CN111380760A - Tunnel blasting excavation model test system and method - Google Patents
Tunnel blasting excavation model test system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111380760A CN111380760A CN202010238844.5A CN202010238844A CN111380760A CN 111380760 A CN111380760 A CN 111380760A CN 202010238844 A CN202010238844 A CN 202010238844A CN 111380760 A CN111380760 A CN 111380760A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0617—Electrical or magnetic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel blasting excavation model test system and a method, which comprises the following steps: and (4) modeling a box: the box cover is used for placing similar materials, the top of the box cover is provided with an opening, the two opposite first box walls are provided with horizontal loading pieces and used for applying horizontal loads to the similar materials, the box cover can be arranged at the position of the opening at the top, the bottom surface of the box cover is provided with vertical loading pieces and used for applying vertical loads to the similar materials, and the other two opposite second box walls are provided with openings; a monitoring element: for embedding inside similar materials inside a mold box; excavating a part: comprises an electric spark blasting piece and an excavation tool; a spraying piece: the test system can simulate a real tunnel blasting construction environment and has reference significance for researching the influence of blasting construction on surrounding buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground rock mass construction, in particular to a tunnel blasting excavation model test system and method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Along with rapid development of economy, traffic flow is greatly increased, urban rail transit is continuously expanded, the number of super-large section small clear distance tunnels is increased year by year and limited by lines, buried depths and the like, adjacent tunnels are larger and closer in section and closer in distance, surrounding rock grades are poorer and poorer, and great construction difficulty and safety risks are brought to site construction. Due to the limited engineering conditions, a large part of the tunnels need to be excavated by blasting, and the shock effect generated by blasting can endanger the safety of surrounding buildings. The inventor finds out how to predict and control the blasting vibration effect to ensure the safety of the building, and the method becomes an important subject to be solved urgently in the current tunnel engineering and blasting engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to study the effect of tunnel blasting on surface buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a tunnel blasting excavation model test system, can effectively research the influence of tunnel blasting and excavation on rock masses, has reference function for ensuring the safety of buildings,
in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel blasting excavation model testing system, including:
and (4) modeling a box: the top of the box cover is provided with a horizontal loading piece for applying horizontal load to the similar materials, the box cover can be arranged at the position of the top opening, the bottom surface of the box cover is provided with a vertical loading piece for applying vertical load to the similar materials, and the other two opposite second box walls are provided with openings for excavating the similar materials in the model box;
a monitoring element: the device is used for being buried in similar materials in a model box and used for detecting displacement, stress, strain and pressure information of the similar materials;
excavating a part: the device is used for excavating a tunnel model and comprises an electric spark blasting piece and an excavating tool, wherein the electric spark blasting piece is used for blasting and crushing similar materials, and the excavating tool is used for excavating the crushed similar materials;
a spraying piece: the device is used for spraying supporting materials to the inner wall of the excavated tunnel model.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a working method of a super-large section small-clearance blasting excavation model test system, including the following steps:
step 1: laying similar materials in a model box in a layering mode, burying a monitoring element at a set position in the laying process of the similar materials, and applying set horizontal load and vertical load to the similar materials by using a horizontal loading piece and a vertical loading piece after the similar materials are laid;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of excavating two tunnel models in similar materials through an opening in the second box wall of a model box and through holes in a transparent acrylic plate, synchronously excavating the two tunnel models, adopting step-by-step excavation in the excavation process, firstly crushing the similar materials by using an electric spark blasting piece in each step of excavation, then excavating the crushed similar materials by using an excavation tool to form the tunnel models, finally constructing an arch frame in the tunnel and spraying a supporting material on the inner wall of the tunnel model by using a spraying piece, supporting the inner wall of the tunnel model by using the arch frame, and monitoring displacement, stress, strain and pressure information of the similar materials in real time by using a monitoring element in the excavation process of the tunnel model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the model test system can effectively simulate the construction process of tunnel excavation and support through the electric spark blasting piece, the excavation tool and the injection piece, simulate the external load borne by surrounding rocks by using the horizontal loading piece and the vertical loading piece, truly simulate the field construction environment of the tunnel, and simultaneously collect the information of displacement, strain, stress and the like of similar materials in the tunnel model excavation process by using the monitoring element in real time, provide reference data for researching the influence of tunnel excavation on buildings, and make up the defects in the field of tunnel blasting excavation model tests.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the whole structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the distribution of soil pressure cells in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the resistive strain bricks in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic distribution diagram of a fiber grating displacement sensor according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of an excavation sequence of a tunnel model in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the device comprises a first box wall part, a connecting part, a second box wall part, a horizontal hydraulic jack, a horizontal connecting rod, a first connecting piece, a horizontal push plate, a base, a box cover, a vertical hydraulic jack, a vertical connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a vertical connecting piece, a vertical push plate, a transparent acrylic plate, a through hole, a tunnel model, a resistance type strain brick, a fiber bragg grating displacement sensor, an arch frame, a triangular connecting piece and a middle rock wall position, wherein the first box wall part is 1, the connecting part is 2, the second box wall part is 3, the horizontal hydraulic jack is 4, the first connecting rod is 5, the first connecting piece is 6, the.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
For convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As described in the background art, how to predict and control the impact of blasting vibration effect on buildings in tunnel engineering and blasting engineering is an important issue to be solved urgently, and related testing equipment is lacking at present.
An exemplary embodiment of the present application, in example 1, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, there is provided a tunnel blasting excavation model test system including: mold boxes, box covers, monitoring elements, excavating parts and spray parts.
The open setting in model case top for place similar material, including four tank walls of base 8 and welded fastening in four edges of base, four tank walls are two first tank walls that set up relatively and two other relative second tank walls that set up respectively.
The first tank wall comprises a first tank wall portion 1, the first tank wall portion comprises four first steel plates which are arranged in a rectangular mode, and a plurality of vertical steel plates and transverse steel plates which are arranged in a vertical cross mode are arranged inside the four first steel plates. The first steel sheet that is located the lower part and base welded fastening, two connecting portion 2 have all been welded to the first steel sheet lateral surface of two vertical settings, and connecting portion include three horizontal steel sheet and three vertical steel sheet, horizontal steel sheet and second tank wall welded fastening.
The second box wall 3 comprises four second steel plates which are distributed in a rectangular shape, the second steel plates positioned at the lower part are fixedly welded with the base, and a plurality of vertical steel plates and transverse steel plates which are vertically crossed are arranged in the four second steel plates.
The first box wall and the second box wall are arranged in this way, a plurality of appearance holes are formed, and the leading-out of the lines of the monitoring elements embedded in similar materials is facilitated.
Two both sides edge all is provided with six level loading pieces around the first tank wall medial surface, the level loading piece adopts 100 tons of horizontal hydraulic jack 4, horizontal hydraulic jack and the one end fixed connection of head rod 5, the other end and the 6 fixed connection of head rod, the head rod include with head rod fixed connection's first fixed plate, the one end fixed connection of first fixed plate and a plurality of trapezoidal boards, the other end and the 7 fixed connection of horizontal push pedal of a plurality of trapezoidal boards.
The horizontal hydraulic jack is capable of applying a uniform load to similar materials through a horizontal push plate.
It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the horizontal loading member may be a hydraulic cylinder, a linear motor or an electric push rod, so long as the horizontal loading member can output the horizontal loading.
The box cover 9 can close the top opening of the model box and comprises four third steel plates which are distributed in a rectangular mode, and a plurality of vertical steel plates and transverse steel plates which are vertically crossed are arranged inside the four third steel plates. Four angles departments of case lid lower surface still are connected with triangle-shaped connecting piece 21 through bolt detachable, triangle-shaped connecting piece can be dismantled with the second tank wall through the bolt and be connected, realizes dismantling of case lid and mold box and is connected, edge all is provided with six vertical loading pieces around the case lid lower surface, vertical loading piece adopts 100 tons of vertical hydraulic jack 10, vertical hydraulic jack and the one end fixed connection of second connecting rod 11, the other end and the 12 fixed connection of second connecting piece of second connecting rod, second connecting piece and vertical push pedal 13 fixed connection, the second connecting piece is the same with the structure of first connecting piece, does not describe in detail here.
The vertical loading piece can apply even vertical load to similar materials through the vertical push plate.
It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the vertical load member may be a hydraulic cylinder or a linear motor or an electric push rod, as long as the vertical load can be output.
It can be understood that the horizontal loading pieces and the vertical loading pieces can be arranged in other numbers, and the loading requirements can be met.
Two set up the opening of the rectangle of coaxial setting on the first tank wall, and the medial surface of first tank wall is fixed with transparent inferior gram force board 14, set up a plurality ofly on the transparent inferior gram force board and treat excavation tunnel model section shape assorted through-hole 15, in this embodiment, the through-hole sets up two, and through-hole shape and height are the same, and two through-hole intervals are 2/3 of through-hole width.
The monitoring element comprises a fiber grating displacement sensor, a resistance type strain brick and a soil pressure box.
The fiber bragg grating sensors are at least embedded five, the fiber bragg grating sensors are fixed on the flexible measuring wires, the flexible measuring wires are located inside the protective pipe, the protective pipe is used for being embedded in similar materials, and the flexible measuring wires are made of flexible metal wires. The fiber grating sensor can be connected with an external controller through a grating data acquisition instrument, when similar materials displace, the flexible measuring wire can move, the flexible measuring wire drives the grating fiber sensor to convert displacement signals into optical signals, and the optical signals are converted into digital signals through the grating data acquisition instrument and transmitted to the controller.
The resistance type strain bricks comprise single-side resistance type strain bricks and three-side resistance type strain bricks, the single-side resistance type strain bricks are used for monitoring the changes of the stress and the strain of the similar materials in a single-side three-direction mode in real time when the tunnel model is excavated, and the three-side resistance type strain bricks are used for monitoring the changes of the stress and the strain of the rock wall in real time when the tunnel model is excavated. The resistance strain brick is a cube structure made of similar materials by scaling and then compacting. In this embodiment, the cube structure is 3cmX3cmX3cm, the three-way strain gauge is adhered to one surface of the single-sided resistive strain brick, and the three-sided resistive strain brick is adhered to each of three surfaces surrounding a vertex by taking one corner as the vertex. The resistance type strain brick is connected with an external controller and can transmit collected stress and strain information to the external controller.
The soil pressure cell is a BW type soil pressure cell with the measuring range of 1Mpa and the overall dimension of 16mm and the thickness of 4.8mm, and is used for detecting the pressure of similar materials. The soil pressure cell is connected with the external controller, and can transmit the collected pressure information to the external controller.
The excavation part is used for excavating a tunnel model and comprises an electric spark blasting part and an excavation tool, the electric spark blasting part is used for blasting and crushing similar materials, and the excavation tool is used for excavating the crushed similar materials;
in this embodiment, the electric spark blasting piece adopts a TS-ZY1000D portable electric spark source, and can explode through high-voltage pulse discharge of the electrode to break similar materials and control pulse discharge energy to control the blasting effect of the similar materials.
The excavation tool adopts a Luoyang shovel.
The injection part comprises a slurry pump, a liquid inlet of the slurry pump is connected with a slurry box through a pipeline, the slurry box is used for containing supporting materials, a liquid outlet of the slurry pump is connected with a spray head through a slurry pipe, the slurry pump can drive the supporting materials in the slurry box to be sprayed out through the slurry pipe and the spray head according to set pressure, the supporting materials are sprayed to the inner wall of the excavated tunnel model, and the tunnel model is sprayed and supported.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a method of a tunnel blasting excavation model test system, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: laying similar materials in a model box in a layered mode, and burying monitoring elements at set positions in the laying process of the similar materials;
when the similar material is prepared, various raw materials are accurately weighed according to the similar material proportion of the surrounding rock, firstly, barite powder, sand and calcium carbonate which are used as aggregates are added into a stirring machine, after the materials are uniformly stirred, cementing agent cement, chlorinated paraffin and regulator silicone oil are added, a set amount of water is added, and the similar material for experiments is obtained after the materials are stirred.
The prepared similar materials are paved inside the model box layer by layer in a layered adjustment mode, and the filling height of each layer is 10 cm.
During the layup of similar materials, monitoring elements are arranged at set positions.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, setting two sections at positions 20cm and 30cm away from an excavation starting point of a tunnel model respectively, and arranging monitoring elements at the two sections.
In this embodiment, the arrangement of the soil pressure cells 16 is as shown in fig. 4, three soil pressure cells are arranged in the vertical direction at the arch crown of the tunnel model, one soil pressure cell is arranged right below the arch bottom of the tunnel model 17, and two soil pressure cells are arranged at one side of the tunnel.
In this embodiment, the resistive strain bricks 18 are arranged as shown in fig. 5, two resistive strain bricks distributed up and down are arranged at symmetrical line positions (i.e., a middle rock wall position 22) of two tunnel models, the resistive strain brick at this position is a three-sided resistive strain brick, the rest resistive strain bricks are single-sided resistive strain bricks, two resistive strain bricks are arranged on the periphery of a junction position between a tunnel arch bottom and a side wall, the two resistive strain bricks are arranged between the two tunnel models, and one resistive strain brick is arranged below the arch bottom of the tunnel model. Because the two tunnel models are symmetrically arranged, the resistance type strain bricks are arranged on one side of the tunnel model.
In this embodiment, the precision of the fiber grating displacement sensor 19 is 1um, the arrangement of the fiber grating displacement sensors is as shown in fig. 6, the fiber grating displacement sensors are arranged at the arch bottom positions of the two tunnel models, one fiber grating displacement sensor is arranged at the position of a symmetrical line between the two tunnel models, one fiber grating displacement sensor is arranged at the boundary position of the side wall where the arch top of the tunnel model and the two tunnel models are close to each other, and one fiber grating sensor is arranged at the side wall position where one tunnel model is far away from the other tunnel model.
The lines of all the monitoring elements are led out uniformly through the wire outlet holes of the model box and are connected with equipment such as an external controller and the like.
When similar materials are filled to a set position, the embedded fiber grating displacement sensor, the soil pressure box and the resistance type strain brick are numbered and recorded, and the monitoring element is tamped with the soil body on the upper portion when the fiber grating displacement sensor, the soil pressure box and the resistance type strain brick are embedded.
After the filling of the similar materials is finished, the similar materials are maintained at room temperature, and after the strength of the similar materials meets the set requirement, the monitoring element is connected with external data acquisition equipment such as a strain acquisition instrument.
In other embodiments, the monitoring element can be arranged at other positions of the section of the tunnel model, and the monitoring element can be arranged according to the test requirements.
Step 2: two tunnel models 17 are excavated in similar materials through the opening of the second box wall of the model box and the through hole of the transparent acrylic plate, the tunnel models are used for simulating bidirectional eight-lane tunnels, the two tunnel models are synchronously excavated, and step-by-step excavation is adopted in the excavation process, wherein each step of excavation comprises the following steps:
step a: and blasting the center part of the tunnel face of the tunnel model by using an electric spark seismic source to break similar materials.
Step b: excavating the crushed similar materials by using a Luoyang shovel, wherein the excavating sequence is shown in fig. 7, the section of the tunnel model is divided into A, B, C, D, E, F, G seven areas, and excavating is carried out according to the sequence of A-B-C-D-E-F-G.
Step c: after the tunnel excavation is finished in each step, spraying a support material on the inner wall of the tunnel by using a spraying piece, selecting quick-drying gypsum as the support material, setting the setting time of the quick-drying gypsum within 7 minutes, wherein the water-cement ratio is 1:1.15, and the spraying thickness of the support material is 4 mm.
Before the support material is sprayed, a prefabricated arch frame 20 is built, then the support material is sprayed, the arch frame is used for supporting the inner wall of the tunnel model, a pressure box and a strain gauge are bonded on the outer side surface of the arch frame, and the contact pressure of the arch frame and the inner wall of the tunnel model and the self stress of the arch frame are measured.
And in the tunnel model excavation process, the displacement, strain and pressure information of the similar materials are monitored in real time by utilizing the monitoring element.
In this embodiment, each step of excavation record begins and finish time, makes things convenient for later stage data analysis, and the excavation adopts continuous excavation, avoids the middle interval to produce the change for a long time the country rock.
The test system of the embodiment can accurately and effectively simulate the real field environment of tunnel construction, obtain the pressure, strain and stress information of similar materials, and further provide reference data for researching the influence of tunnel blasting on surrounding buildings.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a tunnel blasting excavation model test system which characterized in that includes:
and (4) modeling a box: the top of the box cover is provided with a horizontal loading piece for applying horizontal load to the similar materials, the box cover can be arranged at the position of the top opening, the bottom surface of the box cover is provided with a vertical loading piece for applying vertical load to the similar materials, and the other two opposite second box walls are provided with openings for excavating the similar materials in the model box;
a monitoring element: the device is used for being buried in similar materials in a model box and used for detecting displacement, stress, strain and pressure information of the similar materials;
excavating a part: the device is used for excavating a tunnel model and comprises an electric spark blasting piece and an excavating tool, wherein the electric spark blasting piece is used for blasting and crushing similar materials, and the excavating tool is used for excavating the crushed similar materials;
a spraying piece: the device is used for spraying supporting materials to the inner wall of the excavated tunnel model.
2. The tunnel blasting excavation model test system of claim 1, wherein a transparent acrylic plate is further fixedly attached to the inner side surface of the first box wall, and the transparent acrylic plate is provided with a plurality of through holes matched with the shape of the section of the tunnel model to be excavated.
3. The tunnel blasting excavation model test system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of horizontal loading members are disposed on both side edges of the first box wall, the horizontal loading members are horizontal hydraulic jacks, the horizontal hydraulic jacks are connected to one ends of first connecting rods, and horizontal push plates are fixed to the other ends of the first connecting rods, and the horizontal hydraulic jacks can apply horizontal loads to similar materials through the horizontal push plates.
4. The tunnel blasting excavation model test system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of vertical loading pieces are fixed at front and rear edges of the bottom surface of the box cover, the vertical loading pieces are vertical hydraulic jacks, the vertical hydraulic jacks are fixedly connected with one ends of the second connecting rods, the other ends of the second connecting rods are fixedly connected with the vertical push plate, and the vertical hydraulic jacks can apply vertical downward loads to similar materials through the vertical push plate.
5. The tunnel blasting excavation model test system of claim 1, wherein the monitoring element comprises a fiber grating displacement sensor connected with an external controller, a resistance type strain brick and a soil pressure cell, the fiber grating displacement sensor is used for detecting displacement of similar materials, the resistance type strain brick is used for detecting stress and strain of the similar materials, and the soil pressure cell is used for detecting pressure generated by the similar materials.
6. The tunnel blasting excavation model test system of claim 1, wherein the electric spark blasting element adopts an electric spark source, and can break similar materials through high-voltage pulse discharge of electrodes.
7. The system for testing the blasting excavation model of a tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the injection member comprises a slurry pump, the slurry pump is connected with a slurry tank capable of containing slurry of the support material, the slurry pump is further connected with a slurry pipe, a nozzle is arranged at the end of the slurry pipe, and the slurry pump can drive the support material in the slurry tank to be sprayed out through the slurry pipe and the nozzle so as to support the excavated tunnel model.
8. A method of the tunnel blasting excavation model testing system of any of claims 1-7, comprising the steps of:
step 1: laying similar materials in a model box in a layering mode, burying a monitoring element at a set position in the laying process of the similar materials, and applying set horizontal load and vertical load to the similar materials by using a horizontal loading piece and a vertical loading piece after the similar materials are laid;
step 2: the method comprises the steps of excavating two tunnel models in similar materials through an opening in the second box wall of a model box and through holes in a transparent acrylic plate, synchronously excavating the two tunnel models, adopting step-by-step excavation in the excavation process, firstly crushing the similar materials by using an electric spark blasting piece in each step of excavation, then excavating the crushed similar materials by using an excavation tool to form the tunnel models, finally constructing an arch frame in the tunnel and spraying a supporting material on the inner wall of the tunnel model by using a spraying piece, supporting the inner wall of the tunnel model by using the arch frame, and monitoring displacement, stress, strain and pressure information of the similar materials in real time by using a monitoring element in the excavation process of the tunnel model.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein in step 1, similar materials are provided in a plurality of sections, each section having a monitoring element embedded therein.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the tunnel model is dug in two, the two tunnel models have the same shape of section and the same height, and the monitoring element is disposed at a side portion of the section.
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