WO2013123753A1 - 一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013123753A1
WO2013123753A1 PCT/CN2012/078510 CN2012078510W WO2013123753A1 WO 2013123753 A1 WO2013123753 A1 WO 2013123753A1 CN 2012078510 W CN2012078510 W CN 2012078510W WO 2013123753 A1 WO2013123753 A1 WO 2013123753A1
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Prior art keywords
calibration
amplitude
channel
transmitting
module
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PCT/CN2012/078510
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孔维刚
雷红
白朝军
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2013123753A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013123753A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
    • H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
    • H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular, to an apparatus and method for synchronous calibration of multiple antennas of an active antenna. Background technique
  • each cell usually uses an antenna installed at the top of the tower to transmit and receive signals, and uses a radio remote unit (RRU) to provide a high-power transmission signal to the antenna through a feeder, and receives the antenna by using a feeder.
  • the incoming signal is passed to the RRU for further processing.
  • Beamforming based on this architecture is done within the antenna, which is typically a passive antenna.
  • the amplitude and phase difference required for beamforming is typically done by an internal antenna network and a phase shifting network. It is worth mentioning that the phase shifting network is realized by a motor-driven mechanical structure, the structure is relatively complicated, and the reliability is not high in the phase adjustment process of the antenna array.
  • beamforming techniques are implemented in digital processing units. Before beamforming, amplitude and phase calibration of each receive and transmit channel is required so that synchronization can be achieved between multiple transmit and receive channels.
  • the existing active antenna calibration method is usually implemented by adding and receiving a calibration module in the antenna system, for example: Patent No. CN 101651480A, the invention name is "active antenna, base station, method and signal processing method for refreshing amplitude and phase"
  • the patent adds a special transceiver calibration channel and coupler to the antenna system to complete the calibration of the transceiver channel, making the structure of the entire antenna system complex and expensive.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for synchronously calibrating multiple transmit and receive channels of an active antenna, which can realize synchronous calibration of each transceiver channel without additional hardware modules added to the active antenna system, which can be effective. Reduce the cost, size and power consumption of active antenna systems.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for synchronously calibrating multiple antennas of an active antenna, the apparatus comprising: a digital processing module in an active antenna, a transceiving radio frequency module, and an external calibration device;
  • the calibration device comprises a calibration tool and a signal generator for connecting to the transceiver RF module, and is built into a calibration environment of each transmitting/receiving channel; wherein the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool are before calibration of each transceiver channel Has been determined;
  • the digital processing module is configured to collect and store offline amplitude and phase information of each transmitting/receiving channel when the offline transmitting/receiving channel is calibrated; according to the amplitude, phase difference of the calibration tooling, and the offline amplitude of each stored transmitting/receiving channel And phase information for amplitude and phase compensation of each transmitting/receiving channel, and equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification for each of the transmitting/receiving channels after amplitude and phase compensation, and performing transmission/reception beamforming when the verification is qualified;
  • the transceiving radio frequency module is used for calibration signal transmission channel between the digital processing module and the calibration tool when the offline transmitting/receiving channel is calibrated; and is connected to the calibration device to be built into a calibration environment of each transmitting/receiving channel.
  • the calibration tool is: 1 splitter of N, or switchset of N1.
  • the digital processing module is further used for recalibrating each transmitting/receiving channel when the equal-amplitude, iso-phase verification fails.
  • the invention also provides a method for synchronous calibration of multiple antennas of an active antenna, the method package Includes:
  • the calibration device Before calibrating each transceiver channel, test the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool, and establish a calibration environment corresponding to each transmitting/receiving channel between the transceiver RF module and the calibration device; wherein the calibration device includes: calibration tool and signal generator ;
  • the digital processing module collects and stores the offline amplitude and phase information of each transmit/receive channel; according to the amplitude, phase difference of the calibration tool and the offline amplitude and phase information of each stored transmit/receive channel
  • the transmitting/receiving channel performs amplitude and phase compensation; for amplitude and phase compensation of each transmitting/receiving channel, equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification is performed, and if the verification is successful, transmitting/receiving beamforming is performed.
  • the calibration tool is: 1 splitter of N, or switchset of N1.
  • the calibration tool is a switch array, and when the calibration channels are calibrated, the calibration environment is set up, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each channel are collected and stored, specifically:
  • the ANTN is connected, and the PortN+1 port is connected to the PRX CAL port of the feedback channel of the transceiver RF module;
  • the PortN+1 ports of the calibration tool are respectively connected to the Portl ⁇ PortN ports, and when the amplitude and phase information of each channel are collected, the TSG in the DPU in the digital processing module transmits a calibration signal, by the number.
  • the processing module After processing by the processing module, each of the transmitting channels, the power amplifier and the duplexer in the DAC and the transmitting and receiving RF module are transmitted to the feedback channel through the calibration tool, and the amplitude and phase information of the first to N transmitting channels are collected through the feedback channel, and Stored in the TX RAM module in the DPU within the digital processing module.
  • the calibration tool is a power splitter, and when the calibration channels are calibrated, the calibration environment is set up, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each channel are collected and stored, specifically:
  • the Portl ⁇ PortN port of the calibration tool is connected to the output port ANT1 ⁇ ANTN of the transceiver RF module, and the PortN+1 port is connected to the PRX CAL port of the feedback channel of the transceiver RF module;
  • the TSG in the DPU transmits a calibration signal, which is processed by the digital processing module, and is transmitted to the feedback channel through the calibrating tool through the DAC and the transmitting channel, the power amplifier and the duplexer in the transmitting and receiving RF module, and the transmitting channels are collected through the feedback channel.
  • the calibration tool is a power splitter, and when calibration is performed on each receiving channel, the calibration environment is set up, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each channel are collected and stored, specifically:
  • the Portl ⁇ PortN ports of the calibration tool are respectively connected to the output ports ANT1 ⁇ ANTN of the transceiver RF module.
  • the PortN+1 port of the calibration tool is connected to the signal generator, and the signal generator generates a calibration signal, which is sent to each channel through the calibration tooling.
  • the channel, the calibration signal is received by the duplexer in the transceiver RF module, the low noise amplifier LNA and the receiving channel, and the analog-to-digital converter ADC in the digital processing module, and the RX RAM module in the digital processing module DPU collects and stores The amplitude and phase information of each channel.
  • the calibration tool is a switch array, and when the calibration channels are calibrated, the calibration environment is set up, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each channel are collected and stored, specifically:
  • the Portl ⁇ PortN port of the calibration tool is connected with the output port ANT1-ANTN of the transceiver RF module, and the PortN+1 port is connected to the signal generator;
  • the PortN+1 ports of the calibration tool are respectively connected to the Portl ⁇ PortN ports, and when the amplitude and phase information of each receiving channel are collected, the DPUs in the digital processing module send a trigger TRIG signal to the signal generator. And recording the effective moment of the TRIG signal, the signal generator generates a calibration signal after receiving the TRIG signal, and the calibration signal is input to the first to N receiving channels through the calibration tool, through the duplexer, the LNA and the receiving channel in the transceiver RF module. And the ADC in the digital processing module, the RX RAM module in the digital processing module collects and stores the amplitude and phase information of the first to N receiving channels.
  • the method further includes:
  • the digital processing module fails the equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification of each transmit/receive channel, it is heavy Newly calibrate each transmit/receive channel.
  • the calibration signal is a tone signal or a band-limited signal.
  • the device and method for synchronously calibrating multiple antennas of an active antenna provided by the invention, testing the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool, setting up a calibration environment corresponding to each transmitting/receiving channel between the transceiver RF module and the calibration device; collecting and storing the digital processing module Off-line amplitude and phase information of each transmitting/receiving channel; amplitude and phase compensation for each transmitting/receiving channel according to the amplitude, phase difference of the calibration tooling and the offline amplitude and phase information of each stored transmitting/receiving channel;
  • the compensated transmit/receive channels are subjected to equal-amplitude, equal-phase verification, and if the verification is successful, transmit/receive beamforming is performed.
  • the offline calibration method of the invention makes the active antenna system unnecessary to add a hardware calibration module, thereby effectively reducing the production cost, volume and power consumption of the active antenna system, thereby improving the active antenna system. Work efficiency.
  • the implementation of the calibration tool of the present invention can be implemented by using an existing 1 minute N Wilkinson type or other type of power splitter, or an N-select 1 switch array, without cumbersome structural design. , the implementation method is simple. DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of an active antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an offline calibration apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of an environment for offline calibration of a transmitting channel of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for implementing a synchronous calibration method for an active antenna multiple transmit channel according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of an environment for offline calibration of a receive channel according to the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an active antenna multiple receive channel according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of another embodiment of the environment for the offline calibration of the receiving channel of the present invention.
  • the invention adopts a calibration tool offline calibration method, that is, before the active antenna works normally Now the acquisition, storage, calibration and compensation of the amplitude and phase information of each transceiver channel are combined with the amplitude and phase characteristics of the antenna feeder network and the antenna array to obtain the required amplitude and phase correction factors, thus realizing beamforming of the transceiver channel.
  • the basic idea of the present invention is: before calibrating each transceiver channel, testing the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool, and setting up a calibration environment corresponding to each transmitting/receiving channel between the transceiver RF module and the calibration device; wherein the calibration device includes: Calibrating tooling and signal generators;
  • the digital processing module collects and stores the offline amplitude and phase information of each transmit/receive channel; according to the amplitude, phase difference of the calibration tool and the offline amplitude and phase information of each stored transmit/receive channel, Each transmitting/receiving channel performs amplitude and phase compensation. For each amplitude/phase-compensated transmit/receive channel, equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification is performed. If the verification is successful, transmit/receive beamforming is performed.
  • the device for synchronously calibrating multiple transmit and receive channels of an active antenna comprises: a digital processing module in an active antenna, a transceiving radio frequency module, and an external calibration device;
  • the calibration device comprises a calibration tool and a signal generator for connecting to the transceiver RF module, and is built into a calibration environment of each transmitting/receiving channel; wherein the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool are before calibration of each transceiver channel Has been determined;
  • the digital processing module is configured to collect and store offline amplitude and phase information of each transmitting/receiving channel; and according to the amplitude, phase difference of the calibration tool, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each stored transmitting/receiving channel, each transmitting/receiving The channel performs amplitude and phase compensation, and performs equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification on each of the transmitting/receiving channels after amplitude and phase compensation, and performs transmission/reception beamforming when the verification is qualified;
  • the transceiving radio frequency module is used for calibration signal transmission channel between the digital processing module and the calibration tool when the offline transmitting/receiving channel is calibrated; and is connected to the calibration device to be built into a calibration environment of each transmitting/receiving channel.
  • the digital processing module is further configured to recalibrate each of the transmit/receive channels when the equal-amplitude, equal-phase verification fails.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an active antenna according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method includes: an antenna array sub-array 14, an antenna feeder network 13, a transceiving radio frequency module 12, and a digital processing module 11; wherein the antenna array sub-array 14 and The structure and function of the antenna feeder network 13 are the same as those of the prior art, and are briefly described below:
  • the antenna array array 14 is composed of an antenna array, and is used for converting electromagnetic wave signals and radio frequency signals, and completes external radiation of the transmitted signals and front end reception of the received signals;
  • the antenna feeder network 13 is configured to connect each transceiver channel with a plurality of antenna elements, and provide partial amplitude and phase weighting for each antenna array. Specifically: each transceiver channel of the transceiver RF module 12 corresponds to K (K). > 1) Antenna arrays, when K>l, the antenna feeder network 13 provides a partial fixed amplitude and phase weight for each antenna element.
  • the antenna feeder network 13 can be implemented by a Wilkinson type or other type of power splitter, which can be physically implemented as a module or integrated with an antenna array, an antenna network and an antenna array. In the structure and process, the fixed amplitude and phase force requirements of each channel are met.
  • transceiver RF module 12 The functions of the transceiver RF module 12 and the digital processing module 11 are different from the prior art, wherein
  • the transceiver RF module 12 is composed of a multi-channel transmission channel, a multi-channel reception channel, and a feedback channel.
  • the transmission channel up-converts the intermediate frequency signal provided by the digital processing module 11 to the radio frequency signal, and amplifies the power amplifier (PA).
  • PA power amplifier
  • the receiving channel receives the radio frequency small signal received by the antenna feeder network 13 from the antenna array sub-array 14, is amplified by a low noise amplifier (LNA), and is converted into an intermediate frequency signal by down-conversion.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • the one feedback channel has two functions: 1. As a digital predistortion (DPD) feedback pass Channel, through the switch controller, select each transmit channel coupler, couple the relevant signals from the multi-channel PA output, and provide the DDAC pre-distortion processing to the digital processing module to optimize the adjacent channel leakage suppression ratio of the transmit link; As a calibration channel, the amplitude and phase calibration of each channel are transmitted and received. Corresponding to the function, a new PRX CAL port is added to the module, as shown in Figure 1. In addition to the second function of the feedback channel described above, other functions of the transceiving radio frequency module 12 are the same as in the prior art.
  • DPD digital predistortion
  • the digital processing module 11 is configured to perform digital processing on an analog-to-digital analog analog signal obtained by down-conversion to an IQ digital received signal when uplinking, and a signal string transmitted to a baseband resource pool (BBU) when downlinking Converted to an IQ digital transmit signal, after digital-to-analog conversion, provided to the transceiver RF module 12;
  • BBU baseband resource pool
  • the digital processing module 11 is further configured to collect and store the amplitude and phase values of each transmitting and receiving channel when the offline transmitting/receiving channel is calibrated, and combine the amplitude and phase characteristics of the antenna feeder network and the antenna element. And the calibration of the tooling, the phase difference to obtain the correction factor of the corresponding transmitting and receiving channels, and jointly realize the beamforming of the transmitting and receiving channels, specifically:
  • the test signal source (TSG) inside the digital processing unit (DPU) in the digital processing module sends a calibration signal, and the calibration signal may be a single tone signal, a band limited signal, etc., and the calibration signal is sent.
  • the clock unit (CLK) synchronous output is sent to each DAC to ensure the phase of the working clock of each DAC;
  • each analog-to-digital converter (ADC) The output digital signal is sent to the DPU for processing, and the CLK synchronous output is sent to each ADC to ensure the phase of the working clock of each ADC.
  • the existing transmit up-conversion module, the receive down-conversion module and the feedback down-conversion module in the active antenna each need a local oscillator signal.
  • all the transmit up-conversion modules and the feedback down-conversion uses the frequency synthesizer to output signal power points to achieve a common local oscillator.
  • all receiving down-conversion modules also use the frequency synthesizer output signal to achieve a common local oscillator.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an offline calibration apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, including a calibrator Mounting and signal generator; the calibration tool can be implemented with a 1 minute N Wilkinson type or other type of power splitter, or an N-select 1 switch array, or a circuit or device with similar functions. Implementation is easier for a person skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein. When the calibration tool is implemented with a switch array, a switch control circuit needs to be added to the calibration tool.
  • the cable Cable1 ⁇ CableN is a high-precision RF cable, which ensures the amplitude and phase of each cable as much as possible.
  • the amplitude and phase error of each cable it is necessary to consider the amplitude and phase error of each cable. That is, the width and phase difference of the calibration tooling.
  • the signal generator is not used when the transmitting channel is offlinely calibrated, and is used to generate a calibration signal when the receiving channel is offlinely calibrated, and the calibration signal may be a single tone signal, a band limited signal, etc., and is distributed to each channel through the calibration tooling power.
  • the environment structure of the emission channel offline calibration of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3. It should be noted that the output ports ANT1 ⁇ ANTN of the RF module are connected to the Portl ⁇ PortN ports of the calibration tool.
  • the amplitude and phase characteristics of the antenna feeder network and the antenna array are guaranteed by design and process requirements. For the prior art, this part of the amplitude and phase characteristics will be combined with offline calibration to complete the transmission channel synchronization and beamforming.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for implementing a synchronous calibration method for an active antenna multiple transmit channel according to the present invention. The implementation steps of the process are as follows:
  • Step 401 Before performing calibration on each transceiver channel, test the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool; specifically: Before performing calibration on each transceiver channel, test the calibration tool Portl ⁇ PortN port to PortN+1 by using a vector network analyzer or other instruments. The amplitude and phase difference of the port, as Calibrate the environmental error of the tooling for later compensation.
  • the results of the test can be stored in an external computer for later use.
  • Step 402 Set up a calibration environment for each transmitting channel, and collect and store offline amplitude and phase information of each transmitting channel;
  • the audio signal and the band-limited signal are processed by the digital processing module, and transmitted through the DAC and the transmitting channel TX PROCESS, PA and duplexer in the RF module to the feedback channel through the calibration tool, and the first channel is collected through the feedback channel.
  • the amplitude and phase information of the channel transmission channel is stored in the TX RAM module in the digital processing module DPU. After that, the second transmission channel is selected, and the port 2 port of the calibration tool is connected to the PortN+1 port by switching the switch array inside the calibration tool, and the above operation is repeated until all the transmissions are stored in the transmission (TX) random access memory (RAM).
  • TX transmission
  • RAM transmission random access memory
  • the calibration tool is a power splitter, it is also necessary to connect the Portl ⁇ PortN ports of the calibration tool to the output ports ANT1 ⁇ ANTN of the transceiver RF module, and the PortN+1 port is connected to the PRX CAL port of the feedback channel of the transceiver RF module. .
  • the calibration tool When performing off-line and phase information acquisition on different transmission channels, it is not necessary to control the calibration tool, that is, it is not necessary to perform a switching operation similar to that of the switch array.
  • the TSG in the DPU transmits a calibration signal, which is processed by the digital processing module, and is transmitted to the feedback channel through the calibration tool through the DAC and the transmission channels, power amplifiers and duplexers in the RF module, and the transmission channels are collected through the feedback channel.
  • the amplitude and phase information is stored in the TX RAM module in the digital processing module DPU.
  • Step 403 According to the amplitude of the calibration tool, the phase difference, and the offline width of each stored transmission channel, The phase information compensates for the amplitude and phase of each transmitting channel;
  • the digital processing module first obtains the amplitude and phase difference between the transmission channels according to the amplitude and phase information of each transmission channel stored in the TX RAM module, for example: using the amplitude and phase values of the first transmission channel as reference values. Calculate the difference between the amplitude and phase of the other channel's transmit channel and the way's transmit channel. Then, the digital processing module combines the amplitude and phase difference between the respective transmitting channels and the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool obtained in step 401 to perform amplitude and phase compensation on each of the transmitting channels, so that each transmitting channel has an amplitude and an equal phase.
  • Step 404 Perform equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification on each of the amplitude-compensated transmission channels. If the verification is successful, perform step 405; otherwise, return to step 402 to perform re-calibration;
  • the TX RAM records the amplitude and phase characteristics of each transmission channel again on the basis of step 403, and the digital processing module calculates the maximum and minimum amplitude difference ⁇ 1 between each transmission channel, and the maximum and minimum phase difference ⁇ .
  • ⁇ 1 that is, the amplitude difference ⁇ A1 between the two transmission channels that calculate the maximum and minimum amplitude values, and the phase difference ⁇ ⁇ 1 between the two transmission channels with the largest and smallest phase values. If ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , it means that the verification is passed, the calibration is completed, and vice versa.
  • the A At, ⁇ ⁇ are the existing set target values of the emission calibration error; since the calibration environment is slightly different each time, the calibration results are slightly different, but the difference is not too large, if two or three times The calibration results are unqualified, indicating that the corresponding active antenna is not available.
  • Step 405 transmit beamforming
  • the digital processing module performs further amplitude and phase compensation on the basis of the result obtained in step 403, and obtains the required amplitude and phase correction factors. Together, transmit beamforming is achieved. This step is prior art and will not be reviewed.
  • the following describes the synchronous calibration method of the receiving channel by using the calibration tool as two different implementations of the power splitter and the switch array.
  • the calibration tool is a power splitter
  • the environment construction structure of the receiving channel offline calibration of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 5, and the output ports ANT1 ⁇ ANTN of the transceiver RF module are connected to the calibration tool Port1 ⁇ PortN port respectively, and the calibration is performed.
  • the tool's PortN+1 port is connected to the signal generator.
  • the amplitude and phase characteristics of the antenna feeder network and the antenna array are guaranteed by design and process requirements. For the prior art, this part of the amplitude and phase characteristics will be combined with off-line calibration to complete the receive channel synchronization and beamforming.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process for implementing a synchronous calibration method for an active antenna multiple receiving channel according to the present invention. The implementation steps of the process are as follows:
  • Step 601 testing the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tooling
  • Step 602 Set up a calibration environment of each receiving channel, and collect and store offline amplitude and phase information of each receiving channel;
  • the calibration environment is set up according to Figure 5, and the calibration signal is generated by the signal generator.
  • the calibration signal can be a single tone signal, a band-limited signal, etc., and is distributed to each receiving channel via the calibration tooling power.
  • Each receiving of the calibration signal is collected and stored by the RX RAM module in the digital processing module DPU via a duplexer in the transceiver RF module, a low noise amplifier (LNA) and a receiving channel RX PROCESS, and an ADC in the digital processing module.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • RX PROCESS receiving channel RX PROCESS
  • Step 603 Perform amplitude and phase compensation on each receiving channel according to the amplitude of the calibration tool, the phase difference, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each received channel;
  • the digital processing module first obtains the amplitude and phase difference between the receiving channels according to the amplitude and phase information of each receiving channel stored in the RX RAM module, for example: using the amplitude and phase values of the first receiving channel as reference values. Calculate the difference between the amplitude and phase of the other channel receiving channel and the channel receiving channel. After that, the digital processing module combines the amplitude, phase difference and steps between the receiving channels.
  • the amplitude and phase difference of the calibration tool obtained in 601 are amplitude and phase compensated for each receiving channel, so that each receiving channel has the same amplitude and equal phase.
  • Step 604 Perform equal-amplitude and equal-phase verification on each of the amplitude and phase-compensated receiving channels. If the verification is successful, go to step 605; otherwise, return to step 602 to perform re-calibration;
  • the RX RAM records the amplitude and phase characteristics of each receiving channel again, and the digital processing module calculates the maximum and minimum amplitude difference ⁇ 2 between the receiving channels, and the maximum and minimum phase difference ⁇ 2, that is, the calculated amplitude value.
  • the AAr and ⁇ are the existing received calibration error target values.
  • Step 605 Receive beamforming
  • the digital processing module performs further amplitude and phase compensation on the basis of the result obtained in step 603 to obtain a desired amplitude and phase correction factor.
  • the amplitude and the equal phase of each receiving channel are combined to achieve receive beamforming. This step is prior art and will not be described in detail.
  • the environment construction structure of the receiving channel offline calibration is shown in FIG. 7, and the difference from FIG. 5 is that the digital processing module and the signal generator have a connection relationship, and the digital processing module is used for signal generation.
  • the transmitter sends a trigger (TRIG) signal.
  • TAG trigger
  • the implementation process of the synchronous calibration method for the active antenna multiple receiving channels of the present invention is the same as the process shown in FIG. 6 , except that the specific implementation method corresponding to the process 602 is different, then, corresponding to FIG. 7
  • the environment is constructed with a structure diagram, and the offline amplitude and phase information of each receiving channel are collected and stored, specifically:
  • the Portl ⁇ PortN ports of the calibration tool are respectively connected to the output ports ANT1-ANTN of the transceiver RF module, and the PortN+1 port is connected to the signal generator. Select the first receiving channel, By controlling the switch array inside the calibration tool, the Portl port of the calibration tool is connected to the PortN+1 port, the DPU in the digital processing module sends a TRIG signal to the signal generator, and records the effective time of the TRIG signal, and the signal generator receives the TRIG.
  • a calibration signal is generated, which may be a single tone signal, a band limited signal, etc.
  • the calibration signal is input to the first receiving channel via the calibration tool, via the duplexer in the transceiver RF module, the LNA and the receiving channel RX PROCESS,
  • the ADC in the digital processing module the RX RAM module in the digital processing module collects and stores the amplitude and phase information of the first receiving channel.
  • the switch array inside the calibration tool the Port2 port of the calibration tool is connected to the PortN+1 port, and the amplitude and phase information of the second receiving channel are collected and stored in the above manner until the width of all the receiving channels, The phase information is collected and stored.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法，包括：测试校准工装的幅、相差，搭建收发射频模块与校准装置间的对应各发射/接收通道的校准环境；数字处理模块采集并存储各发射/接收通道的离线幅、相信息；依据校准工装的幅、相差和已存储的各发射/接收通道的离线幅、相信息，对各发射/接收通道进行幅、相补偿；对幅、相补偿后的各发射/接收通道进行等幅、等相验证，如果验证合格，则进行发射/接收波束成形。本发明还同时公开了一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置，运用该方法和装置可在有源天线系统没有额外添加硬件模块的情况下实现各收发通道的同步校准，有效降低了有源天线系统的成本、体积和功耗。

Description

一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及移动通信领域， 尤其涉及一种有源天线多收发通道同步校 准的装置和方法。 背景技术
现有移动通信系统中， 各小区通常利用安装在塔顶的天线来发射和接 收信号， 并利用射频拉远单元（RRU )通过馈线的方式提供给天线大功率 发射信号， 并利用馈线将天线接收到的信号传送到 RRU做进一步处理。 基 于这一架构的波束成形在天线内完成， 所述天线通常为无源天线， 波束成 形所需的幅度、 相位差通常由内部的天馈网络和移相网络来完成。 值得一 提的是， 该移相网络采用电机驱动的机械结构来实现， 结构相对复杂， 且 在天线阵子相位调节过程中， 可靠性不高。
随着有源天线被引入到移动通信系统的应用中， 波束成形技术转为在 数字处理单元中实现。 在波束成形之前， 需要对每个接收和发射通道做幅 度、 相位校准， 使得多路收发通道之间可以实现同步。
目前已有的有源天线校准方法通常在天线系统中附加收发校准模块来 实现， 例如： 专利号为 CN 101651480A, 发明名称为 "有源天线、 基站、 刷新幅度和相位的方法及信号处理方法" 的专利， 它在天线系统中增加了 专门的收发校准通道和耦合器来完成收发通道的校准， 使得整个天线系统 的结构复杂， 且价格昂贵。
当然， 现有技术中还有其它校准方法， 如： 专利号为 CN 101916919A, 发明名称为 "一种校准有源天线的方法和有源天线" 的专利， 其接收器通 过天线接收的、 在接收器频带上的外部噪音来校准接收通道， 所述方法虽 然省去了专门的校准装置， 但是校准可行性难度较大， 不利于批量生产； 另外， 所述校准方法中的发射器校准增加了专门的反射点装置， 也增加了 成本。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种有源天线多收发通道同步 校准的装置和方法， 可在有源天线系统没有额外添加硬件模块的情况下实 现各收发通道的同步校准， 可有效降低有源天线系统的成本、 体积和功耗。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供了一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置， 该装置包括： 有源天线中的数字处理模块、 收发射频模块和外部校准装置； 其中，
所述校准装置包括校准工装和信号发生器， 用于与收发射频模块相连， 被搭建成各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 其中， 所述校准工装的幅、 相差在 对各收发通道进行校准前已被测定；
所述数字处理模块， 用于离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 采集并存储各发 射 /接收通道的离线幅、 相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发 射 /接收通道的离线幅、相信息对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、相补偿，并对幅、 相补偿后的各发射 /接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 确定验证合格时， 进行 发射 /接收波束成形；
所述收发射频模块， 用于离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块与 校准工装间的校准信号传输通道； 与校准装置相连， 被搭建成各发射 /接收 通道的校准环境。
其中， 所述校准工装为： 1分为 N的功分器、 或 N选 1的开关阵列。 其中， 所述数字处理模块， 进一步用于等幅、 等相验证不合格时， 重 新对各发射 /接收通道进行校准。
本发明还提供了一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 该方法包 括：
对各收发通道进行校准前， 测试校准工装的幅、 相差， 搭建收发射频 模块与校准装置间的、 对应各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 其中， 所述校准 装置包括： 校准工装和信号发生器；
离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块采集并存储各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、 相补偿； 对幅、 相补偿后的 各发射 /接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 如果验证合格， 则进行发射 /接收波 束成形。
其中， 所述校准工装为： 1分为 N的功分器、 或 N选 1的开关阵列。 其中， 所述校准工装为开关阵列， 且对各发射通道进行校准时， 所述 搭建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 具体为：
同时将校准工装的 Portl~PortN端口与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1~
ANTN对应相连， PortN+1端口与收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端 口相连；
通过切换开关阵列， 使得校准工装的 PortN+1 端口先后分别与 Portl~PortN端口相连， 采集各路发射通道的幅、 相信息时， 数字处理模块 内的 DPU中的 TSG均发射校准信号， 由数字处理模块处理后， 经 DAC以 及收发射频模块中的各路发射通道、 功放和双工器， 通过校准工装传送给 反馈通道， 经反馈通道采集第一至 N路发射通道的幅、 相信息， 并存储在 数字处理模块内的 DPU中的 TX RAM模块中。
其中， 所述校准工装为功分器， 且对各发射通道进行校准时， 所述搭 建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 具体为：
校准工装的 Portl~PortN端口与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1~ANTN 对应相连， PortN+1端口与收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端口相连； DPU中的 TSG发射校准信号， 由数字处理模块处理后， 经 DAC以及 收发射频模块中的各路发射通道、 功放和双工器， 通过校准工装传送给反 馈通道， 经反馈通道采集各路发射通道的幅、 相信息， 并存储在数字处理 模块内的 DPU中的 TX RAM模块中。
其中， 所述校准工装为功分器， 且对各接收通道进行校准时， 所述搭 建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 具体为：
校准工装 Portl~PortN 端口分别与收发射频模块的各输出 口 ANT1~ANTN相连， 校准工装的 PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连， 信号发 生器产生校准信号， 经由校准工装功分送给各路接收通道， 校准信号的各 路接收经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 低噪放 LNA和接收通道， 以及数字 处理模块中的模数转换器 ADC, 数字处理模块 DPU中的 RX RAM模块采 集并存储各路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息。
其中， 所述校准工装为开关阵列， 且对各接收通道进行校准时， 所述 搭建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 具体为：
同时将校准工装的 Portl~PortN 端口与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1-ANTN相连， PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连；
通过切换开关阵列， 使得校准工装的 PortN+1 端口先后分别与 Portl~PortN端口相连， 采集各路接收通道的幅、 相信息时， 数字处理模块 中的 DPU均向信号发生器发送触发 TRIG信号， 并记录 TRIG信号有效时 刻，信号发生器收到 TRIG信号后产生校准信号，校准信号经由校准工装先 后输入到第一至 N路接收通道， 经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 LNA和接 收通道， 以及数字处理模块中的 ADC, 数字处理模块中的 RX RAM模块采 集并存储第一至 N路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息。
进一步地， 该方法还包括：
如果数字处理模块对各发射 /接收通道的等幅、 等相验证不合格， 则重 新对各发射 /接收通道进行校准。
其中， 所述校准信号为单音信号、 或带限信号。
本发明提供的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置和方法， 测试校准 工装的幅、 相差， 搭建收发射频模块与校准装置间的对应各发射 /接收通道 的校准环境； 数字处理模块采集并存储各发射 /接收通道的离线幅、相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射 /接收通道的离线幅、 相信息对 各发射 /接收通道进行幅、 相补偿； 对幅、 相补偿后的各发射 /接收通道进行 等幅、 等相验证， 如果验证合格， 则进行发射 /接收波束成形。 与现有技术 相比， 本发明的离线校准方法使得有源天线系统不需额外添加硬件校准模 块， 因此有效降低了有源天线系统的生产成本、 体积和功耗， 进而提高了 有源天线系统的工作效率。
此外， 本发明校准工装的实现可采用现有的 1 分 N 的威尔金森型 ( Wilkinson )或其它类型的功分器实现， 也可采用 N选 1开关阵列实现， 不需进行繁瑣的结构设计， 实现方法简单。 附图说明
图 1为本发明有源天线的内部结构示意图；
图 2为本发明离线校准装置的结构示意图；
图 3为本发明发射通道离线校准的环境搭建结构图；
图 4为本发明有源天线多发射通道的同步校准方法实现流程示意图； 图 5为本发明接收通道离线校准的环境搭建一实施例的结构图； 图 6为本发明有源天线多接收通道的同步校准方法实现流程示意图； 图 7为本发明接收通道离线校准的环境搭建另一实施例的结构图。 具体实施方式
本发明采用校准工装离线校准的方法， 即在有源天线正常工作之前实 现各收发通道幅度和相位信息的采集、 存储、 校准和补偿， 之后结合天馈 网络和天线阵子的幅、 相特性， 得到所需的幅、 相校正因子， 从而实现收 发通道的波束成形。
本发明的基本思想是： 对各收发通道进行校准前， 测试校准工装的幅、 相差，搭建收发射频模块与校准装置间的对应各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 其中， 所述校准装置包括： 校准工装和信号发生器；
离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块采集并存储各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息， 对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、 相补偿； 对幅、 相补偿后 的各发射 /接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 如果验证合格， 则进行发射 /接收 波束成形。
进一步地， 如果验证不合格， 则重新对各发射 /接收通道进行校准。 下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置， 包括： 有源天线中的数 字处理模块、 收发射频模块和外部校准装置； 其中，
所述校准装置包括校准工装和信号发生器， 用于与收发射频模块相连， 被搭建成各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 其中， 所述校准工装的幅、 相差在 对各收发通道进行校准前已被测定；
所述数字处理模块， 用于采集并存储各发射 /接收通道的离线幅、 相信 息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射 /接收通道的离线幅、 相信 息对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、 相补偿， 并对幅、 相补偿后的各发射 /接收通 道进行等幅、 等相验证， 确定验证合格时， 进行发射 /接收波束成形；
所述收发射频模块， 用于离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块与 校准工装间的校准信号传输通道； 与校准装置相连， 被搭建成各发射 /接收 通道的校准环境。 所述数字处理模块， 进一步用于等幅、 等相验证不合格时， 重新对各 发射 /接收通道进行校准。
图 1为本发明有源天线的内部结构示意图， 如图 1所示， 包括： 天线 阵子阵列 14、 天馈网络 13、 收发射频模块 12和数字处理模块 11; 其中， 所述天线阵子阵列 14和天馈网络 13的结构及功能与现有技术相同， 下面 对其进行简单描述：
所述天线阵子阵列 14, 天线阵子组成， 用于电磁波信号和射频信号的 转换 , 完成发射信号的对外辐射和接收信号的前端接收；
所述天馈网络 13, 用于每路收发通道与多个天线阵子的连接， 并给每 个天线阵子提供部分幅度、 相位加权， 具体的： 收发射频模块 12的每个收 发通道对应 K ( K > 1 )个天线阵子， 当 K〉l时， 天馈网络 13给每个天线 阵子提供部分固定的幅度、 相位加权。
天馈网络 13可以采用威尔金森型（Wilkinson )或其它类型的功分器来 实现， 其在物理实现上可以单独成模块， 也可以同天线阵子阵列集成在一 起， 天馈网络和天线阵子阵列在结构和工艺上满足各通道固定的幅度、 相 位力口权要求。
所述收发射频模块 12和数字处理模块 11的功能与现有技术有所不同， 其中，
所述收发射频模块 12, 由多路发射通道、 多路接收通道和一路反馈通 道组成； 其中， 所述发射通道将数字处理模块 11提供的中频信号上变频到 射频信号， 通过功放（PA )放大， 提供给天馈网络 13和天线阵子阵列 14; 所述接收通道接收天馈网络 13从天线阵子阵列 14接收到的射频小信号， 通过低噪放 ( LNA )放大， 经过下变频转化为中频信号提供给数字处理模 块 11;
所述一路反馈通道具备两个功能： 1、 作为数字预失真（DPD )反馈通 道， 通过开关控制器， 选择各发射通道耦合器， 从多路发射 PA输出端耦合 相关信号， 提供给数字处理模块做 DPD预失真处理， 以优化发射链路的邻 道泄露抑制比； 2. 作为校准通道， 实现发射、 接收各通道的幅度、 相位校 准， 对应该功能， 模块中新增加了 PRX CAL端口， 如图 1所示。 除了上述 反馈通道的第二个功能外，收发射频模块 12的其它功能均与现有技术相同。
所述数字处理模块 11 , 用于上行时，对下变频得到的 IQ模拟接收信号 模数转换为 IQ数字接收信号进行数字处理； 下行时，对基带资源池（BBU ) 传送过来的信号串 /并转换为 IQ数字发射信号， 经数模转换后，提供给收发 射频模块 12;
本发明中， 数字处理模块 11 , 还用于在离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 用 于采集并存储各发射、 接收通道的幅度、 相位值， 结合天馈网络和天线阵 子的幅、 相特性， 以及校准工装的幅、 相差得到对应发射、 接收通道的校 正因子， 共同实现收发通道的波束成形， 具体的：
在进行发射通道离线校准时， 数字处理模块中的数字处理单元（DPU ) 内部的测试信号源 （TSG )发送校准信号， 所述校准信号可以是单音信号、 带限信号等， 该校准信号发给各路数模转换器（ DAC ), 时钟单元（CLK ) 同步输出送给各路 DAC, 保证各路 DAC的工作时钟等相位； 在进行接收 通道离线校准时， 各路模数转换器（ADC )输出数字信号送给 DPU处理， CLK同步输出送给各路 ADC , 保证各路 ADC的工作时钟等相位。
有源天线内部已有的发射上变频模块、 接收下变频模块和反馈下变频 模块各自需要本振信号， 为了消除本振信号对收发同步带来的影响， 所有 的发射上变频模块和反馈下变频模块采用频率综合器输出信号功分的方式 来实现共本振。 同理， 所有的接收下变频模块也采用频率综合器输出信号 功分的方式实现共本振。
图 2为本发明离线校准装置的结构示意图， 如图 2所示， 包括校准工 装和信号发生器； 所述校准工装可以用 1分 N的威尔金森型 （Wilkinson ) 或其它类型的功分器实现， 也可以采用 N选 1开关阵列实现， 或者采用类 似功能的电路或装置实现， 对于本领域技术人员来说较容易实现， 此处不 再详述。 当校准工装采用开关阵列实现时， 需要在校准工装上增加开关控 制电路。
其中， 所示线缆 Cablel~CableN选用高精度的射频线缆， 尽可能保证 每条线缆等幅度、 等相位， 当然， 实际实施离线校准时， 还是需要考虑每 条线缆的幅、 相误差的， 也就是校准工装的幅、 相差。
所述信号发生器在发射通道离线校准时不使用 , 在接收通道离线校准 时， 用于产生校准信号， 该校准信号可以是单音信号、 带限信号等， 经由 校准工装功分送给各路接收通道； 或者， 收到数字处理模块中的 DPU所发 的触发（TRIG )信号后产生校准信号， 该校准信号经由校准工装输入到各 妻收通道。
下面分别对本发明有源天线发射通道和接收通道的同步校准方法进行 评细描述。
本发明发射通道离线校准的环境搭建结构图如图 3 所示， 需要注意的 是， 同校准工装 Portl~PortN 端口相连的分别是收发射频模块的各输出口 ANT1~ANTN。天馈网络和天线阵子阵列的各路幅度、相位特性通过设计和 工艺要求来保证， 为已有技术， 这部分幅、 相特性将和离线校准一起共同 完成发射通道同步和波束成形。
图 4为本发明有源天线多发射通道的同步校准方法实现流程示意图， 该流程的实现步驟如下：
步驟 401 : 对各收发通道进行校准前， 测试校准工装的幅、 相差； 具体为： 对各收发通道进行校准前， 利用矢量网络分析仪或其它仪器 测试校准工装 Portl~PortN端口分别到 PortN+1端口的幅度、 相位差， 作为 校准工装的环境误差， 待后续补偿使用。 这里， 测试所得的结果可存储于 外部计算机中供后续使用。
步驟 402: 搭建各发射通道的校准环境， 采集并存储各发射通道的离线 幅、 相信息；
具体为： 按图 3搭建校准环境， 离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 如果校准 工装是开关阵列， 需将校准工装的 Portl~PortN端口同时与收发射频模块的 输出口 ANT1~ANTN相连， PortN+1 端口与收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端口相连。 选定第一路发射通道， 通过控制校准工装内部的开关 阵列， 使得校准工装的 Portl端口与 PortN+1端口相连通， 数字处理模块内 部的 DPU中的 TSG发射校准信号，该校准信号可以是单音信号、带限信号 等， 由数字处理模块处理后， 经 DAC以及收发射频模块中的发射通道 TX PROCESS, PA和双工器等器件， 通过校准工装传送给反馈通道， 经反馈通 道采集第一路发射通道的幅、相信息，并存储在数字处理模块 DPU中的 TX RAM模块中。 之后， 选定第二路发射通道， 通过切换校准工装内部的开关 阵列使得校准工装的 Port2端口与 PortN+1端口相连通， 重复以上操作， 直 到发射（TX )随机存储器（RAM )中存储所有发射通道的幅度、相位信息。
这里， 如果校准工装为功分器， 同样需要将校准工装的 Portl~PortN端 口同时分别与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1~ANTN相连， PortN+1端口与 收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端口相连。在对不同发射通道进行离 线幅、 相信息采集时， 不需控制校准工装， 即不需执行与开关阵列类似的 切换操作。 DPU中的 TSG发射校准信号， 由数字处理模块处理后， 经 DAC 以及收发射频模块中的各路发射通道、 功放和双工器， 通过校准工装传送 给反馈通道， 经反馈通道采集各路发射通道的幅、 相信息， 并存储在数字 处理模块 DPU中的 TX RAM模块中。
步驟 403: 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射通道的离线幅、 相信息对各发射通道进行幅、 相补偿；
具体为： 数字处理模块根据 TX RAM模块中存储的各发射通道的幅、 相信息， 首先得到各发射通道之间的幅、 相差， 例如： 以第一路发射通道 的幅度和相位值作为参考值， 计算其它路发射通道与该路发射通道幅度和 相位的差值。 之后， 数字处理模块结合各发射通道之间的幅、 相差和步驟 401中所得的校准工装的幅、 相差对各发射通道进行幅、 相补偿， 使得各发 射通道等幅度、 等相位。
步驟 404: 对幅、 相补偿后的各发射通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 如果验 证合格， 则执行步驟 405; 否则， 返回步驟 402, 进行重新校准；
具体为： 重复步驟 402, TX RAM在步驟 403的基础上再次记录各路发 射通道的幅、 相特性， 数字处理模块计算出各发射通道间的最大、 最小幅 度差 ΔΑ1 , 最大、 最小相位差 Δ Φ 1 , 也就是计算幅度值最大和最小的两路 发射通道间的幅度差值△ A1 , 相位值最大和最小的两路发射通道间的相位 差值 Δ Φ 1。 如果 ΔΑ1< Δ Αί, Δ Φ 1< Δ Φί, 则表明验证合格， 完成校准， 反之， 则重新校准。
其中， 所述 A At、 Δ Φί为现有已设定的发射校准误差目标值； 由于每 次的校准环境略有不同， 所以校准结果稍有不同， 但不会差别太大， 如果 两三次的校准结果均不合格， 表明相应的有源天线不可用。
步驟 405: 发射波束成形；
具体为： 结合各发射通道的天馈网络和天线阵子的固定幅、 相特性， 数字处理模块在步驟 403 所得结果的基础上作进一步的幅度、 相位补偿， 得到所需的幅、 相校正因子， 共同实现发射波束成形。 该步驟为已有技术， 不再评述。
下面分别以校准工装为功分器和开关阵列两种不同的实现方式对接收 通道的同步校准方法进行描述。 所述校准工装为功分器时， 本发明接收通道离线校准的环境搭建结构 图如图 5所示， 同校准工装 Portl~PortN端口相连的分别是收发射频模块的 各输出口 ANT1~ANTN, 校准工装的 PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连。 天 馈网络和天线阵子阵列的各路幅度、 相位特性通过设计和工艺要求来保证， 为已有技术， 这部分幅、 相特性将和离线校准一起共同完成接收通道同步 和波束成形。
图 6为本发明有源天线多接收通道的同步校准方法实现流程示意图， 该流程的实现步驟如下：
步驟 601 : 测试校准工装的幅、 相差；
具体为： 利用矢量网络分析仪或其它仪器测试校准工装 PortN+1 端口 分别到 Portl~PortN端口的幅度、 相位差， 作为校准工装的环境误差， 待后 续补偿使用。 这里， 测试所得的结果可存储于外部计算机中供后续使用。
步驟 602: 搭建各接收通道的校准环境， 采集并存储各接收通道的离线 幅、 相信息；
具体为： 按图 5搭建校准环境， 利用信号发生器产生校准信号， 该校 准信号可以是单音信号、 带限信号等， 经由校准工装功分送给各路接收通 道。 校准信号的每路接收经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 低噪放（LNA ) 和接收通道 RX PROCESS, 以及数字处理模块中的 ADC等器件，数字处理 模块 DPU中的 RX RAM模块采集并存储各路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息。
步驟 603: 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各接收通道的离线幅、 相信息对各接收通道进行幅、 相补偿；
具体为： 数字处理模块根据 RX RAM模块中存储的各接收通道的幅、 相信息， 首先得到各接收通道之间的幅、 相差， 例如： 以第一路接收通道 的幅度和相位值作为参考值， 计算其它路接收通道与该路接收通道幅度和 相位的差值。 之后， 数字处理模块结合各接收通道之间的幅、 相差和步驟 601中所得的校准工装的幅、 相差对各接收通道进行幅、 相补偿， 使得各接 收通道等幅度、 等相位。
步驟 604: 对幅、 相补偿后的各接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 如果验 证合格， 则执行步驟 605; 否则， 返回步驟 602, 进行重新校准；
具体为： 重复步驟 602, RX RAM再次记录各路接收通道的幅、 相特 性， 数字处理模块计算出各接收通道间的最大、 最小幅度差 ΔΑ2, 最大、 最小相位差 ΔΦ2, 也就是计算幅度值最大和最小的两路接收通道间的幅度 差值 Δ Α2, 相位值最大和最小的两路接收通道间的相位差值 ΔΦ2。 如果 ΔΑ2<ΔΑΓ, ΔΦ2<ΔΦΓ, 则表明验证合格， 完成校准， 开始执行步驟 605; 反之， 则重新校准。
其中， 所述 AAr、 ΔΦΓ为现有已设定的接收校准误差目标值。
步驟 605 : 接收波束成形；
具体为： 结合各接收通道的天馈网络和天线阵子的固定幅、 相特性， 数字处理模块在步驟 603 所得结果的基础上作进一步的幅度、 相位补偿， 得到所需的幅、 相校正因子， 使得各接收通道等幅度、 等相位， 共同实现 接收波束成形。 该步驟为已有技术， 不再详述。
当校准工装为开关阵列时， 本发明接收通道离线校准的环境搭建结构 图如图 7所示， 与图 5的区别为数字处理模块与信号发生器存在连接关系， 用于数字处理模块向信号发生器发送触发（TRIG )信号。 对应图 7所示的 校准环境， 本发明有源天线多接收通道的同步校准方法实现流程与图 6所 示流程相同， 只是流程 602对应的具体实现方法有所不同， 那么， 对应图 7 所示的环境搭建结构图， 所述采集并存储各接收通道的离线幅、 相信息， 具体为：
将校准工装的 Portl~PortN 端口同时分别与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1-ANTN相连， PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连。选定第一路接收通道， 通过控制校准工装内部的开关阵列， 使得校准工装的 Portl端口与 PortN+1 端口相连通， 数字处理模块中的 DPU向信号发生器发送 TRIG信号， 并记 录 TRIG信号有效时刻， 信号发生器收到 TRIG信号后产生校准信号， 该校 准信号可以是单音信号、 带限信号等， 校准信号经由校准工装输入到第一 路接收通道， 经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 LNA 和接收通道 RX PROCESS, 以及数字处理模块中的 ADC 等器件， 数字处理模块中的 RX RAM模块采集并存储第一路接收通道的幅度、相位信息。依据相同的方法， 通过切换校准工装内部的开关阵列使得校准工装的 Port2端口与 PortN+1端 口相连， 按上述方法采集并存储第二路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息， 直到 所有接收通道的幅、 相信息均采集并存储完毕。
以上所述， 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包 括： 有源天线中的数字处理模块、 收发射频模块和外部校准装置； 其中， 所述校准装置包括： 校准工装和信号发生器， 用于与收发射频模块相 连， 被搭建成各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 所述校准工装的幅、 相差在对 各收发通道进行校准前已被测定；
所述数字处理模块， 用于离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 采集并存储各发 射 /接收通道的离线幅、 相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发 射 /接收通道的离线幅、相信息对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、相补偿，并对幅、 相补偿后的各发射 /接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 确定验证合格时， 进行 发射 /接收波束成形；
所述收发射频模块， 用于离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块与 校准工装间的校准信号传输的通道； 与校准装置相连， 被搭建成各发射 /接 收通道的校准环境。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为： 1分为 N的功分器、 或 N选 1的开关阵列。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的装置， 其特征在于， 所述数字处理模块， 进一步用于等幅、 等相验证不合格时， 重新对各发射 /接收通道进行校准。
4、 一种有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包 括：
对各收发通道进行校准前， 测试校准工装的幅、 相差； 搭建收发射频 模块与校准装置间的、 对应各发射 /接收通道的校准环境； 其中， 所述校准 装置包括： 校准工装和信号发生器；
离线发射 /接收通道校准时， 数字处理模块采集并存储各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息； 依据校准工装的幅、 相差和已存储的各发射 /接收通道 的离线幅、 相信息， 对各发射 /接收通道进行幅、 相补偿； 对幅、 相补偿后 的各发射 /接收通道进行等幅、 等相验证， 如果验证合格， 则进行发射 /接收 波束成形。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为： 1分为 N的功分器、 或 N选 1的开关阵列。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为开关阵列， 且对各发射通道进行校准时， 所述搭 建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 为：
同时将校准工装的 Portl~PortN 端口分别与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1- ANTN对应相连， PortN+1端口与收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端口相连；
通过切换开关阵列， 使得校准工装的 PortN+1 端口先后分别与 Portl~PortN端口相连， 采集各路发射通道的幅、 相信息时， 数字处理模块 内的数字处理单元 DPU中的测试信号源 TSG均发射校准信号，由数字处理 模块处理后， 经数模转换器 DAC以及收发射频模块中的各路发射通道、 功 放和双工器， 通过校准工装传送给反馈通道， 经反馈通道采集第一至 N路 发射通道的幅、 相信息， 并存储在数字处理模块内的 DPU中的发射随机存 储器 TX RAM模块中。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为功分器， 且对各发射通道进行校准时， 所述搭建 校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 为：
校准工装的 Portl~PortN 端口分别与收发射频模块的输出 口 ANT1~ANTN对应相连， PortN+1端口与收发射频模块的反馈通道的 PRX CAL端口相连； DPU中的 TSG发射校准信号， 由数字处理模块处理后， 经 DAC以及 收发射频模块中的各路发射通道、 功放和双工器， 通过校准工装传送给反 馈通道， 经反馈通道采集各路发射通道的幅、 相信息， 并存储在数字处理 模块 DPU中的 TX RAM模块中。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为功分器， 且对各接收通道进行校准时， 所述搭建 校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 为：
校准工装 Portl~PortN 端口分别与收发射频模块的各输出 口 ANT1~ANTN相连， 校准工装的 PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连， 信号发 生器产生校准信号， 经由校准工装功分送给各路接收通道， 校准信号的各 路接收经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 低噪放 LNA和接收通道， 以及数字 处理模块中的模数转换器 ADC, 数字处理模块内的 DPU中的 RX RAM模 块采集并存储各路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息。
9、 根据权利要求 5所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准的方法， 其特 征在于， 所述校准工装为开关阵列， 且对各接收通道进行校准时， 所述搭 建校准环境， 采集并存储各通道的离线幅、 相信息， 为：
同时将校准工装的 Portl~PortN 端口与收发射频模块的输出口 ANT1-ANTN相连， PortN+1端口与信号发生器相连；
通过切换开关阵列， 使得校准工装的 PortN+1 端口先后分别与 Portl~PortN端口相连， 采集各路接收通道的幅、 相信息时， 数字处理模块 中的 DPU均向信号发生器发送触发 TRIG信号， 并记录 TRIG信号有效时 刻，信号发生器收到 TRIG信号后产生校准信号，校准信号经由校准工装先 后输入到第一至 N路接收通道， 经由收发射频模块中的双工器、 LNA和接 收通道， 以及数字处理模块中的 ADC,数字处理模块中的 RX RAM模块采 集并存储第一至 N路接收通道的幅度、 相位信息。
10、 根据权利要求 4至 9任一项所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准 的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括：
如果数字处理模块对各发射 /接收通道的等幅、 等相验证不合格， 则重 新对各发射 /接收通道进行校准。
11、 根据权利要求 6、 7、 8或 9所述的有源天线多收发通道同步校准 的方法， 其特征在于， 所述校准信号为单音信号、 或带限信号。
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