WO2013131800A1 - Verwendung von substituierten harnstoffen oder urethanen zur verbesserung der gebrauchseigenschaften von mineralischen und synthetischen nicht-wässrigen industrieflüssigkeiten, insbesondere kraftstoffen oder schmierstoffen - Google Patents
Verwendung von substituierten harnstoffen oder urethanen zur verbesserung der gebrauchseigenschaften von mineralischen und synthetischen nicht-wässrigen industrieflüssigkeiten, insbesondere kraftstoffen oder schmierstoffen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013131800A1 WO2013131800A1 PCT/EP2013/054008 EP2013054008W WO2013131800A1 WO 2013131800 A1 WO2013131800 A1 WO 2013131800A1 EP 2013054008 W EP2013054008 W EP 2013054008W WO 2013131800 A1 WO2013131800 A1 WO 2013131800A1
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2227—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond urea; derivatives thereof; urethane
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- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
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- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/2381—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyamides; polyamide-esters; polyurethane, polyureas
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
- C10M133/18—Amides; Imides of carbonic or haloformic acids
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- C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M149/14—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds a condensation reaction being involved
- C10M149/20—Polyureas
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- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
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- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1976—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid poly-carboxylic
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- C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
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- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of certain substituted ureas or urethanes to improve the performance characteristics of mineral and synthetic non-aqueous industrial fluids.
- non-aqueous industrial fluids which may contain water in individual cases, but whose essential effect is based on non-aqueous components, lubricants, lubricants and lubricating oils in the broadest sense, in particular engine oils, gear oils, axle oils, hydraulic fluids, hydraulic oils, compres- 5 sorentensionkeiten , Compressor oils, circulating oils, turbine oils, transformer oils,
- Performance properties which are improved by the substituted ureas or urethanes are in particular the lubricating effect, the friction wear, the service life, the corrosion protection, the antimicrobial protection, the demulsifying ability with regard to facilitating the separation of water and impurities and the filterability.
- the present invention relates to the use of said substituted ureas and urethanes in fuels and in lubricant formulations and such lubricant formulations themselves.
- the present invention further relates to a mixture comprising said substituted ureas or urethanes and the cold flow behavior of mineral oils or crude oils , in particular middle distillate fuels, improving organic compounds and, if appropriate, already dispersing or assisting dispersing organic compounds which are suitable in the cold from mineral oils and crude oils, in particular middle distillate fuels, precipitated paraffin crystals.
- the present invention relates to fuels and fuel additive concentrates containing this mixture.
- Middle distillate fuels of fossil origin especially gas oils, diesel oils or0 light fuel oils derived from petroleum, have different levels of paraffins depending on the source of the crude oil.
- cloudy point or Cloud Point (“CP") precipitates solid paraffins.
- platy n-paraffin crystals form a kind of "house of cards”
- the precipitated n-paraffins in the temperature range between the cloud point and the pour point significantly affect the flowability of the middle distillate fuels; Paraffins clog filters and cause uneven or completely interrupted fuel supply to the combustion units. Similar disturbances occur with light fuel oils.
- n-paraffins can be modified in middle distillate fuels.
- Good effective additives prevent middle distillate fuels from becoming solid at temperatures a few degrees Celsius below the temperature at which the first paraffin crystals crystallize out. Instead, fine, well crystallizing, separate paraffin crystals are formed, which also pass on further lowering of the temperature filter in motor vehicles and heating systems or at least form a permeable for the liquid part of the middle distillates filter cake, so that trouble-free operation is ensured.
- the effectiveness of the flow improvers is usually expressed in accordance with the European standard EN 1 16 indirectly by measuring the Cold Filter Plugging Point ("CFPP").
- CFPP Cold Filter Plugging Point
- MDFI Middle Distillate Flow Improvers
- MDFI Middle Distillate Flow Improvers
- EVA ethylene-vinyl carboxylate copolymers
- a disadvantage of these additives is that the paraffin crystals thus modified, due to their higher density compared to the liquid part, tend to settle more and more at the bottom of the container when storing the middle distillate fuel. As a result, a homogeneous low-paraffin phase forms in the upper container part and a two-phase paraffin-rich layer at the bottom. Since the deduction of the fuel usually takes place slightly above the container bottom both in the vehicle tanks and in storage or delivery tanks of the mineral oil dealer, there is the danger that the high concentration of solid paraffins leads to blockages of filters and metering devices. This danger is greater the further the storage temperature falls below the excretion temperature of the paraffins, since the amount of paraffin precipitated increases with decreasing temperature. In particular, levels of biodiesel also enhance this undesirable tendency of the middle distillate fuel to paraffin sedimentation.
- the said mixtures of FAME with middle distillates generally have a worse low-temperature behavior than middle distillates of fossil or mineral origin alone.
- the addition of FAME tends to produce paraffin sediments in mixtures with middle distillates of fossil origin.
- the FAME mentioned if they are to replace partially as biofuel oils middle distillates of fossil origin, too high CFPP values, so that they can not be easily used as fuel or fuel oil in accordance with the applicable country and region-specific requirements.
- the increase in viscosity on cooling affects the cold property of FAME more than pure middle distillates of fossil or mineral origin.
- Japanese Patent Application JP-A S56-93796 published July 29, 1981, describes the combination of (A) urea or biuret derivatives of polyisocyanates and longer chain dialkylamines and (B) ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers as flow improvers for fuel oils , Such flow improvers modify wax crystals in fuel oils such that the flow behavior of the fuel oil is improved at low temperatures.
- the radicals on the mentioned longer-chain dialkylamines can have 1 to 26 carbon atoms and be linear or branched.
- urea or biuret derivatives (A) are the reaction products of di (n-octadecyl) amine or di (dodecyl) amine and toluene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, trimethylolpropane / 2, 4-toluene diisocyanate (Desmodur® TH) or trimeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (Sumidur® N75). It was the object to provide products that cause an improvement in the performance characteristics of mineral and synthetic non-aqueous industrial fluids.
- R X-CO-NR 3 R 4 in which the variable X is R 2 N or O and the variables R 1 to R 4 are independently hydrogen, C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl radicals which are interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms C3 to C30 alkenyl radicals, C5 to C30 cycloalkyl radicals, C6 to C30 aryl radicals or C7 to C3o arylalkyl radicals, where at least one of the variables R 1 to R 4 is a radical having at least 4 carbon atoms and one or more of the variables R 1 to R 4 must be a radical of the formula (Ia)
- variables A and A' are each an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic bridge member having 1 to 20 Carbon atoms
- the variable X ' is NR 5 or O
- the variable n is an integer from 0 to 50
- the variables R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are independently hydrogen, C to C 30 -alkyl radicals which are represented by a or more oxygen atoms may be interrupted, C3-C3o-alkenyl radicals, C5-C3o-cycloalkyl, C6 to C30 aryl radicals mean, or C7 to C3o-arylalkyl radicals, wherein one or more of the variables R 5 to R 7 is a radical with at least 4 carbon atoms, to improve the performance of mineral and synthetic non-aqueous industrial fluids solved.
- the compounds (I) can also contain several, for example two, three or four, radicals of the formula (Ia). It is also possible to use mixed urea / urethane Compounds (I) having one or more radicals of the formula (Ia) in which the individual variables X and X 'are both NR 2 and O.
- Possible C 1 -C 30 -alkyl radicals R 1 to R 7 are preferably linear or branched alkyl radicals, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, neopentyl , Hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, neooctyl, nonyl, neononyl, isononyl, decyl, neodecyl, 2-propylheptyl, undecyl, neoundecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl (ste
- Alkyl radicals interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms for R 1 to R 7 having up to 30 carbon atoms are, for example, radicals of the formula - (CHR 8 -CH 2 -O) m -R 9 , in which the variable R 8 is hydrogen, for a d- to C 4 -alkyl radical such as methyl, ethyl or n-propyl or phenyl, the variable R 9 has the same meanings as the variables R 1 to R 7 , but in particular hydrogen or linear or branched C 2 -C 20 -alkyl and the variable m is an integer from 1 to 30.
- Possible C 3 to C 30 -alkenyl radicals for R 1 to R 7 are, for example, linear alkenyl radicals such as allyl, oleyl, linolyl and linolenyl.
- Longer-chain linear alkyl radicals and alkenyl radicals may also be of natural origin and, for example, mono-, di- and / or triglycerides in oils or fats such as sunflower oil, palm (kernel) oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, coconut oil, mustard oil Linseed oil, cottonseed oil or tallow fat; such alkyl radicals of natural origin are generally mixtures of homologous or in the chain length similar species.
- Possible C 5 - to C 30 -cycloalkyl radicals for R 1 to R 7 are preferably C 5 - to C 10 -cycloalkyl radicals, for example cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2 , 5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
- Possible C 6 to C 30 aryl radicals for R 1 to R 7 are preferably C 1 to C 10 aryl radicals, for example phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl and o-, m- or p-xylyl.
- Possible C 7 - to C 30 -arylalkyl radicals for R 1 to R 7 are preferably C 7 - to C 10 -arylalkyl radicals, for example benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl and 4-phenylbutyl.
- the said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and arylalkyl radicals may contain, to a limited extent, functional groups such as hydroxyl groups or carboxylic acid ester groups contain, without destroying the predominantly hydrocarbon character of the grouping.
- At least one of the variables R 1 to R 4 and optionally one or more of the variables R 5 to R 7 has 4 or more, preferably 8 to 30, especially 12 to 24 carbon atoms to ensure sufficient oil solubility.
- the remaining variables R 1 to R 7 are then usually short-chain and represent, for example, C 1 to C 4 -alkyl radicals or are hydrogen.
- the variables A and A ' designate bridge members in diureas, bisurethanes, polyureas and polyurethanes. For polyureas and polyurethanes, A and A 'may be different or preferably the same.
- substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) in which the variable A in the formula (Ia) is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-ethylene-3-methylene (derived from the isophorone skeleton) , 1, 6
- n denotes an integer from 1 to 50, preferably 2 to 25, in particular 3 to 20, especially 4 to 10.
- substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) in which the variable X is R 2 N, where R 2 denotes a radical of the formula (Ia) in which the variable n denotes 0, the variables R 1 , R 3 , R 5 and R 7 are each hydrogen and the variables R 4 and R 6 are each the same C 4 - to C 30 -alkyl radical which may be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, C 4 - to C 30 -alkenyl radical, Cs to C3o-cycloalkyl, C6 to C3o-aryl or C7 to C3o-aryl-alkyl.
- the compounds (I) of this embodiment are thus diureas.
- Typical examples of useful diureas and bisurethanes of the general formula (I) are the isophorone-derived compounds of the formula (II)
- R 18 n-tetradecyl
- R17 R19 H
- R16 R 18 phenyl
- Typical examples of usable polyureas and polyurethanes of the general formula (I) are the reaction product of 1 mol of isophorone diisocyanate with a mixture of 0.5 to 1 mol of tridecylamine and 0.5 to 0.75 mol of isophoronediamine to give a polyurea and the reaction product of 1 mole of isophorone diisocyanate with a mixture of 0.5 to 1 mole of tridecanol and 0.5 to 0.75 moles of hexane-1, 6-diol to a polyurethane.
- the diureas, bisurethanes, polyureas and polyurethanes of the general formula (I) are known as such from the prior art and those skilled in the art are familiar with their production possibilities. Common preparation methods for the compounds (I) are based on the reactions of isocyanates with corresponding mono- or polyamines and / or corresponding mono- or polyfunctional alcohols.
- Suitable isocyanates are the polyisocyanates customarily used in polyurethane chemistry, for example aliphatic, aromatic and cycloaliphatic di- and polyisocyanates having hydrocarbon radicals of appropriate chain length or size and having an NCO functionality of at least 1.8, in particular 1.8 to 5, especially 2 to 4, and their isocyanurates, biurets, allophanates and uretdiones.
- customary diisocyanates are: aliphatic and araliphatic diisocyanates such as tetramethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-diisocyanatohexane), octamethylene diisocyanate, decamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, tetradecamethylene diisocyanate, esters of lysine diisocyanate, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate, trimethylhexane diisocyanate or tetramethylhexane diisocyanate; cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as 1, 4, 1, 3 or 1, 2-diisocyanatocyclohexane, the trans / trans, the cis / cis and the cis / trans isomers of the 4,4'- or 2,4 ' Di (isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane, 1-is
- Suitable polyisocyanates are polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, uretdione diisocyanates, polyisocyanates containing biuret groups, polyisocyanates containing urethane or allophanate groups, polyisocyanates containing oxadiazinetrione groups, uretonimine-modified polyisocyanates of linear or branched C 4 -C 20 -alkylene diisocyanates, cycloaliphatic diisocyanates having a total of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or aromatic diisocyanates having a total of 8 to 20 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.
- Isocyanurate group-containing polyisocyanates of aromatic, aliphatic, araliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates are of particular interest here.
- the isocyanurates present are, in particular, trisisocyanatoalkyl or trisisocyanatocycloalkyl isocyanurates, which are cyclic trimers of the diisocyanates, or mixtures with their higher homologues containing more than one isocyanurate ring.
- the isocyanatoisocyanurates have generally an NCO content of 10 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 25 wt .-% and an average NCO functionality of 3 to 4.5.
- uretdione diisocyanates having aromatically, aliphatically, araliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded isocyanate groups, preferably aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bonded and in particular those derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate.
- Uretdione diisocyanates are cyclic dimerization products of diisocyanates.
- the uretdione diisocyanates can be used in the preparations as the sole component or in a mixture with other polyisocyanates, in particular those mentioned under 1. above.
- biuret polyisocyanates generally have an NCO content of 18 to 22 wt .-% and an average NCO functionality of 3 to 4.5.
- Trimethylolpropane, neopentyl glycol, pentaerythritol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, ethyleneglycol, diethylene glycol, glycerol, 1, 2-dihydroxypropane or mixtures thereof can be obtained.
- These urethane and / or allophanate-containing polyisocyanates generally have an NCO content of 12 to 20% by weight and an average NCO functionality of 2.5 to 3.
- oxadiazinetrione-containing polyisocyanates preferably derived from hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate. Such oxadiazinetrione-containing polyisocyanates can be prepared from diisocyanate and carbon dioxide.
- polyisocyanates can be used in a mixture with each other, optionally in admixture with diisocyanates.
- mixtures of these isocyanates in particular the mixtures of the respective structural isomers of diisocyanatotoluene and diisocyanato-diphenylmethane are of importance, above all the mixture of 20 mol% 2,4 diisocyanatotoluene and 80 mol% 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene is of interest.
- mixtures of aromatic isocyanates such as 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene and / or 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate are particularly advantageous, wherein the preferred mixing ratio of aliphatic to aromatic isocyanates 4: 1 to 1: 4.
- Polynuclear diphenylmethane diisocyanate and uretonime-containing diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Lupranat® MM 103) are also important.
- isocyanates which, in addition to the free isocyanate groups, carry further blocked isocyanate groups, for example uretdione or urethane groups.
- the monoamines which can be reacted with the stated diisocyanates and polyisocyanates to form urea systems usually carry one primary or one secondary amino group.
- monoalkylamines and dialkylamines in particular those having at least one longer-chain alkyl radical, for. With at least 4, in particular especially at least 8, especially at least 12 carbon atoms.
- Examples of such monoamines are n-butylamine, n-butylmethylamine, n-butylethylamine, n-butyl-n-propylamine, di (n-butyl) amine, n-pentylamine, neopentylamine, n-hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, n-heptylamine, n-octylamine, di- (n-octyl) amine, neo-octylamine, 2-ethyl-hexylamine, di- (2-ethylhexylamine), n-nonylamine, neononylamine, 2-propylheptylamine, di (2-) propylheptyl) amine, n-undecylamine, neoundecylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tridec
- the alkyl chains in these amines may also be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or by one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms, as in 2-methoxyethylamine, 3-methoxypropylamine, 3-ethoxypropylamine, 3- (2-ethylhexoxy) propylamine, di- (2-) methoxyethyl) amine or in analogous or similar longer-chain polyetheramines and in 2- (diethylamino) ethylamine or 2- (diisopropylamino) ethylamine.
- aromatic and araliphatic amines such as aniline, N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) - aniline, diphenylamine, 2,6-xylidine, o-, m- or p-toluidine, o or ß Naphthylamine, 1-phenylethylamine and 2-phenylethylamine.
- aromatic and araliphatic amines such as aniline, N-methylaniline, N-ethylaniline, N- (2-hydroxyethyl) - aniline, diphenylamine, 2,6-xylidine, o-, m- or p-toluidine, o or ß Naphthylamine, 1-phenylethylamine and 2-phenylethylamine.
- Another example of a useful primary or secondary monoamine is N- (3-aminopropyl) imidazole (Lupragen® API).
- di- and polyisocyanates to urea systems convertible di- and polyamines are generally polyfunctional amines having a molecular weight of 32 to 500, in particular from 60 to 300, which at least two primary, two secondary or one primary and one secondary amino group included, suitable.
- diamines such as 1, 2-diaminoethane, 1, 2-Diaminopro-pan, 1, 3-diaminopropane, diaminobutanes such as 1, 4-diaminobutane, diaminopentanes such as 1, 5-diaminopentane or neopentanediamine, diaminohexanes such as 1, 6-diaminohexane Diaminooctanes, such as 1,8-diaminooctane, piperazine, 2,5-dimethylpiperazine, amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine), 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 3,3'- Dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-methylenedianiline, aminoethylethanol
- the alkyl chains in these amines can also be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms or by one or more tertiary nitrogen atoms, as in 4,7,10-trioxatridecane-1, 13-diamine, 4,9-dioxadodecane-1, 12-diamine or in analog or similar longer chain polyetheramines, e.g. B. in aminated ethylene glycol polyethers or Glycerinpolyethern, and in N, N-bis (3-amino-propyl) methylamine.
- Examples of alcohols which can be reacted with said diisocyanates and polyisocyanates to give urethane systems are monools, especially alkanols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol , tert-butanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, sec-pentanol, tert-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, n-nonanol, n-decanol, 2- Propylheptanol, n-undecanol, n-dodecanol (lauryl alcohol), n-tridecanol, isotridecanol, n-tetradecan
- ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, 1,3-propanediol monomethyl ether and ethoxylates and propoxylates of long-chain amines and carboxamides, such as coconut fatty amine, oleylamine or oleic acid amide.
- monools are 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 3-butyne-2-ol, 4-ethyl-1-octyn-3-ol, ethylene chlorohydrin , Propargyl alcohol, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol (Lupragen® N107), dimethylethanolamine (Lupragen® N101) and trimethylaminoethanolamine (Lupragen® N400). Also suitable as monools are derivatives of glycerol and trimethylolpropane in which 2 of the 3 hydroxyl groups have been derivatized, for example glyceryl distearate or glycerol dioleate.
- Examples of alcohols which can be reacted with the stated diisocyanates and polyisocyanates to give urethane systems are also diols and polyols which have a low molecular weight with molecular weights of usually 50 to 500 daltons, in particular 60 to 200 daltons, or higher molecular weight with molecular weights of usually 500 to 5000 daltons , in particular 1000 to 3000 daltons, can be.
- low molecular weight diols examples include ethylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,3-diol, butane-2,3-diol, but-2-en-1, 4-diol, but-2-yn-1, 4-diol, pentane-1, 2-diol, pentane-1, 5-diol, neopentyl glycol, hex-3-yne-2,5-diol, bis (hydroxymethyl ) cyclohexanes, such as 1,4-bis (hydroxymethyl) cyclohexane, 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 2,2'-thiobisethanol, hydroxypivalic neopentyl glycol ester, Diisopropanol-p-toluidine, N, N-di (2-hydroxyethy
- triols such as glycerol and trimethylolpropane, which are monosubstituted, z.
- glycerol monooleate are suitable.
- the said low molecular weight diols are also used as synthesis components of the polyester polyols listed below, in which case the unbranched diols having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an even number of carbon atoms and pentanediol-1, 5 and neopentyl glycol are preferred.
- trimethylolbutane trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, glycerol, triethanolamine, tripropanolamine, triisopropanolamine, sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, diglycerol, Threit, erythritol, adonite (ribitol), arabitol (lyxite), xylitol, dulcitol (galactitol), maltitol or isomalt, also sugar.
- sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, diglycerol, Threit, erythritol, adonite (ribitol), arabitol (lyxite), xylitol, dulcitol (galactitol), maltitol or isomalt, also sugar.
- monoalcohols which, in addition to the hydroxyl group, carry a further isocyanate-reactive group, in particular aminoalcohols, such as monoalcohols having one or more primary and / or secondary amino groups, for example monoethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 5- Amino-1-penta-nol, 3-dimethylaminopropan-1-ol, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine, 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) morpholine, 2- (2-aminoethoxy) ethanol, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-butylethanolamine, N, N-dibutylethanolamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylethanolamine, N, N-dimethylethanolamine, butyldiethanolamine, N-ethylethanolamine, N, N, N, N
- polyester polyols examples include polyester polyols.
- polyester polyols which are obtained by reacting the abovementioned low molecular weight diols with dibasic carboxylic acids.
- free polycarboxylic acids it is also possible to use the corresponding polycarboxylic acid anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic acid esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof for the preparation of the polyesterpolyols.
- the polycarboxylic acids may be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
- dibasic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof which may be used are: suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic anhydride, glutaric anhydride, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, furthermore dimer fatty acids.
- Succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid and sebacic acid are examples which may be mentioned of dibasic carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof which may be used are: suberic acid, azelaic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic
- polycarbonate diols as can be obtained, for example, by reacting phosgene with an excess of the low molecular weight diols mentioned as synthesis components for the polyester polyols.
- lactone-based polyesterdiols which are homopolymers or copolymers of lactones, in particular addition products of lactones having terminal hydroxyl groups difunctional starter molecules.
- lactones are preferably those which are derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids of the general formula HO- (CH 2) z -COOH, in which z is a number from 1 to 20, in particular an odd number from 3 to 19, z.
- Suitable starter components are, for example, the low molecular weight diols mentioned above as a builder component for the polyesterpolyols.
- the corresponding polymers of ⁇ -caprolactone are of particular interest.
- Lower molecular weight polyester diols or polyether diols can also be used as starters for the preparation of the lactone polymers.
- the polymers of lactones it is also possible to use the corresponding, chemically equivalent polycondensates of the hydroxycarboxylic acids corresponding to the lactones.
- diols and polyether diols are in particular by polymerization of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or epichlorohydrin with itself, for example in the presence of BF3 or by addition of these compounds, optionally in admixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as alcohols or amines, for , For example, water, ethylene glycol, propane-1, 2-diol, propane-1, 3-diol, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxydiphenyl) propane or aniline available.
- polytetrahydrofuran having a molecular weight of 250 to 5000, and especially 1000 to 4500.
- polyester diols and polyether diols can also be used as mixtures in a ratio of 0.1: 1 to 1: 9.
- reaction time can range from a few minutes to a few hours. It is known to those skilled in the polyurethane chemistry how the reaction time can be influenced by a variety of parameters such as temperature, concentration of monomers or reactivity of the monomers.
- the conventional catalysts can be used.
- all catalysts commonly used in polyurethane chemistry come into consideration. These are, for example, organic amines, in particular tertiary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic amines, and / or Lewis-acidic organic metal compounds. As Lewis acidic organic metal compounds come z.
- tin compounds in question such as tin (II) salts of organic carboxylic acids, such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, Tin (II) ethyl hexoate and stannous laurate; and the dialkyltin (IV) salts of organic carboxylic acids, e.g.
- metal complexes such as acetylacetonates of iron, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, manganese, nickel and cobalt are possible, for. Zirconium acetylacetonate and zirconium 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate.
- bismuth and cobalt catalysts and cesium salts can be used as catalysts, eg. B. cesium carboxylates.
- the reaction of said isocyanates with said mono- or polyamines and / or said mono- or polyfunctional alcohols can be carried out in the presence or absence of solvents.
- suitable solvents are aprotic solvents such as open-chain or cyclic carbonates, lactones, di (cyclo) alkyl dipropylene glycol ethers, N- (cyclo) alkylcaprolactams, N- (cyclo) alkylpyrrolidones, ketones, hydrocarbons and amides.
- Suitable polymerization apparatuses for the reaction of said isocyanates with said mono- or polyamines and / or the mono- or polyfunctional alcohols mentioned are stirred tanks, in particular when low-viscosity solvents and good heat dissipation are provided by the concomitant use of solvents. If the reaction is carried out in bulk, extruders, in particular self-cleaning multi-screw extruders, are particularly suitable because of the usually high viscosities and the usually short reaction times.
- the described substituted ureas and urethanes are likewise suitable for improving the cold flow properties and / or the lubricating properties and / or the conductivity and / or the oxidation insensitivity and / or the dispersing behavior of mineral oils and crude oils. The corresponding uses are therefore also the subject of the present invention.
- the described substituted ureas and urethanes are preferably suitable for improving the cold flow properties and / or the lubricating properties of fuels, in particular middle distillate fuels.
- the described substituted ureas and urethanes are used primarily for dispersing or for the supportive dispersion of precipitated in the cold from fuels paraffin crystals.
- the described substituted ureas and urethanes are used in dispersing or assisting dispersion of paraffin crystals precipitated in the cold from fuels in combination with at least one of the cold flow behavior of middle distillate fuels improving organic compound which is selected from (a1) copolymers of a C2 to C4o olefin with at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer;
- Mixtures of different representatives from one of the respective classes (a1) to (a6) as well as mixtures of representatives from different classes (a1) to (a6) can be used.
- Suitable C 2 - to C 4 olefin monomers for the copolymers (a1) are, for example, those having 2 to 20, in particular 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2, in particular having one carbon-carbon double bond.
- the carbon-carbon double bond can be arranged both terminally ( ⁇ -olefins) and internally.
- ⁇ -olefins particularly preferably ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, for example propene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene and, above all, ethylene.
- the at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably selected from carboxylic acid alkenyl esters, (meth) acrylic acid esters and further olefins. If further olefins are polymerized in, these are preferably higher molecular weight than the abovementioned C 2 - to C 4 -olefin basic monomers. If, for example, ethylene or propene is used as the olefin base monomer, suitable further olefins are, in particular, C 10 - to C 40 -alpha-olefins. Other olefins are polymerized in most cases only when monomers with carboxylic acid ester functions are used.
- Suitable (meth) acrylic esters are, for example, esters of (meth) acrylic acid with Cr to C 2 alkanols, in particular C 1 to C 1 alkanols, especially with methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, tert Butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, nonanol and decanol and structural isomers thereof.
- Suitable carboxylic alkenyl esters are, for example, C 2 - to C 6 -alkenyl esters, for example the vinyl and propenyl esters, of carboxylic acids having 2 to 21 carbon atoms, whose hydrocarbon radical may be linear or branched. Preferred among these are the vinyl esters.
- carboxylic acids having a branched hydrocarbon radical preference is given to those whose branching is in the ⁇ position to the carboxyl group, the ⁇ -carbon atom being particularly preferably tertiary, ie the carboxylic acid being a so-called neocarboxylic acid.
- the hydrocarbon radical of the carboxylic acid is linear.
- carboxylic alkenyl esters examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl neopentanoate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl neononanoate, vinyl neodecanoate and the corresponding propenyl esters, the vinyl esters being preferred.
- a particularly preferred carboxylic acid alkenyl ester is vinyl acetate; typical copolymers of group (a1) resulting therefrom are ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers ("EVA"). Very particular preference is given as component (a1) to at least one such ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- copolymers (a1) are those which contain two or more different carboxylic acid alkenyl esters in copolymerized form, these differing in the alkenyl function and / or in the carboxylic acid group.
- copolymers which, in addition to the carboxylic acid alkenyl ester (s), contain at least one olefin and / or at least one (meth) acrylic acid ester in copolymerized form are particularly advantageous ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and their preparation.
- copolymers (a1) are those which contain two or more different carboxylic acid alkenyl esters in copolymerized form, these differing in the alkenyl function and / or in the carboxylic acid group.
- copolymers which, in addition to the carboxylic acid alkenyl ester (s), contain at least one olefin and / or at least one (meth) acrylic acid ester in copolymerized form are particularly advantageous ethylene-vinyl
- (a1) at least one terpolymer of a C2 to C4o- ⁇ -olefin, a C to C2o-alkyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acid having 3 to 15 carbon atoms and a C2 to Cu alkenyl ester of a saturated monocarboxylic acid 2 to 21 carbon atoms.
- terpolymers are described in WO 2005/054314.
- a typical such terpolymer is composed of ethylene, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and vinyl acetate.
- the one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers are in the copolymer (a1) in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 wt .-%, in particular from 10 to 45 wt .-% and especially from 20 to 40 wt .-%, based on the total copolymer, copolymerized.
- the majority by weight of the monomer units in the copolymers (a1) is thus generally derived from the C2 to C4o-based olefins.
- the copolymers (a1) preferably have a number-average molecular weight M n of from 1000 to 20,000 daltons, particularly preferably from 1000 to 10 000 daltons and in particular from 1000 to 8000 daltons.
- M n number-average molecular weight
- the compounds of classes (a2) to (a6) can be advantageously used as components together with the described substituted ureas and urethanes.
- Comb polymers suitable as compounds (a2) are, for example, those described in WO 2004/035715 and in "Comb-Like Polymers, Structure and Properties", NA Plate and VP Shibaev, J. Poly. Be. Macromolecular Revs.
- suitable comb polymers (a2) are, for example, by the copolymerization of maleic anhydride or fumaric acid with another ethylenically unsaturated monomer, for example with an ⁇ -olefin or an unsaturated ester such as vinyl acetate
- Further preferred comb polymers are copolymers of ⁇ -olefins and esterified comonomers, for example esterified copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride or esterified copolymers of styrene and fumaric acid
- homo- and copolymers of vinyl ethers are suitable comb polymers
- Polyoxyalkylenes suitable as compounds (a3) are, for example, polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester / ethers and mixtures thereof, in particular based on polyethylene glycols or polypropylene glycols.
- the polyoxyalkylene compounds contain at least one, more preferably at least two linear alkyl groups each having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and a polyoxyalkylene group having a number average molecular weight of up to 5000 daltons, in particular from 100 to 5000 daltons.
- the alkyl group of the polyoxyalkylene radical preferably contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- polyoxyalkylene esters and diesters of fatty acids having 10 to 30 carbon atoms such as stearic acid or behenic acid.
- Such polyoxyalkylene compounds are described, for example, in EP-A 061 895 and in US Pat. No. 4,491,455.
- Suitable compounds (a4) are the polar nitrogen compounds described below under component (ii).
- Suitable compounds (a5) are sulfocarboxylic acids or sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof, as described, for example, in EP-A-0 261 957.
- Such sulfonecarboxylic acids or sulfonic acids are in particular the reaction products of 1 mol of ortho-sulfobenzoic acid or cyclic anhydride with 2 moles of a long-chain dialkylamine such as hydrogenated Ditalgfettamin.
- Poly (meth) acrylic esters suitable as compounds (a6) are both homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic and methacrylic acid esters. Preference is given to copolymers of at least two different (meth) acrylic esters, which are with the exception of the condensed alcohol. Optionally, the copolymer contains one further polymerized therefrom, different therefrom olefinically unsaturated monomer. The weight-average molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 50,000 to 500,000 daltons.
- a particularly preferred polymer is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of saturated Cu and C15 alcohols wherein the acid groups are neutralized with hydrogenated tallamine. Suitable poly (meth) acrylic esters are described, for example, in WO 00/44857.
- the described substituted ureas and urethanes are also suitable for improving the cold flow properties and / or the lubricating properties of mineral and synthetic lubricants and lubricant formulations produced therefrom.
- the corresponding uses are therefore also the subject of the present invention.
- these lubricant formulations prepared from mineral and synthetic lubricants which contain at least one of the described substituted ureas or at least one of the described substituted urethanes and at least one further additive component customary for lubricant formulations.
- Lubricant formulations are to be understood here in particular as meaning motor oils and gear oils, switching oils and automatic oils.
- Motor oils usually consist of mineral base oils, which contain predominantly paraffinic constituents and are prepared by complex work-up and purification processes in the refinery, with a proportion of normally about 2 to 10 wt .-% of additives (based on the active substance contents).
- the mineral base oils may be partially or completely replaced by synthetic components such as organic esters, synthetic hydrocarbons such as olefin oligomers, poly- ⁇ -olefins or polyolefins or hydrocracking oils.
- Engine oils must have sufficiently high viscosities even at high temperatures to ensure a perfect lubrication effect and good sealing between cylinder and piston.
- motor oils must be of their flow properties also designed so that at low temperatures, the engine can be started easily.
- Engine oils must be resistant to oxidation and must not produce any decomposition products in liquid or solid form and deposits even under severe working conditions. Motor oils disperse solids (dispersant behavior), prevent deposits (detergent behavior), neutralize acidic reaction products and form a wear protection film on the metal surfaces in the engine.
- Engine oils for internal combustion engines in particular for Otto, Wankel, two-stroke and diesel engines, are usually characterized according to viscosity class classes (SAE classes); Of particular interest here are low-viscosity engine oils, especially of the viscosity classes SAE 5 W to 20 W according to DIN 5151 1.
- Gear, shift and automatic oils are similar in composition to their basic components and additives as engine oils.
- the transmission of power in the gear system of transmissions takes place to a large extent by the fluid pressure in the transmission oil between the teeth.
- the gear oil must therefore be such that it can withstand high pressures in the long term without decomposing.
- wear, compressive strength, friction, shear stability, traction and run-in behavior are the decisive factors here.
- the lubricant formulations according to the invention contain the described substituted ureas or urethanes in an amount of usually 0.001 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 8 wt .-% and especially 0 , 1 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total amount of the lubricant formulation.
- the lubricant formulations according to the invention may be added in the usual way, i.
- base oil components such as mineral or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyethers or esters or mixtures thereof, they also contain customary additives other than dispersants, such as detergent additives (HD additives), antioxidants, viscosity index depressants, pour point depressants (cold flow improvers), high-pressure additives (Extreme Pressure Additives), friction modifiers, antifoam additives (defoamers), corrosion inhibitors (metal deactivators), emulsifiers, dyes and fluorescent additives, preservatives and / or odor improvers in the usual amounts.
- detergent additives HD additives
- antioxidants antioxidants
- viscosity index depressants pour point depressants (cold flow improvers)
- high-pressure additives Extreme Pressure Additives
- friction modifiers such as sodium sulfoam additives (defoamers), corrosion inhibitors (metal deactivators), emulsifiers, dyes and fluorescent additives, preservatives and / or odor improver
- substituted urea substances and urethanes in the lubricant formulations can also be used together with other additives having a dispersing action, in particular with other ashless additives having a dispersing effect, eg. B. with polyisobutylsuccinic derivatives.
- the subject of the present invention is also a mixture which
- (Iii) 1 to 99 wt .-%, in particular 5 to 95 wt .-%, especially 10 to 50 wt .-% of at least one of (i) and (ii) different the cold flow behavior of mine Raiölen and crude oil-improving organic compound, wherein the sum of all components (i) to (iii) 100 wt .-% results.
- mineral oils are to be understood as meaning the oils produced by distillation from brown coal, hard coal, peat, wood, petroleum and other mineral or fossil raw materials suitable for this purpose in refineries or similar production plants.
- these mineral oils consist predominantly or exclusively of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
- these oils may also contain alkenes (olefins) and, depending on the provenance, varying small amounts of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing organic compounds.
- mineral oils in the context of the present invention are all refined commercial products, in particular fuels or fuels, fuel oils, heating oils, lubricants or operating fluids, produced by further purification steps such as fractional distillation or catalytic hydrogenation or by admixture with other components or additives understand.
- fuels such as petrol (gasoline) and, in particular, middle distillate fuels such as diesel fuels and jet fuel materials as well as heating oils.
- crude oils are understood to mean crude oils which have not been treated further and from which mineral oils are produced by their extraction and transport, for example by pipeline or by ship, from the production sites to the refineries by distillation.
- the mixture according to the invention is thus suitable as an additive to mineral oils and crude oils, in particular to middle distillate fuels, which may also be mixtures of biofuel oils and middle distillate fuels of mineral or fossil origin. Their addition is mainly used to improve the cold flow behavior of these fluids.
- Middle distillate fuels of mineral or fossil origin which are used in particular as gas oils, petroleum, diesel oils (diesel fuels), turbine fuels, kerosene or (light) fuel oils, are often referred to as fuel oils.
- Such middle distillate fuels generally have boiling temperatures of from 120 to 450.degree.
- component (i), (iii) and optionally (ii) in mineral oils and crude oils the cold flow behavior during their transport, for example, through pipes, pipelines and pipes, and their storage, for example in storage tanks, improved. Further positive effects caused thereby are a better handling, for example a better filterability.
- Component (ii) provides a dispersion or a supportive dispersion of paraffin crystals precipitated cold from the mineral oils and crude oils. These are wax anti-settling additives (WASA).
- WASA wax anti-settling additives
- component (ii) enhances the possible dispersing action of component (i) of the substituted ureas or urethanes.
- substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) are used in mineral oils or crude oils which contain as component (ii) at least one polar nitrogen compound.
- Polar nitrogen compounds useful as component (ii) may be of both ionic and nonionic nature and preferably have at least one, especially at least 2, tertiary nitrogen substituent of general formula> NR 23 , wherein R 23 is a C 8 to C 40 hydrocarbon radical stands.
- the nitrogen substituents may also be quaternized, that is in cationic form. Examples of such nitrogen compounds are ammonium salts and / or amides obtainable by reacting at least one amine substituted with at least one hydrocarbyl radical with a carboxylic acid having 1 to 4 carboxyl groups or with a suitable derivative thereof.
- the amines contain at least one linear Cs to C4o-alkyl radical.
- Primary amines which are suitable for the preparation of said polar nitrogen compounds are, for example, n-octylamine, n-nonylamine, n-decylamine, n-undecylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine and the higher linear homologs, suitable secondary amines being, for example, n-octadecylamine and methylbehenylamine.
- amine mixtures in particular industrially available amine mixtures such as fatty amines or hydrogenated tallamines, as described, for example, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th edition, in the chapter "Amines, aliphatic”.
- Suitable acids for the reaction are, for example, cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexene-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid and succinic acids substituted by long-chain hydrocarbon radicals.
- suitable polar nitrogen compounds are ring systems bearing at least two substituents of the formula -A "-NR 24 R 25 wherein A" represents a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally substituted by one or more moieties selected from O , S, NR 36 and CO, is interrupted, and R 24 and R 25 are a C 9 to C 40 hydrocarbon radical optionally interrupted by one or more moieties selected from O, S, NR 36 and CO, and or substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, SH and NR 36 R 37 , wherein R 36 is C 1 - to C 4 -alkyl optionally substituted by one or more moieties selected from CO , NR 37 , O and S, interrupted, and / or by one or more radicals selected from NR 38 R 39 , OR 38 , SR 38 , COR 38 , COOR 38 , CONR 38 R 39 , aryl or heterocyclyl, wherein R 38 and R 39 are each independently selected from H or C 1
- component (ii) is an oil-soluble reaction product of at least one tertiary amino group-containing poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) with primary or secondary amines.
- the poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) which have at least one tertiary amino group and are based on this reaction product preferably contain at least 3 carboxyl groups, in particular 3 to 12, especially 3 to 5, carboxyl groups.
- the carboxylic acid units in the polycarboxylic acids preferably have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular they are acetic acid units.
- the carboxylic acid units are suitably linked to the polycarboxylic acids, for example via one or more carbon and / or nitrogen atoms. Preferably, they are attached to tertiary nitrogen atoms, which are connected in the case of several nitrogen atoms via hydrocarbon chains.
- Component (ii) is preferably an oil-soluble reaction product based on poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) having at least one tertiary amino group and having the general formula IVa or IVb
- variable A * is a straight-chain or branched C 2 - to C 6 -alkylene group or the grouping of the formula V
- variable B is a C to Cig-alkylene group.
- the preferred oil-soluble reaction product of component (ii), in particular that of the general formula IVa or IVb, is an amide, an amide ammonium salt or an ammonium salt in which none, one or more carboxylic acid groups are converted into amide groups.
- Straight-chain or branched C2 to C6 alkylene groups of the variable A * are, for example, 1,1-ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,3-butylene, 1,4-Bu - ethylene, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene, 1, 5-pentylene, 2-methyl-1,4-butylene, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene, 1,6-hexylene (hexamethylene) and especially 1, 2-ethylene.
- the variable A * comprises 2 to 4, especially 2 or 3 carbon atoms.
- Cr to Ci9-alkylene groups of the variable B are, for example, 1, 2-ethylene, 1, 3-propylene, 1, 4-butylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene, dodecamethylene, tetradecamethylene, hexadecamethylene, octadecamethylene, Nonadecamethylen and especially methylene.
- the variable B comprises 1 to 10, in particular 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
- the primary and secondary amines as reaction partners for the polycarboxylic acids to form component (ii) are usually monoamines, in particular aliphatic monoamines. These primary and secondary amines may be selected from a variety of amines bearing - optionally linked together - hydrocarbon radicals.
- amines which are the oil-soluble reaction products of component (ii) are preferably secondary amines and have the general formula HN (R *) 2 in which the two variables R * independently of one another each represent straight-chain or branched C 10 - to C 30 -alkyl radicals, in particular C to C24 alkyl radicals.
- R * independently of one another each represent straight-chain or branched C 10 - to C 30 -alkyl radicals, in particular C to C24 alkyl radicals.
- These longer-chain alkyl radicals are preferably straight-chain or only slightly branched.
- the abovementioned secondary amines are derived, with regard to their longer-chain alkyl radicals, from naturally occurring fatty acids or from their derivatives.
- the two radicals R * are the same.
- the abovementioned secondary amines can be bound to the polycarboxylic acids by means of amide structures or in the form of the ammonium salts, and only one part can be present as amide structures and another part as ammonium salts. Preferably, only a few or no free acid groups are present.
- the oil-soluble reaction products of component (ii) are completely in the form of the amide structures.
- Typical examples of such components (ii) are reaction products of nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or propylene-1,2-diaminetetraacetic acid with in each case 0.5 to 1.5 mol per carboxyl group, in particular 0.8 to 1.2 mol per carboxyl group, dioleylamine, dipalmitinamine, dicoco fatty amine, distearylamine, dibehenylamine or, in particular, Ditaigfettamin.
- a particularly preferred component (ii) is the reaction product of 1 mol of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 4 moles of hydrogenated dithiol fatty amine.
- component (ii) include the N, N-dialkylammonium salts of 2-N ', N'-dialkylamidobenzoates, for example the reaction product of 1 mole of phthalic anhydride and 2 moles of diethfamine, the latter being hydrogenated or not may be hydrogenated, and the reaction product of 1 mole of a Alkenylspirobislactons with 2 moles of a dialkylamine, for example Ditalgfettamin and / or tallow fatty amine, the latter two may be hydrogenated or not hydrogenated, called.
- N, N-dialkylammonium salts of 2-N ', N'-dialkylamidobenzoates for example the reaction product of 1 mole of phthalic anhydride and 2 moles of diethfamine, the latter being hydrogenated or not may be hydrogenated
- the reaction product of 1 mole of a Alkenylspirobislactons with 2 moles of a dialkylamine for example Ditalgfettamin and /
- component (ii) include hemiamides of dicarboxylic acids which are mentioned by reacting dicarboxylic acids or reactive dicarboxylic acid derivatives such as their anhydrides with primary or secondary amines having straight-chain or branched C 10 to C 30 -alkyl radicals, for example the reaction product of 1 mol of maleic anhydride with 1 mol of a long-chain primary amine such as isotridecylamine.
- component of class (ii) are cyclic compounds having tertiary amino groups or condensates of long-chain primary or secondary amines with carboxylic acid-containing polymers, as described in WO 93/181 15.
- component (ii) it is also possible to use mixtures of different species, for example a mixture of an oil-soluble reaction product based on poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) having the general formula IVa or IVb and having at least one tertiary amino group, with a half-amide of a dicar - Bonic acid.
- a mixture of an oil-soluble reaction product based on poly (C 2 - to C 20 -carboxylic acids) having the general formula IVa or IVb and having at least one tertiary amino group with a half-amide of a dicar - Bonic acid.
- component (iii) it is possible in principle to use all organic compounds which are capable of improving the cold flow behavior of mineral oils and crude oils. Conveniently, they must have sufficient oil solubility.
- cold flow improvers (MDFI) used for this purpose usually come into consideration for middle distillates of mineral or fossil origin, that is to say for customary diesel fuels and heating oils.
- WASA wax anti-settling additive
- component (iii), which as a rule represents a substance class other than component (ii), is selected from the abovementioned substance classes (a1) to (a6), where (a1) is of particular interest.
- a suitable solvent usually a hydrocarbon solvent.
- solvents in this context are aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, for example xylenes or mixtures of high-boiling aromatics such as solvent naphtha.
- naphthalene aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures such as naphthalene poor solvent naphtha can be used advantageously as a solvent here.
- the metered amount of the mixture in the mineral oils and crude oils, especially in the middle distillate fuels is generally 10 to 10,000 ppm by weight, in particular 50 to 5000 ppm by weight, especially 100 to 3000 ppm by weight, z. B. 500 to 1500 ppm by weight, each based on the total amount of oil or fuel.
- the mixture according to the invention can be used as an additive to middle distillate fuels which contain (A) from 0.1 to 100% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to less than 100% by weight, in particular from 10 to 95% by weight. %, especially to 30 to 90 wt .-%, of at least one biofuel based on fatty acid esters, and
- (B) from 0 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from more than 0 to 99.9% by weight, in particular from 5 to 90% by weight, especially from 10 to 70% by weight , of middle distillates of fossil origin and / or of vegetable and / or animal origin, which are essentially hydrocarbon mixtures and are free of fatty acid esters.
- the fuel component (A) is usually referred to as "biodiesel".
- the middle distillates of the fuel component (A) are preferably substantially alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats.
- Alkyl esters are usually lower alkyl esters, in particular C 1 to C 4 alkyl esters, understood by transesterification of occurring in vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats glycerides, especially triglycerides, by means of lower alcohols, such as ethanol, n-propanol, iso-Pro - Panol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol or especially methanol ("FAME”) are available.
- FAME methanol
- Examples of vegetable oils that are converted into corresponding alkyl esters and thus can serve as a basis for biodiesel are castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, palm oil kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard oil, cottonseed oil, and in particular sunflower oil, palm oil, soybean oil and rapeseed oil.
- Other examples include oils that can be extracted from wheat, jute, sesame and the shea nut; furthermore, arachis oil, jatropha oil and linseed oil are also usable. The recovery of these oils and their conversion to the alkyl esters are known in the art or may be derived therefrom.
- animal fats and oils that are converted into corresponding alkyl esters and thus can serve as a basis for biodiesel are fish oil, beef tallow,
- said vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats based saturated or unsaturated fatty acids which usually have 12 to 22 carbon atoms and can carry additional functional group such as hydroxyl groups, occur in the alkyl esters in particular lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, Oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaidic acid, erucic acid and / or ricinoleic acid.
- Typical lower alkyl esters based on vegetable and / or animal oils and / or fats which are used as biodiesel or biodiesel components are, for example, sunflower methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester ("PME”), soybean oil methyl ester (“SME”) and especially rapeseed oil methyl ester (“RME”). ).
- fuel component (B) is to be understood to mean boiling middle distillate fuels in the range from 120 to 450 ° C.
- middle distillate fuels are used in particular as diesel fuel, heating oil or kerosene, with diesel fuel and heating oil being particularly preferred.
- middle distillate fuels is meant fuels obtained by distillation of crude oil as a first step and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C.
- low sulfur middle distillates are used, ie, those containing less than 350 ppm sulfur, more preferably less than 200 ppm Sulfur, especially containing less than 50 ppm of sulfur. In special cases they contain less than 10 ppm sulfur, these middle distillates are also called "sulfur-free". These are generally crude oil distillates, which have been subjected to a hydrogenating refining, and therefore contain only small amounts of polyaromatic and polar compounds. These are preferably middle distillates which have 90% distillation points below 370.degree. C., in particular below 360.degree. C. and in special cases below 330.degree.
- Low-sulfur and sulfur-free middle distillates can also be obtained from heavier petroleum fractions, which can no longer be distilled under atmospheric pressure.
- Hydrocarbon cracking, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, coker processes and / or visbreaking may be mentioned as typical conversion processes for the preparation of middle distillates from heavy petroleum fractions. Depending on how the process is carried out, these middle distillates are produced with little or no sulfur or are subjected to hydrogenating refining.
- the middle distillates preferably have aromatics contents of less than 28% by weight, in particular less than 20% by weight.
- the content of normal paraffins is between 5% and 50% by weight, preferably between 10 and 35% by weight.
- middle distillates should also be understood here, which can be derived either indirectly from fossil sources such as crude oil or natural gas or else produced from biomass via gasification and subsequent hydrogenation.
- a typical example of a middle distillate fuel derived indirectly from fossil sources is GTL (gas-to-liquid) diesel fuel produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- GTL gas-to-liquid diesel fuel produced by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
- biomass for example, a middle distillate is produced via the BTL (“biomass-to-liquid”) process, which can be used either alone or in admixture with other middle distillates as fuel component (B).
- BTL biomass-to-liquid
- the middle distillates also include hydrocar- bons obtained by hydrogenating fats and fatty oils. They contain mostly n-paraffins.
- the said middle distillate fuels have in common that they are essentially hydrocarbon mixtures and are free from fatty acid esters.
- the qualities of fuel oils and diesel fuels are specified in greater detail in, for example, DIN 51603 and EN 590 (see also Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Volume A12, pp. 617 et seq., To which reference is expressly made).
- the mixture according to the invention can be added both in pure middle distillate fuels of mineral or fossil origin and in their mixtures with biofuel oils (biodiesel) to improve their properties.
- a significant improvement in the cold flow behavior of the fuel ie a reduction in particular the CFPP values, but also the CP values and / or the PP values, regardless of the origin or composition of the fuel observed.
- the CFPP values are hereby - as well as in relation to the inventive use of the substituted ureas and urethanes (i) to further improve the cold flow properties in combination with the components (iii) and optionally (ii) - usually according to the standard EN 1 16 and the CP values are usually determined according to the standard ISO 3015.
- the precipitated crystals are usually kept effectively in suspension, so that it does not come to blockages of filters and pipes by such sediments.
- the mixture according to the invention has a good broad effect in most cases and thus effects that the precipitated crystals are very well dispersed in a very wide variety of fuels.
- the present invention also provides middle distillate fuels, optionally with a content of biofuel oils (biodiesel).
- the mentioned middle distillate fuels or the mentioned fuel additive concentrates contain as further additives in conventional amounts of conductivity improvers, anti-corrosion additives, lubricity additives, antioxidants, metal deactivators, antifoams, demulsifiers, detergents, cetane improvers, solvents. or diluents, dyes or fragrances or mixtures thereof.
- further additives which have not yet been mentioned above, are familiar to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further explained here.
- the following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention without limiting it.
- Solvesso® 150 Aromatic solvent, boiling range 181 -207 ° C
- Solvesso® 150 and the isocyanate were introduced into a stirred flask with thermometer and reflux condenser and the amine was added by means of a dropping funnel within 15 minutes.
- the dropping funnel was rinsed with 20 g of Solvesso® 150. After an hour, the implementation was over.
- Preparation Examples 13 and 14 Diurethane from Diisocyanate and Monool
- 160 g of Solvesso® 150 and the alcohol were initially charged and the isocyanate was added by means of a dropping funnel within 15 minutes.
- the dropping funnel was rinsed with 20 g of Solvesso® 150. After 24 hours, the reaction was completed.
- Diesel fuel DK1 of the specification given below was mixed with 300 ppm by weight of a 60% by weight solution of a commercially available ethylene-vinyl acetate
- Copolymer having a vinyl acetate content of 30 wt .-% in Solvent® naphtha as a cold flow improver ("KV") and with 300 ppm by weight of a solution of two wax anti-settling additives ("WASA") and a substituted urea of the general Formula (I) in Solvent® naphtha (“FV”) added, mixed at 40 ° C with stirring and then cooled to room temperature.
- WASA wax anti-settling additives
- FV substituted urea of the general Formula (I) in Solvent® naphtha
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2014140226A RU2014140226A (ru) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | Применение замещенных мочевин или уретанов для улучшения потребительских свойств минеральных и синтетических неводных промышленных жидкостей, в частности топлив или смазочных материалов |
KR20147027777A KR20140141630A (ko) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | 광물 및 합성 비수성 산업용 유체, 특히 연료 또는 윤활제의 사용 특성의 개선을 위한 치환 우레아 또는 우레탄의 용도 |
CA2865869A CA2865869A1 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | Use of substituted ureas or urethanes for improvement of the use properties of mineral and synthetic nonaqueous industrial fluids |
EP13706271.7A EP2823023A1 (de) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | Verwendung von substituierten harnstoffen oder urethanen zur verbesserung der gebrauchseigenschaften von mineralischen und synthetischen nicht-wässrigen industrieflüssigkeiten, insbesondere kraftstoffen oder schmierstoffen |
CN201380013255.5A CN104159999B (zh) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | 取代的脲或氨基甲酸酯用于改善矿物的和合成的非水工业液体、特别是燃料或润滑剂的使用特性的用途 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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EP12158393 | 2012-03-07 | ||
EP12158393.4 | 2012-03-07 |
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WO2013131800A1 true WO2013131800A1 (de) | 2013-09-12 |
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PCT/EP2013/054008 WO2013131800A1 (de) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-02-28 | Verwendung von substituierten harnstoffen oder urethanen zur verbesserung der gebrauchseigenschaften von mineralischen und synthetischen nicht-wässrigen industrieflüssigkeiten, insbesondere kraftstoffen oder schmierstoffen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2823023A1 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20140141630A (de) |
CN (1) | CN104159999B (de) |
CA (1) | CA2865869A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2014140226A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013131800A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2640764B1 (de) | 2010-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Bindemittel auf polyurethanbasis zur herstellung von kernen und giessformen unter verwendung von isocyanaten enthaltend eine urethonimin- und/oder carbodiimid-gruppe, eine formstoffmischung enthaltend das bindemittel und ein verfahren unter verwendung des bindemittels |
US9475743B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-10-25 | Wintershall Holding GmbH | Process for the preparation of substituted TRIS(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane |
US9556395B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-01-31 | Basf Se | Use of polyalkoxylates in lubricant compositions |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9879198B2 (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-01-30 | Santolubes Llc | Low shear strength lubricating fluids |
RU2675632C1 (ru) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-12-21 | Игорь Васильевич Мухортов | Противоизносная композиция к смазочным материалам |
CA3145615C (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2024-02-13 | Byk-Chemie Gmbh | Pour point depressant |
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- 2013-02-28 WO PCT/EP2013/054008 patent/WO2013131800A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-02-28 RU RU2014140226A patent/RU2014140226A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-02-28 KR KR20147027777A patent/KR20140141630A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-02-28 CN CN201380013255.5A patent/CN104159999B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-02-28 EP EP13706271.7A patent/EP2823023A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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EP2640764B1 (de) | 2010-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | ASK Chemicals GmbH | Bindemittel auf polyurethanbasis zur herstellung von kernen und giessformen unter verwendung von isocyanaten enthaltend eine urethonimin- und/oder carbodiimid-gruppe, eine formstoffmischung enthaltend das bindemittel und ein verfahren unter verwendung des bindemittels |
US9556395B2 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-01-31 | Basf Se | Use of polyalkoxylates in lubricant compositions |
US9475743B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-10-25 | Wintershall Holding GmbH | Process for the preparation of substituted TRIS(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane |
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RU2014140226A (ru) | 2016-04-27 |
KR20140141630A (ko) | 2014-12-10 |
EP2823023A1 (de) | 2015-01-14 |
CA2865869A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
CN104159999A (zh) | 2014-11-19 |
CN104159999B (zh) | 2016-03-23 |
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