WO2013127356A1 - 左旋吡喹酮的合成方法 - Google Patents

左旋吡喹酮的合成方法 Download PDF

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WO2013127356A1
WO2013127356A1 PCT/CN2013/072028 CN2013072028W WO2013127356A1 WO 2013127356 A1 WO2013127356 A1 WO 2013127356A1 CN 2013072028 W CN2013072028 W CN 2013072028W WO 2013127356 A1 WO2013127356 A1 WO 2013127356A1
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reaction
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synthesizing
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钱明心
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苏州同力生物医药有限公司
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Priority to US14/471,652 priority Critical patent/US9139859B2/en

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P41/00Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04Ortho-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B53/00Asymmetric syntheses
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D211/00Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D211/04Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D211/06Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D211/36Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D211/60Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D217/00Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
    • C07D217/12Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
    • C07D217/14Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring other than aralkyl radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D217/00Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
    • C07D217/12Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
    • C07D217/14Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring other than aralkyl radicals
    • C07D217/16Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring other than aralkyl radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D217/00Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems
    • C07D217/22Heterocyclic compounds containing isoquinoline or hydrogenated isoquinoline ring systems with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the nitrogen-containing ring
    • C07D217/26Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen
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    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/10Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom
    • C12P17/12Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom containing a six-membered hetero ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
    • C12P17/18Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
    • C12P17/182Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P41/00Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture
    • C12P41/003Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions
    • C12P41/004Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions by esterification of alcohol- or thiol groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a kind of levofloxacin R) - pra ziquante!
  • Praziquantel also known as cyclohexanone, is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug. It has a wide anti-helminth spectrum and has a killing effect on Japanese schistosomiasis, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma mansoni. In addition, it also kills Paragonimus (Pneumocystis), Clonorchis sinensis, Hydatid, Cysticer, Danny, Ginger, Aphid, etc.
  • Praziquantel is characterized by high efficacy and short course of treatment. The small dose, rapid metabolism, low toxicity and oral administration of praziquantel are a major breakthrough in parasitic chemotherapy and have become the drug of choice for the treatment of various parasitic diseases.
  • Praziquantel was first synthesized by Seubere et al. in 1975, and the E-merck and Bayer two pharmaceutical plants in Germany successfully developed the drug. In 1980, E-metck was first listed under the trade name Cesol and is now widely used worldwide. In addition to being used outside the human body, it is also widely used for anti-parasitic treatment of animals, poultry, and the like. In the traditional praziquantel production process, some toxic and harmful chemicals, such as potassium cyanide, cyclohexamethylene chloride, etc., are needed, and its process route is long (see the following formula), and the reaction conditions are also harsh. ,
  • L-praziquantel is an effective insecticidal component of praziquantel, while dextrorotatory quinone is an ineffective or even harmful component; at the same dose, the clinical efficacy of praziquantel is better than that of praziquantel. better.
  • the World Health Organization expects to replace praziquantel with L-praziquantel, the process of low chemical yields of L-praziquantel has been unresolved for many years.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for synthesizing L-P-pyrrolidone with good environmental safety and high yield.
  • the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for synthesizing levofloxacin.
  • R represents an alkyl group
  • the lipase in the step (2), is capable of selectively hydrolyzing the tetrahydroisoquinoline #carboxylate of the R conformation to obtain an R-type single optically active tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid, E! Compound 4
  • the lipase is preferably Candida fragrant lipase, Candida antarctica (CAL-A) or Rosary Antarctica (CAL-B, Novozyme 435).
  • the enzymes used are not limited to natural sources, including enzymes which are recombined by molecular biological means.
  • the form of the enzyme used is not limited, and may be either a thousand powder or an immobilized one.
  • R is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or p-methoxyphenyl, with isopropyl, t-butyl or p-methoxyphenyl being more preferred.
  • step (2) it is preferred to react the racemate of the compound 3e with a lipase in a water-saturated ionic liquid, in the presence of a base, and at a temperature of 50 to form a compound 4
  • the reaction temperature of the step (2) is 25 50 .
  • the ionic liquid involved in the water-saturated ionic liquid may be various ionic liquids which are used as a solvent, and preferably 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazole Tetrafluoroborate, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide or 1-n-butylpyridinium Hexafluorophosphate.
  • the base is selected from the group consisting of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, pyridine, and carbonic acid.
  • tetrabutylammonium hydroxide tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
  • pyridine pyridine
  • carbonic acid a group consisting of sodium hydrogen and triethylamine
  • the molar ratio of the base to the racemate of compound 3e is 1 ⁇ ! , 1:1, for example ⁇ , 05:1.
  • the base is tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
  • the specific implementation of the step (2) is: adding a racemate of the compound 3e, a water-saturated ionic liquid, a base, and uniformly adding the lipase to the membrane reactor.
  • the reaction was initiated under closed conditions and the progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC.
  • the molecular weight of the ultrafiltration membrane in the membrane reactor is ⁇ (000 Da), and after the reaction is completed, the components other than the lipase in the reaction mixture are extruded from the membrane reactor by using a gas, fat.
  • the enzyme was trapped in the membrane reactor and used directly for the synthesis of the next batch of L-praziquantel.
  • the compound 3b is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a Pd/C catalyst or a Raney nickel catalyst at a temperature of 60 to 70 Torr, and after the reaction is completed, the catalyst is recovered by filtration. The liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a racemic compound of compound 3e.
  • the step (3) can be carried out as follows: Compound 4 is first converted to its hydrochloride salt, resuspended in tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0'C 5"C, and borane in tetrahydrofuran solution is added dropwise. , react at 20 ⁇ 25 ° C, after the reaction is finished, cool down to 0t ⁇ 5 ⁇ , add ⁇ alcohol and add 10wt% ⁇ 15wt% sodium hydroxide solution under 0 ⁇ 5 ⁇ to neutralize, add, heat up After the reaction is completed, the organic solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure. The residue is extracted with dichloromethane. Crystallization gave compound 5.
  • step 3) may also be carried out by first converting the compound 4 into its hydrochloride or its free form, resuspending it in tetrahydrofuran, cooling to 0 ⁇ 5 5 , and adding the turmeric tetrahydrofuran solution (or also Sodium borohydride can be added, and then boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution can be added dropwise.
  • turmeric tetrahydrofuran solution or also Sodium borohydride can be added, and then boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution can be added dropwise.
  • the reaction is carried out at 20 ⁇ 25 ° (after the reaction is finished, the temperature is lowered to ()O ⁇ 5 ° C, and methanol is added at 0 ° ( : ⁇ 5 ° C dropwise adding 10wi% ⁇ 15wi% sodium hydroxide solution for neutralization, adding, heating to 20 ⁇ 25 ° C for neutralization reaction, after the reaction, the organic solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure, the residue The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, and the methylene chloride phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • the step (6) is carried out as follows: Compound 11 and tetrahydrofuran are added to the reactor, stirred uniformly, and sodium hydride is added to the reaction mixture in portions. After the addition, the reaction is stirred at room temperature for 3-4 hours and then the temperature is raised to 75 ⁇ ⁇ 80 ⁇ continue to stir the reaction for 5-7 hours, HPLC detection reaction After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated brine to quench the reaction and the product was precipitated, which was filtered to give a crude solid, which was recrystallized from anhydrous ethanol to give prazilidone.
  • a second aspect of the invention is a L-praziquantel intermediate having the structure of Formula I:
  • X represents OH or Ci.
  • a third aspect of the present invention provides a method for synthesizing levofloxacin which adopts the following synthetic route:
  • R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group
  • the protease described in the step (2) is capable of stereoselectively hydrolyzing the tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxamide of the R conformation to obtain a single optically active R-type tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid.
  • the protease is selected from the group consisting of Candida antarctica lipase, Aspergillus protease, Bacillus protease (such as Bacillus stearothermophiius BR388), and Bacillus licheniformis protease (such as Bacillus licheniformis 2709).
  • Streptomyces griseus Streptomyces griseus S 106 , Streptomyces griseus AS4.35
  • R represents hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
  • the racemic compound of the compound 3f is reacted in a buffer of pH 7 to il and a co-solvent in the presence of a protease at a dry temperature of 10 to 50 TF.
  • Step (2) is specifically carried out as follows: a racemic compound of compound 3f and a buffer solution of pH 7 ⁇ ]i are added to the reactor, and the solvent is stirred uniformly.
  • the reaction system is added to the protease to start the reaction at a temperature of ⁇ 0 to 50 Torr.
  • the reaction system was stirred at a temperature of 10 to 50 Torr, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC.
  • the conversion rate was greater than 99%
  • the reaction was stopped, the pH was adjusted by hydrochloric acid, and the protease was centrifuged, and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove water. The residue was added to acetone to precipitate a solid, and filtered.
  • the filter cake was recrystallized from ethanol and water to give the product as a white solid.
  • the buffer is a Tns-HCi buffer
  • the co-solvent is a combination of one or more selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide.
  • the temperature of the reaction in step (2) is 20 to 40 °C.
  • the compound 3a is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a Pd-C catalyst or a Raney nickel catalyst to form a compound 3f, or the compound 3a is reacted with sodium borohydride to form a compound.
  • the procedure of the step (3) is as follows : Compound 4 is first converted to its hydrochloride salt, resuspended in tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C, borane in tetrahydrofuran solution is added dropwise, added,
  • the step (3) can also be carried out as follows: First, the compound 4 is converted into its hydrochloride or its free form, resuspended in tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0T to 5 ° C, and a solution of borane in tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise ( Alternatively, sodium borohydride may be added, and then boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution may be added dropwise. After the addition, the reaction is carried out at 20 to 25 XTT. After the reaction is completed, the temperature is lowered to (rC ⁇ '5'C, methanol is added and 01 to 5 ⁇ is added.
  • the sodium hydroxide solution of 10wt% ⁇ 15wi% is added dropwise for neutralization, and after adding, the temperature is raised to 20 ⁇ 25 °C for neutralization reaction. After the reaction is finished, the organic solvent is distilled off under reduced pressure; the residue is extracted with dichloromethane. The methylene chloride phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate.
  • step (6) The procedure of the step (6) is as follows: Compound 11 and tetrahydrofuran are added to the reactor, stirred uniformly, and sodium hydride is added to the reaction mixture in batches. After the addition is completed, the reaction is stirred at room temperature for 3 to 4 After an hour, the temperature was raised to 75 Torr to 80 Torr. The reaction was stirred for 5 to 7 hours. The reaction was completed by HPLC. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated brine and the mixture was evaporated Crystallization gives L-praziquantel.
  • the present invention has many advantages through a bioenzyme-catalyzed synthesis route, and is more suitable for large-scale industrial production.
  • the method utilizes the high stereo, site, and regioselectivity of the enzyme to catalyze the dynamic kinetic resolution of one of the enantiomers of the chemically synthesized racemate or derivative to produce optically pure chiral L-praziquantel.
  • Pass (R)-type compound 4 Pass (R)-type compound 4.
  • the process of these methods is very mature, easy to obtain raw materials, low cost, green and environmentally friendly, and it is convenient for large-scale production of levorotatory praziquantel.
  • the purity of the product can reach >98%, which improves the quality standard and lays the foundation for creating high-quality raw materials and systems. This solves the industrial problem of separation and purification of high-purity L-praziquantel which has not been solved for nearly 30 years.
  • This patent uses its core technology of bio-enzyme catalysis to develop a chiral synthesis of levorotatory quinone with good environmental safety and high yield, for further preclinical and clinical drug evaluation, large-scale industrial production.
  • Levo-praziquantel has paved the way to the international market.
  • R methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl or p-nitrophenyl.
  • Example ⁇ 1 In a closed container, add methyl dihydroisoacetate (756, 8g, 4moU, ethanol (7L) and 10% catalyst Pd/C (60g), replace the air in the container with hydrogen, continue to pass Hydrogen (3 MPa) was introduced, the temperature was raised to 65 ° C, and the reaction was stirred for 24 hours. The reaction was confirmed to be complete. The catalyst was collected by filtration, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 749.6 g of an oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinoline methyl ester ( Hereinafter referred to as compound 3e-1), purity 95%, yield 98%trust
  • the nuclear magnetic data of compound 3e-1 are as follows: iH NMR CDC, 400 ⁇ , ⁇ ppm): 1.35 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.03-2.21 (brs, 1H), 2.68-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.98-3, 01 ( J - 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (s, 1H), 7.02-7.40 (m, 4H, ArH).
  • Example 1 - 2 In a closed vessel, ethyl dihydroisoquinolinecarboxylate (812.9 g, 4 mol) > ethanol (7 L) and 10% catalyst Pd/C (60 g) were added, and the air in the vessel was replaced with hydrogen. Pass hydrogen (3MPa), Danwen to 65 ⁇ , stir the reaction for 24 hours, check the reaction completely, filter and recover the catalyst The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give EtOAc (yield: ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ / RTI> ⁇ RTIgt;
  • the nuclear magnetic data of compound 3e-2 is as follows: NMR (CDCb, 00 ⁇ , ⁇ ppm) : 1.28 1.37 ( ⁇ , 3H, -CH2-CH3), 2,01-2,27(br s, ⁇ H, NH), 2.78 - 2.84 (m, 2H, CH2),
  • Example - 3 In a closed vessel, isopropyl dihydroisoquinoline (869.0 g, 4 mol), ethanol (7 L) and 10/ ⁇ catalyst Pd/C (60 g) were added to replace the air in the vessel with hydrogen. After that, hydrogen (3 MPa) was continuously introduced, the temperature was raised to 65 Torr, and the reaction was stirred for 24 hours, and the reaction was completed. The catalyst was recovered by filtration, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 9: 4.57 g of an oily compound, which is tetrahydroiso The quinine-formic acid isopropyl vinegar (hereinafter referred to as the compound 3e-3h has a purity of 94% and a yield of 98%.
  • the compound 3e-3h has a purity of 94% and a yield of 98%.
  • the nuclear magnetic data of compound 3e-3 is as follows: l H MRfCDCi 3 , 400MHz 7 ⁇ ppm) : 1,28— 1,35 (t, 3Hx2, CH3), 2,03-2,22 ( rs, 1H, NH), 2.67-2.69 (rn, 2H, CH2.), 2.83-2.93 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.31-4.54 (m, 1H, - CH-CH3), 4.74 (s, 1H, CH), 7,02- 7.32 (m, 4H, ArH).
  • Example 1-4 In a closed vessel, tert-butyl dihydroisoquinolinecarboxylate (925.2 g, 4 mol), ethanol (7 L) and 10% catalyst Pd/C (60 g) were added, and the air in the vessel was replaced with hydrogen. Continue to pass hydrogen 3MP a ), raise the temperature to 65 ⁇ , stir the reaction for 24 hours, check the reaction completely, filter and recover the catalyst, and concentrate the reaction solution under reduced pressure to obtain 895.91 g of oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid tert-butyl The ester (hereinafter referred to as 3e-4 compound) has a purity of 96% and a yield of 96%.
  • 3e-4 compound The ester (hereinafter referred to as 3e-4 compound) has a purity of 96% and a yield of 96%.
  • the nuclear magnetic data of compound 3e-'4 are as follows: ⁇ MR (CDC1 3 , 00 ⁇ , ⁇ ppm): 1.48 (s, 9H' CH3), 2.10-2.35 (brs, 1H' NH), 2.61-2.84 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.97-3.08 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.08 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.78 ⁇ s, 1H, CH), 7.12-7.43 (, 4H, ArH).
  • dihydroisoquinoline formic acid to methoxyphenyl pigment (1170.2 g, 4 mol), ethyl dip (7 L) and 10% catalyst Pd/C (60 g), 3 ⁇ 4 hydrogen after replacing the air in the container
  • catalyst Pd/C 60 g
  • 3e-5 compound tetrahydroisoquinoline P-methoxyphenyl formate
  • Example i ⁇ 6 In a closed container, add dihydroisoquinoline to methyl ester (756, 8g, 4moU, B) Alcohol (7L) and Raney nickel catalyst (60g), after replacing the air in the vessel with hydrogen, continue to pass hydrogen (3MPa), stir the reaction at 25-30 degrees for 10-12 hours, completely stop the reaction by HPLC, and recover the catalyst by filtration.
  • the reaction solution is concentrated under reduced pressure to give 726.6 g of an oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinoline formic acid (compound 3e-1, purity purity 95.5%), yield 95'1 ⁇ 2), which can be used without further purification. In the next step.
  • Example 1-7 In a closed vessel, ethyl dihydroisoquinolinecarboxylate (8i2.9g, 4mol), ethanol (7L) and Raney nickel catalyst (60g) were added, and the air in the vessel was replaced with hydrogen. Hydrogen gas (3 MPa), 25- 30 degree ⁇ drop reaction for 10 12 hours, the reaction was completely stopped by HPLC, the catalyst was recovered by filtration, and the reaction liquid was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 788, 2 g of oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid. Ethyl ester (compound 3e-2, purity 96.8%, yield 96%) can be used in the next one-step reaction without further purification.
  • Example 1-8 In a closed vessel, isopropyl dihydroisoquinolinecarboxylate (869.0 g, 4 mol), ethanol (7 L) and Raney nickel catalyst (60 g) were added, and the hydrogen in the vessel was replaced by hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas (3 MPa), stirring reaction at 25-30 ° for 10-12 hours, the reaction was completely stopped by HPLC, and the catalyst was recovered by filtration. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 859.9 g of the oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid. Isopropyl ester (Compound 3e-3, purity 95.4%, yield 98%) was used in the next step without further purification.
  • Example 1-9 In a closed vessel, tert-butyl dihydroisoquinolinecarboxylate (925.2 g, 4 ⁇ !). Ethanol (7 L) and Raney nickel catalyst (60 g) were added. The hydrogen gas (3 MPa) was continuously introduced, and the reaction was stirred for 10 12 hours at 25-30 degrees. The reaction was completely stopped by HPLC, and the catalyst was recovered by filtration. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 895.9 g of an oily compound, which is tetrahydroisoquinolinecarboxylic acid. Isopropyl ester (compound 3e-4, purity 96, 6%, yield 96%) was used in the next step without further purification.
  • Example ⁇ -10 In a closed vessel, p-methoxyphenyl ester of dihydroisoquinoline (1170.2 g, 4 mol), ethanol (7 L) and Raney nickel catalyst (60 g) were added, and the air in the vessel was replaced with hydrogen. Continue to pass hydrogen (3MPa), stir the reaction at 25-30 degrees for 10-12 hours, completely stop the reaction by HPLC, recover the catalyst by filtration, and concentrate the reaction solution under reduced pressure to obtain U31.13g solid compound, which is tetrahydroiso P-quinoline p-methoxyphenyl ester (compound 3e-5, purity 95.2%, yield 96%) was used in the next step without further purification.
  • the reaction mixture liquid (including the bottom enthalpy and the product) was compressed from the membrane reactor with nitrogen, and the Candida musk lipase was Retained in the reactor.
  • Butyl ammonium hydroxide the next batch of reaction. See Table 2 for the ionic liquids used and the corresponding conversion and optical purity.
  • Candida antarctica lipase B or Candida musk lipase Extrusion from the membrane reactor, Candida antarctica lipase B or Candida musk lipase is retained in the reactor.
  • a corresponding amount of the corresponding compound was added to the reactor, 20 mi of water saturated 1-n-butyl-3-pyrazole imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 272.5 mg (105 mmoi) tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, Carry out the next batch of reactions. See Table 4 for the conversion and optical purity of the different substrates and the lipase used and the reaction batch.
  • the nuclear magnetic data of the compound 4 is as follows: ! H : NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz, ⁇ ppm) : 2,87 (m, 2H, CH 2 CH 2 N), 3.45 (m, 2H, CH 2 CH 2 N), 5.53 (d, 1H, CHCOOH), 7.35 (m, 4H, ArH), 9.45 (s, IH, COOH),
  • Example compound 4 (17,72 g, lOOmmoi) was added to lOOOniL tetrahydrofuran, hydrogen chloride was added to saturation, and then spin-dried to obtain compound 4 hydrochloride, which was suspended in iOOOmL tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0 ° C, and boron boring was added dropwise.
  • the tetrahydrofuran solution (300 m: L, SOOmmoi, ]M tetrahydrofuran B solution) was added to 20-25 Torr, and the reaction became clear for 24 hours.
  • the nuclear magnetic data of compound 5 is as follows: if NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz, 0 ppm) : 2.58 (s, br, 2H), 2.85-2.97 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.26 (br s, IH , OH), 5.63 (dd, IH), 7.35-7.78 (m, 4H, ArH).
  • Example 3 ⁇ 2 Compound 4 (17,72 g, 100 mmol) was added to 1000 mL of tetrahydrofuran, sodium borohydride (3.8 g, 100 mmol) was added, and boron trifluoride diethyl ether solution (20 mL) was added dropwise, and the reaction was stirred at 25 30 °C. Small, the system becomes clear. The system was cooled to 0 ° C, methanol (5 () 0 mL) was added and 10% sodium hydroxide (70 mL) was added dropwise at 0 Torr. The reaction was stirred at 20-25 ° for 4 hours. The organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was extracted with dichloromethane (200 mL).
  • Example 4 The following route was used to synthesize the compound II.
  • the nuclear magnetic data of praziquantel is as follows: l H NM (D SO-d 6 , 400 MHz, ⁇ ⁇ ): 1.21-1,96 (m, 10H, 5xCH 2 ), 2.45-2.50 (m, 1H, CH), 2.78 -3.05 (m, 4H, CH 2 ), 4.10 (d, IH, CH 2 ), 4,48 (d, IH, CH 2 ), '4,79 4.85 (m, 2 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) ; 5.20 (d, IH, CH), 7.12-7.30 (m, 4H, Ar H).
  • Example ⁇ - 1 In a closed container, add compound 3a (87.1g, 0.5mol), ethanol [0,7L> and 10% catalyst Pd/C (6 g), replace the air in the container with hydrogen, and continue to pass. Hydrogen (i MPa), the temperature was raised to 30X, the reaction was stirred for 8 hours, and the reaction was completed. The catalyst was recovered by filtration, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 84.57 g of a solid compound, which is compound 3f (tetrahydroisoquinolinamide racemic) Purity 95.]%, yield 96,1% : ,
  • 3 ⁇ 4 1A-2 In a closed vessel, add compound 3a (87.1 g, 0.5 mol), methanol [0.7 L) and Raney nickel catalyst (12 g). After replacing the air in the vessel with hydrogen, continue to pass hydrogen (] MPa The reaction was stirred at 25-30 ° C for 8 hours, and the reaction was completely stopped by HPLC. The catalyst was recovered by filtration, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was 82.37 g of a solid compound, that is, compound 3f, purity 95.4%, yield 93.5%, The reaction was carried out directly in the next step without further purification.
  • Example Compound 3a (87. Ig, 0.5 mol) was added to 100 mL of ethanol, sodium borohydride (19 g, 0.5 mol) was added in portions, and the reaction was stirred at 30-40 ° C for 16 hours, and the system was clarified. The reaction was completely stopped by HPLC, the organic solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, and the residue was added to a saturated aqueous solution of water (100 mL) to precipitate a precipitate, which was filtered, and then crudely crystallized from ethanol and water to give tetrahydroisoquine formamide 82, 37 g of white solid compound. Ft (3f) (81.58 g), yield 92.6%, purity 99%.
  • Example 2A-3 Compound 3f (44, 1 mg s 25 mmol) and Tris-HC1 buffer were added to the reactor; 'medium solution (10 mL, O.lmM, pH 9.5, containing 1 mM DTT), cosolvent DMSO (0.1 mL) ), Stir well, the reaction system was added with protease (10mg, Penicillium multicolor CCF 2244, Peniciliium multicolor CCF 2244, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center) at a temperature of 18 ⁇ to start the reaction, the reaction system was stirred at a temperature of 18 Torr, and the reaction was monitored by HPLC. process. The reaction was stopped when the reaction was carried out for 42 hours, and the reaction was stopped.
  • protease 10mg, Penicillium multicolor CCF 2244, Peniciliium multicolor CCF 2244, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center
  • M2A-4 Add compound 3f (176mg, lOOmmoi) and Tris-HC buffer UOmL, O.lmM, pHH), containing lmM:DTT) cosolvent methanol (0.2mL) to the reactor.
  • the protease (l()mg, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center) was added at a temperature of 25 ° C to initiate the reaction, and the reaction was stirred at a temperature of 25, and the reaction was monitored by HPLC. process. The reaction was stopped when the conversion rate was greater than 99% for 32 hours, the pH was adjusted with hydrochloric acid, and the enzyme protein was centrifuged.
  • Example 2A-5 Compound 3f (44, 1 mg, 25 mmol) and Tris-HCi buffer (i0 mL, O.lmM, pH 9.5, containing 1 mM DTT), cosolvent ethanol (O.imL), were added to the reactor. Stir well, the reaction system was added with protease (10 mg, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center) at a temperature of 37 ° C to start the reaction, and the reaction system was stirred at a temperature of 37 ° ⁇ . The progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC.
  • protease 10 mg, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center
  • Pseudonionas chlororaphis B23 purchased from the German Bioresources Center, initiated the reaction, and the reaction was stirred at a temperature of 45 T: and the progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. The reaction was carried out. When the conversion rate was large at 699%, the reaction was stopped, the pH of the hydrochloric acid was adjusted, and the enzyme protein was centrifuged. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove water, and the residue was added to acetone to precipitated solids. The filtrate was recrystallized from ethanol and water to give a white solid product 4].1 mg, Compound 4, yield 92.6%, ee value 89.1%, melting point 238 240 °C.
  • Example 2A-8 Compound 3f (44.1 mg, 25 mm oi) and Tris-HC5 buffer (10 mL, O.lmM, pH 9.5, containing 1 mM DTT), ift solvent ethanol (0.1 mL) were added to the reactor. Uniform, the reaction system was added with protease (0 mg, Burkholdia sp. DSM 9925, Burkholdena sp. DSM 9925, purchased from the German Biological Resource Center) at a temperature of 35 ° C. The reaction was started at a temperature of 35 ° C. The mixture was stirred and the progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC.
  • DSM 9925 purchased from German biological resources The reaction was started, the reaction system was stirred at a temperature of 40 C, and the progress of the reaction was monitored by HPLC. The reaction was stopped when the conversion rate was greater than 99% for 6 hours, the pH was adjusted by hydrochloric acid, and the enzyme protein was centrifuged. The residue was added to acetone to precipitate a solid filtered, and the cake was recrystallized from ethanol and water to give a white solid product 40.49 mg, Compound 4, yield 9 i. 4%, ee value 99.1%, melting point 238 240 °C.

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Abstract

提供了一种制备左旋吡喹酮的方法及其中间体。该制备方法以1-烷基氨基甲酰基-3,4-二氢异喹啉或者1-酯基-3,4-二氢异喹啉为起始原料,经还原、酶催化立体选择性水解生成1-羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉,再经常规方法制备目标产物。该方法制备的左旋吡喹酮纯度可达98%以上。

Description

左旋吡喹酮的合成方法 技术领域
本发明涉及―.种左旋吡喹酮 R) - pra ziquante! )
背景技术
吡喹酮又名环^喹酮, 为广谱抗寄生虫病药物。 它抗蠕虫谱很广 对日 本血吸虫、 埃及血吸虫、 曼氏血吸虫等均有杀灭作用。 此外, 它对并殖吸虫 (肺吸虫》、 华支睾吸虫、 包虫、 囊虫、 孟氏裂头蚴、 姜片虫、 绦虫等也有杀 灭作用。 吡喹酮的作用特点是疗效高、 疗程短、 剂量小、 代谢快、 毒性小以 及口服方便 吡喹酮的 世是寄生虫病化疗上的一项重大突破, 现在已成为 治疗多种寄生虫病的首选药物。
吡喹酮于 1975年由 Seubere等人首先合成, 德国 E-merck禾 Π Bayer两药 厂成功开发出该种药品。 1980年, E- metck 公司以商品名 Cesol 率先上市, 目前已在世界范围内广泛应用。 除用于人体外, 它也广泛用于动物、 家禽等 的抗寄生虫治疗。 在传统的吡喹酮生产过程中需要使用一些有毒、 有害的化 学物质, 如氰化钾、 环己亚酚氯等, 而且它的工艺路线较长 (参见下式), 反应条件也比较苛刻,,
Figure imgf000002_0001
最近, 科研人员从合成 喹酮中拆分获得左旋吡喹酮和右旋吡喹酮光学 异构偉。 并通过临床前和初期临床试验发现: 左旋吡喹酮是吡喹酮的有效杀 虫成分, 而右旋 比喹酮是无效甚至有害成分; 相同剂量下, 左旋吡喹酮临床 疗效比吡喹酮更好。 尽管世界卫生组织期望用左旋吡喹酮取代吡喹酮, 但多 年来左旋吡喹酮化学合成收率低的工艺难题一直悬而未解。
发明内容 本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种环保安全性好、 收率高的合成左 旋 P比喹酮的方法。
为解决以上技术问题, 本发明第一方面提供一种左旋吡喹酮的合成方 法,
Figure imgf000003_0001
上式中, R 代表烷基, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 脂肪酶能够立偉选择性地水解 R 构象 的四氢异喹 #甲酸酯得到 R型单一光学活性四氢异喹啉甲酸, E! 化合物 4 进一步地, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 脂跻酶优选为念珠菌着香脂肪酶, 念珠菌南 极洲 (CAL-A)或念珠瘦南极洲(CAL-B , Novozyme 435)。 根据本发明, 所用 的酶并不局限于天然来源, 包括通过分子生物学手段重组的酶。 所用的酶形 态并没有限制性要求, 既可以是千粉也可以是固定化的。
犹选地, R 为甲基、 乙基、 异丙基、 叔丁基或对甲氧基苯基, 其中又以 异丙基、 叔丁基或对甲氧基苯基为更优选。
迸一步地, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 优选使化合物 3e的外消旋体与脂肪酶在水饱 和离子液体中、 碱存在下, 以及温度 0 50 下反应生成化合物 4
优选地, 歩骤 (2 ) 的反应温度为 25 50 。
在一种特定的实例中, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 水饱和离子液体所涉及的离子液 体可以为各种适千用作溶剂的离子液体,其中优选为 1 -正丁基— 3 -甲基咪唑四 氟硼酸盐、 1 正丁基 -3- ^基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、 1 -正丁基 -3-甲基咪唑双(三氟 甲磺酰)亚胺或 1 -正丁基 比啶六氟磷酸盐。
优选地, 步骤 (2 ) 中, 所述的碱为选自四丁基氢氧化铵、 吡啶、 碳酸 氢钠以及三乙胺中的一种或多种, 该碱与化合物 3e 的外消旋体的投料摩尔 比为 1〜!, 1:1, 例如 ί, 05:1。 更优选地, 所述的碱为四丁基氢氧化铵。
在一具体的实施例中, 歩骤 (2) 的具体实施过程为: 在膜反应器中分 别加入化合物 3e 的外消旋体, 水饱和离子液体、 碱, 搅拌均匀后, 加入所 述脂肪酶, 密闭条件下启动反应, HPLC监测反应进程。
进一歩地,膜反应器中超滤膜的截流分子量为 〗()000 Da,在反应结束后, 利用气体将反应混合液体中除了脂肪酶之外的组分从膜反应器中压出, 脂肪 酶被截留在膜反应器中, 直接用于下一批次左旋吡喹酮的合成。
在另一具体的实施例中, 歩骤 ( 1) 中, 使化合物 3b 与氢气在 Pd/C 催 化剂或雷尼镍催化剂存在下以及温度 60〜70ΌΤ发生反应, 反应结束后, 过 滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩即得化合物 3e的外消旋体。
优选地, 歩骤 (3) 的实施过程可以如下: 先将化合物 4 转化成其盐酸 盐, 再悬浮于四氢呋喃中, 降温至 0'C 5"C , 滴加硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液, 加 毕, 于 20〜25°C下反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 0t 〜 5Ό, 加入 φ醇并在 0Ό〜5 Ό下滴加 10wt%〜15wt%的氢氧化钠溶液进行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20~25Ό进 行中和反应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲烷相经无水硫酸钠千燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合 物 5。
或者, 步骤 3) 还可采取^下实施过程; 先将化合物 4 转化成其盐酸 盐或其游离形式, 再悬浮于四氢呋喃中, 降温至 0Γ〜5Ό , 滴加翻垸的四氢 呋喃溶液(或也可加入硼氢化钠,再滴加三氟化硼乙醚溶液),加毕,于 20〜25 °( 下反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 ()O〜5°C, 加入甲醇并在 0° (:〜 5°C下滴加 10wi%〜15wi%的氢氧化钠溶液进行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20〜25°C进行中和反 应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲 烷相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合物 5。
将化合物 4加入到四氢呋喃中,加入硼氢化钠, 滴加三氟化硼乙醚溶液, 25〜30Ό下搅拌反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 0°C~5'C , 加入甲醇并在 0°C~5°C 下滴加 10wt%~15wt%的氫氧化钠溶液迸行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20〜25°C迸行 中和反应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲烷相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合 物 5。
优选地, 步骤 (6) 的实施过程如下: 将化合物 11, 四氢呋喃加入反应 器中, 搅拌均匀, 向反应混合物中分批次加入氢化钠, 加完毕后, 室温搅拌 反应 3-4小时后升温至 75Ό〜80Ό继续搅拌反应 5~7小时, HPLC检测反应完 全, 然后将反应混合物倒入饱和食盐水淬灭反应并析出产物, 过滤得固体粗 品, 将粗品. 无水乙醇重结晶得到左旋吡喹酮。
根据本发明的技术方案中涉及的步骤 (4 ) 和 (5 ) 的实施对于本领域技 术人员来说是非常熟悉的, 下文将通过实施例予以说明, 此处不再赘述。
本发明第二方 一种左旋吡喹酮中间体,其具有通式 I所示的结构:
Figure imgf000005_0001
式 I中, X代表 OH或 Ci。
本发明第三方面提供一种左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 该方法采取以下合成 路线:
Figure imgf000005_0002
上式中, R代表氢或烷基, 歩骤 (2 ) 中所述蛋白酶能够立体选择性地水 解 R构象的四氢异喹啉甲酰胺得到单一光学活性的 R型四氢异喹啉甲酸即化 合物 4。
进一步地, 歩骤 (2 ) 中, 所述的蛋白酶为选自南极假丝酵母脂酶, 曲 霉菌蛋白酶, 芽孢杆菌蛋白酶 〔' 如 Bacillus stearothermophiius BR388 ) , 地 衣芽孢籽菌蛋白酶 (例如地衣芽孢杆菌 2709 , bacillus iichemformis 2709 ), 灰色链霉菌 (灰色链霉菌 S 106, 灰色链霉菌 AS4.35 ) 以及糜蛋白酶中的一 种或多种; 或者, 也可以是多色青霉菌蛋白酶 ( CCF 2244, Penicillium multicolor CCF 2244 )、 表皮短杆菌蛋白酶 ( Brevibacterium epidermidis ZJB-07021) 或伯克霍尔德氏菌蛋白酶 ( Burkholderia sp. DSM 9925 )。
优选地, R代表氢或 脂肪烃基。
根据本发明的一个优选方面, 步骤 (2) 中, 使化合物 3f 的夕卜消旋体在 pH 7〜il 的缓冲液和助溶剂中, 在蛋白酶存在下, 干温度 10~50 TF反应。
步骤(2)具体实施如下:向反应器中加入化合物 3f 的外消旋体和 pH 7〜】i 的缓冲液, 助溶剂, 搅拌均匀, 反应偉系在温度 Ι0〜50Ό下加入蛋白酶启动 反应, 反应体系在温度 10〜50Γ下搅拌进行, HPLC 监测反应进程, 至转化 率大于 99%时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去蛋白酶, 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入丙酮析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物, 即为化合物 4。
优选地, 所述的缓冲液为 Tns- HCi缓^液, 所述助溶剂为选自甲醇、 乙 醇及二甲基亚砜中的一种或多种的组合。
优选地, 歩骤 (2) 反应的温度为 20〜40°C。
根据本发明的又一具体方面:
步骤 ( 1) 中, 使化合物 3a与氫气在 Pd-C催化剂或雷尼镍催化剂存在 下反应生成化合物 3f, 或者, 使化合物 3a与硼氢化钠发生反应生成化合物 步骤 (3) 的实施过程如下: 先将化合物 4 转化成其盐酸盐, 再悬浮于 四氢呋喃中, 降温至 0°C〜5°C , 滴加硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液, 加毕, 于
°( 下反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 ()O〜5°C, 加入甲醇并在 0° (:〜 5°C下滴加 10wi%〜15wi%的氢氧化钠溶液进行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20〜25°C进行中和反 应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲 烷相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合物 5。
或者, 步骤 (3) 还可采取如下实施过程: 先将化合物 4 转化成其盐酸 盐或其游离形式, 再悬浮于四氢呋喃中, 降温至 0T 〜 5°C, 滴加硼烷的四氢 呋喃溶液(或也可加入硼氢化钠,再滴加三氟化硼乙醚溶液),加毕,于 20〜25 XTT反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 (rC〜'5'C, 加入甲醇并在 01 〜 5Ό 滴加 10wt%~15wi%的氢氧化钠溶液迸行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20〜25°C进行中和反 应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂; 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲 烷相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合物 5。
步骤 (6) 的实施过程如下: 将化合物 11, 四氢呋喃加入反应器中, 搅 拌均匀, 向反应混合物中分批次加入氢化纳, 加完毕后, 室温搅拌反应 3〜4 小时后升温至 75Ό〜80'Ό继续搅拌反应 5〜7小时, HPLC检测反应完全, 然后 将反应混合物倒入饱和食盐水淬灭反应并析出产物, 过滤得固体粗品, 将粗 品用无水乙醇重结晶得到左旋吡喹酮。
由于以上技术方案的实施, 本发明与现有技术相比具有如下优点: 本发明通过生物酶催化的合成途径具有很多优点, 更适合大规模工业化 生产。 该方法是利用酶的高度立体、 位点、 区域选择性来催化化学合成的外 消旋体或衍生物中的某一对映体进行动态动力学拆分生产光学纯手性左旋 吡喹酮中间傳(R)—型化合物 4。 这些方法的工艺非常成熟、 原料易得、 成本 低, 绿色环保,便于大规模生产左旋体吡喹酮, 产品纯度可达到>98%, 提升 了质量标准, 为创制优质原料药和制¾打下基础, 由此解决了近 30 年来悬 而未解的高纯度左旋吡喹酮分离纯化的工业难题。
本专利釆用其生物酶催化的核心技术, 幵发了环保安全性好、 收率高的 手性合成左旋^喹酮的工艺, 为进一步进行临床前和临床成药性评价, 大规 模产业化生产左旋吡喹酮并进入国际市场铺平了道路。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的说明, 但本发明并不限于 以下实施例。
Figure imgf000007_0001
式中: R=甲基, 乙基, 异丙基, 叔丁基或对硝基苯基。
例 ί~1: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹 酸甲酯 ( 756, 8g, 4moU、 乙 醇 (7L) 和 10%催化剂 Pd/C (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢 气 (3MPa), 升温至 65"C, 搅拌反应 24 小^, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收催 化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得到 749.6g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹琳甲酸甲 酯 (以下称化合物 3e- 1 ), 纯度 95%, 收率 98%„
化合物 3e- 1的核磁数据如下: iH NMR CDC , 400ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 1.35 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.03-2.21 (brs, 1H), 2.68-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.98-3,01 ( J - 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.54 (s, 1H), 7.02-7.40 (m, 4H, ArH)。
例 1- 2: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉甲酸乙酯(812.9g, 4mol)> 乙醇 ( 7L) 和 10%催化剂 Pd/C (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢气 ( 3MPa), 丹温至 65Ό , 搅拌反应 24 小时, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收催化 剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得到 804, 58g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹啉甲酸乙 酯 (以下称化合物 3e- 2), 纯度 960/ 收率 98%。
化合物 3e- 2 的核磁数据如下: NMR(CDCb, 00ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 1.28 1.37 (ί, 3H, -CH2-CH3), 2,01-2,27(br s, 】H, NH), 2.78- 2.84 (m, 2H, CH2),
3.03- 3.33 (m, 2H, CH2), 4,19 4,24 (m, 2H, -CH2-CH3), 4,7 l(s, 1H, CH), 7.11-7.35 (m, 4 , ArH)。
例 Ϊ- 3; 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹 n林甲酸异丙酯(869.0g, 4mol)、 乙 醇 ( 7L) 和 10/ό催化剂 Pd/C (60g), 用氢气置換容器内空气后, 继续通入氢 气 (3MPa), 升温至 65Ό , 搅拌反应 24 小 B寸, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收催 化剂, 反应液经减压浓縮, 得到 9】4.57g 油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹 *甲酸 异丙醋 (以下称化合物 3e-3h 纯度 94%, 收率 98%。
化合物 3e-3 的核磁数据如下: lH MRfCDCi3, 400MHz 7 δ ppm): 1,28— 1,35 (t, 3Hx2, CH3), 2,03-2,22 ( r s, 1H, NH), 2.67-2.69 (rn, 2H, CH2.), 2.83-2.93 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.31-4.54 (m, 1H, - CH- CH3), 4.74 (s, 1H, CH), 7,02-7.32 (m, 4H, ArH)。
例 1- 4: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉甲酸叔丁基酯(925.2g, 4mol), 乙醇 (7L) 和 10%催化剂 Pd/C (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入 氢气 3MPa), 升温至 65Ό, 搅摔反应 24 小时, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收 催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得到 895.91g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹啉甲 酸叔丁酯 (以下称 3e-4化合物), 纯度 96%, 收率 96%。
化合物 3e-'4的核磁数据如下: Ή MR(CDC13, 00ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 1.48 (s, 9H' CH3), 2.10-2.35 (brs, 1H' NH), 2.61-2.84 (m, 2H, CH2), 2.97-3.08 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.08 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.78{s, 1H, CH), 7.12-7.43 ( , 4H, ArH)。
例 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹琳甲酸对甲氧苯基顏(1170.2g, 4mol)、 乙醉 (7L) 和 10%催化剂 Pd/C (60g), )¾氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢气 (3MPa), 升温至 65°C , 搅摔反应 24 小时, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得到 1131.13g固倖物质> 即为四氢异 喹啉甲酸对甲氧苯基酯 (以下称 3e- 5化合物), 纯度 93%, 收率 96%。
化合物 3e-5 的核磁数据如下: lH NMR(CDCI3, 400ΜΗζ, δ ppm):
2.04- 2.35 (brs, 1H, NH), 2.66— .2.74 (m., 2H, CH2), 2.87-3.02 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.08 (s, 3H, CH3), 4.76(s, 1H, CH), 7.02-7,13 (m, H, ArH), 7,20-7,31 (m, 2H, ArH), 8.16-8.28 (m, 2H, ArH)„
例 i~6: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉 ¥酸甲酯 ( 756, 8g, 4moU、 乙 醇 (7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂 (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢气 (3MPa), 25-30度搅拌反应 10- 12小时, HPLC检测反应完全停止反应, 过 滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得 726.6g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹啉 甲酸甲翻(化合物 3e- 1, 纯度纯度 95.5%>, 收率 95'½), 可不经进一歩纯化直 接用于下一步反应。
例 1- 7: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉甲酸乙酯 (8i2.9g, 4mol), 乙 醇 (7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂 (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢气 (3MPa), 25- 30度撹摔反应 10 12小时, HPLC检测反应完全停止反应, 过 滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得 788, 2g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹啉 甲酸乙酯(化合物 3e- 2, 纯度 96.8%, 收率 96%), 可不经进一歩纯化直接用 于下—一步反应。
例 1-8: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉甲酸异丙酯 ( 869.0g, 4mol), 乙醇 (7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂 (60g), ¾氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢 气 (3MPa), 25- 30度搅拌反应 10- 12小时, HPLC检测反应完全停止反应, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓縮, 得 859.9g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹 琳甲酸异丙酯(化合物 3e-3, 纯度 95.4%, 收率 98%), 可不经进一步纯化直 接用于下一步反应。
例 1-9: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啉甲酸叔丁基酯 ( 925.2g, 4ηιο!). 乙醇 (7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂 (60g), ^氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢 气 (3MPa), 25-30度搅拌反应 10 12小时, HPLC检测反应完全停止反应, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得 895.9g油状化合物, 即为四氢异喹 啉甲酸异丙酯(化合物 3e- 4, 纯度 96,6%, 收率 96%), 可不经进一步纯化直 接用于下一步反应。
例 ί- 10: 在密闭容器中, 加入二氢异喹啦甲酸对甲氧苯基酯 ( 1170.2g, 4mol). 乙醇 (7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂 (60g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继 续通入氢气 (3MPa), 25-30度搅拌反应 10-12小时, HPLC检测反应完全停 止反应, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 得 U31.13g固体化合物, 即 为四氢异喹 *甲酸对甲氧苯基酯(化合物 3e-5, 纯度 95.2%, 收率 96%), 可 不经进一步纯化直接用于下 -步反应。
实施例 2 釆取如下路线合成 R型四氢异喹 *甲酸 (化合物 4)
Figure imgf000009_0001
例 2-l: 反应介质试验
在 50 ml 膜反应器(超滤膜的截流分子量为 10 000 Da) 中分别加入 205.3 mg(l OOmmoi)外消旋四氢异喹啉甲酸乙酯(± 3 e- 2), 20 mi水饱和离子液 体, 272,5 mg(105!mmol) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 搅拌均匀后, 加入 lOO mg南极 假丝酵母脂肪酶 B (Candida Antarctica lipase B, 购自 Sigma 公司)后, 密闭 条件下启动反应(20 V , 180转每分钟), HPLC监测反应迸程, 反应 24 小时 后停止反应,然后用氮气将反应混合液傳(包括底物和产物) 从膜反应器中压 出, 南极假丝酵母脂肪酶 B则被保留在反应器中。 在进行反复批式反应时, 向反应器中添加 205.3 mg(lOOmmoi)夕卜消旋四氢异喹琳 Ψ酸乙酯(±3e- 2), 20 mi水饱和离子液体, 272.5 mg(l()5mmoi) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 进行下一批 反应。 所用离子液体及对应转化率及 度参见表 1。
Figure imgf000010_0001
Figure imgf000010_0002
例 2-5 : 反应介质试验
在 50 ml 膜反应器(超滤膜的截流分子量为 〗0 000 Da) 中分别加入 205,3 mg(】00mmoi)夕卜消旋四氢异喹啦甲酸乙酯(±3e- 2), 20 ml水饱和离子液 体, 272.5 mg(105mmo【) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 搅拌均匀后, 加入 lOO mg念 珠菌舊香脂肪酶 ( Candida rugosa, owder, 购自 Sigma 公司) 后, 密闭条 件下启动反应(20Ό , 180转每分钟), HPLC 监測反应进程, 反应 24 小时后 停止反应, 然后用氮气将反应混合液体(包括底钧和产物) 从膜反应器中压 岀, 念珠菌藿香脂肪酶则被保留在反应器中。 在进行反复批式反应时, 向 反应器中添加 205.3 mg(iOOmmol)外消旋四氢异喹啉甲酸乙酯(士 3e-2), 20 ml 水饱和离子液体, 272.5 mg(〗05mmoi) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 迸行下一批反应。 所用离子液体及对应转化率及光学纯度参见表 2。
表 2 序 离子液体 离子液体 转化率 e.e值 口
简称 中文名称 24小 24小时
1 (C4niim)BF4 1-正丁基 -3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐 69,6% 92.2%
2 (C4mim)PF6 1 -正丁基 - 3 -甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐 99,2% 99,3%
3 (C4mim)(NTf2) 1-正丁基 -3-甲基咪唑双 (三氟甲磺酰)亚胺 99,1% 99,2%
4 (C4Py)(PF6) i-正丁基 啶六氟磷酸盐 68.5% 1.5% 例 2-6 : 反应温度试验
在 50 m〖 膜反应器(超滤膜的截流分子量为 10 000 Da) 中分别加入 205.3 mg(lOOmmol)外消旋四氢异喹琳甲酸乙酉 (±3e- 2), 20 mi水饱和 1-正 丁基— 3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐, 272,5 mg(105mmol) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 搅拌 均匀后, ft!入 iOO mg南极假丝酵母脂 酶 B (Candida Antarctica lipase B; powder, 购自 Sigma 公司 )或念'珠菌舊香脂肪酶 ( Candida rugosa, powder, 购自 Sigma 公司) 后, 密闭条件下启动反应(分别于 3Ό、 25 °C . 50°C各 2 组反应, i80转每分钟), HPLC监测反应进程, 反应 24小时后停止反应, 然 后用氮气将反应混合液体(包括底物和产物) 丛膜反应器中压出,南极假丝酵 母脂肪酶 B 或念珠菌藿香脂肪酶则被保留在反应器中。 在进行反复批式反 应时, 向反应器中添加 205,3 mg(lOOmmoi)外消旋四氢异喹 *甲酸乙酯(士 3e- 2),20 mi水饱和 1 -正丁基 - 3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐, 272.5 mg(l 05mmol) 四 丁基氢氧化铵 进行下一批反应。 不同温度及所 ^脂肪酶与对应转化率及光 学纯度参见表 3。
Figure imgf000011_0001
例 1~Ί 不同底 l反应试验
在 50 m〖 膜反应器(超滤膜的截流分子量为 10 000 Da) 中分别加入 191.3 mg(iOOinmol)化合物 3e- 1,或 205.3 mg(lOOmmol) 化合物 3e- 2,或 219.3 mg(lOOmmol) 化合物 3e-3, 或 233.3mg ( iOOmmol) 化合物 3e- 4, 或 298.3 mgilOOmmol) 夕卜消旋四氢异喹 *甲酸对甲氧基苯基酯 (化合物 3e- 5 ), 20 ml 水饱和 1-正丁基 -3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐, 272.5 ng (105mmol) 四丁基氢氧 化铵, 搅拌均匀后, 加入 100 mg南极假丝酵母脂肪酶 B (Candida Antarctica lipase B, powder, 购自 Sigma 公司) 或念 i朱菌藿香,脂肪酶 (; Candida rugosa, powder, 购自 Sigraa 公司) 后, 密闭条件下启动反应(25 °C各 2组反应, 】80 转每分钟), HPLC 监测反应进程, 反应 24 小时后停止反应, 然后用氮气将 反应混合液体(包括底物和产物) 从膜反应器中压出, 南极假丝酵母脂肪酶 B或念珠菌藿香脂肪酶则被保留在反应器中。 在进行反复批式反应时, 向反 应器中分别添加相应量的相应化合物, 20 mi水饱和 1—正丁基—3- Φ基咪唑六 氟磷酸盐, 272.5 mg(105mmoi) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 进行下一批反应。 不同底 物及所用脂肪酶与反应批次对应转化率及光学纯度参见表 4。
表 4
Figure imgf000012_0001
例 2-8: 化合物 4的制备
反应产物制备试验 (念珠菌藿香脂肪酶) (Candida rugosa, powder, ft购自 Sigma 公司)。
在 10 L 嫫反应器 (;超滤膜的截流分子量为 10 000 Da) 中分别加入 466.6g(2mol)外消旋叔丁酯(化合物 3e- 4), 5 L水饱和 1 正丁基—3-甲基咪唑六 氟磷酸盐, 531.9 g(2.05mol) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 搅拌均匀后, 加入 i00 g念 珠菌着香脂肪酶 ( Candida rugosa, powder, 购自 Sigma公司) 后, 密闭条件 下启动反应(20 'C, 18()转每分钟), HPLC监测反应进程, 反应 24小时转化 率 99.6%, 停止反应, 然后用氮气将反应混合液体(包括底物和产物) 从膜反 应器中压出, 念珠菌 «香脂肪酶则被保留在反应器中。 在迸行反复批式反应 时, 向反应器中添加 466.6g(2moi) 化合物 3e 4, 5 L水饱和 1-正丁基 3-甲基 咪唑六氟磷酸盐, 531.9 g(2.05mol) 四丁基氢氧化铵, 进行下一批反应, 可 连续重复迸行 5次, 每批次转化率大于 99%。
单批次反应后处理: 在搅拌下向膜反应器中压出的反应混合液体中加入 5L丙酮, 产物 A混合液体中析出, 过滤得粗产物。 滤液减压蒸镏回收丙酮, 剩余离子液体以水饱和后用于下批次反应。 将粗产物溶于水 /丙酮 U/2) 9L 中重结晶得到白色固体产品 3i8.9克, 分离获得率 9()¾ e.e值 99.6%, 熔点 241-243°C。
化合物 4核磁数据如下: !H :NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz, δ ppm): 2,87 (m, 2H,CH2CH2N), 3.45 (m, 2H, CH2CH2N), 5.53 (d, 1H, CHCOOH), 7.35 (m, 4H, ArH), 9.45 (s, IH, COOH),
氢异喹 #甲醇 (化合物 S)
Figure imgf000013_0001
例 化合物 4 ( 17,72 克, lOOmmoi) 加入到 lOOOniL 四氢呋喃中, 通入氯化氢至饱和, 然后旋干得化合物 4盐酸盐, 再悬浮于 iOOOmL 四氢呋 喃中, 降温至 0°C , 滴加硼垸的四氢呋喃溶液 (300m:L, SOOmmoi, ]M 四氢 呋 B 溶液) 加完于 20- 25Ό , 反应 24小时, 体系变澄清。 将此体系降 fi至 0C, 加入甲醇(5()0mL)并在 OtTF滴加 10%氢氧化钠(70 raL) , 加完, 于 20-25 Γ搅拌反应 4小时。 减压蒸馏去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氣甲烷 (200mL) 萃 取。 二氯甲烷有机相经无水硫酸钠千燥, 去溶剂, 粗产物经 ΐ苯重结晶得到 15克白色固体即为化合物 5, 收率 92%, 纯度 96%, 熔点 198- 200°C。
化合物 5核磁数据如下: if NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz, 0 ppm): 2.58 (s, br, 2H), 2.85-2.97 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.26 (br s, IH, OH), 5.63 (dd, IH), 7.35-7.78 (m, 4H, ArH)。
MS (ESI, +ve): ni/z: 164.1 [M+H]十。
例 3~2: 化合物 4 ( 17,72 克, lOOmmol) 加入到 IOOOmL 四氢呋喃中, 加入硼氢化钠(3.8克, lOOmmol), 滴加三氟化硼乙醚溶液(20mL) , 25 30度 搅拌反应 24小 , 体系变澄清。 将此体系降温至 0°C, 加入甲醇(5()0mL)并 在 0 Ό下滴加 10%氢氧化纳 (70 mL) . 加完于 20-25度搅抨反应 4小时。 减压 蒸馏去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯 ¥垸 ( 200mL) 萃取。 二氯甲垸有机相经污 水硫酸钠千燥, 去溶剂, 粗产物经甲苯重结晶得到 15.5克白色固体即为化合 物 5, 收率 95¾>, 纯度 98%, 熔点 i98- 200Ό。 化合物 5核磁数据: JH NMR (CDC 13, 400MHz, δ ppm)s 2.58 (s,br, 2H), 2.85-2.97 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.46 (m, 2.H), 3.26 (br s, IH, OH), 5.63 (dd, IH), 7.35-7.78 (ni, 4H ArH
MS (ESi, +ve): ai/z: 164. i [M十 H]f
实施例 4 采取如下路线铱次合成化合物 II
Figure imgf000014_0001
将化合物 5 (8.16g, SOnimol), 乙酸乙酯 (30mL) 和三乙胺 (12,14g, 120mmol) 加入反应器中, 搅拌均匀, 向反应混合物中滴加化合物 9 〔环己 酰胺乙酰氯氯乙酰氯, ]2„22g, 60mmo!), 滴加完毕后室温搅拌反应 3小时, HPLC 检溯反应完全, 向反应混合物中加入氯化亚 S¾ ( 7.73g, 65mmol), 加 热至回流, 反应 6〜8小时 HPLC检測反应完全, 过滤除去不溶物, 乙酸乙 酯层依次用水和饱和食盐水洗涤、 无水硫酸镁干燥, 减压去溶剂得化合物 11 固体粗品 ( 13.95g), 收率 80%, ee值大于 99%, 直接^于下步反应。
Figure imgf000014_0002
将化合物 11 (8.72g, 25mmol), 四氢呋喃 (30mL) 加入反应器中, 搅 拌均匀, 向反应混合物中分批次加入重量含量为 80%氢化钠 ( 0.9 g, SOmmol), 加完毕后, 室温搅拌反应 3-4小时后升温至 80 C继续搅拌反应 6 小时, HPLC 检测反应完全, 然后将反应混合物倒入饱和食盐水 ( i00 ml) 淬灭反应并析出产物, 过滤得固体粗品。 将粗品 无水乙醇重结晶得到纯品 7.03g即为左旋吡喹酮, 收率 90%, 熔点 ]13- 115°C, ee值大于 99%。
左旋吡喹酮核磁数据如下: lH NM (D SO-d6, 400MHz, δ ρηι): 1.21-1,96 (m, 10H,5xCH2), 2.45-2.50 (m, 1H,CH), 2.78-3.05 (m, 4H, CH2), 4.10 (d, IH, CH2), 4,48 (d, IH, CH2), '4,79 4.85 (m, 2Η Η2); 5.20 (d, IH, CH), 7.12-7.30 (m, 4H, Ar H)。
MS (ESI, 十 ve): m/z: 313.1 [M十 H]十。
实施例 1A 釆
3a CONH;
Figure imgf000015_0001
例 ίΑ- 1: 在密闭容器中, 加入化合物 3a ( 87.1g, 0.5mol), 乙醇 〔0,7L〉 和 10%催化剂 Pd/C (6 g),用氢气置换容器内空气后,继续通入氢气( i MPa), 升温至 30X , 搅拌反应 8小时, 检测反应完全, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经 减压浓缩, 得到 84.57g固体化合物, 即为化合物 3f (四氢异喹啉 酰胺外消 旋体) 纯度 95.】%, 收率 96,1%:,
化合物 3f的核磁数据: XH NMR(CDC13, 400ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 2.03 (brs, 1 H), 2.63-2.70 (m, IH), 2.74-2.81 (m, IH), 2,98 (t, j == 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.34 fs, IH), 6.97 (brs, 2H), 7.00—7.02 (m, IH), 7.09—7.11 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.44 (m, 1H)。 MS (ESI, +ve): m/z: 177.1 [M十 H] +。
¾ 1A-2: 在密闭容器中, 加入化合物 3a ( 87.1 g, 0.5mol)、 甲醇 〔0.7L) 和雷尼镍催化剂(12g), 用氢气置换容器内空气后, 继续通入氢气 (】 MPa), 25-30度搅拌反应 8小时, HPLC检测反应完全停止反应, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经减压浓缩, 剩余物 82.37g固体化合物, 即为化合物 3f, 纯度 95.4%, 收率 93.5%, 可不经进一步纯化直接 于下一步反应。
化合物 3f的核磁数据: Ή NMR(CDC13, 400ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 2.03 (brs, IH), 2.63-2.70 (m, IH), 2.74— 2,81(m, IH), 2,98 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.34 (s, IH), 6,97 (brs, 2H), 7.00—7.02 (rri, IH), 7,09-7,11 (m, 2H), 7,40 7.44 (m, 1H)。 MS (ESI,十、' e): m/z: 177.1 [M十 H]十。
例 化合物 3a ( 87. Ig, 0.5mol) 加入到 lOOOmL 乙醇中, 分批次 加入硼氢化钠(19 g, 0.5mol), 30-40度搅拌反应 16小时, 偉系变澄清。 HPLC 检测反应完全停止反应, 减压蒸馏去有机溶剂, 剩余物加入饱和食盐水 iOOmL, 析出沉淀, 过滤, 粗产 l经乙醇和水重结晶得到四氢异喹琳甲酰胺 82, 37g 白色固体化合 ft (3f) (81.58克), 收率 92.6%, 纯度 99%。
化合物 3f核磁数据: 4-!: NMR(CDCi3, 400MHz, δ pm): 2.03 (brs, IH), 2.63—2.70 (m, IH), 2.74-2.81(m, IH), 2.98 (t, J === 5.9 Hz, 2H), 4.34 (s, IH), 6.97 (brs, 2H), '7.00—7.02 (m, IH), 7.09—7.11 (m, 2H), 7.40—7,44 (m, IH:)。 MS (ESI, H-ve); m/z: 177.1 [M +H] +。
物 4)
Figure imgf000016_0001
2A-1: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f U76mg, lOOmmol) 和 Tris- HCI缓冲 液 ( lOmL, O.lm , pH8.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂甲醇 (0.2mL), 搅拌均匀, 反应体系在温度 25 C T加入蛋白酶(: iOmg,多色青霉菌 CCF 2244, Peniciliium multicolor CCF 2244, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在温度 25°C下搅摔进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应迸行 36小时转化率大于 99%时停 止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入丙酮 析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 121.6 mg, 即化合 物 4, 收率 68.6%, eell75.2%, 熔点 242- 245 。C 。
化合物 4的核磁数据: 1H丽 R(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3.06-3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7,28-7,54 (m, 4H, ArH) 。
例 向反应器中加入化合物 3b (44.1mg, 25mmoi) 和 Tris- HC1缓冲 液 ( lOmL, O.lmM, pH9.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂乙醇 ( O.lmL), 搅拌均匀, 反应体系在温度 38Ό下加入蛋白酶 ( lOrag, 表皮短杆菌 ZjB- 07021 ,
Brevi bacterium epidermidis ZJB- 07021, 属干芽孢杆菌蛋白酶, 购自德国生物 资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在温度 38Ό下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进 程。 反应进行 20小时转化率大子 99%时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶 蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入丙酮析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重 结晶得到白色固体产物 32.1 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 72,4%, ee值 76.7%, 熔点 238 240 °C„
化合物 4核磁数据: 1H NMR(D20, 400ΜΗζ, δ ppm): 3.06 -3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7,54 (m, 4H, ArH)。
例 2A-3: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f (44,lmgs 25mmol) 和 Tris- HC1缓; '中 液 ( lOmL, O.lmM, pH9.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂 DMSO ( 0.1 mL ) , 搅拌均 匀, 反应体系在温度 18Ό下加入蛋白酶 ( 10mg, 多色青霉菌 CCF 2244, Peniciliium multicolor CCF 2244,购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体 系在温度 18Ό下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 42小时转化率大于 99¾时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物 加入丙酮析出固体过滤,滤 经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 34, 68 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 78.3%, ee值 88.6%, 熔点 238 240 ° (:。
化合物 4核磁数据; 1 H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3.06 -3.10 (m, 2.H, CH2), 3.43-3,63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, : !H, CH ), 7.28-7,54 (m, 4H, ArH) 。
M2A-4: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f ( 176mg, lOOmmoi) 和 Tris- HC缓冲 液 UOmL, O.lmM, pHH), 含 lmM :DTT) 助溶剂甲醇 (0.2mL) , 搅拌均勾, 反应偉系在温度 25°C下加入蛋白酶 ( l()mg, 绿针假单胞菌 B23, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23,, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在温度 25 下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 32小时转化率大于 99%时停止 反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入丙酮析 出固 过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 141.76 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 80.0%, ee值 87.5¾, 熔点 242- 245 °C。
化合物 4核磁数据: 3H NM (D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3.06-3.10 (m, 2H, C¾), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, C¾), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArH) 。
例 2A- 5: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f (44,lmg, 25mmol) 和 Tris- HCi缓冲 液 ( i0mL, O.lmM, pH9.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂乙醇 (O.imL) , 搅拌均匀, 反应体系在温度 37°C下加入蛋白酶 ( 10mg, 绿针假单胞菌 B23, Pseudomonas chlororaphis B23,, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在温度 37 'Ό下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 28小时转化率大于 99¾时停止 反应, 盐酸调节 pH:值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入丙酮析 出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 38.4 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 86,7%, eefl 3.3%, 熔点 238 240 QC。
化合物 4核磁数据: 3H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3,06-3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, IE, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArE) 。
f!|2A-6: 向反应器中加入化合物 3b (44.1mg, 25mmoi) 和 Tris-HCl缓冲 液 ( iOmL, O.lmM, pH8.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂 DMSO ( O.lmL), 搅拌均 匀, 反应偉系在温度 45Ό下加入蛋白酶 ( iOrng, 绿针假单胞菌 B23,
Pseudonionas chlororaphis B23,, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体 系在温度 45T:下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 ] 6小时转化率大 亍 99%时停止反应, 盐酸调 'pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剰余 物加入丙酮析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 4] .1 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 92.6%, ee值 89.1%, 熔点 238 240 °C。
化合物 4核磁数据: 】H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3,06-3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, C¾), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArH)„ 例 2A-7: 向反应器中加入化合物 3b (: 176mg, iOOmmol) 和 Tris-:HC1缓冲 液 (:!0m:L, O.lmM, pHIO, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂甲醇 (0,2mL), 搅拌均匀, 反应体系在温度 25 C 加入蛋白酶 ( 10mg, 伯克霍尔德氏菌 DSM 9925, Burkholderia sp. DSM 9925, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在 温度 25Ό不搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 26小时转化率大于 99% 时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入 丙酮析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 ί38, 9 mg, 即 化合物 4, 收率 78.4%, ee值 91.8%' 溶点 242- 245。 (:。
化合物 4核磁数据: H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3,06-3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArH).
例 2A- 8: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f (44.1mg, 25mmoi) 和 Tris- HC5 缓冲液 ( lOmL, O.lmM, pH9.5, 含 ImM DTT), ift溶剂乙醇 ( O.lmL) , 搅拌 均匀, 反应体系在温度 35°C下加入蛋白酶(】0mg, 伯克霍尔德氏菌 DSM 9925, Burkholdena sp. DSM 9925, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在 温度 35°C下搅拌进行, HPLC监测反应进程。 反应进行 10小时转化率大于 99% 时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加入 丙酮析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 39.16 mg, 即 化合物 4, 收率 88.4%, ee值 96.8%, 熔点 238- 240 ° (:。
化合物 4核磁数据 t 】H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3.06-3.10 (m, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (m, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArH)„ 例 2A-9: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f ( 44,lmg5 25mmol) 和 Tris-HCl缓 冲液 ( 10mL, O.lmM, pH8.5, 含 ImM DTT), 助溶剂 DMSO (O.lmL), 搅拌 均匀,反应体系在温度 40 Ό下加入蛋白酶( 10 m g ,伯克霍尔德氏菌 D S M 9925 , Burkholderia sp. DSM 9925, 购自德国生物资源中心) 启动反应, 反应体系在 温度 40 C下搅拌进行, HPLC 监测反应进程。 反应进行 〗6 小时转化率大于 99%时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH 值并离心去酶蛋白。 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余 物加入丙酮析出固体过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物 40.49 mg, 即化合物 4, 收率 9i.4%, ee值 99.1%, 熔点 238 240 °C。
化合物 4核磁数据: ]H NMR(D20, 400MHz, δ ppm): 3.06-3,10 (ηι, 2H, CH2), 3.43-3.63 (ni, 2H, CH2), 4.95 (s, 1H, CH ), 7.28-7.54 (m, 4H, ArH:)。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点, 其目的在于让熟悉此项 技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施, 并不能以此限制本发明的保 护范围。 凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰, 都应涵盖在本发明 的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求;
K 一
Figure imgf000019_0001
上式中, R代表焼基, 歩骤 (2) 中的脂肪酶能够立体选择性地水解 R 构象 的四氢异喹 #甲酸酯得到 R_型单一光学活性四氢异喹啉甲酸即化合物 4
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法5 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中的脂肪酶为念珠菌藿香脂肪酶, 念珠菌南极洲 (CAL-A)或念珠菌南极洲 (CAL-B, Nov zyme 435)。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: R为甲基、 乙基、 异丙基、 叔丁基或对甲氧基苯基。
4、 根据权利要求 i 至 3 中任一项权利要求所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中, 使化合物 3e的外消旋体与脂防酶在水饱和离子 液体中、 碱存在下, 以及温度 50Ό下反应生成化合物 4。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中,所述水饱和离子液体所涉及的离子液体为 1-正丁基 -3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸 盐、 1-正丁基 -3-甲基咪哇六氟磷酸盐、 1—正丁基—3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲磺酰) 亚胺或 -正丁基 -吡啶六氟 ϋ酸盐。
6、 根据权利要求 4所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 歩骤 (2) 中使用的碱选自四丁基氢氧化铵、 吡啶、 碳酸氢钠以及:三乙胺中的一种或多 种, 该碱与化合物 3e的外消旋体的投料摩尔比为 1^1.1:1。
7、 根据权利要求 4所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 的具体实施过程为: 在膜反应器中分别加入化合物 3e 的外消旋体, 水饱和 离子液体、 碱, 搅拌均匀后, 加入所述脂肪酶, 密闭条件下启动反应, HPLC 监测反应进程, 在反应结束后, 利用气体将反应混合液体中除了脂肪酶之外 的组分从膜反应器中压出, 脂肪酶被截留在膜反应器中, 直接用于下一批次 左旋吡喹酮的合威。
8、 根据权利要求 〗 或 3所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于:
步骤 ( 1 ) 中, 使化合物 3b 与氢气在 Pd/C 催化剂或雷尼镍催化剂存在 下以及温度 60〜70 Ό下发生反应, 反应结束后, 过滤回收催化剂, 反应液经 减压浓缩即得化合物 3 e的处消旋体;
步骤 (3 ) 的实施过程如下: 先将化合物 4 转化成其盐酸盐或其游离形 式, 再悬浮干四氢呋喃中, 降温至 i) 'C〜5 : , 滴加硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液或者 先加入硼氢化钠再滴加:三氟化硼乙醚溶液, 加毕, 于 20〜25 Ό下反应, 反应 结束后, 降温至 0 X;〜 5 °C, 加入 φ醇并在 01: 5 ITF滴加 10wt% 15wt%的氢 氧化钠溶液进行中和, 加毕, 升温至 20〜25 进行中和反应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机溶剂, 剩余物以二氯甲烷萃取, 二氯甲垸相经无水硫酸钠 干燥, 去溶剂得粗产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合物 5。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 歩骤 (6 ) 的实施过程如下: 将化合物 11, 四氢呋 «加入反应器中, 搅拌均匀, 向反应 混合物中分批次加入氢化钠, 加完毕后, 室温搅拌反应 3〜'4小时后升温至 75 Ό〜80 Ό继续搅拌反应 5~7小时, HPLC检测反应完全, 然后将反应混合物倒 入饱和食盐水淬灭反应并析出产物, 过滤得固体粗品, 将粗品用无水乙醇重 结晶得到左旋 ^喹酮,,
10、 一种左旋^喹 通式 I所示的结抅-
Figure imgf000020_0001
式 I中, X代表 ΟΗ或 Cl。
1 1 , 一种左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 该方法采取以下合成路线;
Figure imgf000021_0001
Figure imgf000021_0002
上式中, R 代表氢或烷基, 步骤 (2) 中的蛋白酶能够立体选择性地水解 R 构象的四氢异喹啉甲酰胺得到单一光学活性的 R型四氢异喹淋甲酸即化合物 4
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中的蛋白酶选自南极假丝酵母脂酶、 曲霉菌蛋白酶、 芽孢杆菌蛋白酶、 地衣 芽孢杆菌蛋白酶、 灰色链霉菌、 糜蛋白酶、 多色青霉菌蛋白酶、 表皮短杆菌 蛋白酶以及伯克霍尔德氏菌蛋白酶中的一种或多种。
13、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: R代表氢 或 CL6脂钫烃基。
14、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 中, 使化合物 3f 的外消旋体在 pH 7 11 的缓冲液和助溶剂中, 在蛋白酶存在 下, 于温度 10 50°C下反应。
15、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (2) 具体实施如下: 向反应器中加入化合物 3f 的外消旋体和 p:H 7-11 的缓冲液, 助溶剂, 搅拌均匀, 反应体系在温度 〗()〜50TTF加入蛋白酶启动反应, 反应 体系在温度 〗i 50 C下搅拌迸行, HPLC 监测反应进程, 至转化率大于 99% 时停止反应, 盐酸调节 pH 值并离心去蛋白酶, 经减压浓缩去水, 剩余物加 入丙酮析出固体, 过滤, 滤饼经乙醇和水重结晶得到白色固体产物, 即为化 合物 4
】6、 根据权利要求 !4或 15所述的左旋 ^喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 所 述的缓冲液为 Tris HC1缓冲液, 所述助溶剂为选自甲醇、 乙醇及二甲基亚砜 中的一种或多种的组合。
17、 根据权利要求 14或 15所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步 骤 (2) 反应的温度为 20~40Ό。
】8、 根据权利要求 ]1所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 ( 1) 中, 使化合钩 3 a与氢气在 Pd- C催化剂或雷尼镖催化剂存在下反应生成化合 物 3f, 或者, 使化合物 3a与硼氢化钠发生反应生成化合物 3f。
19、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (3) 的实施过程如下: 先将化合物 4转化成其盐酸盐或其游离形式, 再悬浮于四 氢呋喃中, 降温至 0Ό〜5Ό, 滴加硼烷的四氢呋喃溶液或者先加入硼氢化铀 再滴加三氟化硼乙醚溶液, 加毕, 千 20〜.25°C 反应, 反应结束后, 降温至 CTC^ C,加入甲醇并在 0°C~5O下滴加 10wt%~'15wt¾,的氢氧化钠溶液迸行中 和, 加毕, 升温至 20 25°C进行中和反应, 反应结束后, 减压蒸馏除去有机 溶剂, 剩余物以二氯 ¥烷萃取, 二氯甲烷相经无水硫酸钠干燥, 去溶剂得粗 产物, 再经甲苯重结晶即得化合物 5。
20、 根据权利要求 11所述的左旋吡喹酮的合成方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 (6) 的实施过程如下: 将化合物 11, 四氢呋喃加入反应器中, 搅拌均匀, 向反应 混合物中分批次加入氢化铀, 加完毕后, 室温搅拌反应 3〜4小^后升温至 75
继续搅拌反应 5〜7小时, HPLC检测反应完全, 然后将反应混合物倒 入饱和食盐水淬灭反应并析出产物, 过滤得固体粗品, 将粗品用无水乙醇重 结晶得到左旋^喹酮。
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