WO2013133762A1 - Racle à revêtement multicouche réalisée par électrodéposition sous impulsions de courant - Google Patents

Racle à revêtement multicouche réalisée par électrodéposition sous impulsions de courant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013133762A1
WO2013133762A1 PCT/SE2013/050212 SE2013050212W WO2013133762A1 WO 2013133762 A1 WO2013133762 A1 WO 2013133762A1 SE 2013050212 W SE2013050212 W SE 2013050212W WO 2013133762 A1 WO2013133762 A1 WO 2013133762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
feature
nickel
layer
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/050212
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Debbie ÅGREN
Jan-Åke HAGLUND
Erik MÅNSSON
Wolfgang Hansal
Gabriela SANDULACHE
Martina Halmdienst
Original Assignee
Swedev Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Swedev Ab filed Critical Swedev Ab
Priority to EP13757582.5A priority Critical patent/EP2823100A4/fr
Publication of WO2013133762A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013133762A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N10/00—Blankets or like coverings; Coverings for wipers for intaglio printing
    • B41N10/005—Coverings for wipers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F31/00—Inking arrangements or devices
    • B41F31/02—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices
    • B41F31/04—Ducts, containers, supply or metering devices with duct-blades or like metering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
    • B41F9/06—Details
    • B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
    • B41F9/10—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices
    • B41F9/1072—Blade construction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • C25D5/14—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium two or more layers being of nickel or chromium, e.g. duplex or triplex layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/16—Electroplating with layers of varying thickness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/18—Electroplating using modulated, pulsed or reversing current
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/605—Surface topography of the layers, e.g. rough, dendritic or nodular layers
    • C25D5/611—Smooth layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
    • C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0621—In horizontal cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0671—Selective plating
    • C25D7/0678—Selective plating using masks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0692—Regulating the thickness of the coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G3/00—Doctors
    • D21G3/005—Doctor knifes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/34—Knife or blade type coaters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • D21H25/10—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material with blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/0817—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line characterised by means for removing partially liquid or other fluent material from the roller, e.g. scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/02—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface
    • B05C11/04—Apparatus for spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to a surface ; Controlling means therefor; Control of the thickness of a coating by spreading or distributing liquids or other fluent materials already applied to the coated surface with blades

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to doctor blades provided with a pulse plated coating. It also relates to a coated steel strip for a doctor blade, the strip has a width of 5-80 mm, a thickness of 0.05-1 mm and a length of up to 500 m, wherein the coated steel strip is provided with a multiple layer coating comprising at least one electrolytically pulse- plated abrasion resistant nickel composite layer and at least one outer electrolytically pulse-plated low-friction nickel or nickel composite layer.
  • the present invention also relates to the method for the manufacture of said coated steel strip.
  • Doctor blades are used in the printing industry, in order to scrape printing ink from a rotating roll.
  • problems with wear of the roll and of the doctor blade arise.
  • the problem of wearing of a blade of doctor type has been addressed in a number of patent applications, e.g. WO 2011088583, WO 2010040236, WO 2006112522 and WO 2003064157, by the provision of a blade that has an abrasion resistant coating.
  • start up time Another problem that may arise is an unacceptably long idling time ("start up time") with a new doctor blade, due to the new blade containing irregularities in the initial unused blade surface. Defects as small as 10 ⁇ or less can cause problems with streaks or hazing, depending on the material to be printed.
  • start up time When the blade has a hard surface it takes a longer time to wear through surface irregularities and to form a smooth abutment surface on the doctor blade, which is to abut closely against the print roll.
  • the development of higher-resolution printing applications places higher demands on the surface finish of doctor blades, and as printers experience a growing number of shorter printing jobs, they demand a quicker start up for each job to minimize downtime and waste.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide a doctor blade having an overall better performance than known doctor blades.
  • a particular object of the invention is to provide a doctor blade having improved running in characteristics, in particular a reduced running in time and a reduced risk for streaks or other defects during start up.
  • Another object is to further improve the ink scraping properties of the doctor blade, in particular at high printing speeds so as to avoid undesirable discoloration.
  • a further object is to provide a doctor blade, which reduces the printing downtime not only by a shorter running in time but also by a longer life time.
  • the doctor blade has a property profile fulfilling the increasing demands in the printing industry.
  • the blade according to the invention exhibits an even and smooth surface and may have a lubricating effect.
  • the blade according to the invention exhibits as well a good abrasion resistance of the inner coated layers.
  • the blade according to the invention can combine these two features of good inner abrasion resistance and smooth lubricating surface to exhibit a good wear resistance without causing increased wear on a rotating roll, which the blade bears against.
  • the blade may be tailored to needs of the individual printer.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to present a method for continuous electrolytically pulse-plated nickel and/or nickel-alloy coating of such a blade, in at least two, preferably three layers.
  • Fig. 1 is showing, in cross-section, a doctor blade according to the invention, which butts against a roll,
  • Fig. 2 is showing a block diagram, in side view, over the pulse-plating process according to the invention
  • Fig. 3 is showing, in perspective, an example of how the masking of the doctor blade can be accomplished during the coating process
  • the blade exhibits a coating which is thicker on the underneath side than on the top side, at least at a wear section of the blade, i.e. a front part of the blade where the steel core exhibits a thickness of about 30-300 ⁇ .
  • the coating may exhibit a total thickness of 8-25 ⁇ on the underneath side, preferably 10-20 ⁇ and even more preferred 13-18 ⁇ , while the coating on the top side typically exhibits a total thickness of 3-15 ⁇ , preferably 3-10 ⁇ , at the wear section.
  • This design of the coating aims at that the forces which the blade is exposed to should be absorbed in the most favourable way.
  • the blade exhibits a section of the coating on its top side, in the following denoted a reinforcement section, which exhibits a largest thicloiess which is larger than the thicloiess on the top side of the wear section of the blade and preferably also larger than the thickness of the coating on the underneath side of the wear section of the blade, as seen in the normal against the surface of the blade.
  • the reinforcement section normally exhibits a largest thickness of 10-40 ⁇ , preferably 15-35 ⁇ , as seen in the normal against the surface of the blade.
  • This reinforcement section is arranged at the transition section between the wear section of the blade and the rear part of the blade, on the top side of the blade, with the memepose of absorbing stresses in the surface layer of the blade when the blade has been worn all the way down to or in the vicinity of this transition section, normally first at the parts of the blade that are positioned outside the pattern surface, i.e. the ends of the blade. Thanks to the reinforcement section, the wear is stopped and the stresses are diverted into the doctor blade. Hereby, fissure forming is prevented at the transition section between the wear section and the rear part of the blade.
  • the life term of the blade may be considerably prolonged, since the wear section may be used to considerably more than the conventional 10-20% before it has to be exchanged due to wear and thereby following fissure formation in the ends of the blade.
  • the different thicknesses of the coatings, including the reinforcement section are achieved in a continuous process for electrolytic nickel and/or nickel-alloy coating in two or more steps, by use of a total or partial masking of the different parts of the blade.
  • Other process parameters too such as current density, duty cycle, frequency, pulse polarity, positioning of the strip in relation to the electrodes, i.e. the distance between the same, and the like, may be used in order to control the formation of the coatings in different positions of the blade.
  • the process and the masking according to the invention are described in greater detail in connection with the drawings description below.
  • the coatings are at least on the underneath side of the blade at its wear section and a short distance beyond the transition section between the wear section and the rear part of the blade, formed of two or more layers having different compositions.
  • At least two layers, preferably three or four layers, of different compositions and particle size distributions are formed by the continuous process for electrolytically pulse-plated nickel and/or nickel-alloy coating in several steps (several cells), at least one of these layers comprising particles that increase the abrasion resistance of the coating (abrasion resistant particles) arranged either homogeneously or in a gradient (smaller to larger or larger to smaller) within the coating.
  • Such particles may e.g.
  • a layer may be constituted by metal oxides, carbides or nitrides, e.g. Zr0 2 , A1 2 0 3 , Si0 2 , SiO, Ti0 2 , ZnO, SiC, TiC, VC, WC, SiN and/or cubic BN. Most preferred is use of SiC and/or cubic BN. Besides giving an increased hardness, such a layer counteracts the formation of burrs, and can be tailored to suit the particular printing conditions (e.g. ink pigment size).
  • At least one other of these layers also comprises particles that increase the lubricating effect of the coating, preferably hexagonal BN.
  • An alternative second layer or a third, outermost layer is preferably constituted by an electrolytically pulse- plated nickel coating essentially without a content of abrasion resistant or lubricating particles, whereby the outemiost layer instead can be constituted by an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating which is free from additives apart from the additives that conventionally are used in connection with the application of such coatings or an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating which comprises additives of Teflon/PFTE type.
  • Teflon/PTFE type it is hereby meant additives such that the surface of the doctor blade exhibits properties obstructing the adhesion of ingredients in the ink which is used by the end user together with the doctor blade.
  • the coating may be constituted by two, three or more layers according to the above, optionally of the same type and in the same order as on the underneath side.
  • the greater part of the thickness of the coating at the reinforcement section may be constituted by a layer with abrasion resistant particles, the other layers exhibiting in the main the same thickness at the reinforcement section as at the wear section, on the top side of the blade.
  • there is made use of more than one layer both on the top side and on the underneath side the number of layers however being greater on the underneath side than on the top side.
  • the blade in the rear part of its top and underneath side, only exhibits one coating layer, which is preferably constituted by an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating essentially without a content of particles or an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating comprising additives of the type
  • the layer instead comprises other particles according to the above.
  • the coating layer suitably has a thickness of about 1-10 ⁇ , preferably 1-6 ⁇ .
  • the rear part may exhibit two or more layers according to the above, the outermost layer being constituted by an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating essentially without a content of particles or an electrolytically pulse-plated nickel coating comprising additives of the type Teflon/PTFE.
  • the outermost coating layer of the blade preferably without any additives or only having additives of the type
  • Teflon/PTFE may be the same over the entire blade, whereby this outermost layer suitably is applied in a final electrolytic cell without masking.
  • the particle density of the particles used in the layers depend to a certain degree on the particle size of the pigment which is to be used in the printing, when the blade is a doctor blade. The less the size of the pigment particles, the less the size of the abrasion resistant particles, and the greater the particle density in the layers.
  • the lubricating particles e.g. hexagonal BN should be smaller than 4 ⁇
  • the abrasion resistant particles e.g. SiC
  • the additives of the type Teflon/PTE should be smaller than 5 ⁇ .
  • Typical content of particles in the respective layers are 0-20 weight-%, preferably 2-15 weight-% and even more preferred 3-7 weight-%.
  • this heat treatment may be combined with, i.e. performed at the same time as, a heat treatment step which is required to achieve an increased hardness in the layers when the electrolyte bath is of nickel alloy type, preferably at 100-500°C, and even more preferably at 100-300°C for at least 30 minutes.
  • the hardness of this layer may be up to 800 HV, preferably up to 900 HV and even more preferred up to 1000 HV for a phosphorus content of 2 - 20% in the coating.
  • the hardness of a coating layer comprising hexagonal BN is typically about 620 -700 HV, and always lower than the layer comprising abrasion resistant particles, however higher than the hardness of the steel in the core of the blade.
  • the hardness of a coating layer comprising pure nickel is typically about 300-500 HV. When used as an outer layer this softer nickel can adapt quickly to the harder printing cylinder surface and decrease the running in time of the blade. All HV values are given for a load of 100g.
  • a doctor blade 1 (Fig. 1), which is intended to be used to scrape off printing ink from a rotating roll 2, which roll normally is a so called anilox roll or engraving roll.
  • a doctor blade 1 is exposed to forces indicated by arrows.
  • the doctor blade 1 exhibits a steel core, with about 0.35-1.2% C, which has been hardened to a hardness of about 550-750 HV and has been lamella ground.
  • lamella grinding it is meant that the blade exhibits a rear, thicker part 3, normally 0.15-0.6 mm thick, for clamping in a holder (not shown) for the blade, and a front, thinner part 4, normally about 50 ⁇ thick, which constitutes a wear section.
  • the blade exhibits a sharp edge 5 on its top side, and thereafter a soft, gradual transition 6 down towards the wear section 4.
  • the blade 1 On the underneath side, the blade 1 is entirely flat, except at the tip 7, which may be softly chamfered.
  • the blade 1 may exhibit a total extension (width) of 8-120 mm in the shown cross-section. Normally, the edge 5 is situated less than 10 mm from the tip 7 of the blade.
  • the blade 1 On its underneath side, the blade 1 exhibits a coating 8, which is formed from at least two different layers 8a, 8b, 8c and which exhibits a total thickness of 10-20 ⁇ .
  • This underneath coating 8 may extend over the entire or essentially the entire underneath side of the blade, or only over the wear section 4 and a short distance past the transition section 5,6.
  • a coating 8 is arranged on the top side of the blade, which coating is formed from at least one layer 9a, 9b and which exhibits a total thickness of 3-15 ⁇ , up to about 70% of the extension of the wear section, as seen from the tip of the blade. After these about 70% of the extension of the wear section, there is formed a
  • the rear part 3 also exhibits at least one coating layer 11.
  • the top coating 9a and underneath coatings 8a, 8b, 8c may exhibit numerous variations in particle size distribution, due to that the particle size distribution can be controlled by the pulsing parameters in each coating step.
  • a particle content of 2 - 300 g/1 in the bath may typically be used.
  • a rounded edge tip of the blade which is a result of the original shaved edge profile remaining after grinding of the lamella in the steel strip substrate.
  • radius edge deviation (RED) of the coating surface may be defined as the length of a protrusion or intrusion expressed as a % of the blade edge radius, e.g. a protrusion of ⁇ may be expressed as a RED of 6.7% of a 0.15 mm tip edge radius.
  • a conceivable embodiment of a doctor blade of steel having a multiple layer coating comprising at least one electrolytically pulse-plated abrasion resistant nickel composite layer comprising a nickel-based matrix and up to 30 weight % in total of other alloying elements, in particular anyone of P, Co, Sn, Cu, Fe, W, Mn, Mo and abrasion resistant particles and optionally lubricating particles and/or additives, and at least one outer electrolytically pulse-plated low-friction nickel or nickel composite layer, wherein at least one outer low-friction nickel layer comprises nickel and up to 30 weight % in total of other alloying elements, in particular anyone of P, Co, Sn, Cu, Fe, W, Mn, Mo and optionally lubricating particles and/or additives, said outer layer fulfils at least one of the following conditions regarding surface roughness (Ra) and radius edge deviations (RED): Ra ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ , preferably 0.01-0.05 ⁇ and RED ⁇ 7%, preferably ⁇ 5%, wherein the RED
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a block diagram in side view intended to illustrate the process for the electrolytically pulse-plated nickel or nickel alloy coating according to the invention.
  • the doctor blade 1 is brought to pass as a continuous strip through at least two, in the shown embodiment three electrolytic cells and rinses 21, 22, 23 with contact polarisation of the blade 1 via cathodic electrode rollers 25.
  • Between one and four pulse rectifiers may be connected to each cell, e.g. 27a,27b,27c,27d to cell 21, 28a,28b,28c,28d to cell 22 and
  • 29a,29b,29c,29d to cell 23, depending on the coating construction to be manufactured. It is preferred that the cells are adequately wide so that two or more blades can be coated at the same time during continuous operation.
  • Anodic electrodes 26 are arranged in the cells 21, 22, 23. There is a continuous flow of electrolyte through the cells allowing electrical contact between the anodes and cathodic strip. Due to carrying between the cells, the formed coating layers may be brought to contain a small amount of particles other than the ones specified as "nominal" for each layer. This is true also for layers stated to be without particles. However, this deviation from the nominal composition is so small that it will not affect the concept of the invention to any considerable degree.
  • Each cell 21, 22, 23 contains a nickel electrolyte bath of the type well known in the art i.e. normally comprising NiS0 4 , NiCl 2 , H 3 B0 3; and optionally Ni-sulfamate, NiBr 2, CoCl 2 , SnCl 2 , H 3 P0 3 , H 3 P0 4 , FeS0 4 , CuS0 4 , Na 2 W0 4 , NH 3> and/or saccharin, and at least in one of the cells additives in the form of abrasion resistant particles and/or lubricating particles and/or additives of the PTFE/Teflon type.
  • a nickel electrolyte bath of the type well known in the art i.e. normally comprising NiS0 4 , NiCl 2 , H 3 B0 3; and optionally Ni-sulfamate, NiBr 2, CoCl 2 , SnCl 2 , H 3 P0 3 , H 3 P0 4 , FeS
  • the electrolytic cells operate at a temperature of about 40-60°C and for direct current plating a current density of up to 20 A/dm 2 .
  • the current density may rise to about 200 A/dm during both anodic and cathodic pulse peaks, preferably 0-100 A/dm and even more preferably 3-50 A/dm 2 .
  • Anodic and cathodic pulse peaks may be alternated in a large number of combinations between the cells, resulting in a wide range of variations in plating processing.
  • the larger number of rectifiers may be used to create gradients in particle size distribution within each coating layer.
  • the order between the cells and the masking in the same, according to below, may be varied and naturally depends on the desired end product.
  • Pulse plating techniques present a larger number of available parameters than direct current plating, such as pulse waveform, peak current density, off-time, frequency and duty cycle which can be used to optimize the features of the plated coating. This larger number of parameters can give a wide variation in results, depending on how well the parameters are adjusted to the electrolytic conditions.
  • Well-controlled pulse plating techniques can produce finer-grained deposits with higher density, higher hardness, lower porosity, lower hydrogen content, lower incorporation of impurities, higher coiTosion resistance, improved control of deposition thickness and improved surface finish.
  • Pulse plating parameters can be optimized to produce nickel and nickel-alloy composite coatings with a higher incorporation and more uniform distribution of particles in the metal matrix, a smaller Ni crystallite size, an orientation of crystallite- growth along the plane of the coating rather than columnar, giving coatings with enhanced mechanical properties such as higher hardness due to smaller crystallite size and dispersion-hardening, improved abrasion resistance and finer surface finish. It is suggested that the maximum particle concentration is achieved when the thickness deposited per cycle approaches the diameter of the particles to be embedded. The favourable coating properties achieved by pulse plating can decrease or eliminate the need for surfactant additives in the plating process.
  • pulse plating there are basically two groups of pulse waveforms: unipolar, e.g. all cathodic pulses, and bipolar, a combination of cathodic and anodic pulses. There are many variants of each of these groups.
  • superimposed pulses which are unipolar pulses with a base current, are used to deposit different materials at different potentials, with e.g. a base current density that is up to about 60% of the peak current density, a peak pulse length between 0.5 ms and 100 times the base pulse length which is determined by the frequency..
  • the deposit can grow by charge transfer, adsorption, nucleation, diffusion and growth of crystals.
  • High cathodic peak current density will promote the formation of many nuclei in the deposition.
  • the deposit tends to grow faster at geometrical extremities such as corners of the substrate, where the current density is higher.
  • the deposit can dissolve and passivate by oxidation, and dissolves faster at geometrical extremities and at higher anodic pulse current density.
  • Bipolar pulse sequences can balance the adsorption and desorption of atoms giving the deposit a more even thickness, avoiding the "dog bone” effect at edges, decreasing the content of impurities, increasing the compactness of each plated layer and thereby avoiding pores reaching down to the substrate. This can be advantageous for increasing both the hardness and surface finish of the inner and outer deposited layers to give a surface roughness and shape that shortens the running-in time of a doctor blade, and an inner hardness that increases the lifetime of the doctor blade.
  • off-times in which no current is applied are used to affect the deposition layer structure.
  • hydrogen bubbles formed at high current densities may escape from the cathode surface, however if the off-time is too short they may adhere, causing cracking problems.
  • the off-time can also be used at high current densities for the replenishment of nickel ions near the cathode surface, reducing the risk of a rough surface finish.
  • An off-time that is too long can lead to grain growth and a breakdown of the deposited layer, also risking a rough surface finish. Therefore a correct off-time interval preferably shorter than 2 seconds is required for optimal deposition layer properties.
  • the duty cycle in pulse plating is defined as the time with current on divided by the total on- and off-time, expressed as %.
  • duty cycles are preferably 10 - 90%, and even more preferably 20 - 80%.
  • the pulse frequency can affect the surface roughness of the plated coating. Lower frequencies can result in rougher surfaces due more surface diffusion and larger grain sizes. At higher frequencies, that is shorter pulses, a lower concentration gradient of the plating metal species over the diffusion layer will decrease the diffusion movement and grain growth, resulting in a finer-grained smoother surface.
  • frequencies are preferably 1 - 1000 Hz, and even more preferably 10 - 400 Hz.
  • the pulse-plating of composite layers comprising nickel and nickel-alloy together with dispersed particles presents additional requirements in the optimization of pulse parameters. For example, lower duty cycles favour a higher incorporation of particles, while in bipolar pulsing, a too high anodic peak current density will discourage the incorporation of particles. An optimal combination of parameters will give both a high particle incorporation and small grain size, favouring a superior wear resistance.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown an example of how the strip 1, which is constituted by the doctor blade, continuously runs in the cells 21, 22, 23 according to Fig. 2.
  • each of these cells there is arranged one or more masking devices, whereof the shown masking devices 31, 32 constitute one example of how it can look in one of the cells.
  • the masking devices are fixed in the electrolyte bath in a direction which corresponds to the running direction a of the strip, but are somewhat displaceable in the cross direction.
  • the masking devices are arranged so that a front part of the wear section 4 of the blade 1 is partly masked by the masking device 31.
  • the masking device 31 is arranged to extend about the tip of the blade 1, at a distance approx.
  • a masking device 32 is also arranged to mask the top side of the doctor blade, at its rear part 3. The transition section 6 and the underneath side of the doctor blade are however not masked in the shown embodiment, leading to that thicker coatings 8, 10 (Fig.1) can be formed there. It is to be understood that the shape of the through holes 33 may be varied, they may be circular or oblong e.g., rectangular or oval e.g.
  • a covering layer without abrasion resistant particles but including lubricating particles may be applied on top of the particles in the first layer, in a second step (in a second cell 2) with essentially the same masking as in step 1.
  • the front part of the blade may be masked entirely and its rear part 3 may instead be coated, e.g. by a pure Ni layer, in a third step (in a third cell 23).
  • front part is meant the wear section and reinforcement section, the front part of the underneath side extending all the way to and including the reinforcement section which is arranged on the top side.
  • Ni or “NiX” is meant a nickel coating or nickel alloy coating which has been created by aid of electrolytic nickel coating according to the description above The coating layers used have been numbered so that layer 1 is the layer closest to the blade. By the designations is meant:
  • a NiP comprising 4-5%P and abrasion resistant particles with even distribution
  • NiP comprising 4-5% P and abrasion resistant particles with gradient distribution
  • C NiP comprising 6-8%P and abrasion resistant particles with even distribution
  • D NiP comprising 6-8%P and abrasion resistant particles with gradient distribution
  • E NiP comprising 9-12% P and abrasion resistant particles with even distribution
  • F NiP comprising 9-12% P and abrasion resistant particles with gradient distribution
  • G NiSn comprising abrasion resistant particles with even distribution
  • H NiSn comprising abrasion resistant particles with gradient distribution
  • I Ni comprising abrasion resistant particles with even distribution
  • T Ni comprising additives of the type Teflon/PTFE
  • AL Ni comprising both abrasion resistant and lubricating particles
  • Table 2 exemplifies a number of different conceivable variants of pulse plating parameters according to the invention.
  • the doctor blade of the present invention is particular useful in demanding printing applications requiring short start up times in combination with excellent printing quality and a high durability of the doctor blade.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une racle (1), ayant un revêtement multicouche. Le revêtement comprend au moins une couche composite de nickel résistant à l'abrasion, obtenue par électrodéposition sous impulsions de courant, et au moins une couche composite externe de nickel et/ou de nickel à faible coefficient de frottement, obtenue par électrodéposition sous impulsions de courant. Elle concerne également l'utilisation d'une bande d'acier revêtu pour racle et un procédé de fabrication de ladite racle à partir d'une bande d'acier. La racle selon l'invention présente à la fois une surface régulière et lisse avec effet lubrifiant et une bonne résistance à l'abrasion, et peut être adaptée aux nécessités d'une imprimante individuelle.
PCT/SE2013/050212 2012-03-08 2013-03-08 Racle à revêtement multicouche réalisée par électrodéposition sous impulsions de courant WO2013133762A1 (fr)

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DK178658B1 (da) * 2015-02-04 2016-10-17 Tresu As Kammerrakel
WO2017001657A1 (fr) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-05 Voith Patent Gmbh Composant destiné à une machine de fabrication et/ou de traitement d'une bande de matière fibreuse et procédé de production d'un revêtement d'un composant
CN106702446A (zh) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-24 重庆派馨特机电有限公司 一种搅拌头表面处理工艺
CN106795645A (zh) * 2014-09-18 2017-05-31 莫杜美拓有限公司 用于连续施加纳米层压金属涂层的方法和装置
EP3178654A1 (fr) * 2015-12-10 2017-06-14 Daetwyler Swisstec Ag Racleur
DE102016105168A1 (de) * 2016-03-21 2017-09-21 Allectra GmbH Verbindungselement zur gasdichten Verbindung mit weiteren Bauteilen für Rohrleitungssysteme
EP3225736A1 (fr) * 2016-03-31 2017-10-04 BTG Eclépens S.A. Lame d'enduction masquée
CN108161382A (zh) * 2018-03-15 2018-06-15 江苏亿斯赛尔自动化科技有限公司 圆盘刀焊烧工艺
JP2018532622A (ja) * 2015-11-04 2018-11-08 ビーティジー・エクレパン・エス．エー．Ｂｔｇ Ｅｃｌｅｐｅｎｓ Ｓ．Ａ． ドクターブレード、インク装置、およびフレキソ印刷におけるドクターブレードの使用
CN109177560A (zh) * 2018-09-18 2019-01-11 深圳华美板材有限公司 一种热转印彩涂板及其制造工艺
US10472727B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-11-12 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
US10781524B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2020-09-22 Modumetal, Inc. Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
US10808322B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-20 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
US10844504B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-11-24 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
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US10961635B2 (en) 2005-08-12 2021-03-30 Modumetal, Inc. Compositionally modulated composite materials and methods for making the same
US11118280B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-09-14 Modumetal, Inc. Nanolaminate coatings
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US11286575B2 (en) 2017-04-21 2022-03-29 Modumetal, Inc. Tubular articles with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11293272B2 (en) 2017-03-24 2022-04-05 Modumetal, Inc. Lift plungers with electrodeposited coatings, and systems and methods for producing the same
US11365488B2 (en) 2016-09-08 2022-06-21 Modumetal, Inc. Processes for providing laminated coatings on workpieces, and articles made therefrom
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US11242613B2 (en) 2009-06-08 2022-02-08 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited, nanolaminate coatings and claddings for corrosion protection
US10472727B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-11-12 Modumetal, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuously applying nanolaminate metal coatings
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US11168408B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-11-09 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
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US10844504B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-11-24 Modumetal, Inc. Nickel-chromium nanolaminate coating having high hardness
US10808322B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-10-20 Modumetal, Inc. Electrodeposited compositions and nanolaminated alloys for articles prepared by additive manufacturing processes
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US10781524B2 (en) 2014-09-18 2020-09-22 Modumetal, Inc. Methods of preparing articles by electrodeposition and additive manufacturing processes
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