WO2013100115A1 - 円偏光板、及び円偏光板を有する有機elディスプレイ - Google Patents
円偏光板、及び円偏光板を有する有機elディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013100115A1 WO2013100115A1 PCT/JP2012/084005 JP2012084005W WO2013100115A1 WO 2013100115 A1 WO2013100115 A1 WO 2013100115A1 JP 2012084005 W JP2012084005 W JP 2012084005W WO 2013100115 A1 WO2013100115 A1 WO 2013100115A1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/08—Heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/123—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a circularly polarizing plate and an organic electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as “organic EL”) display having the circularly polarizing plate.
- organic EL organic electroluminescence
- the organic EL display device has excellent characteristics as described above.
- a transparent conductive material with a high refractive index such as ITO is used for the electrode, and layers having different refractive indexes are laminated, or a metal material with a high reflectance is used, so external light is reflected at their interfaces, There may be a problem of reflection due to contrast reduction or internal reflection.
- Patent Document 1 proposes using an absorption linearly polarizing plate and a circularly polarizing plate made of a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate itself has a great many applications, and is already used for a reflective LCD, a transflective LCD, a brightness enhancement film, a pickup for an optical disk, and a PS conversion element.
- Most of the ⁇ / 4 plates currently used for them are retardation plates that exhibit optical anisotropy by stretching a polymer film.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a discotic liquid crystal compound or a rod-like liquid crystal on a roll film. A retardation film having a slow axis at an angle that is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the roll film by applying a coating liquid containing a functional compound and orienting it in a predetermined direction. Proposed.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is in-plane retardation (nm) at wavelength ⁇ nm.
- a circularly polarizing plate can be produced by Roll to Roll, and productivity is increased.
- An improved organic EL display could be provided.
- the present invention is achieved by the following means.
- An optical laminate including a ⁇ / 4 plate A and a ⁇ / 2 plate B and a polarizer are included, and the slow axis of the optical laminate and the absorption axis of the polarizer intersect at 35 ° to 55 °, and ⁇
- the slow axis of / 4 plate A and the slow axis of ⁇ / 2 plate B are orthogonal to each other, ⁇ / 4 plate A satisfies the following formula (I), and ⁇ / 2 plate B satisfies the following formula (II).
- an organic EL display with improved visibility under external light can be provided.
- the description “A to B” means “A to B”.
- “parallel”, “orthogonal”, and “vertical” mean that the angle is within a range of strictly less than ⁇ 8 °.
- the error from the exact angle is preferably less than 6 °, and more preferably less than 3 °.
- “+” means the clockwise direction
- “ ⁇ ” means the counterclockwise direction.
- polarizing plate is used to mean both a long polarizing plate and a polarizing plate cut into a size incorporated in a display device unless otherwise specified. Yes.
- cutting includes “punching” and “cutting out”.
- polarizer and polarizing plate are distinguished from each other, but “polarizing plate” is a laminate having a transparent protective film for protecting the polarizer on at least one surface of “polarizer”. It shall mean the body.
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) represent in-plane retardation and retardation in the thickness direction at the wavelength ⁇ , respectively.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is measured with KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.) by making light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm incident in the normal direction of the film.
- the wavelength selection filter can be exchanged manually, or the measurement value can be converted by a program or the like.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is the film surface when Re ( ⁇ ) is used and the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) is the tilt axis (rotation axis) (if there is no slow axis) Measurement is performed at a total of 6 points by injecting light of wavelength ⁇ nm from each inclined direction in steps of 10 degrees from the normal direction to 50 ° on one side with respect to the film normal direction (with any rotation direction as the rotation axis). Then, KOBRA 21ADH or WR is calculated based on the measured retardation value, the assumed value of the average refractive index, and the input film thickness value.
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle ⁇ from the normal direction.
- nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to nx in the plane
- nz is the direction orthogonal to nx and ny.
- d represents a film thickness.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is from ⁇ 50 ° to the normal direction of the film, with Re ( ⁇ ) being an in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as an inclination axis (rotation axis).
- Re ( ⁇ ) being an in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as an inclination axis (rotation axis).
- the assumed value of the average refractive index the values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can be used. If the average refractive index is not known, it can be measured with an Abbe refractometer.
- the average refractive index values of main optical films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), Polystyrene (1.59).
- optical laminate the optical laminate that can be used in the present invention, including the ⁇ / 4 plate A and the ⁇ / 2 plate B, will be described.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate A used in the present invention may consist of an optically anisotropic support having the desired ⁇ / 4 function by itself, or an optical anisotropy on a support made of a polymer film. It may have a layer or the like, or may be composed of an optically anisotropic layer alone.
- a desired ⁇ / 4 function may be provided by laminating another layer on a support that does not optically affect.
- the constituent material of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, either an optically anisotropic layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound or an optically anisotropic layer obtained by stretching a polymer film, You may have both layers.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate A used in the present invention satisfies the following formula (I). (I): Re (450)> Re (550)> Re (630) That is, Re of the ⁇ / 4 plate A is preferably forward dispersion.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate A used in the present invention satisfies the following formula (III). preferable. (III): 115 nm ⁇ Re (550) ⁇ 155 nm
- the Re (550) of the ⁇ / 4 plate A is more preferably 118 to 150 nm, and further preferably 120 to 145 nm.
- Rth (550) of the ⁇ / 4 plate A is preferably ⁇ 400 to 260 nm, more preferably ⁇ 300 to 160 nm, and further preferably ⁇ 200 to 100 nm.
- Rth (550) of the ⁇ / 4 plate A is preferably ⁇ 400 to 260 nm, more preferably ⁇ 300 to 160 nm, and further preferably ⁇ 200 to 100 nm.
- the total Re and Rth of the support and the optically anisotropic layer are within the above ranges. It is preferable to satisfy.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate B used in the present invention may consist of an optically anisotropic support having the desired ⁇ / 2 function by itself, or an optical anisotropy on a support made of a polymer film. It may have a layer or the like, or may be composed of an optically anisotropic layer alone. In the case where the optically anisotropic layer is constituted alone, a desired ⁇ / 2 function may be provided by laminating the optically anisotropic layer on a support that does not optically affect.
- the constituent material of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited and may be an optically anisotropic layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound or an optically anisotropic layer obtained by stretching a polymer film.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate B used in the present invention satisfies the following formula (II).
- the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the ⁇ / 2 plate B used in the present invention preferably satisfies the following formula (IV). (IV): 235 nm ⁇ Re (550) ⁇ 300 nm
- the Re (550) of the ⁇ / 2 plate B is more preferably 235 to 280 nm, and further preferably 240 to 270 nm. This range is preferable because the light leakage of reflected light can be reduced when combined with the ⁇ / 4 plate A described above.
- Rth (550) of the ⁇ / 2 plate B is preferably ⁇ 400 to 260 nm, more preferably ⁇ 200 to 200 nm, and further preferably ⁇ 100 to 150 nm.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate B used in the present invention has an optically anisotropic layer or the like on the support, the total Re and Rth of the support and the optically anisotropic layer and the like are in the above range. It is preferable to satisfy.
- the Re of the optical laminate is preferably reversely dispersible.
- Rth (550) of the optical laminate is preferably ⁇ 160 to 160 nm, more preferably ⁇ 140 to 140 nm, and further preferably ⁇ 120 to 120 nm. Within this range, it is possible to obtain a circularly polarizing plate having a small incident angle dependency on obliquely reflected light.
- the material for the transparent support used in the present invention is not particularly limited.
- Various polymer films such as cellulose acylate, polycarbonate polymer, polyester polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin), etc. Styrene polymers and the like can be used.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyolefin polymers such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride polymers, amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, imide polymers, sulfone polymers, polyethersulfone polymers , Polyether ether ketone polymer, polyphenylene sulfide polymer, vinylidene chloride polymer, vinyl alcohol polymer, vinyl butyral polymer, arylate polymer, polyoxymethylene polymer, epoxy polymer, or polymer mixed with the above-mentioned polymers
- the support may be prepared using one or more polymers.
- the optically anisotropic layer is formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound. It is preferred that it contains at least one layer formed, or a polymer film, and more preferably both. That is, it is preferably a laminate of a polymer film (transparent support) and an optically anisotropic layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound.
- a polymer film having a small optical anisotropy may be used, or a polymer film exhibiting an optical anisotropy by stretching treatment or the like may be used.
- the support preferably has a light transmittance of 80% or more.
- optically anisotropic Layer Containing Liquid Crystalline Compound There is no particular limitation on the type of liquid crystalline compound used for forming the optically anisotropic layer. For example, after forming a low molecular liquid crystalline compound in a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state, an optically anisotropic layer obtained by fixing by photocrosslinking or thermal crosslinking, or after forming a polymer liquid crystalline compound in a nematic alignment in a liquid crystal state, An optically anisotropic layer obtained by fixing the orientation by cooling can also be used.
- the optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed by fixing the liquid crystalline compound by polymerization or the like. After that, it is no longer necessary to show liquid crystallinity.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a polyfunctional polymerizable liquid crystal or a monofunctional polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystalline compound may be a discotic liquid crystalline compound or a rod-like liquid crystalline compound.
- the liquid crystalline compound is preferably fixed in one of the alignment states of vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, hybrid alignment, and tilt alignment.
- the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline compound is substantially perpendicular to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface), or the long axis of the rod-shaped liquid crystalline compound Is substantially horizontal to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface).
- the discotic liquid crystal compound is substantially perpendicular means that the average angle between the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystal compound is in the range of 70 ° to 90 °. Means.
- That the rod-like liquid crystalline compound is substantially horizontal means that the angle formed by the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the director of the rod-like liquid crystalline compound is in the range of 0 ° to 20 °. 0 ° to 10 ° is more preferable, and 0 ° to 5 ° is still more preferable.
- Liquid crystalline compounds Liquid crystalline compounds
- the optically anisotropic layer may consist of only one layer, or two or more layers of optical anisotropy It may be a laminate of a conductive layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer containing a liquid crystalline compound is a coating liquid containing a liquid crystalline compound such as a rod-like liquid crystalline compound or a discotic liquid crystalline compound, and a polymerization initiator, an alignment control agent and other additives, which will be described later, if desired.
- a liquid crystalline compound such as a rod-like liquid crystalline compound or a discotic liquid crystalline compound
- a polymerization initiator an alignment control agent and other additives, which will be described later, if desired.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, and most preferably 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- Discotic liquid crystalline compounds In the present invention, it is preferable to use a discotic liquid crystalline compound for forming the optically anisotropic layer.
- Discotic liquid crystalline compounds are disclosed in various documents (C. Destrade et al., Mol. Crysr. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 71, page 111 (1981); edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, Quarterly Chemical Review, No. 22, Liquid Crystal Chemistry, Chapter 5, Chapter 10 Section 2 (1994); B. Kohne et al., Angew. Chem. Soc. Chem. Comm., Page 1794 (1985); J. Zhang et al., J Am.Chem.Soc., Vol.116, page 2655 (1994)).
- the polymerization of discotic liquid crystalline compounds is described in JP-A-8-27284.
- the discotic liquid crystalline compound preferably has a polymerizable group so that it can be fixed by polymerization.
- a structure in which a polymerizable group is bonded as a substituent to a discotic core of a discotic liquid crystalline compound can be considered.
- a structure having a linking group between the discotic core and the polymerizable group is preferable. That is, the discotic liquid crystalline compound having a polymerizable group is preferably a compound represented by the following formula.
- the discotic liquid crystalline compounds represented by the following formulas (I) and (DI) have low in-plane retardation wavelength dispersibility, can exhibit high in-plane retardation, and have special alignment films and additives. Even if it is not used, it is possible to achieve vertical alignment with a high average inclination angle and excellent uniformity. Therefore, it is preferably used for forming an optically anisotropic layer. Furthermore, the coating liquid containing the liquid crystalline compound tends to have a relatively low viscosity, and is preferable from the viewpoint of good coating properties.
- the hydrogen atom of methine may be replaced with a substituent.
- substituent that methine may have include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, an acylamino group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, a halogen atom, and A cyano group can be mentioned as a preferred example.
- an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, a halogen atom and a cyano group are more preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and a carbon number A 2 to 12 alkoxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom and a cyano group are more preferred.
- Y 11 , Y 12 and Y 13 are all preferably methine in terms of the ease of synthesis of the compound and cost, and more preferably methine is unsubstituted.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are divalent linking groups, each independently represents —O—, —S—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —NR 7 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C
- R 7 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom.
- it is a hydrogen atom.
- the ring contained in the cyclic group may be any of an aromatic ring, an aliphatic ring, and a heterocyclic ring.
- Preferred examples of the aromatic ring include a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring.
- a preferable example of the aliphatic ring is a cyclohexane ring.
- Preferred examples of the heterocyclic ring include a pyridine ring and a pyrimidine ring.
- the cyclic group is more preferably an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring.
- the divalent cyclic group in the present invention is more preferably a divalent linking group consisting of only a cyclic structure (including a substituent) (hereinafter the same).
- the cyclic group having a benzene ring is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group.
- a naphthalene ring a naphthalene-1,5-diyl group and a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group are preferable.
- the cyclic group having a cyclohexane ring is preferably a 1,4-cyclohexylene group.
- the cyclic group having a pyridine ring is preferably a pyridine-2,5-diyl group.
- the cyclic group having a pyrimidine ring is preferably a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group.
- alkynyl group halogen-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, alkylthio group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 carbon atoms And an acyloxy group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, a carbamoyl group substituted with an alkyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and an acylamino group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- * represents a position bonded to the 6-membered ring side including Y 11 , Y 12 and Y 13 in the general formula (I).
- H 1 , H 2 and H 3 each independently represent a group of general formula (IA) or (IB).
- YA 1 and YA 2 each independently represents a methine or a nitrogen atom;
- XA represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, methylene or imino;
- * Represents a position bonded to the L 1 to L 3 side in the general formula (I); ** represents a position bonded to the R 1 to R 3 side in the general formula (I).
- YB 1 and YB 2 each independently represent a methine or a nitrogen atom;
- XB represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, methylene or imino;
- * Represents a position bonded to the L 1 to L 3 side in the general formula (I); ** represents a position bonded to the R 1 to R 3 side in the general formula (I).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent the following general formula (IR).
- L 21 represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- L 21 is a divalent linking group, the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —NR 7 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, and combinations thereof A divalent linking group selected more preferably.
- R 7 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom, and more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a hydrogen atom. Preferably, it is a hydrogen atom.
- the cyclic group having a benzene ring is preferably a 1,4-phenylene group.
- the cyclic group having a naphthalene ring include naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, naphthalene-1,5-diyl group, naphthalene-1,6-diyl group, naphthalene-2,5-diyl group, naphthalene-2,6.
- a diylnaphthalene-2,7-diyl group is preferred.
- the cyclic group having a cyclohexane ring is preferably a 1,4-cyclohexylene group.
- the cyclic group having a pyridine ring is preferably a pyridine-2,5-diyl group.
- the cyclic group having a pyrimidine ring is preferably a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group.
- 1,4-phenylene group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl group and 1,4-cyclohexylene group are particularly preferable.
- Q 2 may have a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, carbon An alkynyl group having 2 to 16 atoms, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms An alkylthio group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, an alkyl-substituted carbamoyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and an acylamino group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom fluorine atom, chlorine
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, An alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- N1 represents an integer of 0-4.
- n1 is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1 or 2.
- L 22 is **-O-, **-O-CO-, **-CO-O-, **-O-CO-O-, **-S-, **-NH-, ** —SO 2 —, ** — CH 2 —, ** — CH ⁇ CH— or ** — C ⁇ C— is represented, and ** represents a position bonded to the Q 2 side.
- L 22 is preferably ** — O—, ** — O—CO—, ** — CO—O—, ** — O—CO—O—, ** — CH 2 —, ** — CH. ⁇ CH—, ** — C ⁇ C—, more preferably ** — O—, ** — O—CO—, ** — O—CO—O—, ** — CH 2 —. .
- L 22 is a group containing a hydrogen atom
- the hydrogen atom may be substituted with a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- An acyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, and 2 to Preferred examples include a carbamoyl group substituted with 6 alkyls and an acylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferred.
- L 23 represents —O—, —S—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —SO 2 —, —NH—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C— and combinations thereof.
- the hydrogen atom of —NH—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH— may be substituted with a substituent.
- substituent include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- An acyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, and 2 to Preferred examples include a carbamoyl group substituted with 6 alkyls and an acylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferred.
- L 23 is preferably selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, and combinations thereof.
- L 23 preferably contains 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 14 carbon atoms. Further, L 23 preferably contains 1 to 16 —CH 2 —, and more preferably 2 to 12 —CH 2 —.
- Q 1 represents a polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom.
- Q 1 is preferably a polymerizable group.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably addition polymerization (including ring-opening polymerization) or condensation polymerization. That is, the polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction or condensation polymerization reaction. Examples of polymerizable groups are shown below.
- the polymerizable group is particularly preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction.
- a polymerizable group is preferably a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group or a ring-opening polymerizable group.
- Examples of the polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group include the following formulas (M-1) to (M-6).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- (M-1) to (M-6) is preferable, and (M-1) is more preferable.
- the ring-opening polymerizable group is preferably a cyclic ether group, and more preferably an epoxy group or an oxetanyl group.
- Y 11 , Y 12 and Y 13 each independently represent a methine or nitrogen atom, methine is preferred, and methine is preferably unsubstituted.
- R 11 , R 12 and R 13 each independently represent the following general formula (I′-A), the following general formula (I′-B) or the following general formula (I′-C).
- general formula (I′-A) or general formula (I′-C) is preferable, and general formula (I′-A) is more preferable.
- a 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , A 15 and A 16 each independently represent a methine or a nitrogen atom. At least one of A 11 and A 12 is preferably a nitrogen atom, and more preferably both are nitrogen atoms. Of A 13 , A 14 , A 15 and A 16 , at least three of them are preferably methine, and more preferably all methine. Furthermore, methine is preferably unsubstituted.
- Examples of the substituent when A 11 , A 12 , A 13 , A 14 , A 15 or A 16 is methine include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, nitro group
- a halogen atom fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- cyano group nitro group
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, An alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- X 1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, methylene or imino, preferably an oxygen atom.
- a 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 , A 25 and A 26 each independently represents a methine or nitrogen atom. At least one of A 21 and A 22 is preferably a nitrogen atom, and more preferably both are nitrogen atoms. Of A 23 , A 24 , A 25 and A 26 , at least three of them are preferably methine, more preferably all methine.
- Examples of the substituent when A 21 , A 22 , A 23 , A 24 , A 25 or A 26 is methine include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, nitro group
- a halogen atom fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- cyano group nitro group
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, An alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- X 2 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, methylene or imino, preferably an oxygen atom.
- a 31 , A 32 , A 33 , A 34 , A 35 and A 36 each independently represents a methine or nitrogen atom. At least one of A 31 and A 32 is preferably a nitrogen atom, and more preferably both are nitrogen atoms. At least three of A 33 , A 34 , A 35 and A 36 are preferably methine, and more preferably all methine. When A 31 , A 32 , A 33 , A 34 , A 35 or A 36 is methine, the methine may have a substituent.
- substituents examples include a halogen atom (fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), cyano group, nitro group, alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, carbon An alkynyl group having 2 to 16 atoms, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an acyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and 1 to 16 carbon atoms An alkylthio group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, an alkyl-substituted carbamoyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and an acylamino group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, i
- a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, An alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- X 3 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, methylene or imino, and preferably an oxygen atom.
- L 11 in the general formula (I′-A), L 21 in the general formula (I′-B), and L 31 in the general formula (I′-C) are each independently —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —O—CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—O—, —S—, —NH—, —SO 2 —, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C— is represented.
- L 11 in the general formula (DI-A) that can be expected to have small intrinsic birefringence wavelength dispersibility is particularly preferably —O—, —CO—O—, —C ⁇ C—, and among them, —CO— -O- is preferable because it can exhibit a discotic nematic phase at a higher temperature.
- the hydrogen atom may be replaced with a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkyl group substituted with a halogen having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- An acyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a carbamoyl group, and 2 to Preferred examples include a carbamoyl group substituted with 6 alkyls and an acylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferred.
- L 12 in the general formula (I′-A), L 22 in the general formula (I′-B), and L 32 in the general formula (I′-C) are each independently —O—, —S A divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —SO 2 —, —NH—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, and combinations thereof.
- —S divalent linking group selected from the group consisting of —, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —SO 2 —, —NH—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C—, and combinations thereof.
- the hydrogen atom of —NH—, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH— may be substituted with a substituent.
- Preferred examples include a carbamoyl group substituted with an alkyl having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and an acylamino group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are more preferred, A halogen atom, a methyl group, and an ethyl group are preferable.
- L 12 , L 22 and L 32 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —CH 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH— and —C ⁇ C— and combinations thereof. It is preferable to be selected.
- L 12 , L 22 , and L 32 each independently preferably have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably 2 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the number of carbon atoms is preferably 2 to 14, more preferably 1 to 16 —CH 2 —, and still more preferably 2 to 12 —CH 2 —.
- the number of carbon atoms constituting L 12 , L 22 , and L 32 affects the phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal and the solubility of the compound in the solvent. Generally the more increased the number of carbon atoms, transition temperature of the discotic nematic phase from (N D phase) to the isotropic liquid tends to decrease. Further, the solubility in a solvent generally tends to improve as the number of carbon atoms increases.
- Q 11 in the general formula (I′-A), Q 21 in the general formula (I′-B), and Q 31 in the general formula (I′-C) each independently represent a polymerizable group or a hydrogen atom.
- Q 11 , Q 21 and Q 31 are preferably polymerizable groups.
- the polymerization reaction is preferably addition polymerization (including ring-opening polymerization) or condensation polymerization. That is, the polymerizable group is preferably a functional group capable of addition polymerization reaction or condensation polymerization reaction.
- examples of the polymerizable group are the same as described above, and preferable examples are also the same as described above.
- Examples of the discotic liquid crystalline compound having a small wavelength dispersion, which is a triphenylene compound, include the compounds described in paragraphs [0062] to [0067] of JP-A-2007-108732, but the present invention is not limited thereto. is not.
- a rod-like liquid crystalline compound may be used for forming the optically anisotropic layer of the ⁇ / 4 plate A and the ⁇ / 2 plate B.
- rod-like liquid crystalline compounds include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidines, alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidines.
- Phenyldioxanes, tolanes and alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles are preferably used. Not only the above low-molecular liquid crystalline compounds but also high-molecular liquid crystalline compounds can be used. It is more preferable to fix the alignment of the rod-like liquid crystal compound by polymerization.
- the liquid crystalline compound those having a partial structure capable of causing polymerization or crosslinking reaction by actinic rays, electron beams, heat, or the like are preferably used.
- the number of the partial structures is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3.
- the polymerizable rod-like liquid crystalline compound Makromol. Chem. 190, 2255 (1989), Advanced Materials 5, 107 (1993), US Pat.
- an alignment controller capable of controlling the alignment of the liquid crystalline compound vertically on the alignment film interface side and the air interface side is provided. It is preferable to use it.
- an optically anisotropic composition using a composition containing, together with a liquid crystalline compound, an alignment film having a function of vertically aligning the liquid crystalline compound by an excluded volume effect, electrostatic effect or surface energy effect. It is preferable to form a conductive layer.
- a compound that is unevenly distributed at the air interface at the time of orientation of the liquid crystalline compound, and that acts to vertically align the liquid crystalline compound by its excluded volume effect, electrostatic effect, or surface energy effect It is preferable to form an optically anisotropic layer using a composition contained together with a liquid crystal compound.
- a compound (alignment film interface side vertical alignment agent) that promotes the vertical alignment of the molecules of the liquid crystal compound on the alignment film interface side a pyridinium derivative is preferably used.
- a pyridinium derivative represented by the following general formula (II) is preferably used.
- the molecules of the discotic liquid crystal compound can be aligned substantially vertically in the vicinity of the alignment film.
- AL is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- L 23 represents a single bond, —O—, —O—AL—O—, —O—AL—O—CO—, —O—AL—CO—O—, —CO—O—AL—O—, — CO-O-AL-O-CO-, -CO-O-AL-CO-O-, -O-CO-AL-O-, -O-CO-AL-O-CO- or -O-CO- AL-CO-O- is preferred, a single bond or -O- is more preferred, and -O- is most preferred.
- L 24 represents a single bond, —O—, —O—CO—, —CO—O—, —C ⁇ C—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ N—, —N ⁇ CH— or —N ⁇ . N- is preferred, and —O—CO— or —CO—O— is more preferred. More preferably, when m is 2 or more, the plurality of L 24 are alternately —O—CO— and —CO—O—.
- R 22 is a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted amino group, or a substituted amino group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- R 22 is a dialkyl-substituted amino group
- two alkyl groups may be bonded to each other to form a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocycle formed at this time is preferably a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.
- R 22 is more preferably a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted amino group, or a dialkyl-substituted amino group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted amino group, or a dialkyl-substituted group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Even more preferred is an amino group.
- R 22 is an unsubstituted amino group or a substituted amino group, the 4-position of the pyridinium ring is preferably substituted.
- X is an anion.
- X is preferably a monovalent anion.
- anions include anions of halogens (eg, fluorine ions, chlorine ions, bromine ions, iodine ions, etc.), sulfonate ions (eg, methanesulfonate ions, trifluoromethanesulfonate ions, methyl sulfate) Ion, p-toluenesulfonic acid ion, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid ion, 1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid ion, 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid ion, 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonic acid ion), sulfate ion, carbonate ion , Nitrate ion, thiocyanate ion, perchlorate ion, tetrafluoroborate ion, picrate ion, acetate i
- Y 22 and Y 23 are each a divalent linking group having a 5- or 6-membered ring as a partial structure.
- the 5- or 6-membered ring may have a substituent.
- at least one of Y 22 and Y 23 is a divalent linking group having a 5- or 6-membered ring having a substituent as a partial structure.
- Y 22 and Y 23 are preferably each independently a divalent linking group having a 6-membered ring which may have a substituent as a partial structure.
- the 6-membered ring includes an aliphatic ring, an aromatic ring (benzene ring) and a heterocyclic ring.
- 6-membered aliphatic ring examples include a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring, and a cyclohexadiene ring.
- 6-membered heterocyclic rings include pyran ring, dioxane ring, dithiane ring, thiin ring, pyridine ring, piperidine ring, oxazine ring, morpholine ring, thiazine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyrazine ring, piperazine ring and triazine ring. Including.
- Another 6-membered ring or 5-membered ring may be condensed to the 6-membered ring.
- the substituent include a halogen atom, cyano, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group and alkoxy group may be substituted with an acyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or an acyloxy group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3).
- the number of substituents may be 2 or more.
- the number of carbon atoms of 1 to 4 is 1 to 12 (more preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to The alkyl group of 3) may be substituted.
- n 1 or 2, and is preferably 2.
- the plurality of Y 23 and L 24 may be the same as or different from each other.
- Z 21 is halogen-substituted phenyl, nitro-substituted phenyl, cyano-substituted phenyl, phenyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, phenyl substituted with an alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, carbon atoms
- Z 21 is preferably cyano, an alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and is an alkoxy group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. Is more preferable.
- Z 21 is an alkyl group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, an acyl-substituted alkyl group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms, or 7 carbon atoms.
- An acyl-substituted alkoxy group having ⁇ 25, an acyloxy-substituted alkyl group having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or an acyloxy-substituted alkoxy group having 7 to 25 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the acyl group is represented by —CO—R
- the acyloxy group is represented by —O—CO—R
- R is an aliphatic group (alkyl group, substituted alkyl group, alkenyl group, substituted alkenyl group, alkynyl group, substituted alkynyl group) or aromatic Group (aryl group, substituted aryl group).
- R is preferably an aliphatic group, and more preferably an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.
- C p H 2p means a chain alkylene group which may have a branched structure.
- C p H 2p is preferably a linear alkylene group (— (CH 2 ) p —).
- L 25 has the same meaning as L 24, a preferred range is also the same.
- L 24 and L 25 are preferably —O—CO— or —CO—O—, L 24 is preferably —O—CO—, and L 25 is preferably —CO—O—.
- R 23 , R 24 and R 25 are each an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 6 and even more preferably 1 to 3).
- n 23 represents 0 to 4
- n 24 represents 1 to 4
- n 25 represents 0 to 4. It is preferable that n 23 and n 25 are 0 and n 24 is 1 to 4 (more preferably 1 to 3).
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (II) include compounds described in [0058] to [0061] in JP-A-2006-113500.
- the pyridinium derivative of the formula (II) is generally obtained by alkylating the pyridine ring (Menstokin reaction).
- the preferred range of the content of the pyridinium derivative in the composition for forming an optically anisotropic layer varies depending on the application, but the composition (liquid crystalline composition excluding the solvent when prepared as a coating solution) Of these, 0.005 to 8% by mass is preferable, and 0.01 to 5% by mass is more preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent
- L is a divalent linking group selected from the following linking group group or 2 selected from the following linking group group.
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group), —S—, —SO 2 —, —P ( ⁇ O) (OR 5 ) —
- R 5 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group
- Q represents a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, or phosphonoxy ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof.
- (III) (R 0 ) m ⁇ L 0 ⁇ (W) n R 0 represents an alkyl group, an alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal, or an alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal, and m represents an integer of 1 or more.
- a plurality of R 0 may be the same or different, but at least one represents an alkyl group having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the terminal.
- L 0 represents a (m + n) -valent linking group
- W represents a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, or phosphonoxy ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ Or a salt thereof
- n represents an integer of 1 or more.
- the fluoropolymer usable in the present invention includes a fluoroaliphatic group, a carboxyl group (—COOH), a sulfo group (—SO 3 H), a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ , and their It contains one or more hydrophilic groups selected from the group consisting of salts.
- the types of polymers are described in “Revised Chemistry of Polymer Synthesis” (written by Takatsu Otsu, published by Kagaku Dojin Co., 1968) on pages 1 to 4, for example, polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, polyimides.
- the fluoropolymer is a polymer having a fluoroaliphatic group in the side chain.
- the fluoroaliphatic group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic group may be linear or cyclic, and when it is linear, it may be linear or branched. Of these, linear fluoroaliphatic groups having 6 to 10 carbon atoms are preferred.
- the degree of substitution with fluorine atoms is not particularly limited, but 50% or more of hydrogen atoms in the aliphatic group are preferably substituted with fluorine atoms, and more preferably 60% or more are substituted.
- the fluoroaliphatic group is contained in a side chain bonded to the polymer main chain via an ester bond, an amide bond, an imide bond, a urethane bond, a urea bond, an ether bond, a thioether bond, an aromatic ring, or the like.
- One of the fluoroaliphatic groups is derived from a fluoroaliphatic compound produced by a telomerization method (also referred to as a telomer method) or an oligomerization method (also referred to as an oligomer method).
- telomerization method is a method of synthesizing a telomer by radical polymerization of a fluorine-containing vinyl compound such as tetrafluoroethylene using an alkyl halide having a large chain transfer constant such as iodide as a telogen (example in Scheme-1). showed that).
- fluoropolymer that can be used in the present invention is a copolymer having a repeating unit derived from a fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer and a repeating unit containing a hydrophilic group represented by the following formula (II): It is a coalescence. *
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
- Q represents a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof.
- L represents an arbitrary group selected from the following linking group group, or a divalent linking group formed by combining two or more thereof.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent selected from the substituent group exemplified below.
- An alkyl group preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a tert-butyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group and the like), alkenyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, Particularly preferred are alkenyl groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, including, for example, vinyl group, aryl group, 2-butenyl group, 3-penten
- An aryl group (preferably an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a phenyl group, a p-methylphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Aralkyl groups preferably aralkyl groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, such as benzyl group, phenethyl group, 3- A phenylpropyl group
- a substituted or unsubstituted amino group preferably an amino group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms, Unsubstituted amino group, methylamino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, anilino group, etc.
- An alkoxy group (preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a butoxy group).
- alkoxycarbonyl group preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group
- acyloxy A group preferably an acyloxy group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms such as an acetoxy group and a benzoyloxy group
- an acylamino group preferably 2-20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2-16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2-10 carbon atoms
- Acylamino groups such as acetylamino group and benzoylamino group
- alkoxycarbonylamino groups preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms).
- An alkoxycarbonylamino group such as a methoxycarbonylamino group), an aryloxycarbonylamino group (preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms).
- Aryloxycarbonylamino group such as phenyloxycarbonylamino group), sulfonylamino group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to carbon atoms).
- sulfonylamino groups such as methanesulfonate Amino group, benzenesulfonylamino group and the like
- sulfamoyl group preferably sulfamoyl group having 0 to 20, more preferably 0 to 16, and particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, such as sulfamoyl group
- carbamoyl group preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably carbon number).
- carbamoyl groups including, for example, unsubstituted carbamoyl group, methylcarbamoyl group, diethylcarbamoyl group, phenylcarbamoyl group, etc.
- a methylureido group, a phenylureido group, etc.), a phosphoric acid amide group (preferably a phosphoric acid amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms).
- alkyl group examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, n-butyl group, sec-butyl group and the like.
- the alkyl group may have a suitable substituent.
- substituent include a halogen atom, aryl group, heterocyclic group, alkoxyl group, aryloxy group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, acyl group, hydroxyl group, acyloxy group, amino group, alkoxycarbonyl group, acylamino group, oxycarbonyl Group, carbamoyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfamoyl group, sulfonamido group, sulfolyl group, carboxyl group and the like.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group does not include the carbon atom of the substituent. The same applies to the carbon number of other groups.
- L represents a divalent linking group selected from the above linking group group, or a divalent linking group formed by combining two or more thereof.
- R b in —NR b — represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- R c in —PO (OR c ) — represents an alkyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, and preferably an alkyl group.
- L preferably contains a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —NR b —, —S—, —SO 2 —, an alkylene group or an arylene group, and includes —CO—, —O—, —NR It is particularly preferable that b- , an alkylene group or an arylene group is contained.
- the alkylene group preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- particularly preferred alkylene groups include methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetrabutylene, hexamethylene groups and the like.
- the carbon number of the arylene group is preferably 6 to 24, more preferably 6 to 18, and particularly preferably 6 to 12.
- particularly preferred arylene groups include phenylene and naphthalene groups.
- L contains a divalent linking group (that is, an aralkylene group) obtained by combining an alkylene group and an arylene group the carbon number of the aralkylene group is preferably 7 to 34, more preferably 7 to 26, and particularly preferably 7-16.
- particularly preferred aralkylene groups include a phenylenemethylene group, a phenyleneethylene group, and a methylenephenylene group.
- the group listed as L may have a suitable substituent.
- Q is a carboxyl group, a salt of a carboxyl group (for example, lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt (for example, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethyl).
- a salt of a carboxyl group for example, lithium salt, sodium salt, potassium salt, ammonium salt (for example, ammonium, tetramethylammonium, trimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, trimethyl).
- the fluoropolymer may contain one type of repeating unit represented by the formula (II) or two or more types. Moreover, the said fluorine-type polymer may have 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of repeating units other than said each repeating unit.
- the other repeating units are not particularly limited, and preferred examples thereof include repeating units derived from ordinary radical polymerizable monomers. Hereinafter, specific examples of monomers for deriving other repeating units will be given.
- the fluoropolymer may contain a repeating unit derived from one or more monomers selected from the following monomer group. *
- Monomer group (1) Alkenes Ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, 1-hexene, 1-dodecene, 1-octadecene, 1-eicocene, hexafluoropropene, vinylidene fluoride, chlorotrifluoroethylene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropylene, tetra Fluoroethylene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, etc .; (2) Dienes 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-n-propyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2- Methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, 1- ⁇ -naphthyl-1,3-butadiene, 1- ⁇ -naphthyl-1,3-but
- the amount of the fluoroaliphatic group-containing monomer is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 30% by mass or more of the total amount of constituent monomers of the polymer. Is more preferable.
- the amount of the repeating unit represented by the formula (II) is preferably 0.5% by mass or more of the total monomer content of the fluoropolymer, and preferably 1 to 20% by mass. More preferably, it is 1 to 10% by mass.
- the mass average molecular weight of the fluoropolymer used in the present invention is preferably 1,000,000 or less, more preferably 500,000 or less, and even more preferably 100,000 or less.
- the mass average molecular weight can be measured as a value in terms of polystyrene (PS) using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). *
- the polymerization method of the fluorine-based polymer is not particularly limited, and for example, a polymerization method using a vinyl group such as cationic polymerization, radical polymerization, or anionic polymerization can be employed. Polymerization is particularly preferred in that it can be used for general purposes.
- the polymerization initiator for radical polymerization known compounds such as radical thermal polymerization initiators and radical photopolymerization initiators can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use radical thermal polymerization initiators.
- the radical thermal polymerization initiator is a compound that generates radicals by heating to a decomposition temperature or higher.
- radical thermal polymerization initiators examples include diacyl peroxide (acetyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, etc.), ketone peroxide (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, etc.), hydroperoxide (hydrogen peroxide, tert.
- organic solvent is used for solution polymerization. These organic solvents can be arbitrarily selected as long as the objects and effects of the present invention are not impaired. These organic solvents are usually organic compounds having a boiling point in the range of 50 to 200 ° C. under atmospheric pressure, and organic compounds that uniformly dissolve each component are preferred.
- the solution polymerization conditions are not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable to heat within a temperature range of 50 to 200 ° C. for 10 minutes to 30 hours. Furthermore, in order not to deactivate the generated radicals, it is preferable to perform an inert gas purge not only during solution polymerization but also before the start of solution polymerization. Usually, nitrogen gas is suitably used as the inert gas. *
- a radical polymerization method using a chain transfer agent is particularly effective.
- chain transfer agents mercaptans (for example, octyl mercaptan, decyl mercaptan, dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, octadecyl mercaptan, thiophenol, p-nonylthiophenol, etc.), polyhalogenated alkyls (for example, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, etc.) , 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1,1-tribromooctane, etc.) and low-activity monomers ( ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer, etc.) can be used, preferably carbon These are mercaptans of 4 to 16.
- the amount of these chain transfer agents used is remarkably influenced by the activity of the chain transfer agent, the combination of the monomers, the polymerization conditions and the like, and must be precisely controlled. It is about 01 mol% to 50 mol%, preferably 0.05 mol% to 30 mol%, particularly preferably 0.08 mol% to 25 mol%.
- These chain transfer agents may be present in the system simultaneously with the target monomer whose degree of polymerization is to be controlled in the polymerization process, and the addition method is not particularly limited. It may be added after being dissolved in the monomer, or may be added separately from the monomer. *
- the fluoropolymer of the present invention preferably has a polymerizable group as a substituent in order to fix the orientation state of the discotic liquid crystalline compound.
- fluoroaliphatic group-containing copolymer preferably used in the present invention as a fluorine-based polymer
- fluorine-based polymer include the compounds described in paragraphs [0110] to [0114] of JP-A-2006-113500. Is not limited by these specific examples.
- Fluoropolymer used in the present invention can be produced by a known and usual method. For example, it can be produced by adding a general-purpose radical polymerization initiator to an organic solvent containing the above-described monomer having a fluoroaliphatic group, a monomer having a hydrogen bonding group, and the like, and polymerizing the mixture. Further, in some cases, other addition-polymerizable unsaturated compounds can be further added and produced by the same method as described above. Depending on the polymerizability of each monomer, a dropping polymerization method in which a monomer and an initiator are added dropwise to a reaction vessel is also effective for obtaining a polymer having a uniform composition. *
- the preferred range of the content of the fluoropolymer in the composition varies depending on the application, but when used for forming the optically anisotropic layer, the composition (a composition excluding the solvent in the case of a coating solution) Among them, the content is preferably 0.005 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and still more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass. If the addition amount of the fluorine-based polymer is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect is insufficient, and if it exceeds 8% by mass, the coating film cannot be sufficiently dried, or the performance as an optical film (for example, letter Adversely affects the uniformity of the foundation.
- R 0 functions as a hydrophobic group of the fluorine-containing compound.
- the alkyl group represented by R 0 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, which may be linear or branched, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and more preferably Is an alkyl group of 4 to 16, particularly preferably an alkyl group of 6 to 16.
- any of the substituents exemplified as the substituent group D described later can be applied.
- the alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal represented by R 0 preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal is an alkyl group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms. 50% or more of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are preferably substituted with fluorine atoms, more preferably 60% or more are substituted, and particularly preferably 70% or more are substituted. The remaining hydrogen atoms may be further substituted with the substituents exemplified as the substituent group D described later.
- the alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal represented by R 0 preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal is an alkyl group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms contained in the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms. 50% or more of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group are preferably substituted with fluorine atoms, more preferably 60% or more are substituted, and particularly preferably 70% or more are substituted. The remaining hydrogen atoms may be further substituted with the substituents exemplified as the substituent group D described later. Examples of an alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal represented by R 0 or an alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal are shown below.
- an (m + n) -valent linking group represented by L 0 is an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, —CO—, —NR— (R has 1 carbon atom)
- W represents a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, or a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof.
- the preferred range of W is the same as Q in formula (II).
- R 4 and R 5 each represents an alkyl group, an alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal, or an alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal, and R 4 and R 5 are simultaneously It is not an alkyl group.
- W 1 and W 2 are each a hydrogen atom, a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, phosphonoxy ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof, or
- An alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an alkylamino group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphonoxy group as a substituent is represented, but W 1 and W 2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group, an alkyl group having a CF 3 group at the terminal, or an alkyl group having a CF 2 H group at the terminal
- m2 represents an integer of 1 or more
- R 6 may be the same or different, but at least one represents an alkyl group having a CF 3 group or a CF 2 H group at the terminal.
- L 2 represents an alkylene group, an aromatic group, —CO—, —NR— (R is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom), —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO.
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring or an aromatic heterocycle
- W 3 represents a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof, or an alkyl group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group as a substituent, an alkoxy group, or an alkylamino group.
- R 4 and R 5 are synonymous with R 0 in the formula (III), and their preferred ranges are also the same.
- the carboxyl group (—COOH) represented by W 1 and W 2 or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, a phosphonoxy group ⁇ —OP ( ⁇ O) (OH) 2 ⁇ or a salt thereof is It is synonymous with W in Formula (III), and its preferable range is also the same.
- the alkyl group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphonoxy group as a substituent represented by W 1 or W 2 may be linear or branched, and preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl group more preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8, and particularly preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 3.
- the alkyl group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group as the substituent only needs to have at least one carboxyl group, sulfo group, or phosphonoxy group. It is synonymous with the carboxyl group, sulfo group and phosphonoxy group represented by W in formula (III), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the alkyl group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group as the substituent may be substituted with any other substituent, and the substituent is any of the substituents exemplified as the substituent group D described later. Can be applied.
- the alkoxy group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphonoxy group as a substituent represented by W 1 or W 2 may be linear or branched, and preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group as the substituent only needs to have at least one carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group. It is synonymous with the parent carboxyl group, sulfo group and phosphonoxy group represented by W in formula (III), and the preferred range is also the same.
- the alkoxy group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group may be substituted with other substituents, and any of the substituents exemplified as Substituent Group D described later can be applied as the substituent. .
- the alkylamino group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group or a phosphonoxy group as a substituent represented by W 1 or W 2 may be linear or branched, and preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. More preferably 1 to 8 alkylamino groups, and particularly preferably 1 to 4 alkylamino groups.
- the alkylamino group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group may have at least one carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group.
- Examples of the carboxyl group, the sulfo group, and the phosphonoxy group include the above-described formula ( It is synonymous with the carboxyl group represented by W in III), a sulfo group, and a phosphonoxy group, and its preferable range is also the same.
- the alkylamino group having a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphonoxy group may be substituted with other substituents, and any of the substituents exemplified as Substituent Group D described later is applied as the substituent. it can.
- W 1 and W 2 are particularly preferably each a hydrogen atom or (CH 2 ) n SO 3 M (n represents 0 or 1).
- M represents a cation, but M may not be present when the charge is 0 in the molecule.
- the cation represented by M for example, protonium ion, alkali metal ion (lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, etc.), alkaline earth metal ion (barium ion, calcium ion, etc.), ammonium ion, etc. are preferably applied. . Of these, proton ions, lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, and ammonium ions are particularly preferable.
- R 6 has the same meaning as R 0 in formula (III), and its preferred range is also the same.
- L 2 is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, —CO—, —NR—, —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 — and A linking group having a total carbon number of 0 to 40 consisting of a combination thereof, particularly preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, —CO—, —NR—, —O—, —S—, —SO 2 - and it represents a total linking group having 0 to 20 carbon atoms comprising a combination thereof.
- W 3 is preferably a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof, a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) or a salt thereof, or a carboxyl group (—COOH) or a salt thereof or a sulfo group (—SO 3 H) as a substituent.
- an alkylamino group having a salt thereof particularly preferably SO 3 M or CO 2 M.
- M represents a cation, but M may not be present when the charge is 0 in the molecule.
- protonium ion, alkali metal ion (lithium ion, sodium ion, potassium ion, etc.), alkaline earth metal ion (barium ion, calcium ion, etc.), ammonium ion, etc. are preferably applied.
- proton ions, lithium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, and ammonium ions are particularly preferable.
- the substituent group D is an alkyl group (preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group. , Ethyl group, isopropyl group, tert-butyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, etc.), alkenyl group (preferably having 2 carbon atoms) -20, more preferably an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a 2-butenyl group, and a 3-pentenyl group), alkynyl A group (preferably an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to
- substituted or unsubstituted amino group preferably having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 0 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 6 carbon atoms.
- An amino group for example, an unsubstituted amino group, a methylamino group, a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a dibenzylamino group and the like),
- An alkoxy group (preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a butoxy group),
- An aryloxy group (preferably an aryloxy group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyloxy group and a 2-naphthyloxy group.
- An acyl group (preferably an acyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, for example, an acetyl group, a benzoyl group, a formyl group, a pivaloyl group)
- An alkoxycarbonyl group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably carbon number).
- alkoxycarbonyl groups such as methoxycarbonyl group and ethoxycarbonyl group
- aryloxycarbonyl groups (preferably having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably having 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably carbon atoms).
- An aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 10 carbon atoms such as a phenyloxycarbonyl group, and an acyloxy group (preferably having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms). ⁇ 10 acyloxy groups such as acetoxy group and benzoyloxy group)
- An acylamino group (preferably an acylamino group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as an acetylamino group and a benzoylamino group), alkoxycarbonyl An amino group (preferably an alkoxycarbonylamino group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a methoxycarbonylamino group), aryloxy Carbonylamino group (preferably an aryloxycarbonylamino group having 7 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 7 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a phenyloxycarbonylamino group) Sulfonylamino group (preferably having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably Or a sulfonylamino group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly
- it is a sulfamoyl group having 0 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 0 to 12 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a sulfamoyl group, a methylsulfamoyl group, a dimethylsulfamoyl group, and a phenylsulfamoyl group.
- An alkylthio group preferably an alkylthio group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as a methylthio group and an ethylthio group
- an arylthio group An arylthio group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and a sulfonyl group (preferably having a carbon number of 1 to 12) are preferable.
- a methylureido group, a phenylureido group, etc.), a phosphoric acid amide group (preferably a phosphoric acid amide group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms).
- the fluorine-containing compound of the present invention preferably has a polymerizable group as a substituent in order to fix the alignment state of the discotic liquid crystalline compound.
- fluorine-containing compound represented by the formula (III) that can be used in the present invention include the compounds described in paragraphs [0136] to [0140] of JP-A-2006-113500. Is not limited by these specific examples.
- the preferred range of the content of the fluorine-containing compound in the composition varies depending on the use, but when used for forming the optically anisotropic layer, the composition (a composition excluding the solvent in the case of a coating solution) Among them, the content is preferably 0.005 to 8% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, and still more preferably 0.05 to 3% by mass.
- the aligned liquid crystal compound is fixed while maintaining the alignment state.
- the fixing preferably uses a polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction includes a thermal polymerization reaction using a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization reaction using a photopolymerization initiator.
- a photopolymerization reaction is preferred.
- photopolymerization initiators include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds (described in US Pat. Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670), acyloin ether (described in US Pat. No. 2,448,828), ⁇ -hydrocarbon substituted aromatic acyloin. Compound (described in US Pat. No.
- the use amount of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the solid content of the coating solution.
- Light irradiation for the polymerization of the liquid crystalline compound is preferably performed using ultraviolet rays.
- the irradiation energy is preferably 20 mJ / cm 2 to 50 J / cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 800 mJ / cm 2 .
- light irradiation may be performed under heating conditions.
- the polymerizable monomer examples include radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compounds. Preferably, it is a polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomer and is preferably copolymerizable with the polymerizable group-containing liquid crystalline compound. Examples thereof include those described in paragraph numbers [0018] to [0020] in JP-A No. 2002-296423.
- the amount of the above compound added is generally in the range of 1 to 50% by mass and preferably in the range of 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the discotic liquid crystalline molecules.
- surfactant examples include conventionally known compounds, and fluorine compounds are particularly preferable. Specifically, for example, compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in JP-A-2001-330725, and paragraphs [0069] to [0126] in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-295212 are described. The compound of this is mentioned.
- an organic solvent is preferably used as a solvent used for preparing the coating solution.
- organic solvents include amides (eg N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (eg , Chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane). Alkyl halides and ketones are preferred. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the coating liquid can be applied by a known method (eg, wire bar coating method, extrusion coating method, direct gravure coating method, reverse gravure coating method, die coating method).
- a known method eg, wire bar coating method, extrusion coating method, direct gravure coating method, reverse gravure coating method, die coating method.
- coat using a wire bar coating method it is preferable to apply
- a die coating method is preferably used, and a coating method using a slide coater or a slot die coater is particularly preferable.
- the optically anisotropic layer of the present invention is preferably produced by applying a composition containing a liquid crystalline compound on the surface of the alignment film and aligning the molecules of the liquid crystalline compound. Since the alignment film has a function of defining the alignment direction of the liquid crystalline compound, it is preferably used for realizing a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, if the alignment state is fixed after aligning the liquid crystalline compound, the alignment film plays the role, and thus is not necessarily an essential component of the present invention. That is, it is also possible to produce the polarizing plate of the present invention by transferring only the optically anisotropic layer on the alignment film in which the alignment state is fixed onto the polarizing layer or the support.
- the alignment film is an organic compound (eg, ⁇ -tricosanoic acid) formed by rubbing treatment of an organic compound (preferably polymer), oblique deposition of an inorganic compound, formation of a layer having a microgroove, or Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB film). , Dioctadecylmethylammonium chloride, methyl stearylate). Furthermore, an alignment film in which an alignment function is generated by application of an electric field, application of a magnetic field, or light irradiation is also known. The alignment film is preferably formed by polymer rubbing treatment.
- an organic compound eg, ⁇ -tricosanoic acid
- polymer examples include methacrylate copolymers, styrene copolymers, polyolefins, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol, poly (N-methylol) described in paragraph No. [0022] of JP-A-8-338913, for example. Acrylamide), polyester, polyimide, vinyl acetate copolymer, carboxymethylcellulose, polycarbonate and the like. Silane coupling agents can be used as the polymer.
- Water-soluble polymers eg, poly (N-methylolacrylamide), carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol
- gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are more preferred, and polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohol are most preferred.
- the coating method used when forming the alignment film is preferably a spin coating method, a dip coating method, a curtain coating method, an extrusion coating method, a rod coating method or a roll coating method.
- a rod coating method is particularly preferable.
- the film thickness after drying is preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. Heating and drying can be performed at 20 ° C to 110 ° C. In order to form a sufficient crosslink, 60 ° C to 100 ° C is preferable, and 80 ° C to 100 ° C is particularly preferable.
- the drying time can be 1 minute to 36 hours, preferably 1 minute to 30 minutes.
- the pH is preferably set to an optimum value for the cross-linking agent to be used, and when glutaraldehyde is used, the pH is preferably 4.5 to 5.5.
- the alignment film is preferably provided on a transparent support.
- the alignment film can be obtained by rubbing the surface after crosslinking the polymer layer as described above.
- a polymer film is preferred as the transparent support.
- polymer films include cellulose acylate films (for example, cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propionate film), polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
- Polyester resin films such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone films, polyacrylic resin films such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane resin films, polyester films, polycarbonate films, polysulfone films, polyether films, polymethyl Pentene film, polyetherketone film, (meth) acrylonitrile film, poly Refins, films containing polymers having an alicyclic structure (norbornene resins (Arton: trade name, manufactured by JSR Corporation, amorphous polyolefins (ZEONEX: trade name, manufactured by ZEON Corporation)), etc. are included.
- a film containing a triacetyl cellulose film, a polyethylene terephthalate film, or a polymer having an alicyclic structure is preferable, and a triacetyl cellulose film is particularly preferable.
- the casting dope for the first layer is first extruded from the casting giusa on the casting support, cast, and dried on the second layer without drying or drying.
- Extrude the casting dope for casting from the casting gieser cast the dope sequentially to the third layer or more, if necessary, peel it off from the support at an appropriate time, and dry it.
- the core layer film is formed into a film by a solution casting method to prepare a coating solution to be applied to the surface layer, and then applied to the film one side at a time or both sides simultaneously using an appropriate applicator.
- This is a method of forming a film having a laminated structure by applying and drying a liquid.
- the thickness of the transparent support may be about 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably manufactured continuously in a long state. Furthermore, it is preferable that the slow axis is not parallel or orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. That is, the angle formed by at least one slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer included in the ⁇ / 4 plate and the long side of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 5 to 85 °.
- the angle formed by at least one slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer included in the ⁇ / 4 plate and the long side of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably 5 to 85 °.
- the optically anisotropic layer is formed from a liquid crystalline compound
- the angle of the slow axis of the optically anisotropic layer can be adjusted by the rubbing angle.
- the angle of the slow axis can be adjusted by the stretching direction.
- the circularly polarizing plate of the present invention may be provided with a single functional layer or a plurality of functional layers depending on the purpose.
- the functional layer include a hard coat layer and an antireflection layer hard coat layer.
- the antireflection layer is a layer composed of at least one or more layers designed in consideration of the refractive index, the film thickness, the number of layers, the layer order, and the like so that the reflectance is reduced by optical interference.
- the antireflection layer has a configuration in which only the low refractive index layer is coated on the outermost surface of the film.
- the antireflection layer by combining a high refractive index layer having a high refractive index and a low refractive index layer having a low refractive index.
- a high refractive index layer having a high refractive index and a low refractive index layer having a low refractive index As a configuration example, two layers of a high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer or three layers having different refractive indexes are arranged in order from the bottom, and a medium refractive index layer (having a higher refractive index than the lower layer and a high refractive index).
- a layer having a lower refractive index than a layer) / a layer having a higher refractive index / a layer having a lower refractive index are stacked in this order.
- JP-A-8-122504 examples include the configurations described in JP-A-8-110401, JP-A-10-300902, JP-A-2002-243906, JP-A-2000-11706, and the like. Also, a three-layer antireflection film excellent in robustness against film thickness fluctuation is described in JP-A-2008-262187.
- each layer may be provided with other functions, for example, an antifouling low refractive index layer, an antistatic high refractive index layer, an antistatic hard coat layer, an antiglare hard coat layer, and the like. (For example, JP-A-10-206603, JP-A-2002-243906, JP-A-2007-264113, etc.).
- -* / represents a substrate on which a functional layer is laminated.
- -* / represents the above-mentioned optically anisotropic support, optically anisotropic layer, support and the like.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is usually about 0.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, from the viewpoint of imparting sufficient durability and impact resistance to the surface film.
- the strength of the hard coat layer is preferably H or higher, more preferably 2H or higher, and most preferably 3H or higher in the pencil hardness test. Furthermore, in the Taber test according to JIS K5400, the smaller the wear amount of the test piece before and after the test, the better.
- the hard coat layer is preferably formed by a crosslinking reaction or a polymerization reaction of an ionizing radiation curable compound.
- it may be formed by applying a coating composition containing an ionizing radiation-curable polyfunctional monomer or polyfunctional oligomer on a transparent support and subjecting the polyfunctional monomer or polyfunctional oligomer to a crosslinking reaction or a polymerization reaction.
- the functional group of the ionizing radiation curable polyfunctional monomer or polyfunctional oligomer is preferably a light, electron beam, or radiation polymerizable group, and among them, a photopolymerizable functional group is preferable.
- Examples of the photopolymerizable functional group include compounds having a polymerizable functional group such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, and an allyl group. Among them, a (meth) acryloyl group and —C (O) OCH ⁇ CH 2 is preferred.
- the hard coat layer contains matte particles having an average particle diameter of 1.0 to 10.0 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5 to 7.0 ⁇ m, such as inorganic compound particles or resin particles, for the purpose of imparting internal scattering properties. May be.
- the antiglare layer is formed for the purpose of contributing to the film antiglare properties due to surface scattering and preferably hard coat properties for improving the hardness and scratch resistance of the surface film.
- the antiglare layer is described in paragraphs [0178] to [0189] of JP-A-2009-98658, and the same applies to the present invention.
- the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is preferably 1.70 to 1.74, more preferably 1.71 to 1.73.
- the refractive index of the middle refractive index layer is adjusted to be a value between the refractive index of the low refractive index layer and the refractive index of the high refractive index layer.
- the refractive index of the medium refractive index layer is preferably 1.60 to 1.64, and more preferably 1.61 to 1.63.
- the medium refractive index layer can be similarly adjusted using the same material except that the refractive index is different from that of the high refractive index layer, the high refractive index layer will be particularly described below.
- the high refractive index layer is coated with a coating composition containing inorganic fine particles, a curable compound having a tri- or higher functional polymerizable group (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “binder”), a solvent and a polymerization initiator, It is preferable that the solvent is dried and then cured by heating, irradiation with ionizing radiation, or a combination of both means.
- a medium refractive index layer or a high refractive index layer excellent in scratch resistance and adhesion is formed by curing the curable compound by a polymerization reaction by heat and / or ionizing radiation after coating. it can.
- inorganic fine particles As the inorganic fine particles, inorganic fine particles containing metal oxides are preferable, and inorganic fine particles containing at least one metal oxide selected from Ti, Zr, In, Zn, Sn, Al and Sb are more preferable. preferable.
- the inorganic fine particles are preferably zirconium oxide fine particles from the viewpoint of refractive index. Further, from the viewpoint of conductivity, it is preferable to use inorganic fine particles mainly composed of an oxide of at least one kind of metal among Sb, In, and Sn.
- the average particle size of the inorganic fine particles in the layer is preferably 1 to 120 nm, more preferably 1 to 60 nm, and further preferably 2 to 40 nm when zirconium oxide is used as a main component. Within this range, haze is suppressed, dispersion stability, and adhesion with the upper layer due to moderate irregularities on the surface become favorable, which is preferable.
- the amount of inorganic fine particles to be added varies depending on the layer to be added.
- the amount of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 20 to 60% by mass, more preferably 25 to 55% by mass, and more preferably 30 to 50% by mass with respect to the solid content of the entire medium refractive index layer. % Is more preferable.
- the content is preferably 40 to 90% by mass, more preferably 50 to 85% by mass, and still more preferably 60 to 80% by mass with respect to the solid content of the entire high refractive index layer.
- the particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles can be measured by a light scattering method or an electron micrograph.
- the specific surface area of the inorganic fine particles is preferably 10 ⁇ 400m 2 / g, more preferably from 20 ⁇ 200m 2 / g, and most preferably 30 ⁇ 150m 2 / g.
- a polymerizable compound As the curable compound, a polymerizable compound is preferable, and as the polymerizable compound, an ionizing radiation curable polyfunctional monomer or polyfunctional oligomer is preferably used.
- the functional group in these compounds is preferably a light, electron beam, or radiation polymerizable group, and among them, a photopolymerizable functional group is preferable.
- the photopolymerizable functional group include unsaturated polymerizable functional groups such as a (meth) acryloyl group, a vinyl group, a styryl group, and an allyl group. Among them, a (meth) acryloyl group is preferable.
- the compounds described for the ionizing radiation curable compound used for forming the hard coat layer can be preferably used.
- the high refractive index layer in addition to the above components (inorganic fine particles, curable compounds, polymerization initiators, photosensitizers, etc.), surfactants, antistatic agents, coupling agents, thickeners, anti-coloring agents , Colorants (pigments, dyes), antifoaming agents, leveling agents, flame retardants, UV absorbers, infrared absorbers, adhesion promoters, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, surface modifiers, conductive metal particles, Etc. can also be added.
- the medium refractive index layer can be obtained in the same manner using the same material as that of the high refractive index layer.
- the low refractive index layer in the present invention preferably has a refractive index of 1.30 to 1.47.
- the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is desirably 1.33 to 1.38 when the surface film is a multilayer thin film interference type antireflection film (medium refractive index layer / high refractive index layer / low refractive index layer). More desirably, it is desirably 1.35 to 1.37.
- the reflectance can be suppressed and the film strength can be maintained, which is preferable.
- the low refractive index layer can be formed by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, particularly a vacuum vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, which is a kind of physical vapor deposition method. It is preferable to use an all wet coating method using the composition for a low refractive index layer.
- the low refractive index layer can be formed using a fluorine-containing curable polymer, a fluorine-containing curable monomer, a non-fluorine-containing curable monomer, a low refractive index particle, or the like as a constituent component. As these compounds, those described in paragraphs [0018] to [0168] of JP-A-2010-152311 can be used.
- the haze of the low refractive index layer is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2% or less, and most preferably 1% or less.
- the strength of the antireflection film formed up to the low refractive index layer is preferably H or more, more preferably 2H or more, and most preferably 3H or more in a pencil hardness test under a 500 g load.
- the contact angle of the surface with water is 95 ° or more. More preferably, it is 102 ° or more. In particular, a contact angle of 105 ° or more is particularly preferable because the antifouling performance against fingerprints is remarkably improved.
- the contact angle of water is 102 ° or more, and the surface free energy is more preferably 25 dyne / cm or less, particularly preferably 23 dyne / cm or less, and further preferably 20 dyne / cm or less. . Most preferably, the contact angle of water is 105 ° or more and the surface free energy is 20 dyne / cm or less.
- the low refractive index layer is a coating in which a fluorine-containing antifouling agent having a polymerizable unsaturated group, a fluorine-containing copolymer having a polymerizable unsaturated group, inorganic fine particles, and other optional components contained therein are dissolved or dispersed.
- a fluorine-containing antifouling agent having a polymerizable unsaturated group for example, light irradiation, electron beam irradiation, etc.
- heating or a polymerization reaction at the same time as coating or after coating and drying. Is preferred.
- the crosslinking reaction or polymerization reaction is performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 10% by volume or less. It is preferable. By forming in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 1% by volume or less, a cured layer having excellent physical strength and chemical resistance can be obtained.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 1.0% by volume or less, more preferably the oxygen concentration is 0.1% by volume or less, particularly preferably the oxygen concentration is 0.05% by volume or less, and most preferably 0.02% by volume or less. is there.
- nitrogen concentration of about 79% by volume, oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume
- nitrogen purge nitrogen
- the hard coat layer and / or the antireflection layer can contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- an ultraviolet absorber any UV absorber can be used, and any known UV absorber can be used.
- a benzotriazole-based or hydroxyphenyltriazine-based ultraviolet absorber is preferable in order to obtain a high ultraviolet-absorbing property and to obtain an ultraviolet-absorbing ability (ultraviolet-cutting ability) used in an electronic image display device.
- two or more ultraviolet absorbers having different maximum absorption wavelengths can be used in combination.
- a polarizer generally has a protective film.
- the optical layered body can function as a protective film for a polarizer.
- a protective film for a polarizer is laminated separately from the optical laminated body, it is preferable to use a cellulose ester film having high optical isotropy as the protective film.
- a preferable method for producing a polarizing plate used in the present invention includes a step in which the optical laminate and the polarizer are successively laminated in a long state.
- the long polarizing plate is cut in accordance with the screen size of the image display device used.
- a polarizer-integrated optical film functioning as a circularly polarizing plate or an elliptically polarizing plate can be produced with high productivity.
- the organic EL display device of the present invention is a display device in which a light emitting layer or a plurality of organic compound thin films including a light emitting layer is formed between a pair of electrodes of an anode and a cathode, and the circle of the present invention is formed on the viewing side of the organic EL display device. It has a polarizing plate, and is laminated in the order of a polarizer, an optical laminate, and an organic EL display device.
- the organic compound thin film may have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, a protective layer, and the like, and each of these layers has other functions. It may be.
- Each layer such as an electrode of an organic EL display device and an organic compound thin film can be formed by a known material / method.
- Alkaline solution composition Alkaline solution composition (parts by mass) ⁇ Potassium hydroxide 4.7 parts by weight Water 15.8 parts by weight Isopropanol 63.7 parts by weight
- Surfactant SF-1 C 14 H 29 O (CH 2 CH 2 O) 20 H 1.0 part by weight Propylene glycol 14. 8 parts by mass ⁇
- composition of alignment film coating solution Denatured polyvinyl alcohol 10 parts by weight Water 371 parts by weight Methanol 119 parts by weight Glutaraldehyde 0.5 parts by weight Photopolymerization initiator (Irgacure 2959, manufactured by Ciba Japan) 0.3 parts by mass ⁇
- the coating liquid A containing a discotic liquid crystalline compound having the following composition was continuously applied on the prepared alignment film with a wire bar.
- the conveyance speed (V) of the film was 36 m / min.
- the coating liquid was heated with warm air at 120 ° C. for 90 seconds.
- UV irradiation was performed at 80 ° C. to fix the orientation of the liquid crystalline compound, and an optically anisotropic layer having a thickness of 1.60 ⁇ m was formed.
- the produced film 1 had Re (550) at 550 nm of 125 nm and Rth (550) of ⁇ 10 nm.
- the direction of the slow axis was orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rubbing roller. In other words, the slow axis was 45 ° counterclockwise with respect to the longitudinal direction of the support.
- the average inclination angle of the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface was 90 °, and it was confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal was aligned perpendicular to the film surface.
- a stirring shaft that was stirred at a sec (shear stress of 1 ⁇ 10 4 kgf / m / sec 2 ) was used. Swelling was performed with the high speed stirring shaft stopped and the peripheral speed of the stirring shaft having the anchor blades set at 0.5 m / sec.
- Film 3 was produced in the same manner as Film 1 except that TD80UL was changed to cellulose acylate film T1 in the production of Film 1.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 1.60 ⁇ m.
- the average tilt angle of the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- Film 4 was prepared in the same manner as Film 1 except that TD80UL was changed to a commercially available cellulose acylate film “Z-TAC” (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation). Produced.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 1.60 ⁇ m.
- the average tilt angle of the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- film 5 was produced in the same manner as the production method of film 1 except that the wire bar type during the formation of the optically anisotropic layer and the amount of methyl ethyl ketone in the coating solution were appropriately adjusted. did.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 1.77 ⁇ m.
- the disc tilt of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- film 6 is produced in the same manner as the production method of film 1 except that the amount of the wire bar at the time of forming the optically anisotropic layer and the amount of methyl ethyl ketone in the coating solution are appropriately adjusted. did.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 1.48 ⁇ m.
- the disc tilt of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- Film 7 was produced in the same manner as Film 1 except that the wire bar type and the amount of methyl ethyl ketone in the coating solution were appropriately adjusted in the production of Film 1. did.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 2.00 ⁇ m.
- the average tilt angle of the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- film 8 was produced in the same manner as the production method of film 1 except that the amount of the wire bar at the time of forming the optically anisotropic layer and the amount of methyl ethyl ketone in the coating solution were appropriately adjusted. did.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 3.21 ⁇ m.
- the disc tilt of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- a film 16 was produced in the same manner as the production method of the film 1 except that TD80UL was changed to one obtained by subjecting one surface of the film 11 to corona discharge treatment.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic layer was 1.60 ⁇ m.
- the average tilt angle of the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystalline molecules with respect to the film surface is 90 °, and it is confirmed that the discotic liquid crystal is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. did.
- Film 1 and film 11 were prepared, and the liquid crystal layer of film 1 was transferred to film 11 to produce film 17.
- Re (550) at 550 nm was 125 nm and Rth (550) was ⁇ 60 nm.
- Re and Rth of films The characteristics of the produced films 1 to 17 are summarized in the following table.
- Re (550) and Rth (550) of each film were measured at a wavelength of 550 nm using KOBRA21ADH (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) after conditioning the sample 30 mm ⁇ 40 mm for 2 hours at 25 ° C. and 60% RH.
- KOBRA21ADH manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments
- a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film having a thickness of 80 ⁇ m is dyed by dipping in an aqueous iodine solution having an iodine concentration of 0.05% by mass at 30 ° C. for 60 seconds, and then boric acid having a boric acid concentration of 4% by mass. While being immersed in an aqueous solution for 60 seconds, the film was longitudinally stretched 5 times the original length, and then dried at 50 ° C. for 4 minutes to obtain a polarizer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the film containing cellulose acylates was immersed in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 55 mol C at 1.5 mol / liter, and then the sodium hydroxide was sufficiently washed away with water. Then, after being immersed in a diluted sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 0.005 mol / liter at 35 ° C. for 1 minute, it was immersed in water to sufficiently wash away the diluted sulfuric acid aqueous solution. Finally, the sample was thoroughly dried at 120 ° C. About the norbornene-type film and the polycarbonate-type film, the surface was corona-discharge-treated.
- any one of the films (films 1 to 17) and TD80UL are bonded using a polyvinyl adhesive with a polarizer in between, and the combinations shown in Tables 2 to 4 below are combined. A circularly polarizing plate was produced.
- Tables 2-4 The schematic diagram in the following table and the thick frame portion in the table correspond to the ⁇ / 4 plate A.
- POL means a polarizer.
- the absorption axis of the polarizer and the angle of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate A and the ⁇ / 2 plate B represent the angle with respect to the transmission axis of the polarizer.
- the transmission axis and absorption axis of the polarizer are orthogonal.
- the slow axis of the optical laminate including the ⁇ / 4 plate A and the ⁇ / 2 plate B is the same as the angle of the slow axis of the ⁇ / 2 plate B.
- Examples 1 to 10 which are organic EL display devices of the present invention, are Comparative Example 1 having a conventional circularly polarizing plate, or Comparative Examples 2 to 4 having circularly polarizing plates not satisfying the formulas (I) and (II). It can be seen that the visibility under bright light is superior. In other words, combining a Re-dispersible ⁇ / 4 plate, which was previously considered unsuitable as a circularly polarizing plate for an organic EL element, with an Re flat-dispersible ⁇ / 2 plate provides excellent antireflection performance. It was possible to produce a circularly polarizing plate having the same.
- an organic EL display with improved visibility under external light can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
(I): Re(450)>Re(550)>Re(630)
(II): 0.98≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.02
(ここで、Re(λ)は、波長λnmにおける面内レターデーション(nm)である。)
Re順分散性のλ/4板をReフラット分散性のλ/2板と組み合わせることで、優れた反射防止性能を有する円偏光板を作製することができた。
本発明は具体的には以下の手段で達成される。
λ/4板Aと、λ/2板Bとを含む光学積層体及び偏光子を含み、光学積層体の遅相軸と、偏光子の吸収軸とが35°~55°で交差し、λ/4板Aの遅相軸と、λ/2板Bの遅相軸とが直交し、λ/4板Aが下記式(I)を満たし、λ/2板Bが下記式(II)を満たす円偏光板。
(I): Re(450)>Re(550)>Re(630)
(II): 0.98≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.02
(ここで、Re(λ)は、波長λnmにおける面内レターデーション(nm)である。)
〔2〕
λ/4板Aが下記式(III)を満足する〔1〕の円偏光板。
(III): 115nm≦Re(550)≦155nm
〔3〕
λ/4板Aが、透明支持体、配向膜、液晶性化合物を含む光学異方性層を有する〔1〕又は〔2〕の円偏光板。
〔4〕
光学異方性層に含まれる液晶性化合物が、円盤状液晶性化合物であり、円盤状液晶性化合物が垂直配向している〔3〕の円偏光板。
〔5〕
λ/2板Bが下記式(IV)を満足する〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかの円偏光板。
(IV): 235nm≦Re(550)≦300nm
〔6〕
〔1〕~〔5〕のいずれかの円偏光板を含む有機ELディスプレイ。
なお、本実施形態の説明において、「平行」、「直交」、「垂直」とは、厳密な角度±8°未満の範囲内であることを意味する。厳密な角度との誤差は、6°未満であることが好ましく、3°未満であることがより好ましい。
また、角度について、「+」は時計周り方向を意味し、「-」は反時計周り方向を意味するものとする。
また、「遅相軸」は、屈折率が最大となる方向を意味し、更に屈折率の測定波長は、特別な記述がない限り、可視光域(λ=550nm)での値である。
Rth(λ)は、前記Re(λ)を、面内の遅相軸(KOBRA 21ADH、又はWRにより判断される)を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合には、フィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)のフィルム法線方向に対して法線方向から片側50°まで10度ステップで各々その傾斜した方向から波長λnmの光を入射させて全部で6点測定し、その測定されたレターデーション値と平均屈折率の仮定値及び入力された膜厚値を基にKOBRA 21ADH又はWRが算出する。上記において、法線方向から面内の遅相軸を回転軸として、ある傾斜角度にレターデーションの値がゼロとなる方向をもつフィルムの場合には、その傾斜角度より大きい傾斜角度でのレターデーション値はその符号を負に変更した後、KOBRA 21ADH、又はWRが算出する。なお、遅相軸を傾斜軸(回転軸)として(遅相軸がない場合には、フィルム面内の任意の方向を回転軸とする)、任意の傾斜した2方向からレターデーション値を測定し、その値と平均屈折率の仮定値、及び入力された膜厚値を基に、以下の式(A)、及び式(III)よりRthを算出することもできる。
式(A):
Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d・・・・・式(III)
[光学積層体]
以下、λ/4板A及びλ/2板Bを含め、本発明で用いることのできる光学積層体について説明する。
本発明に使用されるλ/4板Aは、支持体自身で目的のλ/4機能を有する光学異方性支持体からなってもよいし、ポリマーフィルムからなる支持体上に光学異方性層等を有していてもよいし、光学異方性層単独で構成されていてもよい。光学異方性層単独で構成されている場合には、光学的に影響を与えない支持体上に他の層を積層させることで所望のλ/4機能を持たせてもよい。光学異方性層の構成材料については特に制限されず、液晶性化合物を含む組成物から形成された光学異方性層であってもポリマーフィルムを延伸した光学異方性層であっても、双方の層を有していてもよい。
本発明に使用されるλ/4板Aは、下記式(I)を満たす。
(I): Re(450)>Re(550)>Re(630)
すなわち、λ/4板AのReは順分散であることが好ましい。具体的には、1.03≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.30であることが好ましく、1.04≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.25であることがより好ましく、1.05≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.20であることが更に好ましい。この範囲であると、後述するλ/2板Bと組み合わせたときに、反射光の色味つきを低減できる
本発明に使用されるλ/4板Aは、下記式(III)を満たすことが好ましい。
(III): 115nm≦Re(550)≦155nm
λ/4板AのRe(550)は、118~150nmであることがより好ましく、120~145nmであることが更に好ましい。この範囲であると、後述するλ/2板Bと組み合わせたときに、反射光の光漏れを低減できる。
λ/4板AのRth(550)は-400~260nmであることが好ましく、-300~160nmがより好ましく、-200~100nmが更に好ましい。この範囲であると、後述するλ/2板Bと組み合わせたときに、斜め反射光に対する入射角度依存性が小さい光学積層体を得ることができる。
本発明に使用されるλ/4板Aが、支持体上に光学異方性層等を有する態様には、支持体と光学異方性層等を合わせた全体のRe及びRthが上記範囲を満たすことが好ましい。
本発明に使用されるλ/2板Bは、下記式(II)を満たす。
(II): 0.98≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.02
すなわち、λ/2板BのReはフラット分散であることが好ましい。0.98≦Re(630)/Re(550)≦1.02であることが好ましく、0.99≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.01であることがより好ましく、0.99≦Re(630)/Re(550)≦1.01であることが更に好ましい。この範囲であると、前述したλ/4板Aと組み合わせたときに、反射光の色味つきを低減できるため好ましい。
本発明に使用されるλ/2板Bの面内レターデーションRe(550)は、下記式(IV)を満たすことが好ましい。
(IV): 235nm≦Re(550)≦300nm
λ/2板BのRe(550)は、235~280nmであることがより好ましく、240~270nmであることが更に好ましい。この範囲であると、前述したλ/4板Aと組み合わせたときに、反射光の光漏れを低減できるため好ましい。
λ/2板BのRth(550)は-400~260nmであることが好ましく、-200~200nmがより好ましく、-100~150nmが更に好ましい。この範囲であると前記術したλ/4板Aと組み合わせたときに、斜め反射光に対する入射角度依存性が小さい光学積層体を得ることができる。
本発明に使用されるλ/2板Bが、支持体上に光学異方性層等を有する態様の場合に、支持体と光学異方性層等を合わせた全体のRe及びRthが上記範囲を満たすことが好ましい。
光学異方性層の形成に用いられる液晶性化合物の種類については特に制限されない。例えば、低分子液晶性化合物を液晶状態においてネマチック配向に形成後、光架橋や熱架橋によって固定化して得られる光学異方性層や、高分子液晶性化合物を液晶状態においてネマチック配向に形成後、冷却することによって当該配向を固定化して得られる光学異方性層を用いることもできる。なお本発明では、光学異方性層に液晶性化合物が用いられる場合であっても、光学異方性層は、該液晶性化合物が重合等によって固定されて形成された層であり、層となった後はもはや液晶性を示す必要はない。重合性液晶性化合物は、多官能性重合性液晶でもよいし、単官能性重合性液晶性化合物でもよい。また、液晶性化合物は、ディスコティック液晶性化合物でもよいし、棒状液晶性化合物でもよい。
液晶性化合物
本発明では、光学異方性層の形成に、ディスコティック液晶性化合物を用いるのが好ましい。ディスコティック液晶性化合物は、様々な文献(C.Destrade et al.,Mol.Crysr.Liq.Cryst.,vol.71,page 111(1981);日本化学会編、季刊化学総説、No.22、液晶の化学、第5章、第10章第2節(1994);B.Kohne et al.,Angew.Chem.Soc.Chem.Comm.,page 1794(1985);J.Zhang et al.,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,vol.116,page 2655(1994))に記載されている。ディスコティック液晶性化合物の重合については、特開平8-27284号公報に記載がある。
D(-L-P)n
式中、Dは円盤状コアであり、Lは二価の連結基であり、Pは重合性基であり、nは1~12の整数である。前記式中の円盤状コア(D)、二価の連結基(L)及び重合性基(P)の好ましい具体例は、それぞれ、特開2001-4837号公報に記載の(D1)~(D15)、(L1)~(L25)、(P1)~(P18)であり、同公報に記載の内容を好ましく用いることができる。なお、液晶性化合物のディスコティックネマティック液晶相-固相転移温度は、30~300℃が好ましく、30~170℃が更に好ましい。
Y11、Y12及びY13は、化合物の合成の容易さ及びコストの点において、いずれもメチンであることがより好ましく、メチンは無置換であることが更に好ましい。
L1、L2及びL3が二価の連結基の場合、それぞれ独立に、-O-,-S-、-C(=O)-、-NR7-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、二価の環状基及びこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる二価の連結基であることが好ましい。上記R7は炭素原子数1~7のアルキル基又は水素原子であり、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基又は水素原子であることが好ましく、メチル基、エチル基又は水素原子であることが更に好ましく、水素原子であることが最も好ましい。
XAは、酸素原子、硫黄原子、メチレン又はイミノを表し;
*は上記一般式(I)におけるL1~L3側と結合する位置を表し;
**は上記一般式(I)におけるR1~R3側と結合する位置を表す。
XBは、酸素原子、硫黄原子、メチレン又はイミノを表し;
*は上記一般式(I)におけるL1~L3側と結合する位置を表し;
**は上記一般式(I)におけるR1~R3側と結合する位置を表す。
*-(-L21-Q2)n1-L22-L23-Q1
一般式(I-R)中、*は、一般式(I)におけるH1~H3側と結合する位置を表す。
L21は単結合又は二価の連結基を表す。L21が二価の連結基の場合、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)-、-NR7-、-CH=CH-及び-C≡C-並びにこれらの組み合わせからなる群より選ばれる二価の連結基であることが好ましい。上記R7は炭素原子数1~7のアルキル基又は水素原子であり、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基又は水素原子であることが好ましく、メチル基、エチル基又は水素原子であることが更に好ましく、水素原子であることが最も好ましい。
L22は、好ましくは、**-O-、**-O-CO-、**-CO-O-、**-O-CO-O-、**-CH2-、**-CH=CH-、**-C≡C-であり、より好ましくは、**-O-、**-O-CO-、**-O-CO-O-、**-CH2-である。L22が水素原子を含む基であるときは、該水素原子は置換基で置換されていてもよい。このような置換基として、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数2~6のアシル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルキルチオ基、炭素原子数2~6のアシルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~6のアルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、炭素原子数2~6のアルキルで置換されたカルバモイル基及び炭素原子数2~6のアシルアミノ基が好ましい例として挙げられ、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基がより好ましい。
上記式(M-1)~(M-6)の中、(M-1)又は(M-2)が好ましく、(M-1)がより好ましい。
A11及びA12は、少なくとも一方が窒素原子であることが好ましく、両方が窒素原子であることがより好ましい。
A13、A14、A15及びA16は、それらのうち、少なくとも3つがメチンであることが好ましく、すべてメチンであることがより好ましい。更に、メチンは無置換であることが好ましい。
A11、A12、A13、A14、A15又はA16がメチンの場合の置換基の例には、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルケニル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキニル基、炭素原子数1~16のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキルチオ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキル置換カルバモイル基及び炭素原子数2~16のアシルアミノ基が含まれる。これらの中でも、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~4のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基がより好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数が1~3のアルキル基、トリフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
X1は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、メチレン又はイミノを表し、酸素原子が好ましい。
A21及びA22は、少なくとも一方が窒素原子であることが好ましく、両方が窒素原子であることがより好ましい。
A23、A24、A25及びA26は、それらのうち、少なくとも3つがメチンであることが好ましく、すべてメチンであることがより好ましい。
A21、A22、A23、A24、A25又はA26がメチンの場合の置換基の例には、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルケニル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキニル基、炭素原子数1~16のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキルチオ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキル置換カルバモイル基及び炭素原子数2~16のアシルアミノ基が含まれる。これらの中でも、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~4のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基がより好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数が1~3のアルキル基、トリフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
X2は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、メチレン又はイミノを表し、酸素原子が好ましい。
A31及びA32は、少なくとも一方が窒素原子であることが好ましく、両方が窒素原子であることがより好ましい。
A33、A34、A35及びA36は、少なくとも3つがメチンであることが好ましく、すべてメチンであることがより好ましい。
A31、A32、A33、A34、A35又はA36がメチンの場合、メチンは置換基を有していてもよい。置換基の例には、ハロゲン原子(フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子)、シアノ基、ニトロ基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルケニル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキニル基、炭素原子数1~16のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシル基、炭素原子数1~16のアルキルチオ基、炭素原子数2~16のアシルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~16のアルコキシカルボニル基、カルバモイル基、炭素原子数2~16のアルキル置換カルバモイル基及び炭素原子数2~16のアシルアミノ基が含まれる。これらの中でも、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~4のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~4のハロゲンで置換されたアルキル基がより好ましく、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数が1~3のアルキル基、トリフルオロメチル基が更に好ましい。
X3は、酸素原子、硫黄原子、メチレン又はイミノを表し、酸素原子が好ましい。
本発明では、λ/4板A及びλ/2板Bが有する光学異方性層の形成に、棒状液晶性化合物を用いてもよい。棒状液晶性化合物としては、アゾメチン類、アゾキシ類、シアノビフェニル類、シアノフェニルエステル類、安息香酸エステル類、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸フェニルエステル類、シアノフェニルシクロヘキサン類、シアノ置換フェニルピリミジン類、アルコキシ置換フェニルピリミジン類、フェニルジオキサン類、トラン類及びアルケニルシクロヘキシルベンゾニトリル類が好ましく用いられる。以上のような低分子液晶性化合物だけではなく、高分子液晶性化合物も用いることができる。棒状液晶性化合物を重合によって配向を固定することがより好ましい。液晶性化合物には活性光線や電子線、熱などによって重合や架橋反応を起こしうる部分構造を有するものが好適に用いられる。その部分構造の個数は好ましくは1~6個、より好ましくは1~3個である。重合性棒状液晶性化合物としては、Makromol.Chem.,190巻、2255頁(1989年)、Advanced Materials 5巻、107頁(1993年)、米国特許第4683327号明細書、同5622648号明細書、同5770107号明細書、国際公開WO95/22586号公報、同95/24455号公報、同97/00600号公報、同98/23580号公報、同98/52905号公報、特開平1-272551号公報、同6-16616号公報、同7-110469号公報、同11-80081号公報、及び特開2001-328973号公報などに記載の化合物を用いることができる。
前記光学異方性層を形成する際に、液晶性化合物の分子を均一に垂直配向させるためには、配向膜界面側及び空気界面側において液晶性化合物を垂直に配向制御可能な配向制御剤を用いるのが好ましい。この目的のために、配向膜に、排除体積効果、静電気的効果又は表面エネルギー効果によって液晶性化合物を垂直に配向させる作用を及ぼす化合物を、液晶性化合物とともに含有する組成物を用いて光学異方性層を形成するのが好ましい。また、空気界面側の配向制御に関しては液晶性化合物の配向時に空気界面に偏在し、その排除体積効果、静電気的効果、又は表面エネルギー効果によって液晶性化合物を垂直に配向させる作用を及ぼす化合物を、液晶性化合物とともに含有する組成物を用いて光学異方性層を形成するのが好ましい。このような配向膜界面側で液晶性化合物の分子を垂直に配向させるのを促進する化合物(配向膜界面側垂直配向剤)としては、ピリジニウム誘導体が好適に用いられる。空気界面側で液晶性化合物の分子を垂直に配向させるのを促進する化合物(空気界面側垂直配向剤)としては、該化合物が空気界面側に偏在するのを促進する、フルオロ脂肪族基と、カルボキシル基(-COOH)、スルホ基(-SO3H)、ホスホノキシ基{-OP(=O)(OH)2}及びそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の親水性基とを含む化合物が好適に用いられる。また、これらの化合物を配合することによって、例えば、液晶性組成物を塗布液として調製した場合に、該塗布液の塗布性が改善され、ムラ、ハジキの発生が抑制される。以下に垂直配向剤に関して詳細に説明する。
本発明に使用可能な配向膜界面側垂直配向剤としては、下記一般式(II)で表されるピリジニウム誘導体(ピリジニウム塩)が好適に用いられる。該ピリジニウム誘導体の少なくとも1種を前記液晶性組成物に添加することによって、ディスコティック液晶性化合物の分子を配向膜近傍で実質的に垂直に配向させることができる。
L23は、単結合、-O-、-O-CO-、-CO-O-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CH=N-、-N=CH-、-N=N-、-O-AL-O-、-O-AL-O-CO-、-O-AL-CO-O-、-CO-O-AL-O-、-CO-O-AL-O-CO-、-CO-O-AL-CO-O-、-O-CO-AL-O-、-O-CO-AL-O-CO-又は-O-CO-AL-CO-O-であるのが好ましく、ALは、炭素原子数が1~10のアルキレン基である。L23は、単結合、-O-、-O-AL-O-、-O-AL-O-CO-、-O-AL-CO-O-、-CO-O-AL-O-、-CO-O-AL-O-CO-、-CO-O-AL-CO-O-、-O-CO-AL-O-、-O-CO-AL-O-CO-又は-O-CO-AL-CO-O-が好ましく、単結合又は-O-が更に好ましく、-O-が最も好ましい。
R22が、ジアルキル置換アミノ基である場合、2つのアルキル基が互いに結合して含窒素複素環を形成してもよい。このとき形成される含窒素複素環は、5員環又は6員環が好ましい。R22は水素原子、無置換アミノ基、又は炭素原子数が2~12のジアルキル置換アミノ基であるのが更に好ましく、水素原子、無置換アミノ基、又は炭素原子数が2~8のジアルキル置換アミノ基であるのがより更に好ましい。R22が無置換アミノ基及び置換アミノ基である場合、ピリジニウム環の4位が置換されていることが好ましい。
Xは、一価のアニオンであることが好ましい。アニオンの例には、アニオンの例には、ハロゲン陰イオン(例え、フッ素イオン、塩素イオン、臭素イオン、ヨウ素イオンなど)、スルホネートイオン(例えば、メタンスルホン酸イオン、トリフルオロメタンスルホン酸イオン、メチル硫酸イオン、p-トルエンスルホン酸イオン、p-クロロベンゼンスルホン酸イオン、1,3-ベンゼンジスルホン酸イオン、1,5-ナフタレンジスルホン酸イオン、2,6-ナフタレンジスルホン酸イオンなど)、硫酸イオン、炭酸イオン、硝酸イオン、チオシアン酸イオン、過塩素酸イオン、テトラフルオロほう酸イオン、ピクリン酸イオン、酢酸イオン、ギ酸イオン、トリフルオロ酢酸イオン、リン酸イオン(例えば、ヘキサフルオロリン酸イオン)、水酸イオンなどが挙げられる。Xは、好ましくは、ハロゲン陰イオン、スルホネートイオン、水酸イオンである。
前記5又は6員環が置換基を有していてもよい。好ましくは、Y22及びY23のうち少なくとも1つは、置換基を有する5又は6員環を部分構造として有する2価の連結基である。Y22及びY23は、それぞれ独立に、置換基を有していてもよい6員環を部分構造として有する2価の連結基であるのが好ましい。6員環は、脂肪族環、芳香族環(ベンゼン環)及び複素環を含む。6員脂肪族環の例は、シクロヘキサン環、シクロヘキセン環及びシクロヘキサジエン環を含む。6員複素環の例は、ピラン環、ジオキサン環、ジチアン環、チイン環、ピリジン環、ピペリジン環、オキサジン環、モルホリン環、チアジン環、ピリダジン環、ピリミジン環、ピラジン環、ピペラジン環及びトリアジン環を含む。6員環に、他の6員環又は5員環が縮合していてもよい。
置換基の例は、ハロゲン原子、シアノ、炭素原子数が1~12のアルキル基及び炭素原子数が1~12のアルコキシ基を含む。アルキル基及びアルコキシ基は、炭素原子数が2~12のアシル基又は炭素原子数が2~12のアシルオキシ基で置換されていてもよい。置換基は、炭素原子数が1~12(より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~3)のアルキル基であるのが好ましい。置換基は2以上であってもよく、例えば、Y22及びY23がフェニレン基である場合は、1~4の炭素原子数が1~12(より好ましくは1~6、更に好ましくは1~3)のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい。
mが2の場合、Z21は、シアノ、炭素原子数が1~25のアルキル基又は炭素原子数が1~25のアルコキシ基であることが好ましく、炭素原子数4~20のアルコキシ基であるのが更に好ましい。
mが1の場合、Z21は、炭素原子数が7~25のアルキル基、炭素原子数が7~25のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数が7~25のアシル置換アルキル基、炭素原子数が7~25のアシル置換アルコキシ基、炭素原子数が7~12のアシルオキシ置換アルキル基又は炭素原子数が7~25のアシルオキシ置換アルコキシ基であることが好ましい。
本発明における空気界面側垂直配向剤としては、下記フッ素系ポリマー(II)又は一般式(III)で表される含フッ素化合物が好適に用いられる。
(連結基群)
単結合、-O-、-CO-、-NR4-(R4は水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、又はアラルキル基を表す)、-S-、-SO2-、-P(=O)(OR5)-(R5はアルキル基、アリール基、又はアラルキル基を表す)、アルキレン基及びアリーレン基;
Qはカルボキシル基(-COOH)若しくはその塩、スルホ基(-SO3H)若しくはその塩、又はホスホノキシ{-OP(=O)(OH)2}若しくはその塩を表す。
(III)
(R0)m-L0-(W)n
式中、R0はアルキル基、末端にCF3基を有するアルキル基、又は末端にCF2H基を有するアルキル基を表し、mは1以上の整数を表す。複数個のR0は同一でも異なっていてもよいが、少なくとも一つは末端にCF3基又はCF2H基を有するアルキル基を表す。L0は(m+n)価の連結基を表し、Wはカルボキシル基(-COOH)若しくはその塩、スルホ基(-SO3H)若しくはその塩、又はホスホノキシ{-OP(=O)(OH)2}若しくはその塩を表し、nは1以上の整数を表す。
本発明に使用可能なフッ素系ポリマーは、フルオロ脂肪族基と、カルボキシル基(-COOH)、スルホ基(-SO3H)、ホスホノキシ基{-OP(=O)(OH)2}及びそれらの塩からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の親水性基とを含有することを特徴とする。ポリマーの種類としては、「改訂 高分子合成の化学」(大津隆行著、発行:株式会社化学同人、1968)1~4ページに記載があり、例えば、ポリオレフィン類、ポリエステル類、ポリアミド類、ポリイミド類、ポリウレタン類、ポリカーボネート類、ポリスルホン類、ポリカーボナート類、ポリエーテル類、ポリアセタール類、ポリケトン類、ポリフェニレンオキシド類、ポリフェニレンスルフィド類、ポリアリレート類、PTFE類、ポリビニリデンフロライド類、セルロース誘導体などが挙げられる。前記フッ素系ポリマーは、ポリオレフィン類であることが好ましい。
(連結基群)
単結合、-O-、-CO-、-NRb-(Rbは水素原子、アルキル基、アリール基、又はアラルキル基を表す)、-S-、-SO2-、-P(=O)(ORc)-(Rcはアルキル基、アリール基、又はアラルキル基を表す)、アルキレン基及びアリーレン基。
(置換基群)
アルキル基(好ましくは炭素数1~20、より好ましくは炭素数1~12、特に好ましくは炭素数1~8のアルキル基であり、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、tert-ブチル基、n-オクチル基、n-デシル基、n-ヘキサデシル基、シクロプロピル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基などが挙げられる)、アルケニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~20、より好ましくは炭素数2~12、特に好ましくは炭素数2~8のアルケニル基であり、例えば、ビニル基、アリール基、2-ブテニル基、3-ペンテニル基などが挙げられる)、アルキニル基(好ましくは炭素数2~20、より好ましくは炭素数2~12、特に好ましくは炭素数2~8のアルキニル基であり、例えば、プロパルギル基、3-ペンチニル基などが挙げられる)、アリール基(好ましくは炭素数6~30、より好ましくは炭素数6~20、特に好ましくは炭素数6~12のアリール基であり、例えば、フェニル基、p-メチルフェニル基、ナフチル基などが挙げられる)、アラルキル基(好ましくは炭素数7~30、より好ましくは炭素数7~20、特に好ましくは炭素数7~12のアラルキル基であり、例えば、ベンジル基、フェネチル基、3-フェニルプロピル基などが挙げられる)、置換若しくは無置換のアミノ基(好ましくは炭素数0~20、より好ましくは炭素数0~10、特に好ましくは炭素数0~6のアミノ基であり、例えば、無置換アミノ基、メチルアミノ基、ジメチルアミノ基、ジエチルアミノ基、アニリノ基などが挙げられる)、
以下にLの具体的構造としては、特開2006-113500公報の段落[0090]~[0091]に記載の構造等が挙げられるが、本発明はそれら具体例によってなんら制限されるものではない。
(1)アルケン類
エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、イソブテン、1-ヘキセン、1-ドデセン、1-オクタデセン、1-エイコセン、ヘキサフルオロプロペン、フッ化ビニリデン、クロロトリフルオロエチレン、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピレン、テトラフルオロエチレン、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデンなど;
(2)ジエン類
1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレン、1,3-ペンタジエン、2-エチル-1,3-ブタジエン、2-n-プロピル-1,3-ブタジエン、2,3-ジメチル-1,3-ブタジエン、2-メチル-1,3-ペンタジエン、1-フェニル-1,3-ブタジエン、1-α-ナフチル-1,3-ブタジエン、1-β-ナフチル-1,3-ブタジエン、2-クロロ-1,3-ブタジエン、1-ブロモ-1,3-ブタジエン、1-クロロブタジエン、2-フルオロ-1,3-ブタジエン、2,3-ジクロロ-1,3-ブタジエン、1,1,2-トリクロロ-1,3-ブタジエン及び2-シアノ-1,3-ブタジエン、1,4-ジビニルシクロヘキサンなど;
(3a)アルキルアクリレート類
メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリレート、n-プロピルアクリレート、イソプロピルアクリレート、n-ブチルアクリレート、イソブチルアクリレート、sec-ブチルアクリレート、tert-ブチルアクリレート、アミルアクリレート、n-ヘキシルアクリレート、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、2-エチルへキシルアクリレート、n-オクチルアクリレート、tert-オクチルアクリレート、ドデシルアクリレート、フェニルアクリレート、ベンジルアクリレート、2-クロロエチルアクリレート、2-ブロモエチルアクリレート、4-クロロブチルアクリレート、2-シアノエチルアクリレート、2-アセトキシエチルアクリレート、メトキシベンジルアクリレート、2-クロロシクロヘキシルアクリレート、フルフリルアクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルアクリレート、2-メトキシエチルアクリレート、ω-メトキシポリエチレングリコールアクリレート(ポリオキシエチレンの付加モル数:n=2ないし100のもの)、3-メトキシブチルアクリレート、2-エトキシエチルアクリレート、2-ブトキシエチルアクリレート、2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチルアクリレート、1-ブロモ-2-メトキシエチルアクリレート、1,1-ジクロロ-2-エトキシエチルアクリレート、グリシジルアクリレートなど);
メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、n-プロピルメタクリレート、イソプロピルメタクリレート、n-ブチルメタクリレート、イソブチルメタクリレート、sec-ブチルメタクリレート、tert-ブチルメタクリレート、アミルメタクリレート、n-ヘキシルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、2-エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、n-オクチルメタクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレート、ベンジルメタクリレート、フェニルメタクリレート、アリルメタクリレート、フルフリルメタクリレート、テトラヒドロフルフリルメタクリレート、クレジルメタクリレート、ナフチルメタクリレート、2-メトキシエチルメタクリレート、3-メトキシブチルメタクリレート、ω-メトキシポリエチレングリコールメタクリレート(ポリオキシエチレンの付加モル数:n=2ないし100のもの)、2-アセトキシエチルメタクリレート、2-エトキシエチルメタクリレート、2-ブトキシエチルメタクリレート、2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)エチルメタクリレート、グリシジルメタクリレート、3-トリメトキシシリルプロピルメタクリレート、アリルメタクリレート、2-イソシアナトエチルメタクリレートなど;
マレイン酸ジメチル、マレイン酸ジブチル、イタコン酸ジメチル、タコン酸ジブチル、クロトン酸ジブチル、クロトン酸ジヘキシル、フマル酸ジエチル、フマル酸ジメチルなど;
N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミド、N,N-ジエチルアクリルアミド、N-n-プロピルアクリルアミド、N-tertブチルアクリルアミド、N-tertオクチルメタクリルアミド、N-シクロヘキシルアクリルアミド、N-フェニルアクリルアミド、N-(2-アセトアセトキシエチル)アクリルアミド、N-ベンジルアクリルアミド、N-アクリロイルモルフォリン、ジアセトンアクリルアミド、N-メチルマレイミドなど;
アクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリルなど;
(5)スチレン及びその誘導体
スチレン、ビニルトルエン、エチルスチレン、p-tertブチルスチレン、p-ビニル安息香酸メチル、α-メチルスチレン、p-クロロメチルスチレン、ビニルナフタレン、p-メトキシスチレン、p-ヒドロキシメチルスチレン、p-アセトキシスチレンなど;
(6)ビニルエステル類
酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、酪酸ビニル、イソ酪酸ビニル、安息香酸ビニル、サリチル酸ビニル、クロロ酢酸ビニル、メトキシ酢酸ビニル、フェニル酢酸ビニルなど;
メチルビニルエーテル、エチルビニルエーテル、n-プロピルビニルエーテル、イソプロピルビニルエーテル、n-ブチルビニルエーテル、イソブチルビニルエーテル、tert-ブチルビニルエーテル、n-ペンチルビニルエーテル、n-ヘキシルビニルエーテル、n-オクチルビニルエーテル、n-ドデシルビニルエーテル、n-エイコシルビニルエーテル、2-エチルヘキシルビニルエーテル、シクロヘキシルビニルエーテル、フルオロブチルビニルエーテル、フルオロブトキシエチルビニルエーテルなど;及び
(8)その他の重合性単量体
N-ビニルピロリドン、メチルビニルケトン、フェニルビニルケトン、メトキシエチルビニルケトン、2-ビニルオキサゾリン、2-イソプロペニルオキサゾリンなど。
R2:n-C6F13-
R3:n-C4F9-
R4:n-C8F17-(CH2)2-
R5:n-C6F13-(CH2)2-
R6:n-C4F9-(CH2)2-
R7:H-(CF2)8-
R8:H-(CF2)6-
R9:H-(CF2)4-
R10:H-(CF2)8-(CH2)-
R11:H-(CF2)6-(CH2)-
R12:H-(CF2)4-(CH2)-
(R6-L2-)m2(Ar1)-W3
R4及びR5は前記式(III)におけるR0と同義であり,その好ましい範囲も同一である。W1及びW2で表されるカルボキシル基(-COOH)若しくはその塩、スルホ基(-SO3H)若しくはその塩、ホスホノキシ基{-OP(=O)(OH)2}若しくはその塩は前記式(III)におけるWと同義でありその好ましい範囲も同一である。W1及びW2で表される置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキル基は、直鎖状であっても分岐鎖状であってもよく、好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキル基であり、更に好ましくは1~8のアルキル基であり、特に好ましくは1~3のアルキル基である。前記置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキル基は、少なくとも一つのカルボキシル基、スルホ基、又はホスホノキシ基を有していればよく、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基としては、前記式(III)中のWが表すカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基と同義であり好ましい範囲も同一である。前記置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキル基は、これ以外の置換基によって置換されていてもよく、該置換基としては後述の置換基群Dとして例示した置換基のいずれかを適用できる。W1及びW2で表される置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルコキシ基は、直鎖状であっても分岐鎖状であってもよく、好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基であり、更に好ましくは1~8のアルコキシ基であり、特に好ましくは1~4のアルコキシ基である。前記置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルコキシ基は、少なくとも一つのカルボキシル基、スルホ基、又はホスホノキシ基を有していればよく、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基としては、前記式(III)中のWが表す親カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基と同義であり好ましい範囲も同一である。前記カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルコキシ基は、これ以外の置換基によって置換されていてもよく、該置換基としては後述の置換基群Dとして例示した置換基のいずれかを適用できる。W1及びW2で表される置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキルアミノ基は、直鎖状であっても分岐鎖状であってもよく、好ましくは炭素数1~20のアルキルアミノ基であり、更に好ましくは1~8のアルキルアミノ基であり、特に好ましくは1~4のアルキルアミノ基である。前記カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキルアミノ基は、少なくとも一つのカルボキシル基、スルホ基、又はホスホノキシ基を有していればよく、カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基としては、前記式(III)中のWが表すカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基と同義であり好ましい範囲も同一である。前記カルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキルアミノ基は、これ以外の置換基によって置換されていてもよく、該置換基としては後述の置換基群Dとして例示した置換基のいずれかを適用できる。
R6は前記式(III)におけるR0と同義であり,その好ましい範囲も同一である。L2は、好ましくは炭素数1~12のアルキレン基、炭素数6~12の芳香族基、-CO-、-NR-、-O-、-S-、-SO-、-SO2-及びそれらの組み合わせからなる総炭素数0~40の連結基を表し、特に好ましくは炭素数1~8のアルキレン基、フェニル基、-CO-、-NR-、-O-、-S-、-SO2-及びそれらの組み合わせからなる総炭素数0~20の連結基を表す。Ar1は、好ましくは炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素環を表し、特に好ましくはベンゼン環又はナフタレン環を表す。W3で表されるカルボキシル基(-COOH)若しくはその塩、スルホ基(-SO3H)若しくはその塩、ホスホノキシ基{-OP(=O)(OH)2}若しくはその塩、又は置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキル基、アルコキシ基、又はアルキルアミノ基は、前記式(III)-aにおけるW1及びW2で表されるカルボキシル基(-COOH)若しくはその塩、スルホ基(-SO3H)若しくはその塩、ホスホノキシ{-OP(=O)(OH)2}若しくはその塩、又は置換基としてカルボキシル基、スルホ基、ホスホノキシ基を有するアルキル基、アルコキシ基、又はアルキルアミノ基と同義でありその好ましい範囲も同一である。
配向させた液晶性化合物は、配向状態を維持して固定する。固定は重合反応を用いることが好ましく、重合反応には、熱重合開始剤を用いる熱重合反応と光重合開始剤を用いる光重合反応とが含まれる。光重合反応が好ましい。光重合開始剤の例には、α-カルボニル化合物(米国特許2367661号、同2367670号の各明細書記載)、アシロインエーテル(米国特許2448828号明細書記載)、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物(米国特許2722512号明細書記載)、多核キノン化合物(米国特許3046127号、同2951758号の各明細書記載)、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせ(米国特許3549367号明細書記載)、アクリジン及びフェナジン化合物(特開昭60-105667号公報、米国特許4239850号明細書記載)及びオキサジアゾール化合物(米国特許4212970号明細書記載)が含まれる。
上記の液晶性化合物と共に、可塑剤、界面活性剤、重合性モノマー等を併用して、塗工膜の均一性、膜の強度、液晶性化合物の配向性等を向上させることができる。これらの素材は液晶性化合物と相溶性を有し、配向を阻害しないことが好ましい。
塗布液の調製に使用する溶媒としては、有機溶媒が好ましく用いられる。有機溶媒の例には、アミド(例、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド)、スルホキシド(例、ジメチルスルホキシド)、ヘテロ環化合物(例、ピリジン)、炭化水素(例、ベンゼン、ヘキサン)、アルキルハライド(例、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン)、エステル(例、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチル)、ケトン(例、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン)、エーテル(例、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン)が含まれる。アルキルハライド及びケトンが好ましい。二種類以上の有機溶媒を併用してもよい。
塗布液の塗布は、公知の方法(例、ワイヤーバーコーティング法、押し出しコーティング法、ダイレクトグラビアコーティング法、リバースグラビアコーティング法、ダイコーティング法)により実施できる。中でも、前記光学異方性層を形成する際は、ワイヤーバーコーティング法を利用して塗布するのが好ましく、ワイヤーバーの回転数は下記式を満たすことが好ましい。
0.6<(W×(R+2r)×π)/V<1.4
[W:ワイヤーバーの回転数(rpm)、R:バーの芯の直径(m)、r:ワイヤーの直径(m)、V:支持体の搬送速度(m/min)]
(W×(R+2r)×π)/Vの範囲は、0.7~1.3であることがより好ましく、0.8~1.2であることが更に好ましい。
本発明の光学異方性層は、配向膜の表面に液晶性化合物を含む組成物を塗布して、液晶性化合物の分子を配向させて作製するのが好ましい。配向膜は液晶性化合物の配向方向を規定する機能を有するため、本発明の好ましい態様を実現する上で利用するのが好ましい。しかし、液晶性化合物を配向後にその配向状態を固定してしまえば、配向膜はその役割を果たしているために、本発明の構成要素としては必ずしも必須のものではない。即ち、配向状態が固定された配向膜上の光学異方性層のみを偏光層や支持体上に転写して本発明の偏光板を作製することも可能である。
配向膜は、有機化合物(好ましくはポリマー)のラビング処理、無機化合物の斜方蒸着、マイクログルーブを有する層の形成、あるいはラングミュア・ブロジェット法(LB膜)による有機化合物(例、ω-トリコサン酸、ジオクタデシルメチルアンモニウムクロライド、ステアリル酸メチル)の累積のような手段で設けることができる。更に、電場の付与、磁場の付与あるいは光照射により、配向機能が生じる配向膜も知られている。
配向膜は、ポリマーのラビング処理により形成することが好ましい。
透明支持体のRe(550)は0~50nmであることが好ましく、0~30nmであることが更に好ましく、0~10nmであることが最も好ましい。また、支持体のRth(550)は-300nm~300nmであることが好ましく、-100nm~200nmであることが好ましく、-60nm~60nmであることが最も好ましい。支持体の光学異方性は、その上に設けられる光学異方性層との組み合わせによって選択することが好ましい。
逐次流延法は、流延用支持体の上に先ず第1層用の流延用ドープを流延用ギーサから押出して、流延し、乾燥あるいは乾燥することなく、その上に第2層用の流延用ドープを流延用ギーサから押出して流延する要領で、必要なら第3層以上まで逐次ドープを流延・積層して、適当な時期に支持体から剥ぎ取って、乾燥しフィルムを成形する流延法である。
塗布法は、一般的には、コア層のフィルムを溶液製膜法によりフィルムに成形し、表層に塗布する塗布液を調製し、適当な塗布機を用いて、片面ずつ又は両面同時にフィルムに塗布液を塗布・乾燥して積層構造のフィルムを成形する方法である。
光学異方性層が液晶性化合物から形成される場合には、光学異方性層の遅相軸の角度はラビングの角度で調整できる。λ/4板が延伸処理したポリマーフィルムから形成される場合は、延伸方向によって遅相軸の角度が調整できる。長尺状フィルムの長手方向に対して光学異方性層の遅相軸を平行でも直交でもない角度にすることで、後述する円偏光板の製造において、長尺状の偏光子とロールトゥロールによる貼り合せが可能になり、貼り合せの軸角度の精度が高く、生産性の高い円偏光板の製造が可能になる。
本発明の円偏光板は、目的に応じて必要な機能層を単独又は複数層設けてもよい。機能層としては、ハードコート層、反射防止層ハードコート層等が挙げられる。該反射防止層は、光学干渉によって反射率が減少するように屈折率、膜厚、層の数、層順等を考慮して設計された,少なくとも一層以上の層からなる層である。
反射防止層は、最も単純な構成では、フィルムの最表面に低屈折率層のみを塗設した構成である。更に反射率を低下させるには、屈折率の高い高屈折率層と、屈折率の低い低屈折率層を組み合わせて反射防止層を構成することが好ましい。構成例としては、下側から順に、高屈折率層/低屈折率層の2層のものや、屈折率の異なる3層を、中屈折率層(下層よりも屈折率が高く、高屈折率層よりも屈折率の低い層)/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の順に積層されているもの等があり、更に多くの反射防止層を積層するものも提案されている。中でも、耐久性、光学特性、コストや生産性等から、ハードコート層上に、中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層の順に有することが好ましく、例えば、特開平8-122504号公報、特開平8-110401号公報、特開平10-300902号公報、特開2002-243906号公報、特開2000-111706号公報等に記載の構成が挙げられる。また、膜厚変動に対するロバスト性に優れる3層構成の反射防止フィルムは特開2008-262187号公報記載されている。上記3層構成の反射防止フィルムは、画像表示装置の表面に設置した場合、反射率の平均値を0.5%以下とすることができ、映り込みを著しく低減することができ、立体感に優れる画像を得ることができる。また、各層に他の機能を付与させてもよく、例えば、防汚性の低屈折率層、帯電防止性の高屈折率層、帯電防止性のハードコート層、防眩性のハードコート層としたもの(例、特開平10-206603号公報、特開2002-243906号公報、特開2007-264113号公報等)等が挙げられる。
・-*/ハードコート層
・-*/低屈折率層
・-*/防眩層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/防眩層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/防眩層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
・-*/ハードコート層/防眩層/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
・-*/防眩層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
・-*/防眩層/中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層
上記の各構成のなかでも、光学異方性層の上にハードコート層、防眩層、反射防止層等の機能層を直接形成することが好ましい。また、光学異方性層を含む光学フィルムと、別途、支持体上にハードコート層、防眩層、反射防止層等の層を設けた光学フィルムとを貼合積層して製造してもよい。
ハードコート層の強度は、鉛筆硬度試験で、H以上であることが好ましく、2H以上であることが更に好ましく、3H以上であることが最も好ましい。更に、JIS K5400に従うテーバー試験で、試験前後の試験片の摩耗量が少ないほど好ましい。
防眩層は、表面散乱による防眩性と、好ましくは表面フィルムの硬度、耐擦傷性を向上するためのハードコート性をフィルムに寄与する目的で形成される。
防眩層については特開2009-98658号公報の段落[0178]~[0189]に記載されており、本発明においても同様である。
高屈折率層の屈折率は、1.70~1.74であることが好ましく、1.71~1.73であることがより好ましい。中屈折率層の屈折率は、低屈折率層の屈折率と高屈折率層の屈折率との間の値となるように調整される。中屈折率層の屈折率は、1.60~1.64であることが好ましく、1.61~1.63であることが更に好ましい。
高屈折率層及び中屈折率層の形成方法は化学蒸着(CVD)法や物理蒸着(PVD)法、特に物理蒸着法の一種である真空蒸着法やスパッタ法により、無機物酸化物の透明薄膜を用いることもできるが、オールウェット塗布による方法が好ましい。
上記高屈折率層は、無機微粒子、3官能以上の重合性基を有する硬化性化合物(以下、「バインダー」と称する場合もある)、溶媒及び重合開始剤を含有する塗布組成物を塗布し、溶媒を乾燥させた後、加熱、電離放射線照射あるいは両手段の併用により硬化して形成されたものであるのが好ましい。硬化性化合物や開始剤を用いる場合は、塗布後に熱及び/又は電離放射線による重合反応により硬化性化合物を硬化させることで、耐傷性や密着性に優れる中屈折率層や高屈折率層が形成できる。
上記無機微粒子としては、金属の酸化物を含有する無機微粒子が好ましく、Ti、Zr、In、Zn、Sn、Al及びSbから選ばれた少なくとも1種の金属の酸化物を含有する無機微粒子がより好ましい。
無機微粒子としては、屈折率の観点から、酸化ジルコニウムの微粒子が好ましい。また、導電性の観点からは、Sb、In、Snのうちの少なくとも1種類の金属の酸化物を主成分とする無機微粒子を用いることが好ましい。導電性の無機微粒子としては、錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)、アンチモンドープ酸化錫(ATO)、フッ素ドープ酸化錫(FTO)、リンドープ酸化錫(PTO)、アンチモン酸亜鉛(AZO)、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛(IZO)、酸化亜鉛、酸化ルテニウム、酸化レニウム、酸化銀、酸化ニッケル及び酸化銅からなる群から少なくとも一つ選択される金属酸化物が更に好ましい。
無機微粒子の量を変化させることで所定の屈折率に調整することができる。層中の無機微粒子の平均粒径は、酸化ジルコニウムを主成分として用いた場合、1~120nmであることが好ましく、更に好ましくは1~60nm、2~40nmが更に好ましい。この範囲内で、ヘイズを抑え、分散安定性、表面の適度の凹凸による上層との密着性が良好となり、好ましい。
硬化性化合物としては、重合性化合物が好ましく、重合性化合物としては電離放射線硬化性の多官能モノマーや多官能オリゴマーが好ましく用いられる。これらの化合物中の官能基としては、光、電子線、放射線重合性のものが好ましく、中でも光重合性官能基が好ましい。光重合性官能基としては、(メタ)アクリロイル基、ビニル基、スチリル基、アリル基等の不飽和の重合性官能基等が挙げられ、中でも、(メタ)アクリロイル基が好ましい。
本発明における低屈折率層は、屈折率が1.30~1.47であることが好ましい。表面フィルムが多層薄膜干渉型の反射防止フィルム(中屈折率層/高屈折率層/低屈折率層)の場合の低屈折率層の屈折率は1.33~1.38であることが望ましく、更に望ましくは1.35~1.37が望ましい。上記範囲内とすることで反射率を抑え、膜強度を維持することができ、好ましい。低屈折率層の形成方法も化学蒸着(CVD)法や物理蒸着(PVD)法、特に物理蒸着法の一種である真空蒸着法やスパッタ法により、無機物酸化物の透明薄膜を用いることもできるが、低屈折率層用組成物を用いてオールウェット塗布による方法を用いることが好ましい。
低屈折率層は、含フッ素硬化性ポリマー、含フッ素硬化性モノマー、非含フッ素硬化性モノマー、低屈折率粒子などを構成成分として形成することができる。これら化合物は、特開2010-152311号公報[0018]~[0168]段落に記載のものを用いることができる。
低屈折率層まで形成した反射防止フィルムの強度は、500g荷重の鉛筆硬度試験でH以上であることが好ましく、2H以上であることが更に好ましく、3H以上であることが最も好ましい。
また、反射防止フィルムの防汚性能を改良するために、表面の水に対する接触角が95゜以上であることが好ましい。更に好ましくは102゜以上である。特に、接触角が105°以上であると、指紋に対する防汚性能が著しく良化するため、特に好ましい。また、水の接触角が102°以上で、かつ、表面自由エネルギーが25dyne/cm以下であることがより好ましく、23dyne/cm以下であることが特に好ましく、20dyne/cm以下であることが更に好ましい。最も好ましくは、水の接触角が105°以上で、かつ、表面自由エネルギーが20dyne/cm以下である。
低屈折率層は、重合性不飽和基を有する含フッ素防汚剤、重合性不飽和基を有する含フッ素共重合体、無機微粒子、その他所望により含有される任意成分を溶解あるいは分散させた塗布組成物を塗布と同時、又は塗布・乾燥後に電離放射線照射(例えば光照射、電子線ビーム照射等が挙げられる。)や加熱することによる架橋反応、又は、重合反応により硬化して、形成することが好ましい。
ハードコート層及び/又は反射防止層が電離放射線硬化性の化合物の架橋反応、又は、重合反応により形成される場合、架橋反応、又は、重合反応は酸素濃度が10体積%以下の雰囲気で実施することが好ましい。酸素濃度が1体積%以下の雰囲気で形成することにより、物理強度、耐薬品性に優れた硬化層を得ることができる。
好ましくは酸素濃度が1.0体積%以下であり、更に好ましくは酸素濃度が0.1体積%以下、特に好ましくは酸素濃度が0.05体積%以下、最も好ましくは0.02体積%以下である。
ハードコート層及び/又は反射防止層には、紫外線吸収剤を含有することができる。紫外線吸収剤としては、紫外線吸収性を発現できるもので、公知のものがいずれも使用できる。そのような紫外線吸収剤のうち、紫外線吸収性が高く、電子画像表示装置で用いられる紫外線吸収能(紫外線カット能)を得るためにベンゾトリアゾール系又はヒドロキシフェニルトリアジン系の紫外線吸収剤が好ましい。また、紫外線の吸収幅を広くするために、最大吸収波長の異なる紫外線吸収剤を2種以上併用することができる。
本発明に使用される偏光板は、保護膜と偏光子とを有する。偏光子としては、ヨウ素系偏光子、二色性染料を用いる染料系偏光子やポリエン系偏光子のいずれを用いてもよい。ヨウ素系偏光子及び染料系偏光子は、一般にポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いて製造する。偏光子の吸収軸は、フィルムの延伸方向に相当する。従って、縦方向(搬送方向)に延伸された偏光子は長手方向に対して平行に吸収軸を有し、横方向(搬送方向と垂直方向)に延伸された偏光子は長手方向に対して垂直に吸収軸を有す。
本発明の有機EL表示装置は陽極、陰極の一対の電極間に発光層若しくは発光層を含む複数の有機化合物薄膜を形成した表示装置であり、有機EL表示装置の視認側に、本発明の円偏光板を有し、偏光子、光学積層体、有機EL表示装置の順に積層される。また、有機化合物薄膜は、発光層のほか正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、電子注入層、電子輸送層、保護層などを有してもよく、またこれらの各層はそれぞれ他の機能を備えたものであってもよい。有機EL表示装置の電極や有機化合物薄膜等の各層は、公知の材料・方法により形成することができる。
(1)フィルム1の準備
(アルカリ鹸化処理)
市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「TD80UL」(富士フイルム社製)を準備し、温度60℃の誘電式加熱ロールを通過させ、フィルム表面温度を40℃に昇温した後に、フィルムのバンド面に下記に示す組成のアルカリ溶液を、バーコーターを用いて塗布量14ml/m2で塗布し、110℃に加熱した(株)ノリタケカンパニーリミテド製のスチーム式遠赤外ヒーターの下に、10秒間搬送した。続いて、同じくバーコーターを用いて、純水を3ml/m2塗布した。次いで、ファウンテンコーターによる水洗とエアナイフによる水切りを3回繰り返した後に、70℃の乾燥ゾーンに10秒間搬送して乾燥し、アルカリ鹸化処理したセルロースアシレートフィルムを作製した。
──────────────────────────────
アルカリ溶液組成(質量部)
──────────────────────────────
水酸化カリウム 4.7質量部
水 15.8質量部
イソプロパノール 63.7質量部
界面活性剤
SF-1:C14H29O(CH2CH2O)20H 1.0質量部
プロピレングリコール 14.8質量部
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上記のように鹸化処理したセルロースアセテートフィルムに、下記の組成の配向膜塗布液を#14のワイヤーバーで連続的に塗布した。60℃の温風で60秒、更に100℃の温風で120秒乾燥し、配向膜を作製した。
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下記の変性ポリビニルアルコール 10質量部
水 371質量部
メタノール 119質量部
グルタルアルデヒド 0.5質量部
光重合開始剤(イルガキュアー2959、チバ・ジャパン製)
0.3質量部
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上記作製した配向膜に連続的にラビング処理を施した。このとき、長尺状のフィルムの長手方向と搬送方向は平行であり、フィルム長手方向に対して、ラビングローラーの回転軸は時計回りに45°の方向とした。
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下記のディスコティック液晶性化合物 91質量部
下記アクリレートモノマー 5質量部
光重合開始剤(イルガキュアー907、チバガイギー社製)3質量部
増感剤(カヤキュアーDETX、日本化薬(株)製) 1質量部
下記のピリジニウム塩 0.5質量部
下記のフッ素系ポリマー(FP1) 0.2質量部
下記のフッ素系ポリマー(FP3) 0.1質量部
メチルエチルケトン 189質量部
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エチレンオキサイド変性トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート
(V#360、大阪有機化学(株)製)
《セルロースアシレートフィルムT1の作製》
(セルロースアシレートの調製)
全置換度2.97(内訳:アセチル置換度0.45、プロピオニル置換度2.52)のセルロースアシレートを調製した。触媒としての硫酸(セルロース100質量部に対し7.8質量部)とカルボン酸無水物との混合物を-20℃に冷却してからパルプ由来のセルロースに添加し、40℃でアシル化を行った。この時、カルボン酸無水物の種類及びその量を調整することで、アシル基の種類及びその置換比を調整した。またアシル化後に40℃で熟成を行って全置換度を調整した。
1)セルロースアシレート
調製したセルロースアシレートを120℃に加熱して乾燥し、含水率を0.5質量%以下とした後、30質量部を溶媒と混合させた。
2)溶媒
ジクロロメタン/メタノール/ブタノール(81/15/4質量部)を溶媒として用いた。なお、これらの溶媒の含水率は、いずれも0.2質量%以下であった。
3)添加剤
全ての溶液調製に際し、トリメチロールプロパントリアセテート0.9質量部を添加した。また、全ての溶液調製に際し、二酸化ケイ素微粒子(粒径20nm、モース硬度 約7)0.25質量部を添加した。
4)膨潤、溶解
攪拌羽根を有し外周を冷却水が循環する400リットルのステンレス製溶解タンクに、上記溶媒、添加剤に加え、下記UV吸収剤Aを3.0%投入して撹拌、分散させながら、上記セルロースアシレートを徐々に添加した。投入完了後、室温にて2時間撹拌し、3時間膨潤させた後に再度撹拌を実施し、セルロースアシレート溶液を得た。
なお、攪拌には、15m/sec(剪断応力5×104kgf/m/sec2)の周速で攪拌するディゾルバータイプの偏芯攪拌軸及び中心軸にアンカー翼を有して周速1m/sec(剪断応力1×104kgf/m/sec2)で攪拌する攪拌軸を用いた。膨潤は、高速攪拌軸を停止し、アンカー翼を有する攪拌軸の周速を0.5m/secとして実施した。
上記で得られたセルロースアシレート溶液を、絶対濾過精度0.01mmの濾紙(#63、東洋濾紙(株)製)で濾過し、更に絶対濾過精度2.5μmの濾紙(FH025、ポール社製)にて濾過してセルロースアシレート溶液を得た。
上記セルロースアシレート溶液を30℃に加温し、流延ギーサー(特開平11-314233号公報に記載)を通して15℃に設定したバンド長60mの鏡面ステンレス支持体上に流延した。流延スピードは15m/分、塗布幅は200cmとした。流延部全体の空間温度は、15℃に設定した。そして、流延部から50cm手前で、流延して回転してきたセルロースアシレートフィルムをバンドから剥ぎ取り、45℃の乾燥風を送風した。次に110℃で5分、更に140℃で10分乾燥して、セルロースアシレートフィルムT1を得た。
得られたセルロースアシレートフィルムT1のRe(550)は0nm、Rth(550)は-90nmであった。
フィルム1の製造と同様にして、上記セルロースアシレートフィルムT1に、配向膜を形成し、ディスコティック液晶性化合物に代えて下記棒状液晶性化合物を用いた光学異方性層塗布液(A)をセルロースアシレートフィルムT1に塗布し、フィルム2を作製した。作製したフィルム2は、550nmにおけるRe(550)が125nm、Rth(550)が-30nmであった。
棒状液晶性化合物(RLC)
フィルム1の製造において、TD80ULをセルロースアシレートフィルムT1に変更した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム3を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは1.60μmであった。フィルム3の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1の製造において、TD80ULを市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「Z-TAC」(富士フイルム社製)に変更した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム4を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは1.60μmであった。フィルム4の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1の製造において、光学異方性層形成時のワイヤーバー種及び塗布液のメチルエチルケトンの量を適宜調整した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム5を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは1.77μmであった。フィルム5の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1の製造において、光学異方性層形成時のワイヤーバー種及び塗布液のメチルエチルケトンの量を適宜調整した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム6を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは1.48μmであった。フィルム6の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1の製造において、光学異方性層形成時のワイヤーバー種及び塗布液のメチルエチルケトンの量を適宜調整した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム7を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは2.00μmであった。フィルム7の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1の製造において、光学異方性層形成時のワイヤーバー種及び塗布液のメチルエチルケトンの量を適宜調整した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム8を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは3.21μmであった。フィルム8の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
LG製の3D-TVである55LW5700に付属の3Dメガネに使用されていたポリカーボネート系のλ/4フィルムをフィルム9として使用した。
市販のノルボルネン系ポリマーフィルム「ZEONOR ZF14」((株)オプテス製)を斜め延伸して、1340mm幅のフィルム10~15を作製した。
フィルム1の製造において、TD80ULをフィルム11の一方の面にコロナ放電処理を施したものに変更した以外はフィルム1の製造方法と同様にしてフィルム16を作製した。光学異方性層の厚さは1.60μmであった。フィルム16の光学異方性層についても、ディスコティック液晶性分子の円盤面のフィルム面に対する平均傾斜角は90°であり、ディスコティック液晶がフィルム面に対して垂直に配向していることを確認した。
フィルム1とフィルム11を用意し、フィルム1の液晶層をフィルム11に転写して、フィルム17を作製した。なお、フィルム1の液晶層のみでは、550nmにおけるRe(550)が125nm、Rth(550)が-60nmであった。
(1)フィルムのRe及びRth
作製したフィルム1~17の特性を、下記表にまとめる。なお、各フィルムのRe(550)及びRth(550)は、試料30mm×40mmを、25℃、60%RHで2時間調湿し、KOBRA21ADH(王子計測機器(株)製)において波長550nmで測定し、フィルム1~8については、平均屈折率の仮定値1.48及び膜厚を入力し算出した。フィルム9については、平均屈折率の仮定値1.59及び膜厚を入力し算出した。フィルム10~17については、平均屈折率の仮定値1.53及び膜厚を入力し算出した。
厚さ80μmのポリビニルアルコール(PVA)フィルムを、ヨウ素濃度0.05質量%のヨウ素水溶液中に30℃で60秒浸漬して染色し、次いでホウ酸濃度4質量%濃度のホウ酸水溶液中に60秒浸漬している間に元の長さの5倍に縦延伸した後、50℃で4分間乾燥させて、厚さ20μmの偏光子を得た。
上記表に示すフィルムのうちセルロースアシレート類を含むフィルムについては、1.5モル/リットルで55℃の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液中に浸漬した後、水で十分に水酸化ナトリウムを洗い流した。その後、0.005モル/リットルで35℃の希硫酸水溶液に1分間浸漬した後、水に浸漬し希硫酸水溶液を十分に洗い流した。最後に試料を120℃で十分に乾燥させた。ノルボルネン系フィルム及びポリカーボネート系フィルムについては、表面をコロナ放電処理した。
各フィルム(フィルム1~17)のいずれか1枚とTD80UL(富士フイルム社製)を、偏光子を挟んで、ポリビニル系粘着剤を用いて貼合し、下表2~4に示した組合せの円偏光板を作製した。
(表示装置への実装)
有機EL搭載のSAMSUNG社製GALAXY SIIを分解し、円偏光板を剥離して、本発明の円偏光板を下表のように貼合し、表示装置を作製した。
作製した有機EL表示装置について、明光下にて視認性及び表示品位を評価した。
(1)明光下での視認性
表示装置に白表示、黒表示、画像表示をして、正面及び極角45度から蛍光灯を映し込んだときの反射光を観察した。正面と比較して、極角45度の表示品位を下記の基準で評価した。
◎:色味付きが全く視認されない。(許容)
○:色味差が視認されるものの、ごくわずか(許容)
△:色味差が視認されるが反射光は小さく、使用上問題はない。(許容)
×:色味差が視認され、反射光も多く、許容できない。
本出願は、2011年12月27日出願の日本特許出願(特願2011-287031)、及び2012年12月27日出願の日本特許出願(特願2012-285216)に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
2 λ/2板B
3 光学積層
4 偏光子
5 円偏光板
Claims (6)
- λ/4板Aと、λ/2板Bとを含む光学積層体及び偏光子を含み、光学積層体の遅相軸と、偏光子の吸収軸とが35°~55°で交差し、λ/4板Aの遅相軸と、λ/2板Bの遅相軸とが直交し、λ/4板Aが下記式(I)を満たし、λ/2板Bが下記式(II)を満たす円偏光板。
(I): Re(450)>Re(550)>Re(630)
(II): 0.98≦Re(450)/Re(550)≦1.02
(ここで、Re(λ)は、波長λnmにおける面内レターデーション(nm)である。) - 前記λ/4板Aが下記式(III)を満足する請求項1に記載の円偏光板。
(III): 115nm≦Re(550)≦155nm - 前記λ/4板Aが、透明支持体、配向膜、液晶性化合物を含む光学異方性層を有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の円偏光板。
- 前記光学異方性層に含まれる液晶性化合物が、円盤状液晶性化合物であり、更に前記円盤状液晶性化合物が略垂直に配向している請求項3に記載の円偏光板。
- 前記λ/2板Bが下記式(IV)を満足する請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板。
(IV): 235nm≦Re(550)≦300nm - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の円偏光板を含む有機ELディスプレイ。
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JP2014206684A (ja) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-30 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 光学フィルム、光学フィルム用転写体、画像表示装置 |
JP2015163940A (ja) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-09-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 楕円偏光板 |
JP2016006543A (ja) * | 2013-08-09 | 2016-01-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学フィルム |
JP2016040603A (ja) * | 2013-08-09 | 2016-03-24 | 住友化学株式会社 | 光学フィルム |
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WO2021005996A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 円偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
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WO2021005996A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 円偏光板及び画像表示装置 |
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