WO2013143049A1 - 柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置 - Google Patents

柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013143049A1
WO2013143049A1 PCT/CN2012/072993 CN2012072993W WO2013143049A1 WO 2013143049 A1 WO2013143049 A1 WO 2013143049A1 CN 2012072993 W CN2012072993 W CN 2012072993W WO 2013143049 A1 WO2013143049 A1 WO 2013143049A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
diesel
emulsified
tank
emulsified oil
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PCT/CN2012/072993
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈序泉
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福油特化工科技（深圳）有限公司
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Application filed by 福油特化工科技（深圳）有限公司 filed Critical 福油特化工科技（深圳）有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2012/072993 priority Critical patent/WO2013143049A1/zh
Priority to CN201280071542.7A priority patent/CN104302903B/zh
Publication of WO2013143049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013143049A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/0228—Adding fuel and water emulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of diesel engine technology, which enables a diesel engine to burn both diesel and emulsified oil, and can be applied to various diesel engines and boilers.
  • Emulsified oil refers to an emulsion in which diesel is the continuous phase and water is the dispersed phase.
  • the working principle of the emulsified oil for the engine is as follows: The emulsified oil enters the engine cylinder and undergoes secondary atomization, so that the oil particles become finer and fully mixed with oxygen to completely burn.
  • the emulsified oil is unstable in the storage process, easy to stratify, resulting in inconsistent quality concentration and affecting engine performance. 2.
  • Emulsified oil combustion Insufficient power the current research report proves that the higher the moisture content of the emulsified oil, the lower the power; Third, the viscosity of the emulsified oil is too high, so that the fuel supply per unit time is reduced; Fourth, the engine idle speed is not stable; After the oil, it is necessary to clean the entire oil supply system in order to change the diesel oil. It is very troublesome.
  • Chinese patent 03222786.0 “Diesel emulsifying device” can only choose oil, can not convert oil circuit; 6.
  • Emulsified oil sales outlets are not popular, brand different formula Different, the quality is not the same, different brands of emulsified oil can not be mixed; Seven, the current use of emulsified oil users are less, not popular, only a few buses, ocean-going vessels, boilers and power plants; Complete dual fuel system for diesel and emulsified oil, for example: China Application for 200820089521.9 "diesel engine emulsified oil diesel dual fuel oil supply system", it does not completely solve the problem of oil return, it has diesel or emulsified oil in the oil return, both return to the emulsified fuel tank or the diesel fuel tank will make the fuel in the tank The quality is not standard, it can not be implemented in actual use; IX.
  • the applicant's patent application entitled WO2011/060622 is a patent application for a diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system and method, which solves the above problems, and the emulsified oil used has a water content of up to 33%, and the power of the diesel engine is basically unchanged.
  • the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction; the engine is easy to start and runs smoothly, making the popular use of emulsified oil, an environmentally friendly fuel, a reality.
  • This application is an improvement made on the basis of the patent application WO 2011/060622.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system and a mixing device which can better control the ratio of viscous oil water and diesel oil to the prior art.
  • a viscous oil tank for containing viscous water mixed with water and oil-water binder
  • An emulsified oil mixing device (hereinafter referred to as a mixing device) for mixing viscous oil water and diesel oil to obtain an emulsified oil; and an oil passage control device connected to the diesel tank, the emulsified oil mixing device, the engine oil return pipe, the purification pipe and the main oil pipe, respectively;
  • a heating device connected to the oil passage control device, wherein the engine cooling water flows through the heating device to heat the fuel from the oil passage control device;
  • a management module for controlling switching between the supply of diesel fuel and the emulsified oil; and controlling operation of the above-mentioned viscous water tank, mixing device, oil path control device and heating device; after the diesel engine ignition switch is turned off, the management module controls the engine delay When working for a set time, use diesel to remove the emulsified oil from the entire oil supply line and the engine nozzle;
  • the mixing device comprises a mixer, a pressure switch, a static mixer and an emulsified oil mixing tank, the viscous water from the viscous water tank is horizontally injected into the upright mixer, and the diesel is injected into the mixer from above the mixer, the mixing The lower output of the device is connected to the pressure switch.
  • the diesel engine emulsified oil enabling system further includes a mixing pump and a pressure protection valve through which the liquid from the mixer flows into the static mixer.
  • the diesel engine emulsified oil enabling system further includes an impact spray head, and the liquid from the static mixer is sprayed into the emulsified oil mixing tank through the impact nozzle.
  • a pressure protection valve is disposed at an output end of the oil supply pump in the oil passage control device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system.
  • the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system is provided with an auxiliary oil pump between the heating device and the diesel engine, and the output end of the auxiliary oil pump is provided with a pressure protection valve.
  • the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system further includes an emulsified oil purification pipeline, wherein the first purification The pipeline connects the auxiliary fuel tank and the oil inlet end of the main oil pipe, the second purification pipeline connects the oil outlet end of the main oil pipe and the oil circuit control device in the oil circuit control device, and the third purification pipeline connects the oil outlet end of the auxiliary oil pipe and the oil discharge end of the main oil pipe.
  • a filter, a solenoid valve and an oil distribution pump are sequentially disposed between the viscous oil tank and the auxiliary tank and the mixer of the emulsified oil mixing device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system.
  • a check valve is installed between the auxiliary oil pipe and the diesel engine to prevent the main oil pipe fuel from entering the auxiliary oil pipe.
  • the diesel tank outlet is connected to the auxiliary fuel tank, and the auxiliary fuel tank is provided with a float valve.
  • the engine oil return pipe in the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system is respectively connected to the oil path control and the auxiliary oil tank; the direction to the auxiliary oil tank is normally open.
  • the emulsified oil mixing device comprises a mixer, a pressure switch, a static mixer and an emulsified oil mixing barrel, and the viscous oil level from the viscous oil tank is injected into the vertical mixer, the diesel oil The mixer is injected from above the mixer, the lower output of which is connected to the pressure switch.
  • the emulsified oil mixing device further includes a mixing pump and a pressure protection valve, and the liquid from the mixer flows through the mixing pump and the pressure protection valve into the static mixer.
  • the emulsified oil mixing device further includes an impingement head, and the liquid from the static mixer is injected into the emulsified oil mixing tub through the impact nozzle.
  • the viscous oil from the viscous oil tank and the diesel from the auxiliary tank enter the mixer in a vertical direction, and the water column and the oil column are sprayed in a vertical direction, which can play a preliminary mixing role.
  • the diesel fuel in the diesel tank enters the auxiliary tank through the float valve and is then supplied to other devices separately; it can prevent the turbulent flow of liquid between the diesel tank and other devices.
  • the engine return pipe is connected to the oil circuit control and the auxiliary fuel tank respectively; the direction to the auxiliary fuel tank is normally open.
  • an emergency failure such as system power failure, system equipment failure
  • the engine can be converted back to diesel, normal operation. , protect the safety of the crew.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an emulsified oil mixing device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an oil passage control device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a heating device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a purification pipeline of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system module
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the operation of the impact nozzle in the emulsified oil mixing device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the operation of the mixer in the emulsified oil mixing device of the diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system.
  • the reference numerals are as follows:
  • a diesel engine emulsified oil promoting system as shown in Fig. 6, comprises a viscous oil water tank for holding viscous oil mixed with water and oil-water binder; emulsified oil mixing device for emulsification of viscous oil and diesel oil Oil; oil path control device, respectively connected with diesel tank or auxiliary fuel tank, emulsified oil mixing device, engine oil return pipe, second purification pipe and main oil pipe; heating device, connected with oil circuit control device, engine cooling water flowing through the heating device Fuel heating from the oil circuit control device; a management module for controlling switching between the supply of diesel fuel and the emulsified oil; and controlling the operation of the above-mentioned viscous water tank, emulsified oil mixing device, oil path control device and heating device; After the engine ignition switch is turned off, the management module controls the engine delay operation for a set time, and the diesel fuel is used to remove the emulsified oil from the entire oil supply line and the engine nozzle.
  • the double solid line indicates the pipe connection
  • the viscous oil tank supplies viscous oil to the emulsified oil mixing device
  • Diesel tank (sub tank) can supply diesel oil to engine, emulsified oil mixing device and oil circuit control device;
  • the emulsified oil mixing device supplies emulsified oil to the oil passage control device; 4.
  • the oil circuit control device supplies diesel or emulsified oil to the heating device;
  • the heating device supplies heating fuel to the engine
  • the engine returns to the oil circuit control of the oil circuit control device; return to the auxiliary fuel tank when starting, shutting down and system failure:
  • the management module detects the liquid level signal in the mixing tank of the viscous oil tank, the diesel tank and the emulsified oil; and controls the operation of the management system;
  • the management module controls and manages the oil supply pump and the electromagnetic valve in the oil path control device
  • the management module detects the temperature of the cooling water to select the supply of diesel or emulsified oil
  • the management module detects the engine stop signal and controls the management of the emulsified oil to facilitate the operation of the system.
  • the emulsified oil mixing device is used for proportionally producing emulsified oil to the engine through the mixing device using the viscous oil water and the diesel oil.
  • Viscous oil is a solution in which the oil-water binder and water are thoroughly mixed in a volume ratio of 1: (40-90).
  • the pre-processed viscous water can be quickly mixed with any diesel to achieve consistent quality.
  • the emulsified oil makes the entire system of the enabling system even smaller.
  • the oil-water binder is a surfactant, which can be used in the oil-water binder produced by LUBRIZOL Company of the United States or GECAM of Italy. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the diesel engine ignition switch is started, the diesel fuel passes through the auxiliary oil tank 28 (the fuel supply valve 43 in the auxiliary oil tank, the oil supply valve 43 is the float valve;), the auxiliary oil pipe 45, the filter 14, the electromagnetic valve 2, and the single Fuel is supplied to the engine to the valve 58.
  • the solenoid valve 8 is controlled under the management module.
  • the mixing pump 24 stops working after the set time, and the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are closed.
  • the purpose is to extract the emulsified oil from the lower end of the mixing drum 18, so that the quality of the emulsified oil in the simple one is consistent.
  • the sub-oil pipe 45 is immediately closed under the control of the management module, and the main oil pipe 47 is turned to supply oil to the engine.
  • the solenoid valves 2, 4, 5 are closed, the solenoid valves 6, 7 are activated, the oil supply pump 25, the auxiliary oil pump 26 are activated, the emulsified oil is passed through the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, the solenoid valve 6, the oil supply Valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44, oil circuit control 19, check valve 56, main oil pipe 47, heat exchanger 21, filter 13, solenoid valve 7, check valve 57, auxiliary oil pump 26, pressure protection valve 52 Supply to the engine.
  • the solenoid valve 3 When the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature, the solenoid valve 3 is opened, and the valve is closed. Solenoid valve 1 for diesel oil; When the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature reaches the set temperature, the solenoid valve 1 is opened, and the solenoid valve 3 is closed to supply the emulsified oil.
  • the emulsified oil is supplied to the oil passage control by the emulsified oil mixing simple 18, the check valve 54, the solenoid valve 1, the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, and the solenoid valve 6.
  • the amount of oil in the emulsified oil mixture 18 is sensed by the liquid level sensor 34.
  • the management module controls the mixing device to start working: mixing with the oil according to the ratio; the volume ratio of the viscous oil to the diesel according to the volume ratio 1: (1.5 ⁇ 3) The ratio of the viscous oil from the viscous oil tank 30, through the filter 11, the solenoid valve 9, the oil distribution pump 22; the diesel fuel from the auxiliary tank 28, through the filter 12, the solenoid valve 10, the oil distribution pump 23, together through the mixer 35,
  • the emulsified oil is mixed into the emulsified oil through the impact nozzle 36; when the emulsified oil reaches the liquid level sensor 34
  • the oil distribution is stopped at the high position; the emulsified oil circulation outlet connected to the solenoid valve 8A is lower than the low level of the liquid level sensor 34.
  • the top has an exhaust valve 41 and various pipe access ports.
  • the use of the above emulsified oil mixing device has the following effects: 1.
  • the production process of the viscous oil water is simple, the quality is easy to control, and the production is easier to promote, making the viscous oil water an ordinary commodity, and the sales outlets are popular; 2.
  • the quality can be produced in a short time.
  • Stable emulsified oil 3.
  • the viscous oil water from the viscous oil tank and the diesel oil from the auxiliary oil tank enter the input end of the mixer 35 in a vertical direction, and the output of the mixer 35 is output. The end is connected to the pressure switch 16. As shown in Fig. 8, the viscous water from the viscous oil tank is injected horizontally into the upright mixer, and the diesel fuel is injected into the mixer from above the mixer, and the lower output end of the mixer is connected to the pressure switch.
  • the viscous oil is sprayed from the nozzle and hits the inner wall of the mixer to form a misty fine water droplet; the small water droplet is a surfactant, and upon contact with the diesel oil, it becomes "oil-in-water", thereby forming an emulsified oil.
  • the management module closes the oil distribution pumps 22 and 23 and the solenoid valves 9 and 10. After the set time, the management module activates the oil distribution pumps 22 and 23 and the solenoid valves 9 and 10 again.
  • a mixer 35 is provided at the front end of the static mixer 20 to have the following effects:
  • the viscous oil from the viscous oil tank and the diesel from the auxiliary tank enter the mixer in a vertical direction, and the water column and the oil column are sprayed in a vertical direction, which can play a preliminary mixing role.
  • the emulsified oil mixing device is provided with a mixing pump 24 and a pressure protection valve 50, and the liquid from the mixer 35 flows through the mixing pump 24 and the pressure protection valve 50 to enter the static mixer 20. , the emulsified oil is further mixed.
  • the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are opened under the control of the management module, and the mixing pump 24 is started at the same time, and the emulsified oil is mixed with the emulsified oil.
  • the electromagnetic valve 8, 8A, the check valve 53, the mixing pump 24, the pressure protection valve 50, and the static mixer 20 are sprayed into the mixing nozzle 36; the mixing pump 24 is stopped after the set time, and the solenoid valve 8 is closed.
  • the purpose is to extract the emulsified oil from the lower end of the mixing drum 18, so that the quality of the emulsified oil is uniform.
  • the management module controls the mixing device to start mixing with the proportional oil; when the emulsified oil level reaches the high level of the liquid level sensor 34, the proportional oil is stopped.
  • the atomizing device in the mixing tank 18 uses an impact nozzle 36, and the liquid from the static mixer 20 is sprayed into the mixing tub 18 via the impact nozzle.
  • the impact nozzle has the following functions: First, atomization is performed in two steps, and the water column is sprayed from the nozzle for the first atomization; then the discharged liquid is split onto the barrel wall of the mixing barrel 18 to complete the second mist. The atomization effect is good; secondly, the impact nozzle has a large aperture, a high speed, a large flow rate, and the nozzle is not easily blocked.
  • the oil circuit control device as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
  • the engine return oil enters the oil circuit control module 19, and the oil supply valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44 separates the oil or the fuel and the emulsified oil and separates the auxiliary fuel tank.
  • the return oil passes through the oil return pipe 46 and enters the oil circuit control module 19 through the oil return inlet.
  • the air in the return oil is discharged through the exhaust valve 42, and the oil return continues. Enter the main oil pipe 47.
  • the oil supply valve 44 controls the supplementary fuel, and the return oil inlet and the second purge pipe inlet are disposed at the highest position of the oil passage control module 19, which is higher than the oil supply valve 44, and separates the oil return pipe and the oil supply pipe, and outputs the priority first.
  • the oil burns.
  • the oil supply valve 44 is opened to input the fuel; when the oil level control unit 19 is higher than the oil supply valve 44, the oil supply valve 44 is closed, and the oil returning pipe is closed.
  • the oil supply pipes are separated.
  • the oil circuit control device has the following effects because it discharges the air returning to the oil, preferentially uses the oil return and then replenishes the diesel oil or the emulsified oil: 1.
  • a pressure protection valve 51 is mounted at the output end of the oil supply pump 25 in the oil passage control device. If the pressure protection valve 51 is not installed, the liquid level fluctuates when the vehicle is running, and the oil supply valve 44 is frequently switched, causing the oil supply pump 25 to frequently switch, affecting the oil supply. The working life of the pump 25. When the pressure protection valve 51 is added, the oil supply pump 25 is not affected by the switching of the oil supply valve 44, and the operation is stable. At the same time, since the oil supply pump 25 can maintain a stable fuel supply pressure, the installation position of the oil circuit control module 19 can be arbitrarily set, and is not affected by the installation position of the diesel fuel tank and the emulsified oil tank.
  • the heating device is shown in Figures 1 and 4, which is used to heat the waste heat generated by the engine in the cooling water through the heat exchanger to increase the temperature of the emulsified oil, reduce the viscosity of the emulsified oil, and increase the moisture content of the emulsified oil.
  • the heat generated by the engine is discharged by the cooling water through the radiator.
  • the temperature of the cooling water is controlled by the thermostat and the radiator at around 80 degrees Celsius.
  • the heat energy of the cooling water is safe and environmentally friendly.
  • the heating device has the following effects: 1. Increasing the temperature of the emulsified oil, reducing the viscosity of the emulsified oil; 2. Increasing the water content of the emulsified oil; 3. Facilitating the oil supply of the emulsified oil; 4. The idling operation is stable when the engine uses the emulsified oil.
  • a pressure protection valve 52 is provided at the output end of the auxiliary oil pump 26 between the heat exchanger 21 and the diesel engine. It can be ensured that the auxiliary oil pump 26 is not affected by the amount of oil used by the engine, and the oil supply pressure and flow rate of the auxiliary oil pump 26 are ensured.
  • the purification pipeline is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5. It is used to shut off the oil circuit and the emulsified oil in the engine when the machine is shut down. 1. Avoid the deposition of emulsified oil in the oil pipe to form sludge. The sludge can block the oil pipe, engine nozzle and filter. 2, to avoid emulsified oil on the engine's nozzle to separate moisture and damage the machine; 3, to ensure the normal start of the engine using diesel. As shown in Fig. 5, when the ignition switch of the diesel engine is turned off, the time delay of the engine is set by the time relay in the management module, and the purging operation is started.
  • the emulsified oil purification pipe includes a first purification pipe 17, a second purification pipe 48, and a third purification pipe 27.
  • the first purification pipe 17 is connected to the auxiliary oil tank and the main oil pipe inlet end
  • the second purification pipe 48 is connected to the main oil pipe oil discharge end and the oil circuit control terminal 19
  • the third purification pipe 27 is connected to the auxiliary oil pipe oil discharge end and the main oil pipe outlet. end.
  • the solenoid valve 2 is opened, the solenoid valve 7 is closed, and the diesel fuel is supplied from the auxiliary fuel tank 28 via the auxiliary oil pipe 45, the filter 14, the electromagnetic valve 2, the third purification pipe 27, the check valve 57, the auxiliary oil pump 26, and the pressure protection valve 52.
  • the main oil pipe is diesel, which is convenient for the engine to start after starting.
  • a check valve 58 is disposed between the auxiliary oil pipe 45 and the diesel engine to prevent the auxiliary oil pump 26 from being returned to the auxiliary oil pipe 45 when the auxiliary oil pump 26 is opened.
  • the diesel oil of the diesel tank 31 enters the sub tank 28 through the float valve 43, and is then supplied to other devices separately; the liquid communication turbulence between the diesel tank and other devices can be prevented.
  • the management module is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 6.
  • the diesel oil is supplied through the auxiliary oil pipe; the oil is returned to the auxiliary fuel tank.
  • the diesel engine is controlled by the management module to cause the system to start working.
  • the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature, the emulsified oil in the circulating emulsified oil is mixed; the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are opened under the control of the management module, and the mixing pump 24 is activated at the same time.
  • valve 8B is closed, and the emulsified oil is withdrawn from the lower end and the bottom of the mixing drum 18, and the emulsified oil passes through the solenoid valves 8 and 8A, the check valve 53, the mixing pump 24, the pressure protection valve 50, and the static mixer 20 to the atomizing impact nozzle. 36 is sprayed into the simple; after the set time, the mixing pump 24 stops working, and the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are closed; the purpose is to make the quality of the simplified internal emulsified oil consistent.
  • the main oil pipe After the set time, the main oil pipe starts to supply oil; secondly, if the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature reaches the set temperature, the auxiliary oil pipe 45 is immediately closed under the control of the management module, and the main oil pipe 47 is supplied to the engine. oil.
  • the solenoid valves 2, 4, 5 are closed, the solenoid valves 6, 7 are opened, the oil supply pump 25, the auxiliary oil pump 26 are activated, the emulsified oil passes through the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, the solenoid valve 6, the oil supply Valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44, oil circuit control 19, check valve 56, main oil pipe 47, heat exchanger 21, filter 13, solenoid valve 7, check valve 57, auxiliary oil pump 26, pressure protection valve 52 is supplied to the engine.
  • the solenoid valves 2, 4, 5 are closed, the solenoid valves 6, 7 are opened, the oil supply pump 25, the auxiliary oil pump 26 are activated, the emulsified oil passes through the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, the solenoid valve 6, the oil supply Valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44, oil circuit control 19, check valve 56, main oil pipe 47, heat exchanger 21, filter 13, solenoid valve 7, check valve 57, auxiliary oil pump 26, pressure protection
  • the electromagnetic valve 3 When the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature, the electromagnetic valve 3 is opened, the electromagnetic valve 1 is closed, and the diesel oil is turned off; when the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature reaches the set temperature, the electromagnetic is turned on. Valve 1, close the solenoid valve 3 for emulsified oil.
  • the emulsified oil is supplied to the oil passage control by the emulsified oil mixing simple 18, the check valve 54, the solenoid valve 1, the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, and the solenoid valve 6.
  • the management module controls the solenoid valve and the pump in the emulsified oil mixing device so that the viscous oil and the diesel oil are mixed according to the set ratio standard (as described above).
  • the diesel engine ignition switch is turned off, the engine is set to run for a set time by the management module. At this time, the purification work starts, and the diesel oil is used to remove the emulsified oil in each oil passage and the engine (as described above).
  • the system is shut down, the engine can be switched back to diesel, normal operation, and the safety of the passengers is protected.
  • the emulsified oil causes the system to be powered off: (2) the emulsified oil contributes to the system Any device fails; (3) the engine cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature; (4) the viscous oil tank level containing the viscous oil is below the set level; (5) the diesel tank level is at the set solution Below. At this time, the diesel oil is supplied to the engine via the auxiliary oil tank 28, the auxiliary oil pipe 45, the filter 14, the check valve 58, and the engine oil returning to the auxiliary oil tank 28 via the oil return pipe 46A and the three-way electromagnetic valve 37.
  • the above management module has the following effects: 1. Coordinated control of the entire emulsified oil promoting system; 2.
  • Diesel is used at the start of the engine, and is converted into emulsified oil at the right time; The diesel is shut off to remove the engine and the oil circuit. Emulsified oil; 3. In the event of an accident or emergency failure in the system, the engine can be converted back to diesel, normal operation, and the safety of the passengers.
  • the system of the invention is installed on a Cummins inline 6-cylinder 400 hp diesel generator for the welding work of the shipyard.
  • the diesel generator When the diesel generator is started, the diesel fuel is supplied to the generator via the auxiliary oil tank 28 (the fuel supply valve 43 in the auxiliary oil tank, the fuel supply valve 43 is a float valve), the auxiliary oil pipe 45, the filter 14, the electromagnetic valve 2, and the check valve 58.
  • the emulsified oil causes the system to start working.
  • the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature
  • the emulsified oil in the circulating emulsified oil is mixed; the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are opened under the control of the management module, and the mixing pump 24 is activated at the same time.
  • the valve 8B is closed, and the emulsified oil is withdrawn from the lower end and the bottom of the mixing drum 18, and the emulsified oil is supplied from the bottom of the mixing via the solenoid valves 8 and 8A, the check valve 53, the mixing pump 24, the pressure protection valve 50, and the static mixer 20 to
  • the atomizing impact nozzle 36 is sprayed into the simple body; after a set time, the mixing pump 24 stops working, and the solenoid valves 8 and 8A are closed; the purpose is to make the quality of the simplified internal emulsified oil uniform.
  • the main oil pipe After the set time, the main oil pipe starts to supply oil; secondly, when the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature reaches the set temperature, the auxiliary oil pipe 45 is immediately closed under the control of the management module, and the main oil pipe 47 is supplied to the engine. .
  • the solenoid valves 2, 4, 5 are closed, the solenoid valves 6, 7 are opened, the oil supply pump 25, the auxiliary oil pump 26 are activated, the emulsified oil passes through the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, the solenoid valve 6, the oil supply Valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44, oil circuit control 19, check valve 56, main oil pipe 47, heat exchanger 21, filter 13, solenoid valve 7, check valve 57, auxiliary oil pump 26, pressure protection valve 52 is supplied to the engine.
  • the solenoid valves 2, 4, 5 are closed, the solenoid valves 6, 7 are opened, the oil supply pump 25, the auxiliary oil pump 26 are activated, the emulsified oil passes through the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, the solenoid valve 6, the oil supply Valve (solenoid valve or float valve) 44, oil circuit control 19, check valve 56, main oil pipe 47, heat exchanger 21, filter 13, solenoid valve 7, check valve 57, auxiliary oil pump 26, pressure protection
  • the solenoid valve 3 When the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature is lower than the set temperature, the solenoid valve 3 is opened, the solenoid valve 1 is closed, and the diesel oil is supplied; when the cooling water temperature sensor 49 detects that the cooling water temperature reaches the set temperature When the solenoid valve 1 is opened, the solenoid valve 3 is closed to supply emulsified oil.
  • the emulsified oil is supplied to the oil passage control module 19 via the emulsified oil mixing simple 18, the check valve 54, the solenoid valve 1, the check valve 55, the oil supply pump 25, the pressure protection valve 51, and the solenoid valve 6.
  • the amount of oil in the emulsified oil mixture 18 is sensed by the level sensor 34.
  • the management module controls the mixing device to start working: proportionally blending oil; viscous oil and diesel according to Volume ratio 1: (1.5-3) ratio, viscous oil from the viscous oil tank 30, through the filter 11, solenoid valve 9, oil distribution pump 22; diesel from the auxiliary tank 28, through the filter 12, solenoid valve 10, oil distribution pump 23, together through the mixer 35, the pressure switch 16, the solenoid valve 8B, the check valve 53, the mixing pump 24, the pressure protection valve 50 to the static mixer 20, after entering the emulsified oil mixture through the impact nozzle 36; When the internal emulsified oil reaches the high level of the liquid level sensor 34, the oil distribution is stopped.
  • the emulsified oil circulation outlet is lower than the lower level of the level sensor 34. Mix well to produce high quality emulsified oil.
  • the generator returning oil enters the oil circuit control module 19 through the generator return oil pipe 46, and the air in the return oil is discharged through the exhaust float valve 42, and the return oil continues to enter the main oil pipe 47, and the fuel is controlled by the oil supply valve 44; When there is less oil, the fuel supply valve opens the input fuel.
  • the emulsified oil purification pipe includes a first purification pipe 17, a second purification pipe 48, and a third purification pipe 27.
  • the first purification pipe 17 is connected to the auxiliary oil tank and the main oil pipe inlet end
  • the second purification pipe 48 is connected to the main oil pipe oil discharge end and the oil circuit control terminal 19
  • the third purification pipe 27 is connected to the auxiliary oil pipe oil discharge end and the main oil pipe outlet. end.
  • the solenoid valve 2 is opened, the solenoid valve 7 is closed, and the diesel fuel is supplied from the auxiliary fuel tank 28 via the auxiliary oil pipe 45, the filter 14, the electromagnetic valve 2, the third purification pipe 27, the check valve 57, the auxiliary oil pump 26, and the pressure protection valve 52.
  • the solenoid valves 3, 4, 5 are open, the solenoid valves 1, 6 are closed, the diesel fuel from the auxiliary tank 28, the filter 15.
  • the pipe 48 enters the oil circuit control module 19 to remove the emulsified oil in the main oil pipe. Ignition again, the generator starts normally, repeat the above work procedure. Throughout the process, the emulsified oil and diesel supply automatically and smoothly transitioned, the generator was running normally, and the speed was maintained at 1500 rpm. Since the water content of the emulsified oil is as high as 33%, the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction is achieved. It solves all the problems in the technology and market promotion of diesel engines in the use of emulsified oil and diesel dual fuel, making the use of emulsified oil, an environmentally friendly fuel, a reality and has extremely great commercial value.

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Abstract

公开了一种柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置。该乳化油促成系统包括粘油水箱（30），乳化油混合装置，油路控制装置（19），加热装置（21）以及管理模块。管理模块用于控制粘油水箱（30），乳化油混合装置，油路控制装置（19）和加热装置（21）的运行。该乳化油混合装置包括混合器（35），压力开关（16），静态混合器（20）和乳化油混合桶（18）。其中来自粘油水箱（30）的粘油水水平射入直立的混合器（35），柴油从混合器（35）的上方射入混合器（35），混合器（35）的下方输出端与压力开关（16）相连。使用该系统及混合装置能够容易控制粘油水和柴油的比例；来自粘油水箱的粘油水和来自柴油箱的柴油能够进行初步混合。

Description

柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置 技术令页域 本发明涉及柴油发动机技术领域， 能够使柴油发动机既可以燃烧柴油又可 以燃烧乳化油， 可应用于各类柴油发动机、 锅炉领域。
¾fc景技术 乳化油是指柴油为连续相、 水为分散相的一种乳液。 乳化油用于发动机的 工作原理为： 乳化油进入发动机气缸发生二次雾化， 使油粒变得更细， 并与氧气充分混合， 完全燃烧。 现有的乳化油有很多种， 在使用过程中存在以下几种问题： 一、 乳化油在储存过 程中性状不稳定， 容易分层， 造成品质浓度不一致， 影响发动机性能； 二、 乳化油燃烧产生 的动力不足， 目前研究报告证明乳化油水分含量越高动力越低； 三、 乳化油粘度太高， 使发 动机单位时间内的供油量降低； 四、 发动机怠速运转不平稳； 五、 发动机使用乳化油后， 要换 回柴油必须清洗整个供油系统， 很麻烦， 例如： 中国专利 03227816.0《柴油乳化装置》 只能 选择用油， 不能转换油路； 六、 乳化油销售网点不普及， 品牌不同配方不一样， 品质也不一 样， 不同品牌的乳化油不能混合使用； 七、 目前使用乳化油的用户少， 不普及， 只是少数巿 内公交车、 远洋船、 锅炉和发电厂； 八、 目前发动机没有完善的柴油和乳化油的双燃料系统， 例如： 中国专利申请 200820089521.9《柴油发发动机乳化油柴油双燃料供油系统》， 它没有完 全解决回油的问题， 它的回油中有柴油或乳化油， 都回到乳化油箱或者柴油箱会使箱内燃料 品质不标准， 在实际使用中无法实施； 九、 目前储存乳化油困难， 乳化油易分层， 又不能长时 间搅拌， 储存罐易生锈； 其他杂质易混入而影响乳化油品质； 十、 发动机使用乳化油起动困 难。 如何解决以上问题， 就成为柴油发动机乳化油促成系统研发制造的重要任务。
本申请人提出的公开号为 WO2011/060622名称为柴油发动机乳化油促成系统和方法的 专利申请， 解决了以上问题， 使用的乳化油含水量高达 33% , 且柴油发动机的动力基本不变， 达到了节能减排的目的； 发动机起动容易、 运转平稳， 使得乳化油这种环保燃料的普及使用 成为现实。 本申请是在 WO2011/060622专利申请的基础上所作出的改进。 发明内容 本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术提出一种粘油水和柴油比例能 更好地得到控制的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置。
本发明可以通过釆用以下技术方案来实现：
设计、 制造一种柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 包括
粘油水箱， 用于盛放由水和油水结合剂充分混合的粘油水；
乳化油混合装置（以下简称混合装置）， 用于混合粘油水和柴油得到乳化油； 油路控制装置， 分别与柴油箱、 乳化油混合装置、 发动机回油管、 净化管道和主油管连 接；
加热装置， 与油路控制装置相连，发动机冷却水流经该加热装置给来自油路控制装置的 燃料加热；
管理模块， 用于控制供给发动机柴油和乳化油之间的切换； 以及控制上述粘油水箱、 混 合装置、 油路控制装置和加热装置的运行； 在柴油发动机点火开关关闭后， 管理模块控制发 动机延时工作一设定时间， 用柴油清除整个供油管路及发动机喷头上的乳化油；
所述混合装置包括混合器、压力开关、 静态混合器和乳化油混合桶， 来自粘油水箱的粘 油水水平射入直立的混合器， 柴油从混合器的上方射入所述混合器， 该混合器的下方输出端 与所述压力开关相连。
进一步地，所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统还包括混合泵和压力保护阀，来自所述混合 器的液体流经该混合泵和压力保护阀进入所述静态混合器。
进一步地，所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统还包括冲击喷头，来自静态混合器的液体经 冲击喷头喷入所述乳化油混合桶。
进一步地,所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的油路控制装置中的供油泵输出端装设有压 力保护阀。
进一步地，所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统，在所述加热装置和柴油发动机之间设置有 辅油泵， 该辅油泵的输出端装设有压力保护阀。
进一步地， 所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统还包括有乳化油净化管道， 其中， 第一净化 管道连接副油箱和主油管进油端， 第二净化管道连接主油管出油端和油路控制装置中的油路 控制简， 第三净化管道连接副油管出油端和主油管出油端。
进一步地,所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的乳化油混合装置的粘油水箱和副油箱与混 合器之间均依次设置有过滤器、 电磁阀和配油泵。
进一步地， 在副油管和柴油发动机之间装设有单向阀， 避免主油管燃料进入副油管。 进一步地， 柴油箱出口接副油箱， 该副油箱内设置有浮球阀。
进一步地，所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统中的发动机回油管分别连接油路控制简和副 油箱； 通往副油箱的方向常开。
设计、 制作一种柴油发动机乳化油混合装置， 所述乳化油混合装置包括混合器、 压力开 关、 静态混合器和乳化油混合桶， 来自粘油水箱的粘油水水平射入直立的混合器， 柴油从混 合器的上方射入所述混合器， 该混合器的下方输出端与所述压力开关相连。
进一步地，所述乳化油混合装置还包括混合泵和压力保护阀，来自所述混合器的液体流 经该混合泵和压力保护阀进入所述静态混合器。
进一步地，所述乳化油混合装置还包括冲击喷头，来自静态混合器的液体经冲击喷头喷 入所述乳化油混合桶。
同现有技术相比较， 本发明技术效果在于：
1、 容易控制粘油水和柴油的比例；
2、 有效避免粘油水箱和副油箱窜流；
3、 来自粘油水箱的粘油水和来自副油箱的柴油相互呈垂直方向进入所述混合器， 水柱 和油柱呈垂直方向喷出， 能起到初步混合作用。
4、 柴油箱的柴油通过浮球阀进入副油箱， 然后再分别供给其他装置； 能防止柴油箱与 其他装置之间的液体连通窜流。
5、 发动机回油管分别连接油路控制简和副油箱； 通往副油箱的方向常开， 当本系统发 生意外或紧急故障时（如系统断电、 系统设备故障）， 发动机可以转换回柴油， 正常运转， 保 护司乘人员的安全。 附图说明
图 1是本发明柴油发动机乳化油促成系统示意图；
图 2是所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的乳化油混合装置示意图；
图 3是所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的油路控制装置示意图；
图 4是所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的加热装置示意图；
图 5是所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的净化管道示意图；
图 6是所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统模块方框示意图；
图 7所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的乳化油混合装置中冲击喷头工作示意图； 图 8所述柴油发动机乳化油促成系统的乳化油混合装置中混合器工作示意图。 附图标记如下：
1 电磁阀 28 副油箱
2 电磁阀 30 粘油水箱
3 电磁阀 31 柴油箱
4 电磁阀 32 液位传感器
5 电磁阀 33 液位传感器
6 电磁阀 34 液位传感器
7 电磁阀 35 混合器
8 电磁阀 36 冲击喷头
8 A 电磁阀 41 排气浮球阀
8B 电磁阀 42 排气浮球阀
9 电磁阀 43 供油阀
10 电磁阀 44 供油阀
11 过滤器 45 副油管
12 过滤器 46 、 46A 回油管
13 过滤器 47 主油管 14 过滤器 48 第二净化管道
15 过滤器 49 温度传感器
16 压力开关 50 压力保护阀
17 第一净化管道 51 压力保护阀
18 乳化油混合简 52 压力保护阀
19 油路控制简 53 单向阀
20 静态混合器 55 单向阀
21 换热器 56 单向阀
22 配油泵 57 单向阀
23 配油泵 58 单向阀
24 混合泵 26 辅油泵
25 供油泵 27 第三净化管道 具体实施方式 以下结合附图所示之优选实施例作进一步详述。
一种柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 如图 6所示，包括粘油水箱， 用于盛放由水和油水结 合剂充分混合的粘油水； 乳化油混合装置， 用于混合粘油水和柴油得到乳化油； 油路控制装 置， 分别与柴油箱或副油箱、 乳化油混合装置、 发动机回油管、 第二净化管道和主油管连接； 加热装置， 与油路控制装置相连， 发动机冷却水流经该加热装置给来自油路控制装置的燃料 加热； 管理模块， 用于控制供给发动机柴油和乳化油之间的切换； 以及控制上述粘油水箱、 乳化油混合装置、 油路控制装置和加热装置的运行； 在柴油发动机点火开关关闭后， 管理模 块控制发动机延时工作一设定时间， 用柴油清除整个供油管路及发动机喷头上的乳化油。 图 6中， 双实线表示管路连接， 虛线表示通信连接。 各装置之间的具体关系如下：
1、 粘油水箱向乳化油混合装置供粘油水；
2、 柴油箱 （副油箱） 可向发动机、 乳化油混合装置和油路控制装置供柴油；
3、 乳化油混合装置向油路控制装置供乳化油； 4、 油路控制装置向加热装置供柴油或乳化油；
5、 加热装置向发动机供热燃料；
6、 发动机向油路控制装置的油路控制简回油； 启动、 关机及系统故障时向副油箱回油：
7、 管理模块检测粘油水箱、 柴油箱、 乳化油混合桶内的液位信号； 控制管理系统的运行；
8、 管理模块控制管理油路控制装置内的供油泵和电磁阀；
9、 管理模块检测冷却水的温度， 来选择供应柴油或乳化油；
10、 管理模块检测发动机停机信号， 控制管理乳化油促成系统的运行。
乳化油混合装置用于按比例用粘油水和柴油经混合设备实时生产出乳化油供给发动机。 粘油水是油水结合剂和水按照体积比为 1: ( 40-90 ) 的比例充分混合而成的一种溶液， 经事 先加工好的粘油水可以迅速与任何柴油互相混合， 达到品质稳定一致的乳化油， 从而使整个 促成系统的设备更加小巧。 其中， 油水结合剂是一种表面活性剂， 可以釆用美国 LUBRIZOL 公司生产的或者意大利 GECAM公司生产的油水结合剂。 如图 1和图 2所示， 柴油发动机点 火开关启动， 柴油经副油箱 28 (副油箱内供油阀 43, 供油阀 43是浮球阀；)、 副油管 45、 过 滤器 14、 电磁阀 2、 单向阀 58向发动机供油。 回油经电磁阀 37、 回油管 46A进副油箱 28. 发动机启动输出电压稳定后， 1、 如果冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 在管理模块控制下电磁阀 8和 8A打开， 同时启动混合泵 24, 乳化油混合简内乳化油经电磁 阀 8和 8A、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50、 静态混合器 20到冲击喷头 36喷入混合 简内； 经过设定时间混合泵 24停止工作， 电磁阀 8和 8A关闭。 目的是将乳化油从混合桶 18 下端抽取循环， 使简内的乳化油品质一致。 在柴油发动机点火开关启动一设定时间后， 副油 管 45关闭， 转为主油管 47向发动机供油。 2、 如果冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度达 到设定温度时， 在管理模块控制下副油管 45立即关闭， 转为主油管 47向发动机供油。 此时 电磁阀 2、 4、 5关闭， 打开电磁阀 6、 7, 启动供油泵 25、 辅油泵 26, 乳化油经单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6、 供油阀 （电磁阀或浮球阀） 44、 油路控制简 19、 单向 阀 56、 主油管 47、 换热器 21、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 7、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52 供给发动机。 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 3, 关闭 电磁阀 1 , 供柴油； 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度达到设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 1 , 关闭电磁阀 3 , 供乳化油。 乳化油经乳化油混合简 18、 单向阀 54、 电磁阀 1、 单向阀 55、 供 油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6供给油路控制简。
乳化油混合简 18内的油量由液位传感器 34感应， 当液面到达低位时，管理模块控制混合 装置开始工作： 按比例配油混合； 粘油水与柴油按照体积比 1 : ( 1.5~3 ) 的比例， 粘油水从粘 油水箱 30出、 经过滤器 11、 电磁阀 9、 配油泵 22; 柴油从副油箱 28出、 经过过滤器 12、 电磁阀 10、 配油泵 23 , 共同通过混合器 35、 压力开关 16、 电磁阀 8B、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保 护阀 50至静态混合器 20混合后， 经冲击喷头 36进入乳化油混合简 18; 当简内乳化油达到液位 传感器 34高位时即停止配油； 与电磁阀 8A连接的乳化油循环出口低于液位传感器 34的低位。 简顶有排气阀 41和各个管道检修口。 使用上述乳化油混合装置会有以下效果： 1.粘油水生产 工艺简单， 品质容易控制， 更易推广生产， 使得粘油水成为一种普通商品， 销售网点普及； 2.能在短时间内生产出品质稳定的乳化油； 3. 乳化油混合简上半部分混合乳化油， 下半部分 存储供应乳化油， 使促成设备更加小巧， 便于推广。
如图 1、 图 2和图 8所示， 所述乳化油混合装置中， 来自粘油水箱的粘油水和来自副油箱 的柴油相互呈垂直方向进入混合器 35的输入端，该混合器 35的输出端与所述压力开关 16相连。 如图 8所示， 来自粘油水箱的粘油水水平射入直立的混合器， 柴油从混合器的上方射入所述混 合器， 该混合器的下方输出端与所述压力开关相连。 粘油水从喷头射出， 撞到混合器内壁， 形成雾状的细小水珠； 小水珠外是表面活性剂， 一接触到柴油就成"油包水"， 由此形成乳化 油。 如果混合器 35的压力超过设定压力， 管理模块则关闭配油泵 22和 23、 电磁阀 9和 10。 经设 定时间，管理模块再次启动配油泵 22和 23、电磁阀 9和 10。在静态混合器 20前端设置混合器 35 , 具有以下作用：
1、 容易控制粘油水和柴油的比例， 粘油水和柴油的比例稳定；
2、 有效避免粘油水箱和副油箱窜流；
3、 来自粘油水箱的粘油水和来自副油箱的柴油相互呈垂直方向进入所述混合器， 水柱 和油柱呈垂直方向喷出， 能起到初步混合作用。 如图 2所示， 所述乳化油混合装置中设置有混合泵 24和压力保护阀 50, 来自所述混合器 35的液体流经该混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50进入所述静态混合器 20, 使得乳化油进一步混合。 发动机启动输出电压稳定后， 如果冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 在 管理模块控制下电磁阀 8和 8A打开， 同时启动混合泵 24, 乳化油混合简内乳化油经电磁阀 8、 8A、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50、 静态混合器 20到冲击喷头 36喷入混合简内； 经过 设定时间混合泵 24停止工作， 电磁阀 8关闭。 目的是将乳化油从混合桶 18下端抽取循环， 使简 内乳化油品质一致。 当乳化油液面低于液位传感器 34低位时管理模块控制混合装置开始按比 例配油混合； 当乳化油液面到达液位传感器 34高位时， 按比例配油停止。
如图 2和图 7所示，混合桶 18中的雾化装置釆用冲击喷头 36,来自静态混合器 20的液体经 冲击喷头喷入混合桶 18。 釆用冲击喷头， 具有以下作用： 其一， 分两步雾化， 水柱从喷嘴喷 出是第一次雾化； 然后喷出的液体分射至混合桶 18的桶壁上完成第二次雾化， 雾化效果好； 其二， 冲击喷头孔径大、 速度快， 流量大， 喷嘴不容易阻塞。 油路控制装置， 如图 1和图 3所示， 发动机回油进入油路控制简 19, 供油阀（电磁阀或浮 球阀） 44将回油或燃料与乳化油混合简、 副油箱分开， 保障了乳化油和柴油的品质， 同时避 免各容器内的液体互相窜流。 如图 3所示， 发动机的回油内有柴油或乳化油， 回油经发动机回 油管 46通过回油入口进入油路控制简 19, 回油内的空气经排气阀 42排出， 回油继续进入主油 管 47。 供油阀 44控制补充燃料， 回油入口和第二净化管道入口设置位置于油路控制简 19的最 高位， 高于供油阀 44, 使回油管道和供油管道分开， 且优先输出回油燃烧。 当油路控制简 19 内油量较少时， 供油阀 44打开， 输入燃料； 当油路控制简 19内油面高于供油阀 44时， 供油阀 44关闭， 回油管道就和供油管道分开。 油路控制装置由于排出回油中的空气、 优先使用回油 然后再补充柴油或乳化油， 具有以下效果： 1.避免回油进入柴油箱和乳化油混合简， 防止回 油和燃料互相参杂而降低燃料品质； 2. 可避免各容器内的液体互相窜流； 3.排出回油中的空 气； 4、 供油泵持续运转供油， 使得乳化油混合简和油路控制简安装灵活。
如图 3所示， 所述油路控制装置中的供油泵 25输出端装设有压力保护阀 51。 如果不装设 压力保护阀 51 , 车行走时液面波动， 供油阀 44会频繁开关导致供油泵 25频繁开关， 影响供油 泵 25的工作寿命。 而增加压力保护阀 51后， 供油泵 25则不会受到供油阀 44的开关影响， 工作 稳定。 同时， 由于供油泵 25能保持稳定的供燃料压力， 油路控制简 19的安装位置可以随意设 置， 不受柴油箱和乳化油箱的安装位置的影响。
加热装置如图 1和图 4所示，用于将冷却水中发动机产生的废热，通过换热器来提高乳化 油的温度、 降低乳化油粘度和提高乳化油含水量。 发动机产生的热量是由冷却水经过散热器 来排放， 冷却水的温度由恒温器和散热器控制在 80摄氏度左右， 利用冷却水的热能既安全又 环保。 当发动机冷却水温度传感器 49测得水温高于设定温度时， 开始供应乳化油， 乳化油经 换热器 21加热后， 通过主油管 47、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 7、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52 供给发动机。 使用该加热装置会有以下效果： 1.提高乳化油温度， 降低乳化油粘度； 2.提高乳 化油含水量； 3.便于乳化油的供油； 4.发动机使用乳化油时怠速运转平稳。
如图 4所示， 所述换热器 21和柴油发动机之间辅油泵 26的输出端装设有压力保护阀 52。 能保证辅油泵 26不受发动机用油量的影响， 保证辅油泵 26的供油压力和流量。
净化管道如图 1和图 5所示， 用于停机时使用柴油清除掉油路和发动机内的乳化油， 1、 避免乳化油在油管内沉积形成油泥， 油泥可以堵塞油管、 发动机喷嘴和过滤器；2、 避免乳化 油在发动机的喷头上分离出水分而损害机件； 3、 保障了发动机使用柴油的正常启动。 如图 5 所示， 在柴油发动机点火开关关闭时， 经管理模块内的时间继电器设置发动机延时运行设定 时间， 此时开始净化工作。 乳化油净化管道包括第一净化管道 17、 第二净化管道 48和第三净 化管道 27。 其中， 第一净化管道 17连接副油箱和主油管进油端， 第二净化管道 48连接主油管 出油端和油路控制简 19, 第三净化管道 27连接副油管出油端和主油管出油端。 净化时， 保证 电磁阀 2开启， 电磁阀 7关闭， 柴油从副油箱 28经副油管 45、 过滤器 14、 电磁阀 2、 第三净化管 道 27、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52进发动机内燃烧， 清除发动机内乳化油、 辅油泵 26内以及阀门等装置内的乳化油； 同时保证电磁阀 3、 4、 5开启， 电磁阀 1、 6关闭， 柴油从副 油箱 28、 过滤器 15、 电磁阀 3、 单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 4、 第一净化管 道 17、 主油管 47、 换热器 21、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 5和第二净化管道 48进入油路控制简 19, 清除 主油管内的乳化油。 使用柴油净化发动机和主油管具有以下效果： 1.防止乳化油分离出的水 分损坏发动机机件； 2.防止油路产生油泥； 3、 主油管内是柴油， 便于发动机启动后的运转。 又如图 5所示， 在副油管 45和柴油发动机之间装设有单向阀 58 , 避免辅油泵 26开启时， 将燃料送回副油管 45。
如图 1所示， 柴油箱 31的柴油通过浮球阀 43进入副油箱 28 , 然后再分别供给其他装置； 能防止柴油箱与其他装置之间的液体连通窜流。
管理模块如图 1和图 6所示， 当柴油发动机启动时， 先通过副油管供应柴油； 回油进副 油箱。 发动机正常供电后， 由管理模块控制柴油发动机促成系统开始工作。 第一、 如果冷却 水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 循环乳化油混合简内的乳化油； 在管理模 块控制下电磁阀 8和 8A打开， 同时启动混合泵 24, 电磁阀 8B关闭， 将乳化油从混合桶 18 中下端和底部抽取循环， 乳化油经电磁阀 8和 8A、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50、 静态混合器 20到雾化冲击喷头 36喷入简内； 经过设定时间后混合泵 24停止工作， 电磁阀 8 和 8A关闭； 目的是使简内乳化油品质一致。 经过设定时间主油管开始供油； 第二、 如果当 冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度达到设定温度时， 在管理模块控制下副油管 45立即关 闭， 转为主油管 47向发动机供油。 此时电磁阀 2、 4、 5关闭， 打开电磁阀 6、 7 , 启动供油 泵 25、 辅油泵 26, 乳化油经单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6、 供油阀 （电 磁阀或浮球阀） 44、 油路控制简 19、 单向阀 56、 主油管 47、 换热器 21、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 7、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52供给发动机。 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水 温度低于设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 3 , 关闭电磁阀 1 , 供柴油； 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得 冷却水温度达到设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 1 , 关闭电磁阀 3 , 供乳化油。 乳化油经乳化油混合 简 18、 单向阀 54、 电磁阀 1、 单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6供给油路控 制简。 管理模块在乳化油混合装置中通过对电磁阀和泵的管理控制， 使得粘油水和柴油按设 定比例标准混合（具体实施如前所述）。 柴油发动机点火开关关闭时， 经管理模块设置发动机 还要运行设定时间， 此时净化工作开始进行， 用柴油清除各油路和发动机内的乳化油 （具体 实施如前所述）。 本系统发生以下意外或紧急故障时， 系统关闭， 发动机可以转换回柴油， 正 常运转， 保护司乘人员的安全。 （1 )所述乳化油促成系统断电： （2 )所述乳化油促成系统内 的任何装置发生故障； （3 )发动机冷却水温度低于设定温度； （4 ) 盛放粘油水的粘油水箱液 位处于设定液位以下； （5 )柴油箱液位处于设定液位以下。此时柴油经副油箱 28、副油管 45、 过滤器 14、 单向阀 58、 供给发动机使用， 发动机回油经回油管 46A、 三通电磁阀 37进入副 油箱 28。 上述管理模块有以下效果： 1.协调控制整个乳化油促成系统； 2.控制柴油和乳化油 的转换； 发动机启动时用柴油， 适时转换成乳化油； 关机用柴油清除掉发动机和油路中的乳 化油； 3、 系统中一旦发生意外或紧急故障时， 发动机可以转换回柴油， 正常运转， 保护司乘 人员的安全。
本发明系统安装在康明斯直列 6缸 400马力柴油发电机上，用于船厂的电焊工作。 当柴 油发电机启动时， 柴油经副油箱 28 (副油箱内供油阀 43 , 供油阀 43是浮球阀）、 副油管 45、 过滤器 14、 电磁阀 2、 单向阀 58向发电机供油。 发电机启动输出电压稳定后， 乳化油促成系 统开始工作。 第一、 如果冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 循环乳化油 混合简内的乳化油； 在管理模块控制下电磁阀 8和 8A打开， 同时启动混合泵 24, 电磁阀 8B 关闭， 将乳化油从混合桶 18中下端和底部抽取循环， 乳化油从混合简底部经电磁阀 8和 8A、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50、 静态混合器 20到雾化冲击喷头 36喷入简内； 经过 设定时间后混合泵 24停止工作， 电磁阀 8和 8A关闭； 目的是使简内乳化油品质一致。 经过 设定时间主油管开始供油； 第二、 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度达到设定温度时， 在管理模块控制下副油管 45立即关闭， 转为主油管 47向发动机供油。 此时电磁阀 2、 4、 5 关闭， 打开电磁阀 6、 7 , 启动供油泵 25、 辅油泵 26, 乳化油经单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力 保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6、 供油阀 （电磁阀或浮球阀） 44、 油路控制简 19、 单向阀 56、 主油管 47、 换热器 21、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 7、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52供给发动机. 当 冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度低于设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 3 , 关闭电磁阀 1 , 供柴 油； 当冷却水温度传感器 49测得冷却水温度达到设定温度时， 打开电磁阀 1 , 关闭电磁阀 3 , 供乳化油。 乳化油经乳化油混合简 18、 单向阀 54、 电磁阀 1、 单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力 保护阀 51、 电磁阀 6供给油路控制简 19。 乳化油混合简 18内的油量由液位传感器 34感应， 当液面到达低位时， 管理模块控制混合装置开始工作： 按比例配油混合； 粘油水与柴油按照 体积比 1 : ( 1.5-3 ) 的比例， 粘油水从粘油水箱 30出、 经过滤器 11、 电磁阀 9、 配油泵 22; 柴油从副油箱 28出、 经过过滤器 12、 电磁阀 10、 配油泵 23 , 共同通过混合器 35、 压力开关 16、 电磁阀 8B、 单向阀 53、 混合泵 24、 压力保护阀 50至静态混合器 20混合后， 经冲击喷 头 36进入乳化油混合简 18; 当简内乳化油达到液位传感器 34高位时即停止配油。 乳化油循 环出口低于液位传感器 34的低位。 充分混合后生产出高品质乳化油。发电机回油经发电机回 油管 46进入油路控制简 19, 回油内的空气经排气浮球阀 42排出， 回油继续进入主油管 47 , 燃料由供油阀 44控制供油； 当回油较少时， 供油阀打开输入燃料。
在柴油发电机点火开关关闭时，经管理模块内的时间继电器设置发电机延时运行设定时 间， 此时开始净化工作。 乳化油净化管道包括第一净化管道 17、 第二净化管道 48和第三净 化管道 27。 其中， 第一净化管道 17连接副油箱和主油管进油端， 第二净化管道 48连接主油 管出油端和油路控制简 19, 第三净化管道 27连接副油管出油端和主油管出油端。 净化时， 保证电磁阀 2开启， 电磁阀 7关闭， 柴油从副油箱 28经副油管 45、 过滤器 14、 电磁阀 2、 第三净化管道 27、 单向阀 57、 辅油泵 26、 压力保护阀 52进发电机内燃烧， 清除发电机内乳 化油、 辅油泵 26内以及阀门等装置内的乳化油； 同时保证电磁阀 3、 4、 5开启， 电磁阀 1、 6关闭， 柴油从副油箱 28、 过滤器 15、 电磁阀 3、 单向阀 55、 供油泵 25、 压力保护阀 51、 电磁阀 4、 第一净化管道 17、 主油管 47、 换热器 21、 过滤器 13、 电磁阀 5和第二净化管道 48进入油路控制简 19, 清除主油管内的乳化油。 再次点火， 发电机正常启动， 重复以上工作 程序。 在整个过程中， 乳化油和柴油供应自动平稳转换， 发电机运转正常， 转速保持在 1500 转每分钟。 由于乳化油的含水量高达 33% , 达到了节能减排的目的。 并解决了柴油发动机在 使用乳化油和柴油双燃料时遇到技术和巿场推广上的所有问题， 使乳化油这种环保燃料的普 及使用成为现实， 具有极其重大的商业价值。

Claims

要 求 书
1. 一种柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 包括
粘油水箱， 用于盛放由水和油水结合剂充分混合的粘油水；
乳化油混合装置， 用于混合粘油水和柴油得到乳化油；
油路控制装置， 分别与柴油箱、 乳化油混合装置、 发动机回油管、 净化管道和主油管 连接；
加热装置， 与油路控制装置相连， 发动机冷却水流经该加热装置给来自油路控制装置 的燃料加热；
管理模块， 用于控制供给发动机柴油和乳化油之间的切换； 在柴油发动机点火开关关 闭后， 控制柴油清除发动机内的乳化油和清除主油管和设置于主油管上装置内的乳化油； 以及控制上述粘油水箱、乳化油混合装置、油路控制装置和加热装置的运行； 其特征在于： 所述乳化油混合装置包括混合器、 压力开关、 静态混合器和乳化油混合桶， 来自粘油 水箱的粘油水水平射入直立的混合器， 柴油从混合器的上方射入所述混合器， 该混合器的 下方输出端与所述压力开关相连。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 还包括副油箱， 柴油箱的 柴油通过浮球阀进入副油箱， 然后再分别供给其他装置。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 还包括混合泵和压力保护 阀， 来自所述混合器的液体流经该混合泵和压力保护阀进入所述静态混合器。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 还包括冲击喷头， 来自静 态混合器的液体经冲击喷头喷入所述乳化油混合桶。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 所述油路控制装置中的供 油泵输出端装设有压力保护阀。
6. 如权利要求 1所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 在所述加热装置和柴油发 动机之间设置有辅油泵， 该辅油泵的输出端装设有压力保护阀。
7. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 还包括有乳化油净化 管道， 其中， 第一净化管道连接柴油箱 /副油箱和主油管进油端， 第二净化管道连接主油管 出油端和油路控制装置中的油路控制简， 第三净化管道连接副油管出油端和主油管出油 端。
8. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 所述粘油水箱和柴油 箱 /副油箱与混合器之间均依次设置有过滤器、 电磁阀和配油泵。
9. 如权利要求 1或 2所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 在柴油箱 /副油管和柴 油发动机之间装设有单向阀。
10.如权利要求 1或 2所述的柴油发动机乳化油促成系统， 其特征在于： 所述柴油发动机乳化 油促成系统中的发动机回油管通过一个三通电磁阀分别连接油路控制简和柴油箱 /副油箱， 通往柴油箱 /副油箱的方向常开。
11.一种柴油发动机乳化油混合装置， 其特征在于： 所述乳化油混合装置包括混合器、 压力开 关、 静态混合器和乳化油混合桶， 来自粘油水箱的粘油水水平射入直立的混合器， 柴油从 混合器的上方射入所述混合器， 该混合器的下方输出端与所述压力开关相连。
12.如权利要求 11 所述的柴油发动机乳化油混合装置， 其特征在于： 还包括混合泵和压力保 护阀， 来自所述混合器的液体流经该混合泵和压力保护阀进入所述静态混合器。
13.如权利要求 11 所述的柴油发动机乳化油混合装置， 其特征在于： 还包括冲击喷头， 来自 静态混合器的液体经冲击喷头喷入所述乳化油混合桶。
PCT/CN2012/072993 2012-03-26 2012-03-26 柴油发动机乳化油促成系统及混合装置 WO2013143049A1 (zh)

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