WO2013123659A1 - 无油雾高速电主轴 - Google Patents

无油雾高速电主轴 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013123659A1
WO2013123659A1 PCT/CN2012/071517 CN2012071517W WO2013123659A1 WO 2013123659 A1 WO2013123659 A1 WO 2013123659A1 CN 2012071517 W CN2012071517 W CN 2012071517W WO 2013123659 A1 WO2013123659 A1 WO 2013123659A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
oil
passage
seal member
electric spindle
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/071517
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张雷震
Original Assignee
Zhang Leizhen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhang Leizhen filed Critical Zhang Leizhen
Priority to EP12869139.1A priority Critical patent/EP2818741A4/en
Priority to US13/505,456 priority patent/US9051971B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/071517 priority patent/WO2013123659A1/zh
Publication of WO2013123659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013123659A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/80Labyrinth sealings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/70Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0078Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B23Q11/0883Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards for spindles, e.g. for their bearings or casings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M115/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof
    • C10M115/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a non-macromolecular organic compound other than a carboxylic acid or salt thereof containing nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/06Mixtures of thickeners and additives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6603Special parts or details in view of lubrication with grease as lubricant
    • F16C33/6633Grease properties or compositions, e.g. rheological properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72Sealings
    • F16C33/76Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/767Sealings of ball or roller bearings integral with the race
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/401Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/10Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C10M2215/102Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates
    • C10M2215/1026Ureas; Semicarbazides; Allophanates used as thickening material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/02Groups 1 or 11
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/055Particles related characteristics
    • C10N2020/06Particles of special shape or size
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08Resistance to extreme temperature
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/30Anti-misting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/02Bearings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2322/00Apparatus used in shaping articles
    • F16C2322/39General build up of machine tools, e.g. spindles, slides, actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-speed electric spindle, and more particularly to an oil-free high-speed electric spindle of the bearing processing industry.
  • An electric spindle is an abbreviation for "High Frequency Spindle", sometimes referred to as a "Direct Drive Spindle”, and is a built-in motor spindle unit.
  • the electric spindle shortens the length of the main drive chain of the machine tool to zero, realizes the "zero transmission" of the machine tool, has the advantages of compact structure, high mechanical efficiency, high rotation speed, high rotation precision, low noise and small vibration.
  • the motor spindle is usually divided into a low speed electric spindle and a high speed electric spindle.
  • a high-speed electric spindle generally refers to an electric spindle with a bearing DN value of 100 to 2 million. Since the spindle bearings of high-speed electric spindles are in a sharp high-speed friction state and are subjected to high temperatures and high loads, the lubrication of high-speed electric spindles is very important. High-speed electric spindles generate a lot of heat during operation, causing the spindle to heat up.
  • high-speed electric spindles often use lubrication methods such as oil mist lubrication, oil-air lubrication, and jet lubrication, instead of grease lubrication. It will volatilize due to the temperature rise of the spindle, and the grease cannot be held in the bearing for a long time).
  • oil mist lubrication uses compressed air and, after purification treatment, relies on a special spray device to spray the special oil into an atomized state, and uses compressed air to force the oil mist into the bearing portion of the electric spindle.
  • Lubricate In the lubrication mode of oil mist lubrication, it takes a lot of energy to manufacture compressed air.
  • each electric spindle needs to be equipped with 2 ⁇ 2.5kW air compressor power, which consumes a large amount of electricity. Moreover, each electric spindle has to be added on a daily basis. Spindle oil l ⁇ 2kg, large fuel consumption. In addition, in the lubrication method of oil mist lubrication, since the oil mist is immediately discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the electric spindle bearing, it also causes serious environmental pollution and impairs the health of the employee. On the other hand, since the rotational speed of the high-speed electric spindle can reach 60,000 rpm or more, and the bearing DN value reaches 100 to 2 million, it is impossible to adopt a contact type sealing structure.
  • the non-contact sealing structure utilizes the tension between gas and liquid between the two planes to achieve the sealing effect, and the gap between the two workpieces that are relatively moving must be controlled within a certain range.
  • the gap is too small, it is easy to generate friction during work, and it is easy to damage the bearing. If the gap is too large, there will be no sealing effect.
  • another object of the present invention is to provide an oil-free high-speed electric spindle which can effectively prevent external particulate matter from being mixed into a bearing when rotating at a high speed.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides an oil-free high-speed electric spindle having a casing, a stator and a rotor housed in a housing space formed by the inside of the casing, and a bearing provided in the casing a bearing that is rotatably supported on the outer casing so as to be spaced apart from the stator, wherein the bearing is filled with grease, which is based on base oil A polyurea fully synthetic fat containing the nano antiwear additive.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides an oil-free high-speed electric spindle having a casing, a stator and a rotor housed in a housing space formed by the inside of the casing, and a bearing provided in a bearing installation portion of the casing
  • the rotor is rotatably supported on the outer casing so as to face the stator with a gap therebetween, wherein a labyrinth seal structure is disposed on the outer side of the bearing installation portion so as to cover the bearing installation portion.
  • the labyrinth seal structure has a passage communicating with the atmosphere, and the through hole is provided in the outer casing, one end of the through hole is opened in the receiving space, and the other end of the through hole is opposite to the labyrinth seal structure
  • the passages are in communication.
  • the bearing installation portion is filled with a grease which is a polyurea full synthetic grease containing a base oil as a main component and containing a nano antiwear additive.
  • the base oil is any one of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, and synthetic oil.
  • the nano antiwear additive is preferably a nano copper particle.
  • the nano antiwear additive has a weight of 3 to 8% by weight based on the total weight of the grease.
  • the labyrinth seal structure is a multi-pass labyrinth seal structure.
  • the outer casing includes a casing main body and a front cover body and a rear end cover mounted at both ends of the outer casing main body, a bearing hole as the bearing installation portion is respectively disposed on the front end cover and the outer casing main body, and the labyrinth seal structure is disposed on the front end cover in a manner covering the bearing hole of the front end cover.
  • the labyrinth seal structure includes an outer seal member and an inner seal member, the inner seal member covering the bearing setting portion a manner of being mounted on an outer side of the bearing installation portion, the outer seal member being mounted outside the inner seal member so as to cover the inner seal member, the passage being connected by the first passage and the second passage communicating with each other
  • the first passage is formed on the inner seal member
  • the second passage is formed by the abutting surface of the inner seal member and the outer seal member.
  • the bearing is selected from the group consisting of an angular contact bearing, a deep groove ball bearing, an angular contact roller bearing, and a radial short cylinder. Bearing.
  • the passage and the through hole have a size of 0.10 to 0.20 mm.
  • the bearing installation portion is filled with a grease which is a polyurea full synthetic grease containing a base oil as a main component and containing a nano antiwear additive.
  • the ferrous metal in the bearing setting portion, can form a friction-reducing and anti-wear ceramic composite film on the friction surface under the frictional heat condition, and the friction and heat can be greatly reduced by the film.
  • the grease filled in the bearing installation portion is less likely to be volatilized, and is easily held in the bearing installation portion for a long period of time, thereby solving the problem that conventionally, a large amount of heat is generated when the high-speed electric spindle is operated, and grease cannot be used. Since the lubrication method of the previous oil mist lubrication is not used, the environmental pollution caused by the oil mist can be effectively avoided, and a large amount of energy can be saved.
  • a labyrinth seal structure is provided outside the bearing installation portion, the labyrinth seal structure has a passage communicating with the atmosphere, and a through hole is provided in the outer casing.
  • One end of the hole opens in a receiving space formed inside the outer casing, and the other end of the through hole communicates with the passage of the labyrinth seal structure.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric spindle of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the bearing operation without seals.
  • Figure 3 is a single sealed bearing operating condition.
  • Figure 4 is an operational state of a simple labyrinth seal.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a multi-pass labyrinth seal structure.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric spindle of the present invention, wherein reference numeral 1 is a housing of an electric spindle which is substantially cylindrical and long in the axial direction (i.e., the left-right direction in Fig. 1).
  • the casing 1 is mainly composed of a casing main body la, a rear end cover lb, and a front end cover lc.
  • the casing main body 1a has a bottomed cylindrical shape open at one end, and has a substantially cylindrical tubular portion and a bottom portion attached to one end (left end in Fig. 1) of the tubular portion.
  • a bearing hole hl as a bearing installation portion is provided on the inner circumferential side of the casing 1 in the radial direction (i.e., the vertical direction in Fig. 1).
  • the rear end cover lb is substantially hat-shaped and is attached to the bottom of the casing main body la to cover the bottom.
  • the front end cover lc has a substantially plate shape and is attached to an opening portion (a right end portion of the casing main body 1a in Fig. 1) of the casing main body 1a to block the opening portion.
  • a bearing hole h2 as a bearing installation portion is also provided on the radially inner peripheral side of the distal end cover lc.
  • a substantially closed accommodating space A for accommodating the stator 2 and the rotor 3 is formed in the casing 1.
  • the winding 2a of the stator 2 is fixed to the inner peripheral side of the substantially intermediate portion of the axial direction of the casing main body 1a.
  • Paired angular contact is provided in the bearing hole hi at the bottom of the main body casing 1a Bearing.
  • a pair of angular contact bearings are also provided in the bearing hole h2 of the front end cover lc.
  • each of the bearing holes hl, h2 is filled with a grease which is a polyurea full synthetic grease whose main component is a base oil and contains a nano antiwear additive.
  • a grease which is a polyurea full synthetic grease whose main component is a base oil and contains a nano antiwear additive.
  • the base oil any one of vegetable oil, animal oil, mineral oil, and synthetic oil may be selected, and as a ratio of addition of the nano antiwear additive, it is preferable to select 3 to 8 % of the total weight of the grease.
  • a labyrinth seal structure 4 is provided on the right side of the front end cover lc so as to cover the bearing hole h2.
  • the seal type seal structure 4 is a multi-pass labyrinth seal structure, and the cross section is substantially
  • the C-shaped outer seal member 4a and the inner seal member 4b having a substantially L-shaped cross section are formed.
  • a passage 4c is formed between the abutting faces of the outer seal member 4a and the inner seal member 4b, and one end of the passage 4c is opened in the atmosphere.
  • a passage 4d is formed in a part (upper portion in Fig. 1) of the inner seal member 4b.
  • the passage 4d extends substantially linearly in the radial direction of the casing 1, and one end thereof is open at the left end surface of the inner seal member 4b, and the other end is open at the inner peripheral side of the inner seal member 4b.
  • the through hole Id is formed in the front end cover lc in the axial direction of the casing 1, that is, the through hole Id is opened on both end faces of the front end cover lc, the through hole Id and the accommodating space A Connected.
  • the accommodating space A communicates with the atmosphere outside the electric spindle, and the negative pressure formed in the accommodating space A can be eliminated.
  • the front end cover lc is provided with a through hole ld communicating with the accommodating space A, and the through hole Id communicates with the atmosphere via the passage 4d and the passage 4c of the hermetic seal structure 4, and therefore,
  • the grinding iron scraps contained in the coolant, the threshing of the grinding wheel and the debris will not be sucked into the labyrinth seal structure, and will not enter the bearing inside the electric spindle than the labyrinth seal structure. In this way, it is possible to avoid the change of the bearing force, the abnormal sound of the main shaft, and even the problem of stalling.
  • the present invention
  • the labyrinth seal structure is composed of two members of the outer seal member 4a and the inner seal member 4b.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the seal seal structure may be composed of one member.
  • the passage 4d provided in the inner seal member 4b extends substantially linearly in the radial direction of the casing 1, but the invention is not limited thereto, and the passage 4d may have various shapes.
  • the high-speed electric spindle of the present invention includes an angular contact bearing, but is not limited thereto, and may also include a magnetic suspension bearing, an oil-based dynamic hydrostatic bearing, an aerodynamic hydrostatic bearing, a deep groove ball bearing, and an angular contact roller. Bearings, and radial short cylindrical bearings, etc., replace angular contact bearings.
  • the high-speed electric spindle of the present invention is applied to a bearing grinding machine.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be applied to other high-speed machine tools such as a high-speed milling machine and a high-speed lathe.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams for explaining the working state of the bearing, respectively, wherein Fig. 2 is the working state of the bearing without sealing, Fig. 3 is the working state of the single-sealed bearing, and Fig. 4 is the working state of the simple labyrinth sealing, Fig. 4 5 is a schematic diagram of a multi-pass labyrinth seal structure. As can be seen from Fig. 2 to Fig.
  • Example 1 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing 2% of an anti-wear additive, was observed to have insufficient lubricity and the electric spindle temperature was not effectively controlled.
  • Example 2 Polyurea full synthetic fat using base oil as a main component, containing nano antiwear additive 3%, the electric spindle temperature was observed to be effectively controlled, and the temperature was maintained at 139 degrees.
  • Example 3 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing a nano antiwear additive of 6%, was observed to effectively control the temperature of the electrospindle, and the temperature was maintained at 103 degrees.
  • Example 4 Polyurea full synthetic fat using a base oil as a main component, containing 8% of a nano antiwear additive, was observed to be effectively controlled at a temperature of 133 degrees.
  • Example 5 A polyurea total synthetic fat using a base oil as a main component, containing a nano anti-wear additive of 10%, was observed to cause agglomeration of the nano material, and after stirring, it was thoroughly stirred, and after 2 hours, re-agglomeration occurred again. After the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, the bearing noise is increased, the vibration value is increased, and the electric spindle temperature is not effectively controlled.
  • Example 6 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing 6% of a nano antiwear additive, and a design life of an electric spindle of 400 hours, using the multi-pass labyrinth seal structure shown in Fig. 5, the size of the passage 4c At 0.05 mm, no coolant was observed entering the bearing, and several collisions occurred during the operation of the electric spindle. The actual life was 451 hours.
  • Example 7 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing 6% of a nano antiwear additive, and a design life of an electric spindle of 400 hours, using the multi-pass labyrinth seal structure shown in Fig. 5, the size of the passage 4c O.
  • Example 8 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing a nano antiwear additive of 6%, and an electric spindle design life of 400 hours, using the multi-pass labyrinth seal structure shown in Fig. 5, the size of the passage 4c For 0.15mm, no coolant is observed to enter the bearing. There is no collision during the operation of the electric spindle. The actual life is 2036 hours.
  • Example 10 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing a nano antiwear additive of 6%, and an electric spindle design life of 400 hours, using the multi-pass labyrinth seal structure shown in Fig. 5, the size of the passage 4c It is 0.25mm, no collision occurs during the operation of the electric spindle, but it is observed that the coolant enters the bearing and the sealing effect is not achieved.
  • Example 11 A polyurea full synthetic grease using a base oil as a main component, containing 6% of a nano antiwear additive, and a design life of an electric spindle of 400 hours, using a simple labyrinth seal structure as shown in Fig. 4, the size of the passage 4c was 0.15. Mm, no coolant is observed entering the bearing, no collision occurs during the operation of the electric spindle, and the actual life is 584 hours.
  • the experimental results also show that without the use of grease, the use of conventional lubrication technology has no significant effect on the life of the electric spindle.
  • the labyrinth seal structure still achieves the predetermined technical effect, and the multi-pass labyrinth seal structure has a simple labyrinth seal structure. Longer life.

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Abstract

一种无油雾高速电主轴,其具有外壳(1)、被该外壳的内部所形成的收容空间(A)收容的定子(2)及转子(3)。利用设置于外壳的轴承设置部(h1,h2)的轴承,转子以与定子隔开间隙相对的方式旋转自如地支承在外壳上。在轴承设置部的外侧以覆盖该轴承设置部的方式设置有迷宫式密封结构(4),该迷宫式密封结构具有与大气连通的通路(4c,4d)。在外壳上设有通孔(1d),该通孔的一端在收容空间中开口,另一端与迷宫式密封结构的通路连通。在轴承设置部填充有润滑脂,该润滑脂是将基础油作为主要成分并含有纳米抗磨添加剂的聚脲全合成脂。该高速电主轴能有效避免油雾造成的环境污染和对员工身体健康的损害并能节约能源。

Description

无油雾高速电主轴 技术领域 本发明涉及高速电主轴, 尤其涉及轴承加工行业的无油雾高速电主 轴。 背景技术 电主轴是 "高频主轴" (High Frequency Spindle ) 的简称, 有时也 称作 "直接传动主轴" (Direct Drive Spindle ) , 是内装式电机主轴单元。 电主轴把机床主传动链的长度缩短为零, 实现了机床的 "零传动", 具有结 构紧凑、 机械效率高、 可获得极高的回转速度、 回转精度高、 噪声低、 振 动小等优点, 因而在现代机床, 尤其是数控机床中获得了愈来愈广泛的应 用。 轴承制造业尤为极普遍应用。 根据主轴转速的不同, 电主轴通常分为低速电主轴和高速电主轴。 高速电主轴一般是指轴承的 DN值达到 100〜200万的电主轴。 由于高速 电主轴的主轴轴承处于急剧的高速摩擦状态, 并且承受高温、 高负载, 因 此高速电主轴的润滑相当重要。 高速电主轴在运转时会产生大量热量, 引起主轴升温, 因此, 与低 速电主轴不同, 高速电主轴常采用油雾润滑、 油气润滑、 喷射润滑这样的 润滑方式, 而不采用脂润滑(原因在于其会因主轴升温而挥发, 油脂无法 长期保持在轴承内)。所谓油雾润滑, 是利用压缩空气, 经过净化处理后, 依靠专用的喷雾装置将专用油液喷成雾化状态,并且利用压缩空气将油雾 强制性送入电主轴的轴承部位, 对高速轴承进行润滑。在采用油雾润滑的 润滑方式时, 制造压缩空气需要耗费大量能源, 一般平均每台电主轴需要 配备 2〜2.5kW空压机功率, 耗电量很大, 而且, 每台电主轴平均每天要 添加专用主轴油 l〜2kg, 耗油量大。 另外, 在油雾润滑的润滑方式中, 由于油雾在通过电主轴轴承之后, 即刻被排放到大气中, 因此还会造成严 重的环境污染, 损害员工身体健康。 另一方面, 由于高速电主轴的转速可达到每分钟 6万转以上, 轴承 的 DN值达到 100〜200万, 因此不可能采用接触式的密封结构。 例如, 在将以往的采用非接触式密封结构的电主轴结构应用于轴承磨床时,如果 关闭气雾润滑, 使得电主轴内没有正压压缩空气, 由于轴承磨床工作时伴 有大量的磨削冷却液的喷射、 溅射, 冷却液里含有的磨削铁屑、 砂轮的脱 粒及杂物等颗粒物会混入电主轴的轴承, 因此容易引起轴承受力的改变, 使得主轴产生异音, 甚至于停转。 这会导致电机线圈被烧毁。 在采用水性 冷却液时, 危害更大。 同时, 非接触式密封结构利用的是两个平面间气体、 液体的张力来 实现密封的效果, 必须将相对运动的两个工件之间的间隙控制在一定范 围。 间隙太小, 工作中容易产生摩擦, 容易损坏轴承, 间隙太大则不会有 密封效果。 发明内容 本发明是鉴于上述问题而完成的, 本发明的一个目的在于提供一种 能有效避免油雾造成的环境污染、损害员工身体健康并且能够节约能源的 无油雾高速电主轴。 另外, 本发明的另一目的在于提供一种在高速旋转时能有效防止外 部的颗粒物混入轴承的无油雾高速电主轴。 为实现上述目的, 本发明的第一方面提供一种无油雾高速电主轴, 其具有外壳、被该外壳的内部所形成的收容空间收容的定子及转子, 利用 设置于所述外壳的轴承设置部的轴承,所述转子以与所述定子隔开间隙相 对的方式旋转自如地支承在所述外壳上, 其中, 在所述轴承设置部填充有 润滑脂,该润滑脂是将基础油作为主要成分并含有纳米抗磨添加剂的聚脲 全合成脂。 另外, 本发明的第二方面提供一种无油雾高速电主轴, 其具有外壳、 被该外壳的内部所形成的收容空间收容的定子及转子,利用设置于所述外 壳的轴承设置部的轴承,所述转子以与所述定子隔开间隙相对的方式旋转 自如地支承在所述外壳上, 其中, 在所述轴承设置部的外侧以覆盖该轴承 设置部的方式设置有迷宫式密封结构,该迷宫式密封结构具有与大气连通 的通路, 在所述外壳上设有通孔, 该通孔的一端在所述收容空间中开口, 所述通孔的另一端与所述迷宫式密封结构的所述通路连通。 较为理想的 是, 在所述轴承设置部填充有润滑脂, 该润滑脂是将基础油作为主要成分 并含有纳米抗磨添加剂的聚脲全合成脂。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述基础油是植物油、 动物油、 矿物油及合成油中的任一种。 所述 纳米抗磨添加剂优选为纳米铜颗粒。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述纳米抗磨添加剂的重量占所述润滑脂的总重量的 3〜8 %。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述迷宫式密封结构是多道次的迷宫式密封结构。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述外壳包括外壳主体和安装在该外壳主体两端的前盖体和后端 盖,在所述前端盖和所述外壳主体上分别设置有作为所述轴承设置部的轴 承孔,所述迷宫式密封结构以覆盖所述前端盖的所述轴承孔的方式设置在 所述前端盖上 o 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述迷宫式密封结构包括外侧密封部件和内侧密封部件, 所述内侧 密封部件以覆盖所述轴承设置部的方式安装在所述轴承设置部的外侧,所 述外侧密封部件以覆盖所述内侧密封部件的方式安装在所述内侧密封部 件的外侧, 所述通路由相互连通的第一通路和第二通路构成, 所述第一通 路形成在所述内侧密封部件上,所述第二通路由在所述内侧密封部件和所 述外侧密封部件的对接面之间形成的间隙构成, 且一端在大气中开口, 所 述通孔的所述另一端在所述第一通路中开口。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述轴承选自角接触轴承, 深沟球轴承, 角接触滚子轴承, 及径向 短圆柱轴承。 在本发明的第一方面或第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴中, 较为理想 的是, 所述通路和通孔大小为 0.10〜0.20mm。 根据本发明的第一方面的无油雾高速电主轴, 在轴承设置部填充有 润滑脂,该润滑脂是将基础油作为主要成分并含有纳米抗磨添加剂的聚脲 全合成脂。 因此, 在轴承设置部, 黑色金属在摩擦热的条件下能在摩擦表 面生成一层结合力非常牢固的减摩抗磨的陶瓷化合膜, 依靠这层膜, 能大 幅度降低摩擦力和摩擦热, 使得填充于轴承设置部的润滑脂不易挥发, 容 易长时间保持于轴承设置部,解决了以往因高速电主轴工作时会产生大量 热量而无法采用润滑脂的问题。 由于不采用以往的油雾润滑的润滑方式, 因此能有效避免油雾造成的环境污染, 并且能够节约大量能源。 根据本发明的第二方面的无油雾高速电主轴, 在轴承设置部的外侧 设置有迷宫式密封结构, 该迷宫式密封结构具有与大气连通的通路, 在外 壳上设有通孔, 该通孔的一端在外壳的内部所形成的收容空间中开口, 通 孔的另一端与所述迷宫式密封结构的所述通路连通。藉此, 外壳的内部所 形成的收容空间可经由通孔和通路而与外部的大气连通,能避免在高速电 主轴工作时在收容空间内形成负压,从而能有效防止外部的颗粒物混入高 速电主轴的轴承, 大幅度延长了电主轴的寿命, 使设计额定寿命可达到
2000小时, 相当于普通油雾润滑电主轴寿命的 4〜5倍。 同时, 所述迷宫 式密封结构还能够防止润滑油的泄露。 附图说明 图 1是本发明的电主轴的剖视图。 图 2是没有密封的轴承工作状态。 图 3是单密封的轴承工作状态。 图 4是简单迷宫式密封的工作状态。 图 5是多道次迷宫式密封结构示意图。 具体实施方式 下面结合附图对本发明的一实施方式进行说明。 图 1是本发明的电主轴的剖视图, 其中, 符号 1是电主轴的壳体, 其大致呈筒状, 在轴向 (即图 1中的左右方向) 上较长。 壳体 1主要由壳 体主体 la、 后端盖 lb和前端盖 lc构成。 壳体主体 la呈一端开口的有底 筒状,具有大致呈筒状的筒状部和安装于该筒状部的一端(图 1中的左端) 的底部。 在上述底部, 在壳体 1的径向 (即图 1中的上下方向) 内周侧设 有作为轴承设置部的轴承孔 hl。 后端盖 lb大致呈帽状, 安装在壳体主体 la的底部而覆盖该底部。前端盖 lc大致呈板状, 安装在壳体主体 la的开 口部 (图 1中的壳体主体 la的右端部) 以堵住该开口部。 另外, 在前端 盖 lc的径向内周侧也设有作为轴承设置部的轴承孔 h2。 在组装状态下, 在壳体 1内形成大致封闭的收容空间 A, 该收容空间 A用于收容定子 2 和转子 3。 如图 1所示, 定子 2的绕组 2a固接在壳体主体 la的轴向大致中间 部的内周侧。在主体壳体 la的底部的轴承孔 hi内设有配对安装的角接触 轴承。 另外, 在前端盖 lc的轴承孔 h2内也设有配对安装的角接触轴承。 借助上述轴承, 转子 3以能自由旋转的方式与上述绕组 2a的内周隔开规 定间隙地支承在壳体主体 la上。 在本发明中, 在各轴承孔 hl、 h2内填充有润滑脂, 该润滑脂是聚脲 全合成脂, 其主要成分是基础油, 并含有纳米抗磨添加剂。 其中, 作为基 础油, 可选择植物油、 动物油、 矿物油及合成油中的任一种, 作为纳米抗 磨添加剂的添加比例, 最好选择润滑脂总重量的 3〜8 %。 如图 1所示, 在前端盖 lc的右侧以覆盖其轴承孔 h2的方式设有迷 宫式密封结构 4, 该密封式密封结构 4为多道次的迷宫式密封结构, 由半 截面呈大致 C字状的外侧密封部件 4a和半截面呈大致 L字状的内侧密封 部件 4b构成。 在将外侧密封部件 4a与内侧密封部件 4b组合成一体时, 在该外侧密封部件 4a和内侧密封部件 4b的对接面之间形成通路 4c,该通 路 4c的一端在大气中开口。 另外, 在内侧密封部件 4b的一部分(图 1的 上侧部分) 形成有通路 4d。 该通路 4d大致沿壳体 1的径向直线延伸, 其 一端在内侧密封部件 4b的左侧端面开口,另一端在内侧密封部件 4b的内 周侧开口。 另外, 在本发明中, 在前端盖 lc上沿壳体 1的轴向贯穿地设有通孔 Id, 即通孔 Id在前端盖 lc的两端面上开口, 该通孔 Id与上述收容空间 A连通。在内侧密封部件 4b安装在前端盖 lc的右侧端面上并在该内侧密 封部件 4b上安装外侧密封部件 4a时, 通孔 Id与通路 4d连通, 而通路 4d又与通路 4c连通。藉此,上述收容空间 A便与电主轴外部的大气连通, 能消除上述收容空间 A内形成的负压。 如上所述, 在本发明中, 在前端盖 lc上设置有与收容空间 A连通 的通孔 ld, 该通孔 Id经由密封式密封结构 4具有的通路 4d、 通路 4c而 与大气连通, 因此, 在将本发明的电主轴安装于轴承磨床等装置并使电主 轴高速旋转时, 即使存在大量的磨削冷却液等冷却液的喷射、 溅射, 冷却 液里含有磨削铁屑、 砂轮的脱粒及杂物, 冷却液所含的磨削铁屑、 砂轮的 脱粒及杂物也不会被吸入迷宫式密封结构中,更不会进入比迷宫式密封结 构更靠电主轴内侧的轴承中。 藉此, 便能避免轴承受力发生变化, 使主轴 产生异音, 甚至于停转的问题。 另外, 在本发明中,
效解决冷却液的侵入。 上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述, 显然本发明的具体实现 并不受上述实施方式的限制。 在上述实施方式中,迷宫式密封结构由外侧密封部件 4a和内侧密封 部件 4b这两个部件构成, 但并不限定于此, 密封式密封结构也可由一个 部件构成。 在上述实施方式中, 设置在内侧密封部件 4b上的通路 4d大致沿壳 体 1的径向直线延伸, 但并不限定于此, 通路 4d可采用各种形状。 在上述实施方式中, 本发明的高速电主轴包括角接触轴承, 但并不 限定于此, 亦可包括磁悬浮轴承, 油基动静压轴承, 空气动静压轴承, 深 沟球轴承, 角接触滚子轴承, 及径向短圆柱轴承等来代替角接触轴承。 另外, 在上述实施方式中, 将本发明的高速电主轴应用于轴承磨床, 但并不限定于此, 也可应用于高速铣床、 高速车床等其它高速机床。 下面, 结合附图来简单说明多道次迷宫式密封结构在避免杂质颗粒 物混入电主轴的轴承方面的作用。 图 2〜图 5分别是用于说明轴承工作状态的图, 其中, 图 2是没有 密封的轴承工作状态, 图 3是单密封的轴承工作状态, 图 4是简单迷宫式 密封的工作状态, 图 5是多道次迷宫式密封结构示意图。 由图 2〜图 5可知, 采用多道次的迷宫式密封结构时, 能够有效避 免杂质颗粒物混入电主轴的轴承, 从而延长电主轴的寿命。 下面, 基于实施例来说明纳米抗磨添加剂含量对电主轴的影响以及 多道次迷宫式密封结构的通路大小对电主轴寿命的影响。顺便提一下, 以 下所称纳米抗磨添加剂的含量, 指其重量占所述润滑脂的总重量的百分 比。 实施例 1 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 2%, 观察到润滑度不够, 电主轴温度得不到有效控制。 实施例 2 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 3%, 观察到电主轴温度得到有效控制, 温度维持在 139度。 实施例 3 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 观察到电主轴温度得到有效控制, 温度维持在 103度。 实施例 4 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 8%, 观察到电主轴温度得到有效控制, 温度维持在 133度。 实施例 5 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 10%, 观察到纳米材料造成团聚, 打碎后充分搅拌, 2小时后, 再次发生 团聚。 团聚后的纳米颗粒, 引起轴承噪音增大, 振动值上升, 电主轴温度 得不到有效控制。 实施例 6 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 5所示的多道次迷宫式密封结 构, 通路 4c的大小为 0.05mm, 未观察到冷却液进入轴承, 电主轴运行过 程中发生数次碰撞, 实际寿命为 451小时。 实施例 7 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 5所示的多道次迷宫式密封结 构, 通路 4c的大小为 O. lOmm, 未观察到冷却液进入轴承, 电主轴运行过 程中不发生碰撞, 实际寿命为 912小时。 实施例 8 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 5所示的多道次迷宫式密封结 构, 通路 4c的大小为 0.15mm, 未观察到冷却液进入轴承, 电主轴运行过 程中不发生碰撞, 实际寿命为 2036小时。 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂
6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 5所示的多道次迷宫式密封结 构, 通路 4c的大小为 0.20mm, 未观察到冷却液进入轴承, 电主轴运行过 程中不发生碰撞, 实际寿命为 986小时。 实施例 10 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 5所示的多道次迷宫式密封结 构, 通路 4c的大小为 0.25mm, 电主轴运行过程中不发生碰撞, 但观察到 冷却液进入轴承, 达不到密封效果。 实施例 11 使用基础油作为主要成分的聚脲全合成脂, 含有纳米抗磨添加剂 6%, 电主轴设计寿命为 400小时, 使用图 4所示的简单迷宫式密封结构, 通路 4c的大小为 0.15mm, 未观察到冷却液进入轴承, 电主轴运行过程中 不发生碰撞, 实际寿命为 584小时。 实验结果同时表明, 不使用润滑脂, 而使用常规润滑技术, 对电主 轴寿命无明显影响, 迷宫式密封结构仍然达到了预定技术效果, 且多道次 迷宫式密封结构比简单迷宫式密封结构具有更长的使用寿命。

Claims

1. 一种无油雾高速电主轴, 其具有外壳、 被该外壳的内部所形成的 收容空间收容的定子及转子, 利用设置于所述外壳的轴承设置部的轴承, 所述转子以与所述定子隔开间隙相对的方式旋转自如地支承在所述外壳 上, 其特征在于, 在所述轴承设置部的外侧以覆盖该轴承设置部的方式设 置有迷宫式密封结构, 该迷宫式密封结构具有与大气连通的通路, 在所述 外壳上设有通孔, 该通孔的一端在所述收容空间中开口, 所述通孔的另一 端与所述迷宫式密封结构的所述通路连通,在所述轴承设置部填充有润滑 脂,该润滑脂是将基础油作为主要成分并含有纳米抗磨添加剂的聚脲全合 成脂。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述迷宫 式密封结构是多道次的迷宫式密封结构。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述外壳 包括外壳主体和安装在该外壳主体两端的前盖体和后端盖,在所述前端盖 和所述外壳主体上分别设置有作为所述轴承设置部的轴承孔,所述迷宫式 密封结构以覆盖所述前端盖的所述轴承孔的方式设置在所述前端盖的外
4. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述迷宫 式密封结构包括外侧密封部件和内侧密封部件,所述内侧密封部件以覆盖 所述轴承设置部的方式安装在所述轴承设置部的外侧,所述外侧密封部件 以覆盖所述内侧密封部件的方式安装在所述内侧密封部件的外侧,所述通 路由相互连通的第一通路和第二通路构成,所述第一通路形成在所述内侧 密封部件上,所述第二通路由在所述内侧密封部件和所述外侧密封部件的 对接面之间形成的间隙构成, 且一端在大气中开口, 所述通孔的所述另一 端在所述第一通路中开口。
5. 如权利要求 3所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述迷宫 式密封结构包括外侧密封部件和内侧密封部件,所述内侧密封部件以覆盖 所述轴承孔的方式安装在所述轴承孔的外侧,所述外侧密封部件以覆盖所 述内侧密封部件的方式安装在所述内侧密封部件的外侧,所述通路由相互 连通的第一通路和第二通路构成,所述第一通路形成在所述内侧密封部件 上,所述第二通路由在所述内侧密封部件和所述外侧密封部件的对接面之 间形成的间隙构成, 且一端在大气中开口, 所述通孔的所述另一端在所述 第一通路中开口。
6. 如权利要求 1的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述轴承选自 角接触轴承、 深沟球轴承、 角接触滚子轴承及径向短圆柱轴承。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述通路 和通孔的直径为 0.10〜0.20mm。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述基础 油是植物油、 动物油、 矿物油及合成油中的任一种。
9. 如权利要求 1的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述纳米抗磨 添加剂为纳米铜颗粒。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的无油雾高速电主轴, 其特征在于, 所述纳 米抗磨添加剂的重量占所述润滑脂的总重量的 3〜 8 %。
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