WO2013115156A1 - 流体二酸化炭素の供給装置及び供給方法 - Google Patents
流体二酸化炭素の供給装置及び供給方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013115156A1 WO2013115156A1 PCT/JP2013/051836 JP2013051836W WO2013115156A1 WO 2013115156 A1 WO2013115156 A1 WO 2013115156A1 JP 2013051836 W JP2013051836 W JP 2013051836W WO 2013115156 A1 WO2013115156 A1 WO 2013115156A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
- B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
- B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/02—Feed or outlet devices therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P70/00—Cleaning of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
- H10P70/80—Cleaning only by supercritical fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0021—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by liquid gases or supercritical fluids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
- F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
- F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P50/00—Etching of wafers, substrates or parts of devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/22—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
- F25J2220/82—Separating low boiling, i.e. more volatile components, e.g. He, H2, CO, Air gases, CH4
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
- F25J2220/80—Separating impurities from carbon dioxide, e.g. H2O or water-soluble contaminants
- F25J2220/84—Separating high boiling, i.e. less volatile components, e.g. NOx, SOx, H2S
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S134/00—Cleaning and liquid contact with solids
- Y10S134/902—Semiconductor wafer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0402—Cleaning, repairing, or assembling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/794—With means for separating solid material from the fluid
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a supply apparatus and a supply method for supplying highly clean fluid carbon dioxide that can be used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process, a liquid crystal display device manufacturing process, and the like.
- a process of processing an object to be processed such as a wafer or a substrate having a fine structure formed on the surface is repeated. Achieving and maintaining a high degree of cleanliness in the object to be processed by removing contaminants attached to the object to be processed is important for maintaining the quality of the final product and improving the production yield.
- a supercritical fluid having characteristics such as low viscosity and low surface tension, in particular, a processing apparatus that performs cleaning and drying using supercritical carbon dioxide has been attracting attention.
- a supercritical fluid has a density close to that of a liquid, but has a low viscosity and a high diffusivity, and behaves like a gas.
- the supercritical fluid is excellent in immersion power and has a property of easily diffusing contaminating components, and is suitable for cleaning an object to be processed having a fine structure on the surface. Further, since the surface tension does not work in the supercritical state, it is possible to perform the drying while preventing the collapse phenomenon due to the capillary force of the fluid remaining on the surface of the object to be processed in the drying process after the cleaning.
- Substances employed as such a supercritical fluid include carbon dioxide, dinitrogen monoxide (N 2 O), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ethane (C 2 H 6 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), and There are CFCs.
- carbon dioxide has the advantage that it is nonflammable and harmless, and that the critical temperature is about 31 ° C. and the critical pressure is about 7.4 MPa, so that it is easy to handle.
- Supercritical carbon dioxide also called supercritical carbon dioxide
- Supercritical carbon dioxide can be obtained by heating liquid carbon dioxide (also called liquefied carbon dioxide) compressed to a critical pressure or higher.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a system for supplying supercritical carbon dioxide while maintaining a high degree of cleanliness.
- carbon dioxide is purified by a circulation process.
- the system described in Patent Document 1 includes a circulation system that constantly circulates purified carbon dioxide, a supply system that supplies supercritical carbon dioxide from the circulation system toward a use point (use point) as necessary, It has.
- the circulation system includes a condenser that liquefies gaseous carbon dioxide and an evaporator / separator that vaporizes liquid carbon dioxide.
- Patent Document 1 When the system shown in Patent Document 1 is industrially implemented, it is desirable to implement a system or a supply method for supplying carbon dioxide with energy saving.
- the inventor of the present application has newly found the following problem with respect to the above-described system for supplying carbon dioxide.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving and efficient fluid carbon dioxide supply device and method.
- This supply device includes a circulation system and a carbon dioxide introduction unit that introduces carbon dioxide as a raw material or a recovered gas into the circulation system.
- the circulatory system has a refining unit that removes impurities and contaminants from carbon dioxide, a storage unit equipped with a condenser that converts gaseous carbon dioxide that has passed through the refining unit into liquid carbon dioxide, and liquid carbon dioxide in the storage unit
- a supply unit including a first pump that supplies the carbon dioxide, and a return line that is supplied from the supply unit and returns excess carbon dioxide that is not used at the use point toward the storage unit.
- the carbon dioxide introduction unit includes a second pump that increases the pressure of carbon dioxide and introduces the carbon dioxide into the circulation system.
- the pressure of gaseous carbon dioxide introduced into the reservoir is preferably, for example, 3 MPa or more and less than the critical pressure.
- a circulation system comprising: a supply unit including a first pump that supplies carbon to a use point; and a return line that is supplied from the supply unit and returns excess carbon dioxide that is not used at the use point toward the storage unit; A carbon dioxide introduction part that introduces carbon dioxide as a raw material or a recovered gas into the circulation system, and the carbon dioxide introduction part increases the pressure of the carbon dioxide as the raw material or the recovery gas to bring the carbon dioxide into the circulation system.
- the present invention relates to a fluid carbon dioxide supply method using a fluid carbon dioxide supply device including a second pump to be introduced.
- the carbon dioxide is pumped by the second pump so that the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide introduced into the reservoir is 3 MPa or more and less than the critical pressure.
- the pressure of the carbon dioxide is increased by the second pump of the carbon dioxide introduction section, and the carbon dioxide is introduced into the circulation system. This increases at least the pressure of carbon dioxide in the condenser.
- the latent heat when changing gaseous carbon dioxide to liquid carbon dioxide decreases with increasing pressure. Therefore, in the supply device and the supply method, energy loss in the condenser can be reduced.
- Patent Document 1 In the system shown in Patent Document 1, there is no consideration of the viewpoint of energy loss in the condenser. In this case, it is only necessary to introduce carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source (cylinder) into the circulation system, and therefore it is not necessary to install a pump for increasing the pressure of carbon dioxide in the introduction section for introducing carbon dioxide. Patent Document 1 does not actually disclose such a pump.
- an energy-saving and efficient fluid carbon dioxide supply device and method can be provided.
- the piping system figure showing the supply apparatus of the highly clean fluid carbon dioxide by one Embodiment of this invention. Carbon dioxide enthalpy diagram.
- FIG. 1 is a piping diagram showing a highly clean fluid carbon dioxide supply device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the supply device 100 supplies purified fluid carbon dioxide, particularly liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide, to a use point (use point) 200 outside the device.
- the supply device 100 uses a purification unit 10 for purifying carbon dioxide, a storage unit 12 for storing the carbon dioxide purified by the purification unit 10 in a liquid state, and a stored liquid carbon dioxide (liquefied carbon dioxide) as a use point 200.
- a supply unit 13 including a pump 25 to be sent to the carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide introduction unit 11 for introducing carbon dioxide as a raw material gas or as a recovery gas from the use point 200 into the storage unit 12 via the purification unit 10. Yes.
- the parts of the supply device 100 will be described in more detail.
- a carbon dioxide tank 14 such as a cold evaporator (CE) or a portable ultra-low temperature container (LGC / ELF) is used.
- CE cold evaporator
- LGC / ELF portable ultra-low temperature container
- what is introduced into the refining unit 10 is not limited to carbon dioxide as a raw material gas, but may be carbon dioxide as a recovered gas used and recovered at the use point 200.
- the carbon dioxide tank 14 and the purification unit 10 are connected via an on-off valve 15, and carbon dioxide is introduced into the purification unit 10.
- a pump 16 for boosting carbon dioxide may be provided in a pipe connecting the carbon dioxide tank 14 and the open / close valve 15. The supply of carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide tank 14 to the purification unit 10 is stopped when the amount of carbon dioxide held in the storage unit 12 becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
- the purification unit 10 includes a filter 17 that filters the introduced carbon dioxide, an evaporator 19 that heats the carbon dioxide that has passed through the filter 17, and a filter 21 that filters the gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out of the evaporator 19. And good. Further, gaseous carbon dioxide flowing out from the filter 21 is supplied to the storage unit 12, and a bypass and a switching valve for sending the gaseous carbon dioxide exiting the filter 17 to the storage unit 12 without passing through the evaporator 19 or the filter 21. (Not shown) may be provided.
- the storage unit 12 is provided at a condenser 22 for liquefying the gaseous carbon dioxide supplied from the purification unit 10, a storage tank 23 for temporarily storing the carbon dioxide liquefied by the condenser 22, and an outlet of the storage tank 23. And a supercooler 24 for supercooling carbon dioxide (liquefied carbon dioxide gas).
- the supply unit 13 includes a pump 25 provided at the outlet of the storage unit 12, that is, the outlet of the supercooler 24.
- the pump 25 pressurizes and delivers liquefied carbon dioxide gas.
- a volumetric pump such as a diaphragm pump or a plunger pump can be used.
- the supply unit 13 is also provided with an opening / closing valve 26 for increasing the pressure of the liquefied carbon dioxide in the storage unit 12 and sending the pressured liquefied carbon dioxide toward the use point 200 such as a semiconductor process chamber.
- Excess liquefied carbon dioxide that is not used at the use point 200 passes through the pressure-holding valve 27 and then passes through a return line 28 provided with a flow rate adjusting valve 68 that adjusts the flow rate of the liquefied carbon dioxide gas to the purification unit 10 or the storage unit 12.
- Sent. A filter 29 that physically removes impurities may be provided in the supply path from the outlet of the pump 25 to the on-off valve 26. This is to prevent the occurrence of dust (fine particles) from the equipment and piping of the supply unit 12 and the pump 25 in the liquefied carbon dioxide gas supplied to the use point 200.
- a plurality of pipes 30 for supplying carbon dioxide to the use point 200 are branched from the supply path between the outlet of the filter 29 and the return line 28.
- An open / close valve 26 is provided in each branched pipe 30.
- the outlet of the on-off valve 26 can be connected to the use point 200 via the filter 31.
- the use point 200 various types that receive the supply of carbon dioxide with high cleanliness can be considered.
- the use point 200 includes a mass flow controller (MFC) 32 connected to the outlet of the filter 31, a filter 33 connected to the outlet of the MFC 32, and a high cleanliness supplied via the filter 33.
- a heater 34 that heats fresh carbon dioxide to supercritical carbon dioxide at a temperature and pressure above the critical point, and a chamber (container) 35 in which supercritical carbon dioxide is supplied and processing such as cleaning and drying of the wafer is performed.
- a pressure holding valve 37 connected to the outlet of the chamber 35 to keep the pressure of carbon dioxide in the use point 200 constant. The carbon dioxide used at the use point 200 is exhausted from the outlet of the pressure holding valve 37.
- liquid carbon dioxide is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the critical temperature in the use point 200 to form supercritical carbon dioxide.
- a heating mechanism may be installed in the supply unit 13 of the supply apparatus 100, and liquid carbon dioxide may be heated by the supply unit 13 to form supercritical carbon dioxide.
- the return line 28 includes branch lines 60, 61, 62 branched into three. These branch lines 60, 61, 62 constitute a part of the return line 28.
- the return line 28 includes valves 63, 64, 65, 66 for selecting which branch line 60, 61, 62 is to return the fluid carbon dioxide.
- the fluid carbon dioxide that has passed through the first branch line 60 is introduced into the evaporator 19 of the purification unit 10.
- the fluid carbon dioxide passing through the second branch line 61 is introduced into the filter 21 of the purification unit 10.
- the storage unit 12, the supply unit 13, the return line 28, and the purification unit 10 (or a part thereof) form a circulation system in which fluid carbon dioxide circulates.
- the fluid carbon dioxide that has passed through the third branch line 62 is introduced into the storage tank 23 of the storage unit 12.
- the storage unit 12 (or part thereof), the supply unit 13 and the return line 28 form a circulation system in which carbon dioxide circulates.
- a filter 67 may be provided on the third branch line 62.
- carbon dioxide is first supplied from the carbon dioxide tank 14 to the purification unit 10 via the open / close valve 15 with the open / close valve 26 connected to the use point 200 closed.
- purification part 10 passes the filter 17, the evaporator 19, and the filter 21 in this order.
- the purified gaseous carbon dioxide is supplied to the storage unit 12, liquefied by the condenser 22, and temporarily stored in the storage tank 23. Liquid carbon dioxide (liquefied carbon dioxide) in the storage tank 23 is supercooled by the supercooler 24, sent to a high pressure by the pump 25, and passes through the filter 29.
- At least a part of the surplus fluid carbon dioxide that is not used at the use point 200 is introduced into the purification unit 10 via the flow rate control valve 68 on the return line 28.
- the case where fluid carbon dioxide passes through the first branch line 60 of the return line 28 will be mainly described.
- the fluid carbon dioxide that has passed through the first branch line 60 is supplied to the evaporator 19 of the purification unit 10.
- a heater is incorporated in the evaporator 19 so that a gas-liquid interface of carbon dioxide is formed in the evaporator 19.
- the liquefied carbon dioxide gas supplied to the evaporator 19 is vaporized, and hardly volatile impurities and particles in the carbon dioxide remain on the liquid phase side.
- purified by vaporizing in the evaporator 19 is sent to the filter 21 for further removing particles with a gaseous state. Thereafter, the purified gaseous carbon dioxide is liquefied again by being cooled in the condenser 22 and returned to the storage tank 23 as liquefied carbon dioxide gas.
- the evaporator 19 is preferably a gas-liquid separator that forms a gas-liquid interface of carbon dioxide therein.
- a more stable and effective purification can be achieved as compared with an evaporator that evaporates all carbon dioxide.
- Heat is applied from the heater to the gas-liquid separator so as to control the liquid level. At this time, since carbon dioxide in the gas-liquid separator is in a gas-liquid equilibrium state, there is no significant change in temperature / pressure even when heat is applied by a heater.
- the carbon dioxide in the circulation system can be kept highly clean by circulating the carbon dioxide in the supply device 100 so as to pass through the purification unit 10 many times.
- the on-off valve 26 is opened to supply liquid carbon dioxide (liquefied carbon dioxide) toward the use point 200. Whether the cleanliness of carbon dioxide has reached a predetermined level can be determined by detecting that the circulation operation has been performed for a predetermined time or longer, or by using a sensor that detects the cleanliness. Good.
- the on-off valve 26 is closed and the supply of carbon dioxide to the use point 200 is stopped. Then, carbon dioxide is supplied from the carbon dioxide tank 14 to the purification unit 10 to replenish carbon dioxide in the storage unit 12. It is preferable to perform a refining process by circulation operation on the replenished carbon dioxide.
- the on-off valve 26 is opened and carbon dioxide is supplied to the use point 200.
- the on-off valve 26 is closed and the supply device 100 is replenished with carbon dioxide.
- surplus carbon dioxide not used at the use point 200 is sent to the purification unit 10.
- a part of the carbon dioxide may be directly returned to the storage unit 12 by the third branch line 62 of the return line 28.
- the excess carbon dioxide may be introduced into the storage tank 23 as it is. If excess carbon dioxide is in a gaseous state, excess carbon dioxide may be introduced into the condenser 22.
- liquid carbon dioxide and gaseous carbon dioxide are mixed, and the carbon dioxide may be in a gas-liquid equilibrium state. This equilibrium state is determined by the temperature or pressure of carbon dioxide (see FIG. 2).
- FIG. 2 is an enthalpy diagram of carbon dioxide.
- the vertical axis represents carbon dioxide pressure
- the horizontal axis represents enthalpy.
- a straight line parallel to the vertical axis is an isoenthalpy line
- a straight line parallel to the horizontal axis is an isobaric line.
- a solid liquid line, a saturated vapor line, and a saturated solid line are shown by a solid line.
- a dotted line shows an isothermal line.
- the temperature in the vapor-liquid equilibrium state is uniquely determined. Conversely, at a certain temperature, the pressure in the vapor-liquid equilibrium state is uniquely determined.
- latent heat is defined by the difference between the enthalpy on the saturated vapor line and the enthalpy on the saturated liquid line at a certain pressure (or a certain temperature).
- the latent heat of carbon dioxide at 2 MPa is about 280 kJ / kg, and the latent heat of carbon dioxide at 4 MPa is about 220 kJ / kg. As shown in FIG. 2, the latent heat of carbon dioxide decreases as the pressure increases.
- Patent Document 1 In the system shown in Patent Document 1, the viewpoint of energy loss in the condenser is not considered. In this case, it is only necessary to introduce carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide source (cylinder) into the circulation system, and therefore it is not necessary to install a pump for increasing the pressure of carbon dioxide in the introduction section for introducing carbon dioxide. In fact, Patent Document 1 does not disclose such a pump. In order to increase the flow rate of carbon dioxide supplied into the circulation system, a booster pump that does not significantly change the pressure may be installed. If the pressure of carbon dioxide is small, the pressure resistance of the pipe or container may be low, and the wall thickness of the pipe or container may be small. Therefore, the initial cost of the system is low. From this point of view, in the prior art, a pump for boosting carbon dioxide is not provided in the carbon dioxide introduction part that introduces carbon dioxide into the circulation system.
- a pump 15 for increasing the pressure of carbon dioxide is installed in the carbon dioxide introduction section 11, and the pressure in the condenser 22 and / or the evaporator 19 is increased, so that the energy accompanying the change in the state of carbon dioxide is increased. Loss can be reduced. Thereby, the running cost of the supply apparatus 100 can be reduced.
- CE or LGC ELF
- the pressure of carbon dioxide in a container such as CE or LGC (ELF) is usually about 2 MPa.
- the temperature of carbon dioxide in the gas-liquid mixed state is ⁇ 20 ° C. Therefore, the condenser 22 requires a cooling mechanism that cools carbon dioxide with a cooler refrigerant. This reduces the efficiency of the condenser 22 and wastes energy.
- the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide introduced into the storage unit 12 is 3 MPa or more and less than the critical pressure of the critical point in the supercritical state (see the symbol CP in FIG. 2).
- the energy loss accompanying the state change of a carbon dioxide can be reduced.
- an energy-saving and efficient fluid carbon dioxide supply device and method can be provided.
- the pump 16 pumps carbon dioxide so that the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide introduced into the storage unit 12 is 4 MPa or more. Thereby, the latent heat accompanying a state change of a carbon dioxide between a liquid and gas can further be reduced, and the loss of energy can be reduced.
- the temperature of the vapor-liquid equilibrium state is about 5 ° C. at 4 MPa (see FIG. 2). Therefore, there is an advantage that the cooling efficiency of the condenser 22 is increased. In particular, since water can be used as a refrigerant for cooling carbon dioxide, the running cost of the supply device 100 can be further reduced. In this case, the condenser 22 only needs to have a mechanism for cooling gaseous carbon dioxide with cooling water, for example, a cooling water pipe 59.
- the pump 25 of the carbon dioxide introduction unit 11 pumps carbon dioxide so that the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide introduced into the storage unit 12 is 6 MPa or less.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
200 ユースポイント
10 精製部
11 二酸化炭素導入部
12 貯留部
13 供給部
14 二酸化炭素タンク
15 開閉弁
16 ポンプ
17,21,29,31,33 フィルタ
19 蒸発器
22 凝縮器
23 貯槽
24 過冷却器
25 ポンプ
26 開閉弁
27,37 保圧弁
28 返送ライン
59 冷却水配管
60 第1の分岐ライン
61 第2の分岐ライン
62 第3の分岐ライン
63,64,65,66 弁
68 流量調節弁
Claims (12)
- 二酸化炭素から不純物および汚染物を除去する精製部と、前記精製部を経た気体二酸化炭素を液体二酸化炭素へ変化させる凝縮器を備えた貯留部と、前記貯留部の液体二酸化炭素をユースポイントへ供給する第1のポンプを備えた供給部と、前記供給部から供給されて前記ユースポイントで使用しない余剰の二酸化炭素を前記貯留部へ向けて戻す返送ラインと、を備えた循環系と、
原料又は回収ガスとしての二酸化炭素を前記循環系に導入する二酸化炭素導入部と、を備え、
前記二酸化炭素導入部は、前記原料又は回収ガスとしての二酸化炭素の圧力を増大させて該二酸化炭素を前記循環系に導入する第2のポンプを備えている、流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。 - 前記第2のポンプは、前記貯留部に導入される気体二酸化炭素の圧力が3MPa以上且つ臨界圧力未満となるように、二酸化炭素を圧送する、請求項1に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 前記第2のポンプは、前記貯留部に導入される気体二酸化炭素の圧力が4MPa以上になるように二酸化炭素を圧送する、請求項2に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 前記凝縮器は、冷却水により気体二酸化炭素を冷却する機構を有する、請求項3に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 前記精製部は、二酸化炭素を気化させる蒸発器を備えている、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 前記精製部は、前記蒸発器の後段に配置され、気相の二酸化炭素をろ過するフィルタを備えている、請求項5に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 前記蒸発器は、内部に二酸化炭素の気液界面を形成する気液分離器である、請求項5または6に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給装置。
- 二酸化炭素から不純物および汚染物を除去する精製部と、前記精製部を経た気体二酸化炭素を液体二酸化炭素へ変化させる凝縮器を備えた貯留部と、前記貯留部の液体二酸化炭素をユースポイントへ供給する第1のポンプを備えた供給部と、前記供給部から供給されて前記ユースポイントで使用しない余剰の二酸化炭素を前記貯留部へ向けて戻す返送ラインと、を備えた循環系と、
原料又は回収ガスとしての二酸化炭素を前記循環系に導入する二酸化炭素導入部と、を備え、
前記二酸化炭素導入部は、前記原料又は回収ガスとしての二酸化炭素の圧力を増大させて該二酸化炭素を前記循環系に導入する第2のポンプを備えている流体二酸化炭素の供給装置を用いた流体二酸化炭素の供給方法であって、
前記第2のポンプにより、前記貯留部に導入される気体二酸化炭素の圧力が3MPa以上且つ臨界圧力未満となるように二酸化炭素を圧送する、流体二酸化炭素の供給方法。 - 前記貯留部に導入される気体二酸化炭素の圧力が4MPa以上になるように、二酸化炭素を圧送する、請求項8に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給方法。
- 前記凝縮器内で、冷却水により気体二酸化炭素を冷却し液体二酸化炭素に変化させる、請求項9に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給方法。
- 前記精製部で二酸化炭素を気化させる、請求項8から10のいずれか1項に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給方法。
- 前記凝縮器に気体二酸化炭素を導入する前に、前記精製部において気化させた二酸化炭素をろ過する、請求項11に記載の流体二酸化炭素の供給方法。
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| US14/376,102 US9887079B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-01-29 | Supply apparatus and supply method for supplying fluid carbon dioxide |
| CN201380006504.8A CN104105540B (zh) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-01-29 | 流体二氧化碳的供给装置及供给方法 |
| KR1020147024275A KR101619007B1 (ko) | 2012-02-02 | 2013-01-29 | 유체 이산화탄소의 공급 장치 및 공급 방법 |
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| KR (1) | KR101619007B1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP5912596B2 (ja) | 2016-04-27 |
| TW201345596A (zh) | 2013-11-16 |
| CN104105540B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
| KR101619007B1 (ko) | 2016-05-09 |
| TWI558450B (zh) | 2016-11-21 |
| CN104105540A (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
| US9887079B2 (en) | 2018-02-06 |
| JP2013159501A (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
| KR20140122259A (ko) | 2014-10-17 |
| US20150075636A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
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