading platform and the jack and comprises a spring and disc-shaped spring pieces sleeved on the spring, and every two disc-shaped spring pieces are oppositely arranged, so that every two disc-shaped spring pieces form a group of ellipsoidal elastic bodies. According to the invention, the disc-shaped spring pieces are used as elastic loading bodies, when the test model is loaded to a certain stress condition, one disc-shaped spring piece in a certain group of elastic bodies is sent to be turned over relatively, so that the stress unloading of surrounding rock of the test model is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to research on a rock burst occurrence rule, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating rock burst of a deep-buried chamber.
Background
The rock burst is a common power damage phenomenon in deep-buried underground engineering construction, and when the accumulated high elastic strain energy in the rock mass is larger than the energy consumed by rock damage, the rock burst and ejection are caused, and the phenomena of rock mass ejection, bang, air wave and the like are often accompanied. Rock burst often causes the problems of serious damage, equipment damage, personnel casualties and the like of an excavated working surface, and has become a worldwide difficult problem in the fields of rock underground engineering and rock mechanics.
For the reasons why rock burst occurs, the general view is as follows: (1) The large strain energy is stored in the rock mass, and the part of energy exceeds the strength of the rock itself; (2) The surrounding rock is a hard rock which is fresh and complete, has few cracks or only hidden cracks and has higher brittleness and elasticity; (3) The method has the advantages of large burial depth and less groundwater, and is easy to occur in the zone where local stress concentration is caused by the change of the excavation section. It should be noted that the first two conditions are natural conditions of the underground works, and the third condition is stress unloading and redistribution caused by the construction of the underground works. Summarizing the above conditions, it was found that the probability of rock burst occurrence increases dramatically when underground works are under hard rock-high stress-unloading (or disturbance).
In order to simulate the occurrence of rock burst and explore the generation and development rules of rock burst, various geomechanical model test systems are developed by a plurality of students at home and abroad. Aiming at the phenomenon of insufficient elastic energy supplement in the traditional spring loading system and oil-gas composite loading system, the invention patent with the application number of 201310425911.4 discloses a simple simulation test system for rock burst of a deeply buried tunnel, and the system is loaded in a rebound manner through a counterforce frame screw rod, so that the defects of the method are overcome; the invention patent with application number 201310336255.0 provides a true triaxial rock burst physical simulation test system aiming at the defect that a conventional test system cannot simulate the rock burst real boundary condition. The development and improvement of the equipment promote the research of the rock burst problem. However, the method has a common disadvantage that the stress of surrounding rock before the burst of rock can not be truly simulated to be quickly unloaded. The rock burst is taken as a severe rock dynamic damage phenomenon, and the explosion tunneling of adjacent chambers is easy to induce the occurrence of the rock burst, so that the development of a simulation test device for the occurrence of the rock burst during 'sudden unloading' is very necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device and a test method for simulating rock burst of a deep-buried chamber, and the device can truly simulate surrounding rock stress to be rapidly unloaded when the rock burst occurs.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for achieving the purpose is as follows: the device comprises an elastic loading device, a test frame, a test model and a constraint device, wherein a chamber model with a certain shape is excavated in the center of the test model, the constraint device consists of a U-shaped constraint plate and two plugboards connected to two opposite exposed ends of the U-shaped constraint plate, the test model is arranged in the constraint device, and grouting medium is filled between the test model and the inner wall of the constraint device; the device is characterized in that the restraint device is arranged at the bottom of the test frame, a loading platform is arranged at the top of the restraint device, a jack which is arranged corresponding to the loading platform is arranged at the top of the test frame, the elastic loading device is arranged between the loading platform and the jack, the elastic loading device comprises a spring and a disc-shaped spring piece sleeved on the spring, every two disc-shaped spring pieces are oppositely arranged, each two disc-shaped spring pieces form a group of ellipsoidal elastic bodies, and when the jack is pressed down to apply pressure to the test model to a certain extent through the elastic loading device and the loading platform, one disc-shaped spring piece in a certain group of elastic bodies can send relative overturning, so that the stress unloading of surrounding rock of the test model is realized.
The elastic bodies are at least five groups, the center of each group of elastic bodies is connected with the springs in a tensioning state, and the disc-shaped spring pieces in the elastic bodies at the upper end and the lower end are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the springs.
In the invention, the test model is formed by pouring gypsum and mica.
The U-shaped constraint plate consists of a bottom plate and two side plates connected to two opposite sides of the bottom plate, and the edge of the bottom plate is provided with a plugging groove for plugging the two side plates; the edges of the two side plates are provided with inserting grooves for connecting the two inserting plates.
Wherein, the U-shaped constraint plate and the two plugboards are provided with grouting holes.
The test frame comprises an upper bearing platform and a lower bearing platform which are horizontally arranged, the lower bearing platform is arranged below the upper bearing platform, a longitudinal screw rod is connected between the upper bearing platform and the lower bearing platform, and fixing bolts are arranged on the longitudinal screw rods located on the upper side and the lower side of the upper bearing platform and on the longitudinal screw rods located on the upper side and the lower side of the lower bearing platform.
The disc-shaped spring piece at the lowest end of the elastic loading device is fixed on a loading platform, and the size of the loading platform is smaller than that of the cross section of the constraint device.
The method for utilizing the test device for simulating the rock burst of the deep-buried chamber comprises the following steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a test model matched with the internal shape of a restraint device, reserving a chamber model penetrating through two opposite side walls of the test model in the center of the test model, arranging the chamber model and the bottom wall of a U-shaped restraint plate in parallel, assembling the U-shaped restraint plate and two plugboards into the restraint device, putting the prefabricated test model into the restraint device, filling grouting medium between the outer wall of the test model and the inner wall of the restraint device, and placing the restraint device on a test frame;
and secondly, placing a loading platform and an elastic loading device on the constraint device, pressing the elastic loading device down through a jack, and observing the bursting condition of the test model after the disc-shaped spring piece in the elastic loading device suddenly overturns.
In the first step, the test model is rotated by a certain angle to enable the chamber model and the bottom wall of the U-shaped constraint plate to form a certain included angle, so that the test model is used for simulating the occurrence of rock burst in different stress directions.
In the invention, the first step is to remove the plugboard, and set the side wall of the test model to a certain radian for simulating the occurrence of rock burst under different conditions of adjacent chambers. The invention can simulate the occurrence of the explosion of the chamber group and the occurrence of the explosion in different stress directions.
The principle of the elastic loading device is that an important condition for the occurrence of rock burst in underground engineering is 'sudden unloading', a combined loading mode of a jack and a disc-shaped spring piece is adopted in the aspect of high stress simulation, a large amount of elastic energy is accumulated in the disc-shaped spring piece while load is transmitted to a test piece, and when the elastic energy is accumulated to a certain extent, the sudden overturning of the disc-shaped spring piece realizes the rock burst condition of 'sudden unloading'.
The beneficial effects are that: for the generation of rock burst, the general view is that: high stress, hard rock and disturbance are conditions under which rock burst occurs; according to the invention, the disc-shaped spring piece capable of suddenly turning is used as an elastic loading body, when a test model is loaded to a certain stress condition, the deformation of the disc-shaped spring piece also reaches critical displacement, after a certain load is applied, one of the two disc-shaped spring pieces which are arranged oppositely to form an ellipsoid can turn over, so that the extremely rapid unloading of the spring is caused, and the condition of rock burst occurrence is met. The device has the advantages of simple structure and convenient test operation, and is beneficial to the development of rock burst engineering tests and theories.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a right side elevational view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a restraint device;
FIG. 4 is a top view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simulated rock burst in different stress directions;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the disc spring.
Reference numerals: 1. the test frame comprises a test frame body, a U-shaped constraint plate, 20, a bottom plate, 21, side plates, 3, a plugboard, 4, a chamber model, 5, a loading platform, 6, a jack, 7, a spring, 8, a disc-shaped spring piece, 9, an elastomer, 10, a plug-in groove, 11, a grouting hole, 12, an upper bearing platform, 13, a lower bearing platform, 14, a longitudinal screw rod, 15, a fixing bolt, 16, a test model, 17 and a central hole.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the technical means, the creation characteristics and the achievement of the object of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the specific drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the specific embodiments.
A test device for simulating deep-buried chamber rock burst, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device comprises a spring loading device, a test frame 1, a test model 16 and a constraint device, wherein a chamber model 4 with a certain shape is excavated at the center of the test model 16, the test frame 1 comprises an upper bearing platform 12 and a lower bearing platform 13 which are horizontally arranged, the lower bearing platform 13 is arranged below the upper bearing platform 12, a longitudinal screw 14 is connected between the upper bearing platform 12 and the lower bearing platform 13, and fixing bolts 15 are arranged on the longitudinal screws 14 which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the upper bearing platform 12 and on the upper side and the lower side of the lower bearing platform 13.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the restraint device is composed of a U-shaped restraint plate 2 and two plugboards 3 connected to two opposite exposed ends of the U-shaped restraint plate 2, a test model 16 is placed in the restraint device, and grouting medium is filled between the test model 16 and the inner wall of the restraint device, wherein the test model 16 is formed by pouring gypsum and mica. The U-shaped constraint plate 2 and the two plugboards 3 are respectively provided with a grouting hole for grouting the inside of the constraint device.
Two opposite side wall edges of the U-shaped constraint plate 2 and the edge of the bottom of the U-shaped constraint plate 2 are provided with inserting grooves for inserting the inserting plugboards 3. The U-shaped constraint plate 2 consists of a bottom plate 20 and two side plates 21 connected to two opposite sides of the bottom plate 20, and the edge of the bottom plate 20 is provided with a plugging groove for plugging two plugboards 3; the edges of the two side plates 21 are provided with inserting grooves for connecting the two inserting plates 3.
In the invention, a restraint device is arranged at the bottom of a test frame 1, a loading platform 5 is arranged at the top of the restraint device, a jack 6 which is arranged corresponding to the loading platform 5 is arranged at the top of the test frame 1, an elastic loading device is arranged between the loading platform 5 and the jack 6, and the elastic loading device comprises a spring 7 and a disc-shaped spring piece 8 sleeved on the spring 7.
Every two dish spring pieces 8 are oppositely arranged, so that every two dish spring pieces 8 form a group of ellipsoidal elastic bodies 9, and when the jack 6 is pressed down to apply pressure to the test model 16 to a certain extent through the elastic loading device and the loading platform 5, one dish spring piece 8 in a certain group of elastic bodies 9 can send relative overturning, so that the stress unloading of surrounding rock of the test model 16 is realized. The lowest dished spring plate 8 of the spring loading device is fixed on the loading platform 5, and the size of the loading platform 5 is smaller than the size of the cross section of the constraint device. Preferably, the elastic bodies 9 are at least five groups, the center of each group of elastic bodies 9 is connected with the spring 7 in a tensioning state, the center of the disc-shaped spring piece 8 is provided with a center hole 17 used for being penetrated on the spring 7, and the disc-shaped spring pieces 8 in the elastic bodies 9 at the upper end and the lower end are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the spring 7.
A method for simulating a test device for a deep-seated chamber rock burst, comprising the steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a test model 16 matched with the internal shape of a restraint device, reserving a chamber model 4 penetrating through two opposite side walls of the test model 16 at the center of the test model 16, assembling a U-shaped restraint plate 2 and two plugboards 3 into the restraint device, putting the prefabricated test model 16 into the restraint device, filling grouting medium between the outer wall of the test model 16 and the inner wall of the restraint device, and placing the restraint device on a test frame 1; in the embodiment, the chamber model 4 can be in a cylindrical shape, a square shape and the like, and in the drawings of the invention, only the shape that the bottom of the chamber model 4 is square and the upper part is in an arc structure is listed, and when simulating the stress in the vertical downward direction, the bottom wall of the chamber model 4 is arranged in parallel with the bottom wall of the U-shaped constraint plate 2;
and secondly, placing a loading platform 5 and an elastic loading device on the constraint device, pressing the elastic loading device down through a jack 6, and observing the bursting condition of the test model 16 after the disc-shaped spring piece 8 in the elastic loading device suddenly overturns. Wherein the overturning process of the disc-shaped spring piece 8 is shown in fig. 6.
In the first step of the invention, the test model 16 is rotated by a certain angle, so that the bottom wall of the chamber model 4 forms a certain angle with the bottom wall of the U-shaped restraint plate 2, namely, the plane of the bottom plate 20 (see alpha marked in fig. 5), and the test model is used for simulating the occurrence of rock burst in different stress directions.
In the invention, the first step can be replaced by removing the plugboard, polishing the cast gypsum model into a certain shape, and setting the side wall of the test model 16 to a certain radian, as shown in fig. 5, for simulating the occurrence of rock burst under different conditions of adjacent chambers.
According to the invention, by utilizing the special deformation characteristic of the dish-shaped spring piece, the test model is suddenly unloaded when being loaded to a certain condition, so that the condition of rock burst occurrence is met; the invention can also adjust the rigidity of the disc spring according to the strength of the test model, thereby more systematically researching the occurrence rule of the rock burst, simulating the occurrence of the rock burst of the chamber group, and simulating the occurrence of the rock burst in different stress directions.
Claims (8)
1. A test device for simulating deep-buried chamber rock burst, its characterized in that: the device comprises an elastic loading device, a test frame, a test model and a constraint device, wherein a chamber model with a certain shape is excavated in the center of the test model, the constraint device consists of a U-shaped constraint plate and two plugboards connected to two opposite exposed ends of the U-shaped constraint plate, the test model is arranged in the constraint device, and grouting medium is filled between the test model and the inner wall of the constraint device; the device comprises a test frame, a constraint device, a loading platform, a jack, an elastic loading device, a spring, a plurality of disc-shaped spring pieces, a plurality of elastic bodies and a control unit, wherein the constraint device is arranged at the bottom of the test frame;
the elastic bodies are at least five groups, the center of each group of elastic bodies is connected with the spring in a tensioning state, and the disc-shaped spring pieces in the elastic bodies at the upper end and the lower end are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the upper end and the lower end of the spring; the test model is formed by pouring gypsum and mica.
2. A test device for simulating a deep-buried chamber rock burst as defined in claim 1, wherein: two opposite side wall edges of the U-shaped constraint plate and the edge of the bottom of the U-shaped constraint plate are provided with inserting grooves for inserting plates.
3. A test device for simulating a deep-seated chamber rock burst according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: grouting holes are formed in the U-shaped constraint plate and the two plugboards.
4. A test device for simulating a deep-buried chamber rock burst as defined in claim 1, wherein: the test frame comprises an upper bearing platform and a lower bearing platform which are horizontally arranged, the lower bearing platform is arranged below the upper bearing platform, a longitudinal screw rod is connected between the upper bearing platform and the lower bearing platform, and fixing bolts are arranged on the longitudinal screw rods located on the upper side and the lower side of the upper bearing platform and on the longitudinal screw rods located on the upper side and the lower side of the lower bearing platform.
5. A test device for simulating a deep-buried chamber rock burst as defined in claim 1, wherein: the disk spring piece at the lowest end of the elastic loading device is fixed on a loading platform, and the size of the loading platform is smaller than that of the cross section of the constraint device.
6. A method of using the test apparatus for simulating a deep-seated chamber rock burst of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, manufacturing a test model matched with the internal shape of a restraint device, reserving a chamber model penetrating through two opposite side walls of the test model in the center of the test model, arranging the chamber model and the bottom wall of a U-shaped restraint plate in parallel, assembling the U-shaped restraint plate and two plugboards into the restraint device, putting the prefabricated test model into the restraint device, filling grouting medium between the outer wall of the test model and the inner wall of the restraint device, and placing the restraint device on a test frame;
and secondly, placing a loading platform and an elastic loading device on the constraint device, pressing the elastic loading device down through a jack, and observing the bursting condition of the test model after the disc-shaped spring piece in the elastic loading device suddenly overturns.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: in the first step, the test model is rotated by a certain angle to enable the chamber model and the bottom wall of the U-shaped constraint plate to form a certain included angle, so that the experimental model is used for simulating the occurrence of rock burst in different stress directions.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: and the first step is to remove the plugboard, and set the side wall of the test model to a certain radian for simulating the occurrence of rock burst under different conditions of adjacent chambers.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107505206B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2023-11-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Automatic multifunctional test system and method for testing bearing performance of soil layer anti-pulling foundation |
| CN107917841A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-04-17 | 重庆交通大学 | One kind simulation region of high stress Underground Engineering Excavation rock burst experimental rig and method |
| CN108387450B (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2019-01-25 | 四川大学 | The different long-term mechanical behavior indoor simulation methods of adit digging condition deep wall rock |
| CN108333049B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2024-01-26 | 洛阳理工学院 | Test model and test method for loading and then excavating deep underground chamber |
| CN108414348B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-05-26 | 绍兴文理学院 | True triaxial test system for testing rock and implementation method thereof |
| CN110864968B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-11-20 | 山东科技大学 | Stress gradient loading test device and method for accurately determining loading energy |
| CN113984535B (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-05-20 | 中国矿业大学 | Deep rock mass rockburst dynamic disaster simulation device and test method |
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| WO2013143151A1 (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2013-10-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Experiment method for simulated impact-type rock burst |
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| WO2013143151A1 (en) * | 2012-03-31 | 2013-10-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Experiment method for simulated impact-type rock burst |
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