WO2013110223A1 - 支撑系统及具有该支撑系统的工程机械 - Google Patents

支撑系统及具有该支撑系统的工程机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013110223A1
WO2013110223A1 PCT/CN2012/074042 CN2012074042W WO2013110223A1 WO 2013110223 A1 WO2013110223 A1 WO 2013110223A1 CN 2012074042 W CN2012074042 W CN 2012074042W WO 2013110223 A1 WO2013110223 A1 WO 2013110223A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leg
support
legs
construction machine
support system
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PCT/CN2012/074042
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
易小刚
刘志斌
陈鼎星
Original Assignee
湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重工股份有限公司
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Application filed by 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司, 三一重工股份有限公司 filed Critical 湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
Publication of WO2013110223A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013110223A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/78—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes
    • B66C23/80—Supports, e.g. outriggers, for mobile cranes hydraulically actuated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear
    • B66C23/90—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B66C23/905—Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a support system.
  • the invention also relates to a construction machine having the above described support system.
  • Construction machinery usually has a chassis system, including a chassis and a support system, to support the whole vehicle, the whole vehicle and other functions, and the support function is mainly the support system of the chassis system.
  • the supporting device In the case of a concrete pump truck, the supporting device generally comprises four legs on the chassis. During operation, the two legs extend forward and the other two legs extend rearward.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the legs of the concrete pump truck in the prior art. The figure also shows the relationship between the polygon formed by the connecting points of the support points of the legs and the stability of the vehicle body.
  • the leg system of the concrete pump truck is provided with a first front leg 11 and a second front leg 12, and a first rear leg 13 and a second rear leg 14, the unfolded form of the leg arm of the leg and the deployment angle
  • the length can be adjusted to maintain the stability of the vehicle.
  • the design of the concrete pump truck requires a reasonable structural form, sufficient structural mechanical properties and effective support range to ensure its bearing capacity and vehicle stability. .
  • the four leg arms When support is required, the four leg arms are extended, and after reaching the required length, the cylinder extends and is supported on the ground.
  • the four leg arms are generally deployed in the form of two front legs X and two rear legs; two front legs X and two rear legs H; two rear legs X and two front legs Swing; two front legs V-shaped, two rear legs swinging type.
  • the two front legs shown in Figure 1 are V-shaped and can be extended and retracted.
  • the two rear legs can be swung to drive the legs to the appropriate position for stability.
  • the concrete pump truck generally has four-point support (four legs).
  • the center of gravity of the vehicle must be within the quadrilateral support surface formed by the connection of the four leg support points ( The quadrilateral support surface is a safe area) to prevent the car body from tipping over.
  • the quadrilateral support surface is a safe area
  • the minimum distance between the sides of the quadrilateral and the center of the center of gravity should be greater than zero.
  • the minimum distances R1T1, R2T2, R3T3, and R4T4 of the sides of the quadrilateral and the circumference of the center of gravity should be greater than zero.
  • the concrete pump truck of the structure has the following technical problems: Generally, the longer the boom of the concrete pump truck, the longer the corresponding chassis, and the corresponding area of the center of gravity is increased, so as to ensure the stability of the whole vehicle, The leg arms must be longer to ensure that the shortest distance from the adjacent support point to the circumference of the center of gravity circle is maintained within a predetermined safe range.
  • the length of the leg extension is too long, it takes up a large area of the site. In the case where the space of the space is limited, the pump truck is not easy to operate; in addition, the excessively long leg arm inevitably leads to an increase in production cost.
  • the legs are generally located at the head of the chassis, that is, the front and rear legs are all concentrated on the head of the chassis. Due to the extension of the leg arm, under the action of gravity, there must be an upturn phenomenon (the gap between the outer arm and the inner arm of the telescopic arm). If the length of the chassis is long, under the weight of the chassis, it is located at the head of the chassis. It is difficult for the legs to ensure that the tail of the chassis is effectively supported, so that it is difficult to ensure the height of the chassis from the ground.
  • the present invention provides a support system for a construction machine, comprising: a first leg, a second leg, a third leg and a fourth leg provided on the construction machine, the characteristics thereof
  • the additional leg is disposed between the third leg and the fourth leg; the minimum distance connecting the support points of the third leg and the fourth leg to the circumference of the center of gravity of the engineering machine is smaller than the third branch
  • the minimum distance between the legs, the fourth leg, and the adjacent leg support points of the additional legs to the circumference of the center of gravity of the engineering machine.
  • the first leg and the second leg are disposed at a front portion of the construction machine, and the third leg and the fourth leg are disposed at a rear portion of the construction machine.
  • the number of the additional legs is two.
  • the construction machine comprises a chassis and a fixed turret provided on the head of the chassis, wherein the first leg and the second leg are disposed on a side of the fixed turret near the front side, the third leg and the fourth leg The legs are disposed on the fixed turret near the rear side of the vehicle, and the additional legs are disposed on the chassis of the construction machine The tail.
  • the two additional legs are support cylinders provided at the tail of the chassis.
  • the support system comprises a beam connected to the tail of the chassis, the beam extending in the width direction of the engineering machine, and the additional legs are respectively connected at both ends of the beam.
  • the support system comprises a beam connected to the tail of the chassis, the beam extends in the width direction of the engineering machine, and the beam is a box-shaped structure; the additional legs include a leg arm and a leg end The support legs of the two legs; the leg arms of the two additional legs are nested in the beam, and the leg arms of the two additional legs are oppositely extended and contracted within the beam.
  • the telescopic axes of the leg arms of the two additional legs are staggered.
  • additional legs are arranged between the third leg and the fourth leg, and the length of each leg can be effectively utilized under the premise of ensuring bearing capacity and stability, and compared with the present According to the technology, due to the arrangement of the additional legs, the maximum distance between the support points of the adjacent legs and the circumference of the center of gravity is increased in the third leg, the fourth leg, and the additional leg, thereby improving the prevention of the whole vehicle. Tilting ability and support ability.
  • the present invention also provides a construction machine having a chassis and a support system, the support system being the support system of any of the above.
  • the construction machine having the supporting system has the same technical effect.
  • the construction machine is a concrete pump and a crane.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the legs of a concrete pump truck in the prior art, and the figure also shows the relationship between the support points of the support points of the legs and the stability of the vehicle body;
  • FIG. 2 is a structural tube diagram of a first embodiment of a support system applied to a construction machine according to the present invention, the figure is viewed from a head of the chassis;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 2 taken from the rear of the chassis;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical analysis of Figure 2; 6 is a mechanical analysis schematic diagram of the force of the third leg and the fourth leg in FIG. 2 after shortening the length;
  • FIG. 7 is a structural tube diagram of the second embodiment of the support system applied to the construction machine according to the present invention; , the figure is taken from the head of the chassis;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure of Figure 7 taken from the rear of the chassis;
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of Figure 7;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical analysis of Figure 7;
  • Figure 11 is a structural view of a third embodiment of the support system applied to the construction machine according to the present invention, which is viewed from the head of the chassis;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the chassis at the perspective of the tail;
  • Figure 13 is a plan view of Figure 11;
  • Figure 14 is a structural view of a fourth embodiment of the support system applied to the construction machine of the present invention.
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a support system that can support the vehicle more stably.
  • Another core of the invention is to provide a construction machine having the above described support system.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a first embodiment of a support system applied to a construction machine according to the present invention, which is viewed from the head of the chassis;
  • FIG. 3 is a view of FIG. A schematic view of the rear end of the chassis as a view;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG.
  • the supporting leg of the engineering machinery supporting system comprises a first leg 21 and a second leg 22 disposed at the front portion, and a third leg 23 and a fourth leg 24 disposed at the rear portion for more stable Supporting, the first leg 21 and the second leg 22 are distributed on both sides of the central axis of the chassis 2, and the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 are distributed on both sides of the central axis of the chassis 2; the four legs each include a leg An arm, and a support cylinder at the end of the leg arm; in addition, two additional legs are provided at the rear of the construction machine, such as the first additional leg 25 and the second additional leg 26 as shown in FIG. And the first additional leg 25 and the second additional leg 26 are distributed on both sides of the central axis of the chassis 2, that is, the support system has a total of six legs.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical analysis of Fig. 2.
  • the chassis system is a six-point support, and the six leg support points are sequentially connected to form a hexagonal support surface, and the third leg 23, fourth The support points of the legs 24, the first additional legs 25, and the second additional legs 26 are A, D, C, B in sequence.
  • the support points of the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 are connected to
  • the minimum distance of the center circle of the center of gravity of the construction machinery is less than the minimum distance from the support point of the adjacent two legs in the rear legs of the construction machine to the circumference of the center of gravity circle, ie 02M ⁇ 02N, 02M ⁇ 01P, 02M ⁇ 03Q, compared
  • 02M is equivalent to R3T3 in Fig. 1
  • the shortest distance from the adjacent support point of the leg at the rear of the vehicle body to the circumference of the center of gravity circle is increased, and the stability is improved. Comparing Fig.
  • the hexagon has an area larger than the hatched portion S1 (the area of the quadrilateral ABCD). Therefore, even if the center of gravity of the vehicle is increased, the position of the leg can be adjusted without increasing the length of the leg, and the center of gravity can be made to fall within the hexagonal support surface. Then the technical solution can improve the anti-rollover capability of the whole vehicle.
  • the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 of FIG. 6 are shortened by a certain length, and the shortest distance from the circumference of the center of gravity to the support point is ensured to be greater than zero, thereby reducing the production cost and ensuring each.
  • the strength and stability of the leg arm (the leg arm is too long, the bending moment is large, the upturn is also aggravated), and the shortening of the leg arm also reduces the weight of the whole vehicle and also reduces the fuel consumption.
  • the difference in span between the legs can be made as small as possible.
  • the third leg 23 is The distance between the first leg 21 is d2, and the distance between the first additional leg 25 and the fourth leg 24 at the tail of the chassis 2 is d3. Then, since the lengths of the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 are short, the operation of the vehicle does not require occupying a large area, and the stability of the whole vehicle can be maintained, so that the construction machine having the chassis system can be limited. The operation in the space meets the construction needs of small sites, making the application of construction machinery more extensive.
  • first leg 21 and the second leg 22 may be disposed on a side of the construction machinery fixed turret near the front end, and the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 are disposed on the fixed turret close to the vehicle.
  • a first additional leg 25 and a second additional leg 26 are provided at the rear of the chassis 2, as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
  • the additional legs are arranged at the tail of the chassis 2 to improve the stability of the support of the entire chassis 2, to avoid the influence of the upswing of the head legs of the chassis 2 on the rear support of the chassis 2, and to ensure the overall separation of the chassis during operation. Ground height.
  • the support system is a five-point support.
  • the number of additional legs is preferably two or four, that is, in pairs, so that the rear legs of the vehicle body are Arranged in a symmetrical structure to make the support more stable. It is conceivable that the more the number of legs provided at the rear, the greater the length of the legs, the larger the support surface area formed by each leg (or the same stability, the length of each leg can be more Short), of course, due to the weight limitation of the whole vehicle, it is an ideal solution to set two additional legs.
  • first additional leg 25 and the second additional leg 26 shown in FIG. 2 are two supporting cylinders disposed directly below the tail of the chassis, the leg arrangement utilising the length of the chassis 2, and the chassis 2
  • the four legs of the head form a polygonal area with a larger area; moreover, the support cylinder is directly supported at the tail of the chassis 2, and there is no need to provide a leg arm, which can reduce the production while improving stability while improving the production. Cost, at the same time, there will be no upturn.
  • leg arm at the tail of the chassis 2, and the end of the leg arm is provided with a supporting cylinder, that is, in conformity with the structure of the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 of the chassis head, and the present invention can also be realized.
  • the two additional legs are directly located at the end of the chassis 2 as a more optimized solution.
  • FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of a second embodiment of the support system applied to the construction machine according to the present invention, which is viewed from the head of the chassis;
  • FIG. 9 is a top view of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the mechanical analysis of FIG.
  • the tail portion of the chassis 2 is provided with a beam 27 extending in the width direction of the vehicle body, and the beam 27 is a beam body disposed perpendicular to the axis of the chassis 2, and the two supporting cylinders are respectively located at both ends of the beam 27.
  • the distance between the two additional legs of the tail of the structural chassis 2 is lengthened.
  • the hexagonal area formed by the six-point support of the technical solution can be seen.
  • the area of the shaded portion S2 is increased, and the shortest distance from the circumference of the center of gravity to the support point of the leg at the rear is lengthened, thereby further improving the stability of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of a support system provided by the present invention applied to a construction machine
  • FIG. 12 is a structural view of the chassis of FIG. 11
  • FIG. 13 is a top view of FIG.
  • the beam 27 is a box structure
  • the first additional leg 25 has a first leg arm 281 and a support arm at the end of the first leg arm 281.
  • the second additional leg 26 has a second leg arm 282 and a support arm at the end of the second leg arm 282.
  • the first leg arm 281 and the second leg arm 282 are nested within the beam 27 and are retractable relative to the beam 27, i.e., the legs are telescopically opposite.
  • the two supporting legs (ie, the supporting cylinders) at the tail of the chassis 2 can be supported on the ground after the first leg arms 281 and the second leg arms 282 extend a certain distance to further increase the six-point support formation.
  • the polygonal area can be retracted when the vehicle is driving. It can be seen from the above analysis that the longer the distance between the two additional legs at the tail of the chassis 2, the larger the hexagonal area formed, and the higher the stability of the vehicle.
  • the beneficial effect can be obtained by lengthening the length of the beam 27.
  • the length of the beam 27 must not exceed the width of the entire vehicle, and the distance between the two additional legs is limited.
  • the leg arms of the two additional legs are in the form of telescopic arms, which can simultaneously satisfy the requirements for improving the stability of the support and the width requirement during driving. Further, the telescopic axes of the two leg arms can be staggered, and the extension of the two leg arms is greater when the length of the beam 27 is constant.
  • each leg can be varied.
  • the two front legs are arranged in an X-shape, and the two rear legs (the third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24) of the chassis head are hinged to the chassis 2, and are arranged in an oscillating manner;
  • the two front legs and the two rear legs of the chassis head are both X-shaped; in Figure 11, the two front legs are X-shaped, the two rear legs of the chassis head are swing-type, and the two rear legs are H-type arrangement; reference can also be made to FIG. 14, which is a structural tube diagram of a fourth embodiment of the support system applied to the construction machine according to the present invention.
  • the two front legs and the two rear legs are swinged. type. It is also possible to make other combinations of deformations according to actual needs, and the object of the present invention can be achieved.
  • first leg 21 and the second leg 22 are disposed at the front portion
  • third leg 23 and the fourth leg 24 are disposed at the rear portion
  • additional leg is disposed at the third portion.
  • the additional leg may be provided between the two front legs or between the front leg and the rear leg to achieve the object of the present invention.
  • the present invention also provides a construction machine having a support system and a bottom
  • the support system is the support system described in any of the above embodiments. Since the above-mentioned support system has the above technical effects, the construction machine having the support system also has the same technical effect, and will not be described herein.
  • the construction machine may be a concrete pump truck, a crane, or the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种工程机械的支撑系统与包括该支撑系统的工程机械，该支撑系统包括设于工程机械的第一支腿（21）、第二支腿（22）、第三支腿(23）和第四支腿（24），在第三支腿（23）与第四支腿（24）之间设置附加支腿（25、26）；第三支腿（23）与第四支腿（24）的支撑点的连线至工程机械重心圆圆周的最小距离，小于第三支腿（23）、第四支腿（24）、附加支腿（25、26）中相邻两支腿支撑点的连线至工程机械重心圆圆周的最小距离。附加支腿（25、26）的设置提高了整车的防倾翻能力和支撑能力；同时，支腿长度减小时，无需占用较大面积的场地，也可保持与现有支撑系统相同的稳定性，从而使得具有该支撑系统的工程机械能够应用于有限的空间，满足狭小场地施工需求。

Description

支撑系统及具有该支撑系统的工程积减 本申请要求于 2012 年 01 月 29 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210020447.6、 发明名称为"支撑系统及具有该支撑系统的工程机械"的 中国专利申请的优先权， 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械技术领域， 特别涉及一种支撑系统。 本发明还涉 及一种具有上述支撑系统的工程机械。
背景技术
工程机械通常具有底盘系统， 包括底盘和支撑系统， 用以支撑整车、 整车行驶等功能， 实现支撑作用的主要是底盘系统的支撑系统。 以混凝土 泵车为例， 其支撑装置一般包括位于底盘的四个支腿， 作业时， 两支腿向 前伸出， 另两支腿向后伸出。
请参考图 1 , 图 1为现有技术中混凝土泵车支腿的分布示意图， 该图 还示出了支腿支撑点连线形成的多边形与车体稳定性的关系。
混凝土泵车的支腿系统设有第一前支腿 11和第二前支腿 12, 以及第 一后支腿 13和第二后支腿 14, 支腿的支腿臂的展开形式以及展开角度、 长度均可以调整， 以保持整车的稳定性， 混凝土泵车的设计中要求支腿具 有合理的结构形式、 足够的结构力学性能和有效的支撑范围， 以保证其承 载能力和整车稳定性。
需要支撑时， 四个支腿臂伸长， 达到所需长度后， 油缸伸出， 支撑于 地面。 四个支腿臂的展开形式一般有： 两前支腿 X型、 两后支腿摆动型； 两前支腿 X型、 两后支腿 H型； 两后支腿 X型、 两前支腿摆动； 两前支 腿 V型、 两后支腿摆动型等。 图 1所示的两前支腿 V型， 可以伸缩， 两后 支腿可以摆动，从而带动支腿运行至合适的位置处支撑， 满足稳定性要求。
现有技术中，混凝土泵车一般为四点支撑（四条支腿），依照力学原理， 作业时， 必须保证整车重心圓落于四个支腿支撑点连线所形成的四边形支 撑面内 （四边形支撑面为安全区域）， 方能有效防止车体的倾翻， 为此， 四 边形各边与重心圓圓周的最小距离均应大于零。 图 1中， 四边形各边与重 心圓圓周的最小距离 R1T1、 R2T2、 R3T3、 R4T4 均应大于零， 当上述最 小距离等于零的状态为稳定和倾翻的临界状态， 且该最短距离参数越大， 其支撑稳定性越好。 但该结构的混凝土泵车存在下述技术问题： 一般地， 混凝土泵车的臂架越长， 其对应的底盘也较长， 相应的重心圓面积增大， 为保证整车稳定性， 则支腿臂必须更长， 才能保证相邻支撑点连线至重心 圓圓周最短距离保持在预定的安全范围之内。 然而， 支腿伸出长度过长时， 需占用较大面积的场地， 在场地空间有限的情况下， 泵车不易于操作； 此 夕卜， 过长的支腿臂必然导致生产成本的增加， 而且为了保证过长的支腿臂 的强度和抗弯能力， 需加大支腿臂横截面积， 从而进一步增加了整车重量 和生产成本。
此外， 支腿一般设于底盘的头部， 即前支腿和后支腿全部集中于底盘 的头部。 由于支腿臂伸出时， 在重力作用下， 必然存在上翘现象（伸缩臂 的外臂和内臂之间具有间隙）， 若底盘长度较长， 在底盘自重作用下， 位于 底盘头部的支腿难以保证底盘尾部被有效撑起， 从而难以保证底盘的离地 高度。
有鉴于此，如何改进支撑系统的支腿结构，使其更为稳定地支撑整车， 是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种支撑系统， 可以更为稳定地支撑整车。 本发 明的另一目的是提供一种具有上述支撑系统的工程机械。
为达到本发明的第一目的， 本发明提供一种工程机械的支撑系统， 包 括设于所述工程机械的第一支腿、 第二支腿、 第三支腿和第四支腿， 其特 征在于， 在第三支腿、 第四支腿之间设置附加支腿； 第三支腿、 第四支腿 的支撑点的连线至所述工程机械重心圓圓周的最小距离， 小于第三支腿、 第四支腿、 附加支腿中相邻两支腿支撑点的连线至所述工程机械重心圓圓 周的最小距离。
优选的， 所述第一支腿、 第二支腿设于所述工程机械的前部， 所述第 三支腿、 第四支腿设于所述工程机械的后部。
优选的， 所述附加支腿的数目为两个。
优选的， 所述工程机械包括底盘和设于底盘头部的固定转塔， 所述第 一支腿、 所述第二支腿设于固定转塔靠近车头一侧， 第三支腿、 第四支腿 设于固定转塔上靠近车尾一侧， 两所述附加支腿设于所述工程机械的底盘 的尾部。
优选的， 两所述附加支腿均为设于底盘尾部的支撑油缸。
优选的， 所述支撑系统包括连接在底盘尾部的横梁， 横梁沿工程机械 的宽度方向延伸， 两所述附加支腿分别连接在所述横梁的两端。
优选的， 所述支撑系统包括连接在底盘尾部的横梁， 横梁沿工程机械 的宽度方向延伸， 且所述横梁为箱形结构； 两所述附加支腿包括支腿臂和 设于支腿臂端部的支撑腿；两所述附加支腿的支腿臂均嵌套于所述横梁中， 且两所述附加支腿的支腿臂在所述横梁内相向伸缩。
优选的， 两所述附加支腿的支腿臂的伸缩轴线相错开。
本发明中的支撑系统中第三支腿、 第四支腿之间设置有附加支腿， 在 保证承载能力和稳定性的前提下， 各支腿的长度可以得到有效利用， 而且 相较于现有技术， 由于附加支腿的设置， 第三支腿、 第四支腿、 附加支腿 中， 相邻两支腿支撑点连线至重心圓圓周的最大距离增加， 故而提高了整 车的防倾翻能力和支撑能力。 另一方面， 在工程机械第三支腿、 第四支腿 长度减小时， 无需占用较大面积的场地， 也可以保持与现有技术相同的稳 定性， 从而使具有该支撑系统的工程机械能够于有限的空间内作业， 满足 狭小场地的施工需求， 使工程机械的应用范围更为广泛。
为达到本发明的另一目的， 本发明还提供一种工程机械， 具有底盘和 支撑系统， 所述支撑系统为上述任一项所述的支撑系统。
由于上述支撑系统具有上述技术效果， 具有该支撑系统的工程机械具 有相同技术效果。
优选地， 所述工程机械为混凝土输送泵、 起重机。
附图说明
图 1为现有技术中混凝土泵车支腿的分布示意图， 该图还示出了支腿 支撑点连线与车体稳定性的关系；
图 2为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中第一种具体实施方式 的结构筒图， 该图以底盘的头部为视角；
图 3为图 2中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图；
图 4为图 2的俯视图；
图 5为图 2的力学分析原理图； 图 6为图 2中第三支腿、第四支腿长度缩短后受力的力学分析原理图； 图 7为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中第二种具体实施方式 的结构筒图， 该图以底盘的头部为视角；
图 8为图 7中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图；
图 9为图 7的俯视图；
图 10为图 7的力学分析原理图；
图 11 为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中第三种具体实施方 式的结构筒图， 该图以底盘的头部为视角；
图 12为图 11中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图；
图 13为图 11的俯视图；
图 14 为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中第四种具体实施方 式的结构筒图。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心为提供一种支撑系统， 可以更为稳定地支撑整车。 本发 明的另一核心是提供一种具有上述支撑系统的工程机械。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案， 下面结合附 图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图 2至图 4, 图 2为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中 第一种具体实施方式的结构筒图， 该图以底盘的头部为视角； 图 3为图 2 中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图； 图 4为图 2的俯视图。
本发明提供工程机械支撑系统中支腿包括设于前部的第一支腿 21、 第 二支腿 22,设于后部的第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24, 为了更为稳定地支撑， 第一支腿 21与第二支腿 22分布在底盘 2中轴线两侧，第三支腿 23与第四 支腿 24分布在底盘 2中轴线两侧； 四个支腿均包括支腿臂， 并在支腿臂的 端部设有支撑油缸； 另外， 在工程机械后部还设置两条附加支腿， 如图 2 中所示的第一附加支腿 25和第二附加支腿 26 , 且第一附加支腿 25与第二 附加支腿 26分布在底盘 2中轴线两侧， 即支撑系统共设置了六条支腿。
请结合图 5进一步理解， 图 5为图 2的力学分析原理图。
由于设置在工程机械后部的支腿还包括两条附加支腿， 底盘系统为六 点支撑， 六个支腿支撑点依次连线形成六边形支撑面， 第三支腿 23、 第四 支腿 24、 第一附加支腿 25、 第二附加支腿 26的支撑点依次为 A、 D、 C、 B。 相较于现有技术中的四点支撑， 在两前支腿和底盘后部两后支腿长度 和位置不变的情况下， 第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24支撑点连线至工程机械 重心圓圓周的最小距离， 小于工程机械后部各支腿中相邻两支腿支撑点连 线至重心圓圓周的最小距离， 即 02M<02N、 02M<01P、 02M<03Q, 相 较于现有技术（02M相当于图 1中的 R3T3 ), 加大了车体后部的支腿的相 邻支撑点连线至重心圓圓周的最短距离， 稳定性得以提高。 对比图 1和图 5, 可以看出六边形比四边形多出阴影部分 S1的面积（四边形 ABCD的面 积）。 因此， 即使整车重心圓面积增大后， 在不增加支腿长度的前提下调节 支腿位置， 仍可以使得重心圓落于该六边形支撑面内。 则本技术方案可以 提高整车的防倾翻能力。
从另一方面分析， 若保证整车稳定性不变， 相对于现有技术的四点支 撑， 六点支撑时， 支腿臂的长度可以缩短， 请参考图 6, 图 6为图 2中第 三支腿 23、 第四支腿 24缩短后受力的力学分析原理图。
参照图 6和图 1可知， 图 6的第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24缩短一定长 度， 也可以保证重心圓圓周至支撑点连线的最短距离大于零， 从而降低生 产成本， 保证各支腿臂的强度和稳定性（支腿臂过长， 其承受的弯矩较大， 上翘现象也加剧）， 而且， 支腿臂的缩短同时也降低了整车重量， 还可以降 低油耗。 布置支腿时， 可以使各支腿之间的跨距差值尽量小， 图 6中所示 的第一支腿 21与第二支腿 22之间的距离为 dl、 第三支腿 23与第一支腿 21之间的距离为 d2、底盘 2尾部第一附加支腿 25与第四支腿 24的距离为 d3。 则， 由于第三支腿 23、 第四支腿 24的长度较短， 作业时， 无需占用 较大面积的场地， 也可以保持整车的稳定， 从而使具有该底盘系统的工程 机械能够于有限的空间内作业， 满足狭小场地的施工需求， 使工程机械的 应用范围更为广泛。
进一步地， 第一支腿 21、 第二支腿 22均可以设于工程机械固定转塔 上靠近车头的一侧， 第三支腿 23、 第四支腿 24均设置于固定转塔靠近于 车尾的一侧， 此外， 第一附加支腿 25和第二附加支腿 26设于底盘 2的尾 部， 如图 2、 3、 4所示。 设有回转中心的工程机械， 其回转中心通常设于 底盘 2的头部， 整车的重心偏于头部， 支腿位于底盘 2的头部有助于提高 整车的稳定性，而本发明中底盘 2的尾部还设有第一附加支腿 25和第二附 加支腿 24。 则图 2中将附加支腿设于底盘 2的尾部有助于提高整个底盘 2 的支撑稳定性， 避免底盘 2头部支腿上翘对底盘 2尾部支撑的影响， 保证 作业时底盘整体的离地高度。
针对上述实施例， 也可以仅设置一条附加支腿， 则支撑系统为五点支 撑， 当然， 附加支腿的数目优选为两个、 四个， 即成对设置， 使得车体后 部支腿的布置为对称结构， 使得支撑更为稳定。 可以想到， 设于后部的支 腿的数目越多， 支腿长度一定的情况下， 各支腿形成的支撑面面积最大， (或在相同的稳定性情况下， 各支腿的长度可以越短）， 当然， 由于整车重 量的限制， 故设置两附加支腿为较为理想的方案。
进一步地， 图 2所示的第一附加支腿 25和第二附加支腿 26为直接设 置于底盘尾部下方的两支撑油缸， 该种支腿布置方式充分利用了底盘 2的 长度， 和底盘 2头部的四个支腿形成面积较大的多边形； 而且， 支撑油缸 直接支撑于底盘 2的尾部， 无需设置支腿臂， 相较于现有技术， 在提高稳 定性的同时， 还可以降低生产成本， 同时， 也不会出现上翘现象。 当然， 也可以于底盘 2的尾部设置支腿臂， 支腿臂的末端设置支撑油缸， 即与底 盘头部的第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24的结构一致， 也可以实现本发明的目 的，但基于上述分析， 两附加支腿直接位于底盘 2尾部为较为优化的方案。
请参考图 7至图 10, 图 7为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中 第二种具体实施方式的结构筒图， 该图以底盘的头部为视角； 图 8为图 7 中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图； 图 9为图 7的俯视图； 图 10为图 7 的力学分析原理图。
该具体实施方式中，底盘 2的尾部设有沿车体宽度方向延伸的横梁 27, 横梁 27即垂直于底盘 2轴线设置的梁体， 两支撑油缸分别位于横梁 27的 两端。 相较于第一种具体实施方式， 该结构底盘 2尾部的两附加支腿之间 的距离得以加长， 比较图 6和图 10可以看出，该技术方案六点支撑形成的 六边形面积相较于图 6的技术方案，多出阴影部分 S2的面积，重心圓圓周 至后部的支腿支撑点连线的最短距离得以加长， 从而进一步提高整车稳定 性。
请参考图 11至图 13 , 图 11为本发明所提供支撑系统应用于工程机械 中第三种具体实施方式的结构筒图，该图以底盘的头部为视角； 图 12为图 11中以底盘尾部为视角的结构示意图； 图 13为图 11的俯视图。
该具体实施方式对第二种具体实施方式作了进一步改进，横梁 27为箱 体结构，第一附加支腿 25具有第一支腿臂 281和位于第一支腿臂 281端部 的支撑臂， 第二附加支腿 26具有第二支腿臂 282和位于第二支腿臂 282 端部的支撑臂。第一支腿臂 281和第二支腿臂 282嵌套于横梁 27内并相对 于横梁 27相向伸缩， 即两支腿臂的伸缩方向相反。 布置支腿时， 底盘 2 尾部的两支撑腿（即支撑油缸） 可以随第一支腿臂 281和第二支腿臂 282 伸出一定距离后再支撑于地面，以进一步加大六点支撑形成的多边形面积， 整车行驶时， 可以将附加支腿缩回。 由上述分析可知， 底盘 2尾部两附加 支腿之间的距离越长， 形成的六边形面积越大， 整车的稳定性越高。 第二 种具体实施方式中可以通过加长横梁 27 长度的方法获得该有益效果， 然 而， 为满足行驶要求， 横梁 27的长度必然不能超出整车的宽度， 则两附加 支腿的距离受到一定限制。 该实施方式中两附加支腿的支腿臂采用伸缩臂 的形式， 可以同时满足提高支撑稳定性的要求以及行驶时的宽度要求。 进 一步地， 两支腿臂的伸缩轴线可以错开， 则在横梁 27长度一定的情况下， 两支腿臂的伸缩幅度更大。
针对上述所有实施例， 各支腿的展开形式可以多样化。 如图 2所示， 两前支腿为 X型布置，底盘头部的两后支腿（第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24 ) 与底盘 2铰接， 为摆动型布置； 图 7中， 两前支腿和底盘头部的两后支腿 均为 X型布置； 图 11中， 两前支腿为 X型布置， 底盘头部的两后支腿为 摆动型布置， 两后支腿为 H型布置； 还可以参考图 14, 图 14为本发明所 提供支撑系统应用于工程机械中第四种具体实施方式的结构筒图， 图 14 中两前支腿和两后支腿均是摆动型。 还可以根据实际需要， 作出其他组合 变形， 均可以实现本发明的目的。
需要说明的是， 上述实施例中第一支腿 21和第二支腿 22设于前部， 第三支腿 23和第四支腿 24设于后部，并将附加支腿设于第三支腿 23和第 四支腿 24之间， 实际上， 附加支腿也可以设于两前支腿之间， 或设于前支 腿和后支腿之间， 均可以达到本发明的目的。
除了上述底盘系统， 本发明还提供一种工程机械， 具有支撑系统和底 盘， 所述支撑系统为上述任一实施例所述的支撑系统。 由于上述支撑系统 具有上述技术效果， 具有该支撑系统的工程机械也具有相同的技术效果， 在此不赘述。 具体地， 工程机械可以是混凝土泵车、 起重机等。
以上对本发明所提供的一种支撑系统和具有上述支撑系统的工程机械 行了阐述， 以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思 想。 应当指出， 对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说， 在不脱离本发明原 理的前提下， 还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰， 这些改进和修饰也落 入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种工程机械的支撑系统， 包括设于所述工程机械的第一支腿、 第 二支腿、 第三支腿和第四支腿， 其特征在于， 在第三支腿、 第四支腿之间 设置附加支腿； 第三支腿、 第四支腿的支撑点的连线至所述工程机械重心 圓圓周的最小距离， 小于第三支腿、 第四支腿、 附加支腿中相邻两支腿支 撑点的连线至所述工程机械重心圓圓周的最小距离。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述第一 支腿、 第二支腿设于所述工程机械的前部， 所述第三支腿、 第四支腿设于 所述工程机械的后部。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述附加 支腿的数目为两个。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述工程 机械包括底盘和设于底盘头部的固定转塔， 所述第一支腿、 所述第二支腿 设于固定转塔靠近车头一侧， 第三支腿、 第四支腿设于固定转塔上靠近车 尾一侧， 两所述附加支腿设于所述工程机械的底盘的尾部。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 两所述附 加支腿均为设于底盘尾部的支撑油缸。
6、 如权利要求 5所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述支撑 系统包括连接在底盘尾部的横梁， 横梁沿工程机械的宽度方向延伸， 两所 述附加支腿分别连接在所述横梁的两端。
7、 如权利要求 5所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述支撑 系统包括连接在底盘尾部的横梁， 横梁沿工程机械的宽度方向延伸， 且所 述横梁为箱形结构； 两所述附加支腿包括支腿臂和设于支腿臂端部的支撑 腿； 两所述附加支腿的支腿臂均嵌套于所述横梁中， 且两所述附加支腿的 支腿臂在所述横梁内相向伸缩。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的工程机械的支撑系统， 其特征在于， 两所述附 加支腿的支腿臂的伸缩轴线相错开。
9、 一种工程机械， 具有底盘和支撑系统， 其特征在于， 所述支撑系统 为权利要求 1-8任一项所述的支撑系统。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的工程机械， 其特征在于， 所述工程机械为混 凝土输送泵、 起重机
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