WO2013118899A1 - 単球増殖剤、単球増殖用培地、単球の製造方法、樹状細胞の製造方法、及び樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法 - Google Patents
単球増殖剤、単球増殖用培地、単球の製造方法、樹状細胞の製造方法、及び樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- monocytes
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a monocyte proliferating agent, a monocyte growth medium, a method for producing monocytes, a method for producing dendritic cells, and a method for producing dendritic cell vaccines.
- Dendritic cell vaccines are prepared from dendritic cells that have been loaded with (pulsed) cancer antigens into dendritic cells from a subject to whom the vaccine is administered (eg, a cancer patient) and into the body of the subject to which the vaccine is administered. Be administered.
- the administered dendritic cells present cancer antigens to T cells, and the antigen-presented T cells (CTL) specifically attack cancer cells, thus treating cancer without damaging normal cells in the body can do.
- CTL antigen-presented T cells
- dendritic cells necessary for the production of the dendritic cell vaccine cannot be separated directly from the body. Therefore, dendritic cells are obtained by separating monocytes from blood collected from a subject to which the vaccine is administered and differentiating the monocytes into dendritic cells.
- a method of collecting monocytes used for producing a conventionally known dendritic cell vaccine a method of separating leukocytes in blood using a component blood collection device (hereinafter, this method is referred to as “apheresis”). It has been known. However, apheresis is expensive to operate the apparatus and requires advanced techniques for operating the apparatus. In apheresis, a mixture containing not only monocytes but also components other than monocytes (white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, etc.) is collected. For this reason, it is common to perform a mononuclear cell separation step after apheresis in order to remove components other than monocytes such as red blood cells and platelets.
- apheresis is usually performed about 8 times at intervals from the same target.
- the proportion of monocytes present in the blood is small, if apheresis is used to obtain a sufficient amount of monocytes that can produce a dendritic cell vaccine, the blood is circulated in the apheresis device and leukocyte components
- the burden on the patient is very heavy both physically and temporally. Therefore, if the patient's condition changes suddenly during apheresis, the apheresis may be interrupted halfway and the dendritic cell vaccine therapy itself may have to be abandoned.
- monocyte components are collected by apheresis, it is said that usually about 5-8 doses of a tree cell vaccine can be prepared. It varies depending on blood conditions.
- Patent Document 1 discloses culturing monocytes while inhibiting the expression of a specific substance in monocytes.
- this method requires a recombinant production process and a long culture time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a means by which monocytes can be propagated efficiently and easily.
- the present inventors have found that a specific cytokine involved in hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and the like can proliferate monocytes with high efficiency, and have completed the present invention. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- a monocyte proliferating agent that is composed of one or more of Flt-3L, IL-3, or IFN- ⁇ , and is used before a differentiation process from monocytes to dendritic cells.
- a method for producing monocytes comprising a growth step of growing raw material monocytes by culturing them in the monocyte growth medium described in (2) or (3).
- the method for producing monocytes according to (4) or (5) including a reduction step of obtaining the raw material monocytes by reducing the content of components other than monocytes in the body fluid before the proliferation step .
- the reduction is performed by using magnetic beads having higher affinity for at least one of monocytes in the raw material monocytes and leukocyte components other than monocytes, plasma, and red blood cells (6).
- Figures (A) and (B) showing that monocytes grown by the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention differentiated into mature dendritic cells, and mature dendritic cells obtained in (A) and (B) It is a figure (C) which shows that has an antigen presentation ability.
- the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention comprises one or more of Flt-3L, IL-3, or IFN- ⁇ , and is used before the differentiation process from monocytes to dendritic cells.
- the usage aspect of the monocyte proliferative agent of this invention is not specifically limited, It is thought that it is common to use in the form which was added to the culture medium which can culture
- “Differentiation treatment from monocytes to dendritic cells” means conditions suitable for differentiating monocytes into dendritic cells, ie, a predetermined amount of specific cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-4, and IL- 6) and the like. It is known that the number of monocytes increases to some extent even in the course of differentiation treatment, but the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention is not used for this differentiation treatment but is used in the previous stage.
- the amount of monocytes to differentiate into dendritic cells is the amount of dendritic cells in the total number of cells when cultured in a medium containing that amount of cytokines at 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 for 6 days.
- the specific amount depends on the components of the medium and the culture conditions.
- monocytes are proliferated to an amount sufficient to produce a dendritic cell vaccine (for example, 10 6 to 10 7 cells / mL or more) before being subjected to the above differentiation treatment. This is convenient because the monocyte culture process does not need to be repeated many times for the dendritic cell vaccine.
- a dendritic cell vaccine for example, 10 6 to 10 7 cells / mL or more
- Flt-3L Flt3-Ligand
- IL-3 interleukin-3
- IFN- ⁇ interferon- ⁇
- Flt-3L The amount of Flt-3L suitable for growing monocytes is not particularly limited, but is 100 to 10000 IU / mL, preferably 1000 to 5000 IU / mL, most preferably 1000 to 3000 IU / mL per medium in which monocytes can be cultured. It may be mL.
- the amount of IL-3 suitable for growing monocytes is not particularly limited, but is 100 to 10000 IU / mL, preferably 100 to 5000 IU / mL, most preferably 500 to 3000 IU / mL per medium in which monocytes can be cultured. It may be mL.
- the amount of IFN- ⁇ suitable for growing monocytes is not particularly limited, but is 1 to 1000 ng / mL, preferably 1 to 500 ng / mL, most preferably 1 to 50 ng / mL per medium in which monocytes can be cultured. It may be mL.
- any one of Flt-3L, IL-3 and IFN- ⁇ may be used alone, or two or more may be combined.
- Flt-3L, IL-3, and IFN- ⁇ have similar functions, even if they are used in combination, they are not expected to inhibit each other's functions.
- the compounding quantity of each cytokine may be in the above-mentioned range, and may be less than it.
- monocytes Whether or not the cells grown by the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention are monocytes is confirmed by analyzing cell surface markers of the obtained cells by flow cytometry. Examples of monocyte cell surface markers include CD14. Cells with such markers are recognized as monocytes.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention contains one or more of Flt-3L, IL-3 or IFN- ⁇ , and is used before the differentiation process from monocytes to dendritic cells.
- the monocyte growth medium may further contain a nutrient component, a pH adjuster and the like for enabling monocytes to be cultured.
- the medium containing such components is not particularly limited, and examples include serum-free synthetic medium for lymphocytes, AIM-V, RPMI-1640 and the like.
- the “medium” in the present specification includes not only liquefied prepared forms but also component mixtures (usually powders) before preparation.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention may further contain a cytokine involved in monocyte differentiation (GM-CSF (Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)).
- GM-CSF Gramulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
- Monocytes tend to differentiate into macrophages in the presence of GM-CSF and tend to differentiate into dendritic cells in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention containing GM-CSF can significantly promote the growth of monocytes.
- GM-CSF itself also has a monocyte-proliferating effect
- monocytes can be differentiated without differentiation. Can be significantly promoted.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention further contains IL-4 in an amount less than the amount that differentiates monocytes into dendritic cells (eg, 500 to 2,000 IU / mL). May be included.
- the GM-CSF contained in the monocyte growth medium of the present invention may be in the range of 500 to 2,000 IU / mL.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention may contain a reagent usually used in cell culture.
- a reagent usually used in cell culture.
- examples of such a reagent include antibiotics (gentamicin, kanamycin, etc.), albumin, serum (fetal bovine serum, etc.) and the like.
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention contains autologous plasma derived from a living body (for example, mammals such as humans, pigs, cows, horses, goats, sheep, rabbits, kangaroos, monkeys). Monocytes and autologous plasma may be obtained from the same living body).
- the monocyte growth medium of the present invention may contain picibanil chloride, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), etc. for the purpose of promoting differentiation induction into dendritic cells.
- PGE2 prostaglandin E2
- the method for producing monocytes of the present invention includes a growth step for growing raw material monocytes by culturing them in the monocyte growth medium of the present invention.
- the conditions used in the growth step in the present invention are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of growing monocytes before many monocytes start to differentiate, the conditions are 30 to 40 ° C. and 2 to 8% CO 2 . It may be cultured. The culture time can be appropriately adjusted depending on the amount of monocytes required, and may be 3 to 20 days, 3 to 18 days, 3 to 14 days, or 3 to 10 days. During culture, the medium may be appropriately replaced by a conventionally known method.
- monocytes in the raw material monocytes can be grown to a clinically usable level (eg, 10 6 to 10 7 cells / mL or more) in a short culture time of 14 days, for example.
- the level that can be used clinically refers to the level at which the obtained dendritic cell vaccine can be used as it is as a non-frozen vaccine when prepared dendritic cells obtained by differentiating expanded monocytes are prepared as a dendritic cell vaccine. .
- monocytes are grown under conditions where the monocytes are cultured in the monocyte growth medium of the present invention under a condition that the load on the monocytes is small. Therefore, according to the method for producing monocytes of the present invention, it can be expected to obtain monocytes at a high viable cell rate (for example, more than 90%).
- the raw material monocytes in the present invention are samples containing monocytes.
- the raw material monocytes may consist of monocytes alone, and according to the method for producing monocytes of the present invention, monocytes can be selectively and efficiently proliferated, so that monocytes and leukocyte components other than monocytes (for example, a mixture containing lymphocytes, NK cells, and NKT cells) may be used. This mixture may further contain plasma and red blood cells.
- the mixture may be a mononuclear cell fraction mainly containing monocytes and lymphocytes obtained from a sample of body fluid such as blood by density gradient centrifugation or the like.
- Reduction process Before the proliferation step, it is preferable to perform a reduction step of obtaining the raw material monocytes by reducing the content of components other than monocytes in the body fluid. Reduction can be performed by, for example, a method using magnetic beads, a density gradient centrifugation method, a method in which only monocytes are adhered to a petri dish among components in a body fluid, and monocytes are separated, or a combination of these methods. it can.
- This magnetic bead is a magnetic bead having a higher affinity for at least one (preferably all) of monocytes and non-monocyte leukocyte components, plasma, and red blood cells in the raw monocytes than the other.
- Such a magnetic bead may have a structure in which an antibody or the like against a substance to be separated is bound to a magnetic carrier.
- the mononuclear cell fraction obtained by subjecting the bodily fluid to density gradient centrifugation to be treated with magnetic beads from the viewpoint of further increasing the yield of monocytes.
- monocytes can be separated mainly from body fluids (this is called positive selection of monocytes).
- the raw material monocytes are obtained by removing the magnetic beads from the separated monocytes by a conventionally known method. This mode is advantageous in that the number of types of magnetic beads to be prepared is small, but a step of removing the magnetic beads from the monocytes is necessary, and damage to the monocytes may be a little concerned.
- the sample for which negative selection of monocytes is performed may be a mononuclear cell fraction obtained by density gradient centrifugation of a body fluid. In this case, magnetic beads having a relatively high affinity for lymphocytes are used.
- a magnetic cell separator When using magnetic beads, a magnetic cell separator can be used.
- a magnetic cell separation device separates monocytes from a body fluid based on a predetermined program by setting a reagent such as a magnetic bead in the device together with a body fluid sample such as blood.
- a reagent such as a magnetic bead in the device together with a body fluid sample such as blood.
- Use of such an apparatus is preferable in that monocytes can be separated from body fluids quickly and with high yield.
- the proliferation efficiency of monocytes by the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention can be significantly increased.
- Examples of the magnetic cell separation apparatus suitable for the present invention include “RoboSep (trademark)” (Veritas Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- Samples for obtaining raw material monocytes include body fluids such as blood and bone marrow fluid.
- Blood is collected from a living body (for example, a human cancer patient), and examples thereof include peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood. Among these, peripheral blood is preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the burden on the subject.
- the method of collecting body fluid is not particularly limited, and a method of collecting from a site such as an arm, wrist, or foot using a syringe, a winged needle, or the like can be used.
- the amount of bodily fluid to be used is small, so compared with the conventionally used methods such as apheresis, the burden on the living body (cost, time, etc.) when collecting bodily fluids ) Is extremely small.
- the amount of body fluid used is 100 mL or less, 90 mL or less, 80 mL or less, 70 mL or less, 60 mL or less, 50 mL or less, 40 mL or less, 35 mL or less, 30 mL or less, 25 mL or less. , 20 mL or less, 15 mL or less, 10 mL or less, 5 mL or less, 1 mL or less, or 0.5 mL or less.
- the minimum of the amount of body fluids is not specifically limited, For example, it may be 0.1 mL or more.
- the monocytes obtained by the monocyte production method of the present invention may be differentiated into dendritic cells through a differentiation step as they are, or may be cryopreserved by a conventionally known method.
- the cryopreserved monocytes can be subjected to a monocyte differentiation process after thawing.
- monocytes are preferably not cryopreserved from the viewpoint of preventing loss of monocytes that can be differentiated.
- the monocytes since it is not necessary to culture monocytes many times in order to obtain monocytes that can be subjected to a differentiation process, the monocytes can be subjected to a monocyte differentiation process without being cryopreserved.
- the method for producing dendritic cells of the present invention comprises a monocyte producing step for producing monocytes by the monocyte producing method of the present invention, and differentiating the monocytes obtained in the monocyte producing step into dendritic cells. Differentiation step.
- Dendritic cells Methods for differentiating monocytes into dendritic cells are known per se. That is, for example, when monocytes are cultured in a differentiation medium containing IL-4 or the like, the monocytes differentiate into immature dendritic cells. When immature dendritic cells obtained in a medium containing TNF- ⁇ and the like are cultured, the immature dendritic cells differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
- the dendritic cells in the present invention include both immature dendritic cells or mature dendritic cells.
- the differentiation step of the present invention it is preferable to use a medium containing one or more of Flt-3L, IL-3, or IFN- ⁇ .
- a medium containing one or more of Flt-3L, IL-3, or IFN- ⁇ it is preferable to use.
- monocytes can be differentiated into dendritic cells while proliferating, and a larger number of dendritic cells can be obtained.
- the medium containing the above components may not be used.
- Pulse process Present immature dendritic cells or mature dendritic cells present a desired antigen by incorporating (pulsing) a substance (such as a peptide) extracted from cancer cells, a cancer-specific antigen, an artificial antigen, or the like. Dendritic cells that can be obtained can be obtained.
- the pulse process may be performed in the process of manufacturing dendritic cells, or may be performed in the process of vaccine preparation after the manufacture of dendritic cells as described later.
- the pulse method is not particularly limited as long as it allows a dendritic cell to incorporate a desired antigen, and includes culturing a dendritic cell together with the desired antigen.
- immature dendritic cells have higher antigen uptake than immature dendritic cells, so it is preferable to pulse against immature dendritic cells.
- the obtained cells are dendritic cells.
- the cell surface marker of dendritic cells include CD83. Cells with such markers are recognized as dendritic cells.
- dendritic cells obtained by the method for producing dendritic cells of the present invention have antigen-presenting ability is confirmed by analyzing the cell surface marker of dendritic cells by flow cytometry.
- cell surface markers of dendritic cells having antigen-presenting ability include MHC class I molecules (HLA-A, B, C) and MHC class II molecules (HLA-DR). It is recognized that dendritic cells having such markers have antigen presenting ability.
- the method for producing a dendritic cell vaccine of the present invention comprises a dendritic cell production process for producing a dendritic cell by the method for producing a dendritic cell of the present invention, and a dendritic cell obtained by the above dendritic cell production process. And preparing a dendritic cell vaccine.
- a method for preparing dendritic cells into a dendritic cell vaccine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include mixing dendritic cells with drugs (physiological saline, Ringer's solution, etc.) prescribed in ordinary vaccine preparations. Moreover, when using the dendritic cell which has not passed through the pulse process, a pulse process is performed with respect to the dendritic cell.
- the method for producing a dendritic cell vaccine of the present invention may not include a cryopreservation step of cryopreserving at least one of monocytes and dendritic cells.
- a cryopreservation step of cryopreserving at least one of monocytes and dendritic cells it is necessary to stock monocytes and dendritic cells because a sufficient amount of monocytes and dendritic cells can be obtained in a short period of time so that the dendritic cell vaccine can be produced. And can be prepared in a timely manner. Therefore, monocytes and dendritic cells produced as necessary can be used for the production of dendritic cell vaccines without being cryopreserved. This can avoid cell damage that may occur due to freezing and a decrease in the antigen-presenting ability of dendritic cells.
- the obtained dendritic cell vaccine can be administered to a living body by a conventionally known method such as intradermal injection.
- the raw material monocytes are preferably obtained from body fluids collected from a subject to which a dendritic cell vaccine is administered.
- a dendritic cell vaccine with few harmful side effects can be obtained.
- a body fluid collected from a person who is not the subject of administration may be used as long as an immune reaction that can be caused by administration of the dendritic cell vaccine is acceptable.
- Example 1 Separation of monocytes> 25 mL of peripheral blood was collected from the arms of three cancer patients.
- the peripheral blood was subjected to density gradient centrifugation using Ficoll solution (GE Healthcare Japan, Inc.) to obtain mononuclear cell fraction cells.
- the cells of the obtained mononuclear cell fraction are set in a magnetic cell separator (trade name; RoboSep, Veritas Co., Ltd.), and CD14 + monocytes and CD16 + monocytes according to a program set for monocyte separation. Isolated sphere.
- the number of monocytes in each sample was measured according to the following conditions.
- Cell surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry for 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells in each sample.
- monocyte marker CD14 was used as a marker. The result is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 comparing the monocytes before (A) and after (B), the number of monocytes per cell in the sample (before separation; 534, After separation; 2938) was markedly increased, indicating that a sample enriched with monocytes was obtained.
- Example 2 Monocyte proliferation>
- the monocytes derived from cancer patients (CD14 + monocytes and CD16 + monocytes) separated according to the above method are used as the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention (Flt-3L was used in this example) according to the following conditions. Cultured in a monocyte growth medium containing.
- composition of monocyte growth medium Serum-free synthetic medium for lymphocytes (X-VIVO 15, Takara Bio Inc.) Flt-3L (Cellgenix) 2000 IU / mL GM-CSF (Miltenyi Biotec) 1000 IU / mL Gentamicin 50 ng / mL 5% autologous plasma (plasma obtained from each cancer patient)
- the separated monocytes were added to the above monocyte growth medium so as to be 2 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL per medium, and cultured at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 for 3 days. On the fourth day of culture, the cells were cultured in the monocyte differentiation medium (1) in Example 3 for 8 days. On the 12th day of culturing, the cells were cultured in the monocyte differentiation medium (1) in Example 3 for 3 days. That is, the total culture period is 14 days.
- Monocytes at each time point after the start of culture, 3 days after culture, 6 days after culture, 11 days after culture, and 14 days after culture were collected, stained with trypan blue, and the number of cells was counted by microscopic observation.
- the result is shown in FIG.
- monocytes have grown to about 2 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL at the third day of culture. At this point, it can be subjected to a differentiation process. Furthermore, it can be expected to obtain dendritic cells of 10 7 cells / mL or more by culturing in the presence of the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention also in the differentiation step.
- composition of monocyte differentiation medium (1) A medium for differentiating monocytes into immature dendritic cells was prepared by adding 1000 IU IL-4 (Miltenyi Biotec) to the monocyte growth medium. Hereinafter, this medium is referred to as “monocyte differentiation medium (1)”.
- composition of monocyte differentiation medium (2) A medium for differentiating immature dendritic cells into mature dendritic cells was prepared by further adding the following components to the monocyte differentiation medium (1).
- this medium is referred to as “monocyte differentiation medium (2)”.
- IL-1 ⁇ 10 ng / mL IL-6 (Miltenyi Biotec) 1000 IU / mL PGE2 (Cayman Chemical) 1 ⁇ g / mL TNF- ⁇ (Miltenyi Biotec) 20 ng / mL 0.1KE Pishibanil chloride (Chugai Pharmaceutical)
- Proliferated monocytes ie, monocytes obtained by culturing for 3 days under the conditions of Example 2 were cultured in the monocyte differentiation medium (1) for 8 days under the same conditions as monocyte proliferation. And differentiated into immature dendritic cells. At the end of 8 days of culture, antigen peptide was added and pulsed.
- the obtained immature dendritic cells were cultured in a monocyte differentiation medium (2) under the same conditions as monocyte proliferation for 3 days to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
- the obtained mature dendritic cells were analyzed for cell surface markers by flow cytometry.
- markers CD83, which is a marker for mature dendritic cells
- CD14 which is a marker for monocytes
- the result is shown in FIG.
- the number of mature dendritic cells obtained was analyzed by flow cytometry using CD83, which is a marker of mature dendritic cells, as a marker.
- FIGS. 3 (A) and 3 (B) there are no cells expressing CD14 (ie, monocytes) among the differentiated cells, and cells expressing CD83 (ie, mature trees). Monocytes have differentiated into mature dendritic cells.
- the antigen-presenting ability of the obtained mature dendritic cells was measured by flow cytometry using MHC class I molecules (HLA-A, B, C) and MHC class II molecules (HLA-DR) as markers. Analyzed. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3C, the obtained mature dendritic cells express MHC class I molecules and MHC class II molecules, and are found to have antigen presenting ability.
- cytokines Examination of the effects of various cytokines on monocyte proliferation> The effects of the monocyte proliferating agent (Flt-3L, IL-3 or IFN- ⁇ ) and various cytokines (SCF, IFN- ⁇ or IFN- ⁇ ) of the present invention on monocyte proliferation were examined according to the following conditions. .
- Monocytes separated according to the method described in Example 1 were added in a 96-well petri dish at 1 ⁇ 10 3 cells / well in a medium and cultured for 6 days under conditions of 37 ° C. and 5% CO 2 .
- the composition of the culture medium is as follows.
- the monocyte proliferating agent (Flt-3L, IL-3 or IFN- ⁇ ) of the present invention the proliferation of monocytes is promoted. Further, in addition to the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention, monocyte proliferation is remarkably promoted by further combining GM-CSF.
- Example 5 Examination of the viable cell rate of monocytes> The viability of dendritic cells obtained by differentiating monocytes grown with the monocyte proliferating agent of the present invention was examined according to the following conditions.
- the obtained mature dendritic cells were stained with trypan blue, and the total number of cells (the total number of obtained mature dendritic cells) and the viable cell ratio were measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
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Abstract
Description
上記単球製造工程で得られた単球を樹状細胞へと分化させる分化工程と、
を含む樹状細胞の製造方法。
上記樹状細胞製造工程で得られた樹状細胞を樹状細胞ワクチンに調製する調製工程と、
を含む樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法。
本発明の単球増殖剤は、Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γのうちの1つ以上からなり、単球から樹状細胞への分化処理前に使用される。なお、本発明の単球増殖剤の使用態様は特に限定されないが、単球を培養可能な培地に添加され、又は培地の成分としてプレミックスされた形態で用いられるのが一般的と考えられる。
単球を増殖させるために好適なFlt-3Lの量は特に限定されないが、単球を培養可能な培地あたり、100~10000IU/mL、好ましくは1000~5000IU/mL、最も好ましくは1000~3000IU/mLであってもよい。
単球を増殖させるために好適なIL-3の量は特に限定されないが、単球を培養可能な培地あたり、100~10000IU/mL、好ましくは100~5000IU/mL、最も好ましくは500~3000IU/mLであってもよい。
単球を増殖させるために好適なIFN-γの量は特に限定されないが、単球を培養可能な培地あたり、1~1000ng/mL、好ましくは1~500ng/mL、最も好ましくは1~50ng/mLであってもよい。
本発明の単球増殖用培地は、Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γのうちの1つ以上を含み、単球から樹状細胞への分化処理前に使用される。具体的に、単球増殖用培地は、さらに、単球を培養可能とするための栄養成分、pH調整剤等を含み得る。かかる成分を含む培地としては、特に限定されないが、リンパ球用無血清合成培地、AIM-V、RPMI-1640等が挙げられる。なお、本明細書における「培地」とは、液体化された調製済みの形態のみならず、調製前の成分混合物(通常、粉体)も包含する。
本発明の単球の製造方法は、原料単球を、本発明の単球増殖用培地中で培養することによって増殖させる増殖工程を含む。
本発明における増殖工程で使用される条件としては、特に限定されないが、多くの単球が分化し始める前に単球を増殖させる観点で、30~40℃、2~8% CO2の条件で培養してもよい。培養時間は、所要される単球の量によって適宜調整でき、3~20日、3~18日、3~14日、3~10日であってもよい。培養中、従来公知の方法で適宜培地交換を行ってもよい。
本発明における原料単球とは、単球を含む試料である。原料単球は、単球のみからなってもよく、また、本発明の単球の製造方法によれば単球を選択的に効率よく増殖できるため、単球と、単球以外の白血球成分(例えば、リンパ球、NK細胞、NKT細胞)とを含む混合物であってもよい。この混合物はさらに血漿、赤血球を含んでいてもよい。混合物としては、血液等の体液の試料から密度勾配遠心分離等で得られる、主に単球及びリンパ球を含む単核球画分であってもよい。
上記増殖工程の前に、体液中の単球以外の成分の含有率を低減させて上記原料単球を得る低減工程を行うことが好ましい。低減は、例えば、磁気ビーズを使用した方法、密度勾配遠心法、体液中の成分のうち単球のみをシャーレへ接着させて単球を分離する方法や、これらの方法の組み合わせ等で行うことができる。
原料単球を得るための試料として、血液や骨髄液といった体液が挙げられる。血液は、生体(例えば、ヒト癌患者)から採取され、末梢血、臍帯血等が挙げられる。このうち、被採取者の負担軽減の観点で、末梢血が好ましい。体液の採取方法としては特に限定されず、腕、手首、足等の部位から、シリンジ、翼状針等を使用して採取する方法等を使用できる。本発明の単球の製造方法においては、使用する体液の量が少なくて済むため、従来使用されてきたアフェレーシス等の方法と比較して、体液を採取する際の生体に対する負担(費用、時間等)が著しく少ない。
本発明の樹状細胞の製造方法は、本発明の単球の製造方法によって単球を製造する単球製造工程と、上記単球製造工程で得られた単球を樹状細胞へと分化させる分化工程と、を含む。
単球を樹状細胞へ分化させる方法自体は、従来公知である。つまり、例えばIL-4等を含む分化用培地中で単球を培養すると、単球は未成熟樹状細胞に分化する。TNF-α等を含む培地中で得られた未成熟樹状細胞を培養すると、未成熟樹状細胞は成熟樹状細胞に分化する。本発明における樹状細胞とは、未成熟樹状細胞又は成熟樹状細胞の双方を包含する。
得られた未成熟樹状細胞又は成熟樹状細胞に、癌細胞から抽出した物質(ペプチド等)や癌特異的抗原、人工抗原等を取り込ませる(パルスする)ことで、所望の抗原を提示することのできる樹状細胞を得ることができる。なお、パルス工程は、樹状細胞を製造する過程で行ってもよく、後述のように樹状細胞の製造後のワクチン調製の過程で行ってもよい。
本発明の樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法は、本発明の樹状細胞の製造方法によって樹状細胞を製造する樹状細胞製造工程と、上記樹状細胞製造工程で得られた樹状細胞を樹状細胞ワクチンに調製する調製工程と、を含む。
樹状細胞を樹状細胞ワクチンに調製する方法は特に限定されないが、樹状細胞を、通常のワクチン製剤に処方される薬剤(生理食塩水、リンゲル液等)と混合することが挙げられる。また、パルス工程を経ていない樹状細胞を用いる場合、樹状細胞に対してパルス工程を行う。
3名の癌患者の腕から末梢血を25mL採取した。この末梢血を、それぞれ、フィコール溶液(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社)を用いて、密度勾配遠心を行い、単核球画分の細胞を得た。得られた単核球画分の細胞を、磁気細胞分離装置(商品名;RoboSep、株式会社ベリタス)にセットし、単球分離用に設定されたプログラムに従って、CD14+単球、及びCD16+単球を分離した。
各試料中の3×105cellsの細胞について、細胞表面のマーカーをフローサイトメトリーによって解析した。なお、マーカーとして単球のマーカーであるCD14を用いた。その結果を図1に示す。図1に示される通り、単球を分離する前(A)と分離した後(B)とを比較すると、分離工程によって、試料中の細胞数当たりの単球の個数(分離前;534個、分離後;2938個)が顕著に増加しており、単球が濃縮された試料が得られたことが分かる。
上記の方法に従って分離した癌患者由来の単球(CD14+単球、及びCD16+単球)を、下記の条件に従って、本発明の単球増殖剤(本例ではFlt-3Lを使用した)を含む単球増殖用培地中で培養した。
リンパ球用無血清合成培地(X-VIVO 15、タカラバイオ株式会社)
Flt-3L(Cellgenix社) 2000IU/mL
GM-CSF(Miltenyi Biotec社) 1000IU/mL
ゲンタマイシン 50ng/mL
5% 自己血漿(各癌患者から得られた血漿)
上記で得られた単球を、下記の条件に従って培養した。
単球増殖用培地に、1000IU IL-4(Miltenyi Biotec社)を加えることで、単球を未成熟樹状細胞へ分化させるための培地を調製した。以下、この培地を「単球分化用培地(1)」と呼ぶ。
単球分化用培地(1)に、さらに下記の成分を加えることで未成熟樹状細胞を成熟樹状細胞へ分化させるための培地を調製した。以下、この培地を「単球分化用培地(2)」と呼ぶ。
IL-1β(Miltenyi Biotec社) 10ng/mL
IL-6(Miltenyi Biotec社) 1000IU/mL
PGE2(Cayman Chemical社) 1μg/mL
TNF-α(Miltenyi Biotec社) 20ng/mL
0.1KE 塩化ピシバニール(中外製薬)
ゲンタマイシン 50ng/mL
5% 自己血漿(各癌患者から得られた血漿)
本発明の単球増殖剤(Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γ)及び各種サイトカイン(SCF、IFN-α又はIFN-β)が、単球の増殖へ及ぼす影響を下記の条件に従って検討した。
(培地組成)
リンパ球用無血清合成培地(X-VIVO 15、タカラバイオ株式会社)
表1のマトリックスに従って組み合わせたサイトカイン(各サイトカインの使用量は下記の通りである)
2000IU/mL Flt-3L
1000IU/mL IL-3
10ng/mL IFN-γ
10ng/mL SCF
10ng/mL IFN-α
10ng/mL IFN-β
1000IU/mL GM-CSF
1000IU/mL IL-4
なお、表1中、「増殖因子」とは、本発明の単球増殖剤(Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γ)及び各種サイトカイン(SCF、IFN-α及びIFN-β)を合わせた呼称である。
±:変化なし
+:単球の増殖をやや促進した
++:単球の増殖を促進した
+++:単球の増殖を顕著に促進した
本発明の単球増殖剤によって増殖させた単球を分化させて得られた樹状細胞の生細胞率について下記の条件に従って検討した。
生細胞率(%)=生細胞の総数(未染色細胞の数)/総細胞数(染色細胞の数と未染色細胞の数との合計)×100
Claims (15)
- Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γのうちの1つ以上からなり、単球から樹状細胞への分化処理前に使用される単球増殖剤。
- Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γのうちの1つ以上を含み、単球から樹状細胞への分化処理前に使用される単球増殖用培地。
- GM-CSFを含む請求項2に記載の単球増殖用培地。
- 原料単球を、請求項2又は3に記載の単球増殖用培地中で培養することによって増殖させる増殖工程を含む単球の製造方法。
- 前記原料単球として、単球及び単球以外の白血球成分を含む混合物を用いる請求項4に記載の単球の製造方法。
- 前記増殖工程の前に、体液中の単球以外の成分の含有率を低減させて前記原料単球を得る低減工程を含む請求項4又は5に記載の単球の製造方法。
- 前記低減は、前記原料単球中の単球及び単球以外の白血球成分、血漿、赤血球の少なくとも1つに対して他方より高い親和性を有する磁気ビーズを使用して行う請求項6に記載の単球の製造方法。
- 100mL以下の末梢血から前記原料単球を得る請求項6又は7に記載の単球の製造方法。
- 前記単球を凍結保存する凍結保存工程を含まない請求項6から8のいずれか1項に記載の単球の製造方法。
- 請求項4から9のいずれか1項に記載の単球の製造方法によって単球を製造する単球製造工程と、
前記単球製造工程で得られた単球を樹状細胞へと分化させる分化工程と、
を含む樹状細胞の製造方法。 - 前記分化工程において、前記単球は、Flt-3L、IL-3又はIFN-γのうちの1つ以上を含む培地中で培養される請求項10に記載の樹状細胞の製造方法。
- 前記樹状細胞をパルスするパルス工程を含む請求項10又は11に記載の樹状細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項10から12のいずれか1項に記載の樹状細胞の製造方法によって樹状細胞を製造する樹状細胞製造工程と、
前記樹状細胞製造工程で得られた樹状細胞を樹状細胞ワクチンに調製する調製工程と、
を含む樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法。 - 前記単球及び前記樹状細胞のうち少なくとも一方を凍結保存する凍結保存工程を含まない請求項13に記載の樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法。
- 前記原料単球は、前記樹状細胞ワクチンを投与される対象から採取した体液から得たものである請求項13又は14に記載の樹状細胞ワクチンの製造方法。
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CN108398470B (zh) * | 2018-04-13 | 2024-01-30 | 广州万孚生物技术股份有限公司 | 血液活化凝血时间测定生物传感器及其制作方法 |
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JP2022531474A (ja) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-07-06 | ビオンテック ユーエス インコーポレイテッド | T細胞製造組成物および方法 |
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US9303247B2 (en) | 2016-04-05 |
CN109536446A (zh) | 2019-03-29 |
JP5577472B2 (ja) | 2014-08-20 |
KR101680164B1 (ko) | 2016-11-28 |
TW201341400A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
CN103597072B (zh) | 2018-11-23 |
EP2749639A4 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
CN103597072A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
SG11201404570WA (en) | 2014-11-27 |
KR20140144681A (ko) | 2014-12-19 |
EP2749639A1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2749639B1 (en) | 2016-10-12 |
JPWO2013118899A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
US20150030634A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
DE13746292T1 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
CN109536446B (zh) | 2022-08-02 |
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