WO2013118512A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013118512A1 WO2013118512A1 PCT/JP2013/000701 JP2013000701W WO2013118512A1 WO 2013118512 A1 WO2013118512 A1 WO 2013118512A1 JP 2013000701 W JP2013000701 W JP 2013000701W WO 2013118512 A1 WO2013118512 A1 WO 2013118512A1
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- steel sheet
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/38—Heating by cathodic discharges
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
- C21D8/125—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest with application of tension
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
Definitions
- Patent Document 1 discloses a method for manufacturing an electrical steel sheet having an iron loss with W 17/50 being less than 0.8 W / kg by electron beam irradiation.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method of reducing iron loss by applying laser irradiation to an electromagnetic steel sheet.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1. It is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in which point-sequence plastic strain is introduced in the width direction of the steel sheet by magnetic domain subdivision processing, Each length of the plastic strain region in the width direction of the steel sheet: d is 0.05 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less, and each introduction interval of the plastic strain region: w is the length: d of the total ⁇ w A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a total ⁇ d ratio ( ⁇ d / ⁇ w) of 0.2 to 0.6.
- the noise increase of the transformer can be suppressed and the iron loss can be reduced at the same time, so that the energy efficiency of the transformer is improved, which is extremely useful industrially.
- the surface of the steel sheet is rapidly heated by laser irradiation or electron beam irradiation to cause thermal expansion.
- the heating time is extremely short, the region where the temperature is high is limited locally, and the surrounding unheated region Therefore, the part which received the said thermal strain receives a big compressive stress, and produces a plastic strain.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a thermal strain introduction line when a laser or an electron beam continuously moves on a steel plate.
- the thermal strain introduction line has a plastic strain region and an elastic strain region formed in a band shape.
- the thermal strain introduction line takes the form shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, or FIG. 4 depending on the size of the strain region. That is, different strain distributions as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 are obtained depending on the irradiation conditions of the laser and the electron beam.
- Each length of the plastic strain region: d is 0.05 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less. If it is smaller than 0.05 mm, a sufficient magnetic domain refinement effect cannot be obtained and the iron loss reducing effect is small. On the other hand, if it is larger than 0.4 mm, hysteresis loss increases or noise in the transformer increases. Because it invites. *
- the ratio d / w between the introduction interval and the length is preferably 0.2 or more and 0.6 or less. This is because when the individual ratios satisfy the above range, a more uniform magnetic domain subdivision is given to the steel sheet than in the case of the above total.
- the introduction interval of one plastic strain region on the thermal strain introduction line: w and the length of the corresponding plastic strain region: d (FIGS. 3 and 4) Measurement) the strain introduction line and the strain introduction region (line) formed repeatedly thereafter can be evaluated as having the same effect in the present invention.
- the difference between a single plate and a transformer core is that the steel plates are laminated and bound, especially those with conditions where noise deteriorates in the transformer.
- the tightening force is large. According to the fact, when the plastic strain region is excessive, significant warpage in the width direction of the steel sheet occurs, and when the binder core is bound, fixed and straightened, internal stress occurs in the steel sheet, Since this leads to the generation of fine magnetic domains and an increase in magnetostriction, it is considered that the increase in noise becomes obvious.
- B 8 magnetic flux density when magnetized at 800 A / m
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used in the present invention preferably has B 8 of 1.88 T or more, more preferably 1.92 T or more. Are preferred.
- the present invention can also be applied to a directional electrical steel provisional in which the content of Al, N, S and Se is limited and an inhibitor is not used.
- the amounts of Al, N, S, and Se are preferably suppressed to Al: 100 mass ppm or less, N: 50 mass ppm or less, S: 50 mass ppm or less, and Se: 50 mass ppm or less.
- C 0.08 mass% or less
- C is added to improve the hot-rolled sheet structure, but if it exceeds 0.08 mass%, C is reduced to 50 massppm or less where magnetic aging does not occur during the manufacturing process. Since it becomes difficult to do, it is preferable to set it as 0.08 mass% or less.
- the lower limit since a secondary recrystallization is possible even for a material not containing C, it is not particularly necessary to provide it.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass% Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability, but if the content is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect of addition is poor, whereas if it exceeds 1.0% by mass, the magnetic flux density of the product plate Therefore, the amount of Mn is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- Ni 0.03-1.50 mass%
- Sn 0.01-1.50 mass%
- Sb 0.005-1.50 mass%
- Cu 0.03-3.0 mass%
- P At least one selected from 0.03 to 0.50 mass%
- Mo 0.005 to 0.10 mass%
- Ni is an element useful for improving the magnetic properties by improving the hot rolled sheet structure It is. However, if the content is less than 0.03% by mass, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.50% by mass, the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic properties deteriorate. Therefore, the amount of Ni is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.50 mass%.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, and Mo are elements that are useful for improving the magnetic properties. However, if any of them is less than the lower limit of each component described above, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. When the upper limit amount of each component is exceeded, the development of secondary recrystallized grains is hindered. The balance other than the above components is inevitable impurities and Fe mixed in the manufacturing process.
- recrystallization annealing is performed and an annealing separator is applied. After applying the annealing separator, a final finish annealing is performed for the purpose of secondary recrystallization and forsterite film formation.
- the conventionally well-known manufacturing method of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet can be used suitably.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which applied the technique which reduces a hysteresis loss by smoothing, without forming a forsterite film on the steel plate surface can also be used.
- Example 1 Thickness is 0.23 mm, at a magnetic flux density B 8 in the rolling direction is 1.94T, the surface of the base steel, coating (silica phosphate baked inorganic process liquid onto the film and composed mainly of forsterite A coil of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a two-layer coating (system coating) was prepared.
- a single plate sample having a width of 100 mm and a length of 400 mm was cut out from the coil and irradiated with a Q-switched pulsed fiber laser to perform magnetic domain fragmentation. By defocusing, the laser beam diameter was varied in the range of 0.05 to 0.6 mm, the repetition interval in the width direction was set to 0.1 to 1.2 mm, and the output with the lowest iron loss was searched.
- the width of the plastic strain region is increased by increasing the beam output so that the beam diameter is increased and sufficient thermal strain is introduced as the area increases. Furthermore, the size of the elastic strain region was controlled by increasing / decreasing the holding time at one point where the beam was applied. Further, the repetition interval in the rolling direction of the strain region was set to 4.5 mm. The distribution in the width direction of the plastic strain region in the strain region was determined by measuring the half width of the diffraction peak on the ⁇ 112 ⁇ plane of ⁇ -Fe by X-ray diffraction using Cr K ⁇ rays. The region where the half width increased by 20% or more compared to the position 2 mm away from the beam irradiation position in the rolling direction was defined as the plastic strain region.
- a coil as an iron core material was manufactured by irradiating the entire width of the coil with a laser, and a transformer was produced using this coil as an iron core material.
- the iron core is a three-phase three-legged iron core with a leg width of 150 mm and a weight of 900 kg.
- the transformer has a capacity of 1000 kVA and is an oil-filled transformer.
- Example 2 The magnetic domain subdivision was performed by irradiating the same directional electrical steel sheet as in Example 1 with an electron beam.
- the electron beam has an acceleration voltage of 60 kV and a beam diameter of 0.25 mm, and is stopped for 10 ms at one location, and then moved to the next irradiation point with a repetition interval of 0.34 mm and 0.5 mm. Irradiated under conditions. Furthermore, a condition where the width of the plastic strain region is 0.2 mm and the iron loss is minimized was searched for, and a transformer core was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and the iron loss and noise were measured.
- Example 2 Compared with the laser irradiation of Example 1, as shown in Table 2, the result of irradiation with the electron beam was 22 W or more smaller in iron loss value.
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Abstract
Description
また、鉄損の低減に関しては、素材の高純度化、高配向性化、板厚低減化、SiおよびAlの添加並びに磁区細分化などの観点から、その対策が考えられてきた。しかしながら、一般に、磁束密度を高くすると、鉄損は劣化してしまうという傾向にある。というのは、結晶方位が揃うと静磁エネルギが下がるため、鋼板内の磁区幅が広がって、渦電流損が高くなるからである。
また、特許文献2には、電磁鋼板にレーザ照射を施すことによって、鉄損を低減する方法が示されている。
加えて、歪み導入のパターンには、連続レーザ照射のような幅方向に連続的なものと、パルスレーザ照射のような幅方向に断続的なものの2種類があるが、特に、断続的な歪み領域を導入した際の塑性歪み領域の大きさと、その大きさが幅方向に占める割合とが特定の範囲にある場合に変圧器の鉄損低減と騒音抑制とを両立できることが明らかになった。
本発明は上記知見に立脚するものである。
1.磁区細分化処理により、鋼板の幅方向に点列状の塑性歪みが導入された方向性電磁鋼板であって、
上記鋼板の幅方向における上記塑性歪み領域のそれぞれの長さ:dが0.05mm以上0.4mm以下であって、かつ上記塑性歪み領域のそれぞれの導入間隔:wの合計Σwに対する上記長さ:dの合計Σdの比(Σd/Σw)が0.2以上0.6以下である方向性電磁鋼板。
本発明では、方向性電磁鋼板の幅端部からもう一方の幅端部まで、圧延方向に対して周期的、かつ直線状または曲線状に、また圧延方向に直角に分断するように、点列状に形成された磁区パターンを生じさせる歪み領域を導入する。このようにして生じた歪み領域を、以下、熱歪み導入線という。
本発明では、上記熱歪み導入線が、圧延方向に直角な方向(好適範囲は、直角な方向に対して±30度の範囲)に繰り返し導入され、所望の範囲に磁区細分化処理が施されるのである。
すなわち、レーザや電子ビームの照射条件によって、図1~4に示したような異なる歪み分布となる。
加えて、同様の歪み分布を有している場合であっても、レーザ照射より電子ビーム照射の方が、一層鋼板の低鉄損が得られることが併せて判明した。
上記存在比の限定理由であるが、(Σd/Σw)の百分率が20%よりも小さいと磁区細分化効果が得られず、鉄損低減効果が小さくなってしまうからであり、一方、上記百分率が60%よりも大きいと変圧器での騒音が増大するからである。なお、騒音抑制の観点から、上記百分率の好ましい範囲は40%以下である。
上記問題は、前記長さ:dが0.4mmよりも大きい場合や、前記比(Σd/Σw)が0.6よりも大きい場合に、単板では、大きな磁気特性の劣化はみられないものの、変圧器に加工した場合には、騒音の増大が顕在化してしまうということである。
これは、光であるレーザでは鋼板の表面のみを加熱するのに対して、電子ビームは鋼板内に入って加熱するため、レーザよりも深い領域にまで塑性歪み領域、および弾性歪み領域を形成するためと考えられる。
また、インヒビターを利用する場合、例えばAlN系インヒビターを利用する場合であればAlおよびNを、またMnS・MnSe系インヒビターを利用する場合であればMnとSeおよび/またはSを適量含有させればよい。勿論、両インヒビターを併用してもよい。この場合におけるAl、N、SおよびSeの好適含有量はそれぞれ、Al:0.01~0.065質量%、N:0.005~0.012質量%、S:0.005~0.03質量%、Se:0.005~0.03質量%である。
この場合には、Al、N、SおよびSe量はそれぞれ、Al:100質量ppm以下、N:50質量ppm以下、S:50質量ppm以下、Se:50質量ppm以下に抑制することが好ましい。
C:0.08質量%以下
Cは、熱延板組織の改善のために添加をするが、0.08質量%を超えると製造工程中に磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下までCを低減することが困難になるため、0.08質量%以下とすることが好ましい。なお、下限に関しては、Cを含まない素材でも二次再結晶が可能であるので特に設ける必要はない。
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するのに有効な元素であるが、含有量が2.0質量%に満たないと十分な鉄損低減効果が達成できない。一方、8.0質量%を超えると加工性が著しく低下し、また磁束密度も低下するため、Si量は2.0~8.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で必要な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しく、一方1.0質量%を超えると製品板の磁束密度が低下するため、Mn量は0.005~1.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%およびMo:0.005~0.10質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
Niは、熱延板組織を改善して磁気特性を向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.03質量%未満では磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方1.50質量%を超えると二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化する。そのため、Ni量は0.03~1.50質量%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
なお、上記成分以外の残部は、製造工程において混入する不可避的不純物およびFeである。
さらに、必要に応じて熱延板焼鈍を施す。この時、ゴス組織を製品板において高度に発達させるためには、熱延板焼鈍温度として800~1100℃の範囲が好適である。熱延板焼鈍温度が800℃未満であると、熱間圧延でのバンド組織が残留し、整粒した一次再結晶組織を実現することが困難になり、二次再結晶の発達が阻害される。一方、熱延板焼鈍温度が1100℃を超えると、熱延板焼鈍後の粒径が粗大化しすぎるために、整粒した一次再結晶組織の実現が極めて困難となる。
また、鋼板表面にフォルステライト被膜を形成せずに平滑化することでヒステリシス損を低減する技術を適用した方向性電磁鋼板も使用することが出来る。
板厚が0.23mm、圧延方向の磁束密度B8が1.94Tで、地鉄の表面に、フォルステライトを主成分とする被膜およびその上に無機物の処理液を焼き付けた被膜(シリカ・リン酸塩系コーティング)の2層の被膜を有する方向性電磁鋼板のコイルを用意した。
まず、このコイルから幅:100mm、長さ:400mmの単板試料を切り出し、Qスイッチパルス発振ファイバーレーザを照射して磁区細分化処理を行った。デフォーカスによりレーザのビーム径を0.05~0.6mmの範囲で変化させ、幅方向の繰り返し間隔を0.1~1.2mmとして、鉄損が最も低減される出力を探索した。
また、歪み領域の圧延方向の繰り返し間隔を4.5mmとした。
歪み領域における塑性歪み領域の幅方向の分布は、CrのKα線を用いたX線回折により、α-Feの{112}面の回折ピークの半価幅を測定することで求めた。半価幅がビーム照射位置から圧延方向に2mm離れた位置に比べて20%以上増大している領域を塑性歪み領域とした。
実施例1と同じ方向性電磁鋼板のコイルに電子ビームを照射して磁区細分化を行った。
電子ビームは、加速電圧:60kV、ビーム径:0.25mmとし、1箇所に10ms停止させた後、繰り返し間隔を0.34mmおよび0.5mmとして次の照射点に移動させ、その他は、表2に記載する条件で照射した。さらに、塑性歪み領域の幅が0.2mmになり、かつ鉄損が最小となる条件を探索し、これを実施例1と同じように変圧器鉄心を作製し、鉄損および騒音を測定した。
Claims (3)
- 磁区細分化処理により、鋼板の幅方向に点列状の塑性歪みが導入された方向性電磁鋼板であって、
上記鋼板の幅方向における上記塑性歪み領域のそれぞれの長さ:dが0.05mm以上0.4mm以下であって、かつ上記塑性歪み領域のそれぞれの導入間隔:wの合計Σwに対する上記長さ:dの合計Σdの比(Σd/Σw)が0.2以上0.6以下である方向性電磁鋼板。 - 前記塑性歪み領域のそれぞれの導入間隔:wに対する、該導入間隔に対応する塑性歪み領域の長さ:dの比(d/w)が0.2以上0.6以下である請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
- 前記塑性歪み領域は、電子ビーム照射によって形成されたものである請求項1または2に記載の方向性電磁鋼板。
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