WO2013100095A1 - 撮像装置、撮像装置の制御方法、及び制御プログラム - Google Patents
撮像装置、撮像装置の制御方法、及び制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 27
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052876 emerald Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010976 emerald Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/28—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals
- G02B7/36—Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals using image sharpness techniques, e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/32—Means for focusing
- G03B13/34—Power focusing
- G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
- H04N23/673—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals based on contrast or high frequency components of image signals, e.g. hill climbing method
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/40—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled
- H04N25/46—Extracting pixel data from image sensors by controlling scanning circuits, e.g. by modifying the number of pixels sampled or to be sampled by combining or binning pixels
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image pickup apparatus, an image pickup apparatus control method, and a control program, and more particularly to an image pickup apparatus including a color image pickup device, an image pickup apparatus control method, and a control program.
- a primary color Bayer array (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3), which is a color array widely used in color image sensors, is sensitive to the human eye and has the most contributing green (G) pixels to obtain a luminance signal. Red (R) and blue (B) are arranged in a line-sequential manner in a checkered pattern.
- JP 2002-135793 A Japanese Patent No. 3960965 JP 2004-266369 A
- a color image sensor employing a conventional Bayer array when thinning out readout in the vertical direction to generate image data for moving images, for example, an image for one line for every 2n (n is a natural number) in the vertical direction.
- data is read (vertical direction 1 / 2n thinning, even thinning)
- line image data including only two colors of G and R or G and B is read, and color reproduction cannot be performed.
- thinning-out reading vertical direction 1 / (2n + 1) thinning, odd thinning
- image data for one line is read every (2n + 1) lines is common.
- contrast AF autofocus
- a so-called contrast AF method for focusing on the basis of the contrast of an image is known.
- an AF evaluation value is calculated based on the G pixel that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal and is focused. For this reason, increasing the accuracy of the AF evaluation value leads to increasing the accuracy of focusing.
- the luminance value is low and a highly accurate evaluation value cannot be obtained, and the AF accuracy may deteriorate, and it is required to increase the accuracy of the AF evaluation value.
- contrast AF is performed based on a thinned-out low-resolution image used for a through image (live image) in order to increase processing speed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide an imaging apparatus, an imaging apparatus control method, and a control program capable of accurately calculating an AF evaluation value.
- an imaging apparatus includes an imaging element including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, A color filter provided on a plurality of pixels composed of photoelectric conversion elements, the first filter corresponding to the first color contributing most to obtain a luminance signal, and two or more colors other than the first color
- a color filter in which a plurality of identical arrangement lines and a plurality of basic arrangement patterns each including at least one arrangement line in which the arrangement of the first filter in the second direction is different from the same arrangement line are arranged repeatedly; From Line image data generating means for reading out pixel signals of a plurality of pixels at a set cycle, and generating line image data of the same array line in the basic array pattern among the plurality of pixels from the read pixel signals; Pixel addition means for adding pixels of at least the first color pixels among line image data of the same array line; and calculation means for calculating an evaluation value of contrast AF based on the line image data obtained by pixel addition. It is characterized by that.
- line image data of the same array line where the positions of the first filter in the second direction are the same is generated, and at least the first color of the generated line image data of the same array line is generated.
- An evaluation value of contrast AF is calculated by pixel addition. Thereby, a highly accurate AF evaluation value can be obtained.
- the line image data generating means may generate line image data of the same array line of the set having the largest number of first filters when there are a plurality of sets of the same array lines in the basic array pattern. .
- the line image data of the same array line of the set having the largest number of first filters is generated, and at least the pixels of the first color among the generated line image data of the same array line are pixels.
- the evaluation value of contrast AF is calculated by addition. Thereby, an AF evaluation value with higher accuracy can be obtained.
- the line image data generating means generates line image data of all the same array lines when there are a plurality of identical array lines in the basic array pattern, and the pixel addition means The pixels of the first color of the line image data of the same array line may be added together.
- the driving means may generate line image data of the same array line at a position closest to the first direction.
- the line image data generation means reads line pixel data of the same array line in the basic array pattern among the plurality of pixels as a set cycle for reading the pixel signals of the plurality of pixels from the image sensor. You may make it do.
- the first filter has 1 in each line of the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction.
- One or more second filters corresponding to each color of the second color may be arranged in each line in the first direction and the second direction in the basic array pattern. .
- the first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is arranged in each line in the first direction to the third direction in the color filter. Therefore, it is possible to improve the reproduction accuracy of the synchronization process in the high frequency region.
- one second filter corresponding to each of the second or more second colors other than the first color is included in each line in the first direction and the second direction in the basic array pattern. Since they are arranged as described above, the generation of color moire (false color) can be reduced and high resolution can be achieved.
- the color filter may include a square array corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels formed of the first filter.
- the luminance correlation direction is in the minimum direction. It can be determined by the pixel interval.
- the first color may be a green (G) color and the second color may be a red (R) color and blue (B).
- the color filter has an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors, and the color filter corresponds to 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- the array may be alternately arranged in the first direction and the second direction.
- 2 ⁇ 2 G pixels are located at four corners of 5 ⁇ 5 pixels. Will exist.
- the pixel values of these 2 ⁇ 2 G pixels can be used to determine the four correlation directions.
- the color filter has an R filter, a G filter, and a B filter corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors, and the color filter corresponds to 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- a pixel when a 5 ⁇ 5 pixel (local area of a mosaic image) is extracted around the first array or the second array, a pixel (R pixel or B pixel) at the center of 5 ⁇ 5 pixels is extracted.
- R pixel or B pixel There are G pixels adjacent to each other in the horizontal and vertical directions. The pixel values of these G pixels (8 pixels in total) can be used to determine the correlation direction in the four directions.
- the color filter may be configured to be point symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern.
- An imaging device of the present invention includes an imaging element including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a predetermined first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- a color filter provided on a pixel which corresponds to a first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal and a second color that is two or more colors other than the first color.
- a plurality of first identical lines which are array lines along the second direction including at least one second filter in the second direction, wherein the positions of the first filters in the second direction are the same.
- a color filter in which a basic array pattern including at least a plurality of second identical array lines in which the array of the first filters in the second direction is different from the first identical array line is repeatedly disposed; From the image sensor, multiple Line image data generating means for reading out pixel signals in a prime period, and generating line image data of the same array line of the set having the largest number of first filters among array lines from the read pixel signal; Calculating means for calculating an evaluation value of contrast AF based on the line image data generated by the line image data generating means.
- the contrast AF evaluation value is calculated based on the line image data of the same array line of the set having the largest number of first filters. Therefore, the contrast AF evaluation value is accurately obtained without pixel addition. Can be calculated.
- An image pickup apparatus control method includes an image pickup element including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- a color filter provided on a plurality of pixels, the first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal, and a second color of two or more colors other than the first color Are arranged lines along the second direction including at least one second filter corresponding to each of the second filters in the second direction, and a plurality of the same positions in the second direction of the first filter are the same.
- An imaging device comprising: a color filter in which a basic array pattern including a plurality of array lines and a plurality of at least one array line in which the first filter array in the second direction is different from the same array line is repeatedly disposed
- pixel signals in a plurality of pixels are read out from the image sensor at a set cycle, and line image data of the same array line in the basic array pattern among the plurality of pixels is generated from the read pixel signals, and generated.
- line image data of the same array line at least pixels of the first color are added together, and an evaluation value of contrast AF is calculated based on the line image data obtained by pixel addition.
- the control program of the present invention includes an imaging element including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a predetermined first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- a color filter provided on a pixel which corresponds to a first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal and a second color that is two or more colors other than the first color.
- a plurality of identical arrangement lines along the second direction including at least one second filter in the second direction, wherein the first filters have the same position in the second direction; And a color filter in which a basic array pattern including a plurality of at least one array line in which the first filter array in the second direction is different from the same array line is repeatedly arranged.
- a process including:
- a control program includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a plurality of pixels including the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements.
- a color filter provided above, the first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal, and the second color corresponding to two or more second colors other than the first color.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an imaging apparatus according to a first embodiment. It is a block diagram of the color filter which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the basic sequence pattern contained in the color filter which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 6 shows a color filter obtained by dividing a 6 ⁇ 6 pixel basic array pattern included in the color filter according to the first embodiment into an A array and a B array of 3 ⁇ 3 pixels and repeatedly arranging them in the horizontal and vertical directions. FIG. It is a figure which shows the characteristic arrangement
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the process performed by a control part. It is a block diagram of the color filter which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the basic sequence pattern contained in the color filter which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. The color filter which divides
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the characteristic arrangement
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the imaging apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment.
- the imaging device 10 includes an optical system 12, an imaging element 14, an imaging processing unit 16, an image processing unit 20, a driving unit 22, and a control unit 24.
- the optical system 12 includes, for example, a lens group including a plurality of optical lenses, an aperture adjustment mechanism, a zoom mechanism, an automatic focus adjustment mechanism, and the like.
- the image sensor 14 includes an image sensor including a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, for example, a color filter disposed on an image sensor such as a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor). This is a so-called single-plate type imaging device having the above-described configuration.
- a CCD Charge-Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
- FIG. 2 shows a part of the color filter according to this embodiment.
- any one of the color filters of the three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is disposed on each pixel.
- the color filter of the first embodiment has the following features (1) to (6).
- the color filter array has three primary colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) in the vertical and horizontal directions (N ⁇ M) pixels (N, M: an integer of 3 or more) in advance.
- N, M an integer of 3 or more
- the basic array pattern P is repeatedly arranged in the vertical direction (first direction) and the horizontal direction (second direction). That is, in this color filter, R, G, and B color filters (R filter, G filter, and B filter) are arranged with a predetermined periodicity.
- the R filter, the G filter, and the B filter are arranged with a predetermined periodicity in this way, the R, G, and B signals read from the color imaging device are synchronized (also referred to as demosaic processing; the same applies hereinafter).
- processing can be performed according to a repeating pattern.
- the G filter corresponding to the color (G color in this embodiment) that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is the first direction of the color filter array. 2 in the horizontal direction and the third direction intersecting the first direction and the second direction in the color filter plane, that is, in each line in the oblique (NE, NW) direction (third direction). Is arranged.
- NE means an oblique upper right direction
- NW means an oblique lower right direction.
- the diagonally upper right and diagonally lower right directions are directions of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction, respectively, but if an array of rectangular pixels, it is the direction of the diagonal of the rectangle,
- the angle can vary depending on the length of the long and short sides.
- the G filter corresponding to the luminance system pixel is arranged in each line in the vertical direction, the horizontal direction, and the oblique (NE, NW) direction of the color filter array, it can be simultaneously used in the high frequency region regardless of the high frequency direction. The reproducibility of the conversion process can be improved.
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 2 has an R filter and a B filter corresponding to two or more other colors (in this embodiment, R and B colors) other than the G color in the basic array pattern P.
- One or more color filters are arranged in each of the vertical and horizontal lines of the color filter array.
- an optical low-pass filter for suppressing the generation of false colors can be prevented from being arranged in the optical path from the incident surface of the optical system to the imaging surface, or the occurrence of false colors can be prevented even when the optical low-pass filter is applied. Therefore, it is possible to apply a low-frequency component for cutting high-frequency components, and not to impair the resolution.
- FIG. 3 shows a state in which the basic array pattern P shown in FIG. 2 is divided into 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- the basic array pattern P includes a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel A array surrounded by a solid frame and a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel B array surrounded by a broken frame alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions. It can also be understood that the array is arranged.
- G filters which are luminance system pixels, are arranged at the four corners and the center, and are arranged on both diagonal lines.
- the R filter is arranged in the horizontal direction with the central G filter interposed therebetween, and the B filter is arranged in the vertical direction.
- the B filter is arranged in the horizontal direction with the central G filter interposed therebetween.
- the R filters are arranged in the vertical direction. That is, in the A array and the B array, the positional relationship between the R filter and the B filter is reversed, but the other arrangements are the same.
- the G filters at the four corners of the A array and the B array are square arrays corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels by alternately arranging the A array and the B array in the horizontal and vertical directions as shown in FIG. G filter.
- the color filter array (basic array pattern P) shown in FIG. 2 includes a square array corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels composed of G filters.
- the absolute difference values in the vertical direction of the pixel values of these G pixels Is (
- the absolute difference in the horizontal direction is (
- the absolute difference in the upper right diagonal direction is
- the absolute value of the difference in the upper left diagonal direction is
- the basic array pattern P constituting the color filter array shown in FIG. 2 is point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern (the centers of the four G filters). Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the A array and the B array in the basic array pattern are also point-symmetric with respect to the central G filter, and are vertically and horizontally symmetric (line symmetric).
- the basic array pattern P constituting the color filter array shown in FIG. 2 includes a plurality of the same array lines along the horizontal direction where the positions of the G filters in the horizontal direction are the same.
- the first line, the third line, the fourth line, and the sixth line in the vertical direction have the same G filter position in the horizontal direction.
- the second and fifth lines have the same G filter position in the horizontal direction. Therefore, when the contrast AF method is adopted as the AF method and the AF evaluation value is calculated based on the pixel value of the G pixel, the line image data of the same arrangement in which the position of the G filter in the horizontal direction is the same is read, G pixels having the same position in the horizontal direction are added together. Thereby, the precision of AF evaluation value can be raised.
- the imaging processing unit 16 performs predetermined processing such as amplification processing, correlated double sampling processing, and A / D conversion processing on the imaging signal output from the imaging device 14 and outputs the processed image data to the image processing unit 20 as image data. To do.
- the image processing unit 20 performs so-called synchronization processing on the image data output from the imaging processing unit 16. That is, for all pixels, image data of colors other than the corresponding color is interpolated from the pixel data of surrounding pixels to generate R, G, B image data of all pixels. Then, so-called YC conversion processing is performed on the generated R, G, B image data to generate luminance data Y and color difference data Cr, Cb. Then, a resizing process for resizing these signals to a size corresponding to the shooting mode is performed.
- the driving unit 22 performs reading driving of the imaging signal from the imaging device 14 in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 24.
- the control unit 24 controls the drive unit 22 and the image processing unit 20 according to the shooting mode and the like. Although details will be described later, the control unit 24 instructs the driving unit 22 to read out the imaging signal by a reading method according to the shooting mode, or instructs the image processing unit 20 to select an image according to the shooting mode. Or instructing it to perform processing.
- control unit 24 instructs the drive unit 22 to read out the image pickup signal using a thinning method according to the instructed shooting mode. To do.
- the shooting mode includes a still image mode for shooting a still image, and an HD movie that generates a relatively high resolution HD (high definition) movie data by thinning the captured image and records it on a recording medium such as a memory card (not shown).
- There are video modes such as the through video mode (live view mode) that outputs a relatively low resolution through video (live view image) to a display unit (not shown) by thinning out the mode and the captured image. It is not limited to.
- the processing shown in FIG. 7 is executed, for example, when the user attempts to focus on the subject by pressing the shutter button (or shutter switch) halfway during still image shooting.
- the line image data in this case is a set of pixel data of pixels arranged in the horizontal direction.
- step 100 the drive unit 22 is instructed to read out image data by a thinning method according to the shooting mode.
- the drive unit 22 is instructed to read line image data of the same array line along the horizontal direction where the position of the G filter in the horizontal direction is the same in the basic array pattern P from the image sensor 14 (this book In the embodiment, the drive unit 22 and the control unit 24 correspond to line image data generation means).
- the line image data of the first line, the third line, the fourth line, and the sixth line in the basic array pattern P have the same position in the horizontal direction of the G filter.
- the line image data of the second line and the fifth line also have the same position in the horizontal direction of the G filter.
- the first set of line image data of the first line, the third line, the fourth line, and the sixth line is compared with the second set of line image data of the second line and the fifth line.
- the number of G pixels in the horizontal direction in the basic array pattern P is large. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the drive unit 22 is instructed to read line image data of the first set of four lines having a large number of G pixels.
- step 102 a pixel addition process is performed in which the G pixels of the line image data having the same arrangement in the horizontal direction of the read G filter are added together, and AF is performed based on the image data after the pixel addition process.
- the image processing unit 20 is instructed to execute a process for calculating an evaluation value (in the present embodiment, the image processing unit 20 and the control unit 24 correspond to a pixel addition unit and a calculation unit).
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same arrangement line having the larger number of G pixels are added together. It is possible to calculate a high AF evaluation value.
- the control unit 24 and the image processing unit 20 can be configured by a computer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, nonvolatile ROM, and the like.
- the processing program for the above processing can be stored in advance in a nonvolatile ROM, for example, and can be read and executed by the CPU.
- the color filter includes a plurality of lines having the same arrangement in which the positions of the G pixels in the horizontal direction are the same in the basic arrangement pattern P, and the same color pixels of the read line image data of the same arrangement Since pixel addition processing for adding pixels to each other is executed, it is possible to calculate an AF evaluation value with high accuracy.
- the positions in the horizontal direction of the line image data of all the same array lines. May be added to the same G pixels, but may be added to some of the same array lines.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same arrangement line with the larger number of G pixels are added together.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same arrangement line of the second line and the fifth line with the smaller number of G pixels may be pixel-added (second line). Good.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same array line may be pixel-added for every group. That is, the first line of line image data in which the G pixels of the first set of line image data having the larger number of G pixels are added together, and the second set of line image data having a smaller number of G pixels.
- the AF evaluation value may be calculated based on image data obtained by alternately arranging the line image data of the second line obtained by adding the G pixels to each other in the vertical direction.
- the above processing may be executed not only when shooting a still image but also when shooting a moving image.
- FIG. 8 shows a color filter according to this embodiment.
- the color filter according to the present embodiment includes a basic array pattern P (pattern indicated by a thick frame) composed of a square array pattern corresponding to 6 ⁇ 6 pixels, and the basic array pattern P is horizontal. It is repeatedly arranged in the direction and the vertical direction. That is, in this color filter array, R, G, and B color filters (R filter, G filter, and B filter) are arrayed with a predetermined periodicity.
- the G filter is arranged in each line in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction of the color filter array.
- one or more R filters and B filters are arranged in each of the vertical and horizontal lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P.
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which the basic array pattern P shown in FIG. 8 is divided into 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- the basic array pattern P includes a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel A array surrounded by a solid frame and a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel B array surrounded by a broken frame alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions. It can also be understood that the array is arranged.
- an R filter is arranged at the center, B filters are arranged at the four corners, and G filters are arranged at the top, bottom, left and right with the center R filter interposed therebetween.
- a B filter is disposed at the center, R filters are disposed at the four corners, and G filters are disposed vertically and horizontally with the center B filter interposed therebetween.
- the color filter of the first embodiment can also be regarded as the A array and the B array being alternately arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the eight G pixels are arranged in a cross shape as shown in FIG. 10B. If these G pixels are G1, G2, G3, G4 from left to right and G5, G6, G7, G8 from top to bottom, the pixels G1G2, G2G3 are adjacent in the horizontal direction, and the pixels G5G6, G7G8 is adjacent in the vertical direction, pixel G6G3 and pixel G2G7 are adjacent in the upper left diagonal direction, and pixel G6G2 and pixel G3G7 are adjacent in the upper right diagonal direction.
- the direction in which the change in luminance is the smallest (the correlation direction with the high correlation) among the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions. ) Can be determined by the minimum pixel interval.
- correlation direction there is a correlation (correlation direction) in the direction of taking the smallest difference absolute value among these four correlation absolute values. Note that the determined correlation direction can be used when performing a synchronization process or the like.
- the basic array pattern P constituting the color filter shown in FIG. 8 is point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P.
- the A array and the B array in the basic array pattern are point-symmetric with respect to the center R filter or G filter, respectively, and are symmetrical (line symmetric) vertically and horizontally. ing.
- the basic array pattern P constituting the color filter array shown in FIG. 8 includes a plurality of the same array lines along the horizontal direction where the positions of the G filters in the horizontal direction are the same.
- the first, third, fourth, and sixth lines in the vertical direction all have the same G filter position in the horizontal direction.
- the second and fifth lines have the same G filter position in the horizontal direction.
- the color filter according to the present embodiment has the same features as the features (1) and (3) to (6) of the color filter according to the first embodiment.
- the first set of the line image data of the first line, the third line, the fourth line, and the sixth line is the first line image data of the second line and the fifth line.
- the control unit 24 instructs the drive unit 22 to read the line image data of the second set of two lines having a large number of G pixels in Step 100 of FIG.
- step 102 of FIG. 7 the control unit 24 executes pixel addition processing for adding the G pixels of the line image data having the same arrangement in the horizontal direction of the read G filter and adding the pixels. Based on the processed image data, the image processing unit 20 is instructed to execute a process of calculating an AF evaluation value.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same arrangement line having the larger number of G pixels are added together. It is possible to calculate a high AF evaluation value.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the first line, the third line, the fourth line, and the sixth line with the smaller number of G pixels are added (second line). You may do it.
- the G pixels of the line image data of the same array line may be pixel-added for every group. That is, the first line of line image data in which the G pixels of the second set of line image data having the larger number of G pixels are added to each other, and the first set of line image data having a smaller number of G pixels.
- the AF evaluation value may be calculated based on image data obtained by alternately arranging the line image data of the second line obtained by adding the G pixels to each other in the vertical direction.
- color filter array is not limited to those described in the above embodiments, and the present invention can also be applied to an image pickup apparatus having an image pickup element having the following color filter array.
- a basic filter pattern P is a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel color filter array.
- This color filter array is a repetition of a basic array pattern in which G filters are arranged at the center and four corners of 3 ⁇ 3 pixels, and the same number of R or B is arranged in the remaining five pixels.
- a basic filter pattern P is a 4 ⁇ 4 pixel color filter array.
- G is arranged on two diagonal lines of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels, and R and B pixels are in the horizontal and vertical lines of 4 ⁇ 4 pixels in the remaining pixel positions.
- One or more basic arrangement patterns which are arranged so that one or more elements are arranged and set so that the number of G is larger than the number of R and B, are repeated.
- the basic array pattern P is 5 ⁇ 5 pixels as shown in FIG.
- the basic array pattern P is 5 ⁇ 5 pixels as shown in FIG.
- G is arranged on two diagonal lines of 5 ⁇ 5 pixels, and R and B pixels are in the horizontal and vertical lines of 5 ⁇ 5 pixels in the remaining pixel positions.
- One or more basic arrangement patterns which are arranged so that one or more elements are arranged and set so that the number of G is larger than the number of R and B, are repeated.
- the basic array pattern P is 6 ⁇ 6 pixels as shown in FIG.
- the first sub-array in which G is arranged in a rectangular shape on the outer periphery of R or B and the second sub-array in which G is arranged in the center are respectively two in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
- a basic arrangement pattern arranged so as to be alternately adjacent to each other is repeated.
- one or more R and B are also arranged in each line in the oblique (NE, NW) direction (third direction) of the color filter arrangement.
- the basic array pattern P is 7 ⁇ 7 pixels as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 there are a color filter array, a color filter array having a basic array pattern P of 8 ⁇ 8 pixels, and the like.
- N and M are preferably 10 or less in consideration of ease of image processing such as synchronization processing and thinning processing during moving image shooting.
- the color imaging device having the RGB color filters of the three primary colors has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the RGB primary colors + other colors (for example, emerald (E)).
- the present invention can also be applied to four color filters, for example, a color filter as shown in FIG.
- the present invention can also be applied to color filters having white or transparent (W) filters as other colors.
- W filter may be arranged instead of the emerald in FIG. In this case, a combination of W and G, or W is the first color that contributes most to the luminance signal.
- the present invention can also be applied to a color image pickup device having four color complementary color filters in which G is added to C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow) which are complementary colors of the primary colors RGB.
- the same group of the same number of G filters among the same array lines in which the positions of the G pixels in the horizontal direction are the same in the basic array pattern P without pixel addition The line image data of the array lines may be read, and the contrast AF evaluation value may be calculated based on the read line image data. Thereby, the evaluation value of contrast AF can be calculated with high accuracy without pixel addition.
- each line when the line image data is read out by 1/3 decimation in the vertical direction is the number of G filters in the same array line where the positions of the G filters in the horizontal direction are the same. Is the same sequence line of the set with the largest number. Therefore, the contrast AF evaluation value may be calculated based on the line image data without adding pixels to the line image data of the same array line.
- lines of the same array in which the positions of the G pixels in the horizontal direction are the same in the basic array pattern P are read from the image sensor 14 and the same color pixels of the read line image data of the same array are read out.
- the pixel addition process for adding the pixels is performed.
- the pixel signals of the pixels for all the lines are read, and the lines of the same array line in which the positions of the G pixels in the horizontal direction in the basic array pattern P are the same.
- the image data may be selectively used (without using or storing the line image data of other lines), and these may be pixel-added.
- pixel signals of pixels for all lines are read out and temporarily stored in a memory such as a RAM, and line image data of the same array line in which the positions of the G pixels in the horizontal direction in the basic array pattern P are the same are selectively selected.
- the pixels may be added (in this case, the imaging processing unit 16 or the image processing unit 20 corresponds to the line image data generating unit).
- Imaging device 12 Optical system 14 Imaging element 16 Imaging processing part 20 Image processing part 22 Drive part 24 Control part P Basic arrangement pattern
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Abstract
Description
12 光学系
14 撮像素子
16 撮像処理部
20 画像処理部
22 駆動部
24 制御部
P 基本配列パターン
Claims (15)
- 予め定めた第1の方向及び前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に配列された複数の光電変換素子を含む撮像素子と、
前記複数の光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に設けられたカラーフィルタであって、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを前記第2の方向に少なくとも一つずつ含む前記第2の方向に沿った配列ラインであって、前記第1のフィルタの前記第2の方向における位置が同一となる複数の同一配列ラインと、前記同一配列ラインとは前記第2の方向における前記第1のフィルタの配列が異なる少なくとも1つの配列ラインとを複数含む基本配列パターンが、繰り返し配置されたカラーフィルタと、
前記撮像素子から、前記複数の画素における画素信号を設定された周期で読出し、前記読み出した画素信号から、前記複数の画素のうち前記基本配列パターン内における前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成するライン画像データ生成手段と、
生成した前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データのうち少なくとも前記第1の色の画素同士を画素加算する画素加算手段と、
画素加算した前記ライン画像データに基づいて、コントラストAFの評価値を算出する算出手段と、
を備えた撮像装置。 - 前記ライン画像データ生成手段は、前記基本配列パターン内において前記同一配列ラインが複数組存在する場合、前記第1のフィルタの数が最も多い組の同一配列ラインのライン画像データを生成する
請求項1記載の撮像装置。 - 前記ライン画像データ生成手段は、前記基本配列パターン内において前記同一配列ラインが複数組存在する場合、全ての組の同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成し、
前記画素加算手段は、前記全ての組毎に、前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データの前記第1の色の画素同士を画素加算する
請求項1又は請求項2記載の撮像装置。 - 前記ライン画像データ生成手段は、前記第1の方向に最も近い位置の同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成する
請求項1~請求項3の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記ライン画像データ生成手段は、前記撮像素子から前記複数の画素における画素信号を読み出す前記設定された周期として、前記複数の画素のうち前記基本配列パターン内における前記同一配列ラインの前記画素信号を読み出して前記ライン画像データを生成する
請求項1~請求項4の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1のフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタ面内において、前記第1の方向と、前記第2の方向と、前記第1の方向及び前記第2の方向と交差する第3の方向と、の各ライン内に1つ以上配置され、
前記第2の色の各色に対応する前記第2のフィルタは、前記基本配列パターン内において、前記第1の方向及び前記第2の方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置された
請求項1~請求項5の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、前記第1のフィルタからなる2×2画素に対応する正方配列を含む
請求項1~請求項6の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記第1の色は、緑(G)色であり、前記第2の色は、赤(R)色及び青(B)である
請求項1~請求項7の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、かつ、
前記カラーフィルタは、3×3画素に対応する第1の配列であって、中心と4隅にGフィルタが配置され、中心のGフィルタを挟んで上下にBフィルタが配置され、左右にRフィルタが配列された第1の配列と、3 ×3画素に対応する第2の配列であって、中心と4隅にGフィルタが配置され、中心のGフィルタを挟んで上下にRフィルタが配置され、左右にBフィルタが配列された第2の配列とが、交互に前記第1の方向及び前記第2の方向に配列されて構成されている
請求項8記載の撮像装置。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、赤(R)、緑(G)、青(B)の色に対応するRフィルタ、Gフィルタ及びBフィルタを有し、かつ、
前記カラーフィルタは、3×3画素に対応する第1の配列であって、中心にRフィルタが配置され、4隅にBフィルタが配置され、中心のRフィルタを挟んで上下左右にGフィルタが配置された第1の配列と、3×3画素に対応する第2の配列であって、中心にBフィルタが配置され、4隅にRフィルタが配置され、中心のBフィルタを挟んで上下左右にGフィルタが配置された第2の配列とが、交互に前記第1の方向及び前記第2の方向に配列されて構成されている
請求項8記載の撮像装置。 - 前記カラーフィルタは、前記基本配列パターンの中心に対して点対称である
請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 予め定めた第1の方向及び前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に配列された複数の光電変換素子を含む撮像素子と、
前記複数の光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に設けられたカラーフィルタであって、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを前記第2の方向に少なくとも一つずつ含む前記第2の方向に沿った配列ラインであって、前記第1のフィルタの前記第2の方向における位置が同一となる複数の第1の同一配列ラインと、前記第1の同一配列ラインとは前記第2の方向における前記第1のフィルタの配列が異なる複数の第2の同一配列ラインとを少なくとも含む基本配列パターンが、繰り返し配置されたカラーフィルタと、
前記撮像素子から、前記複数の画素における画素信号を設定された周期で読出し、前記読み出した画素信号から、前記配列ラインのうち前記第1のフィルタの数が最も多い組の同一配列ラインのライン画像データを生成するライン画像データ生成手段と、
前記ライン画像データ生成手段により生成したライン画像データに基づいて、コントラストAFの評価値を算出する算出手段と、
を備えた撮像装置。 - 予め定めた第1の方向及び前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に配列された複数の光電変換素子を含む撮像素子と、
前記複数の光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に設けられたカラーフィルタであって、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを前記第2の方向に少なくとも一つずつ含む前記第2の方向に沿った配列ラインであって、前記第1のフィルタの前記第2の方向における位置が同一となる複数の同一配列ラインと、前記同一配列ラインとは前記第2の方向における前記第1のフィルタの配列が異なる少なくとも1つの配列ラインとを複数含む基本配列パターンが、繰り返し配置されたカラーフィルタと、
を備えた撮像装置の制御方法であって、
前記撮像素子から、前記複数の画素における画素信号を設定された周期で読出し、
前記読み出した画素信号から、前記複数の画素のうち前記基本配列パターン内における前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成し、
生成した前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データのうち少なくとも前記第1の色の画素同士を画素加算し、
画素加算した前記ライン画像データに基づいて、コントラストAFの評価値を算出する
を備えた撮像装置の制御方法。 - 予め定めた第1の方向及び前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に配列された複数の光電変換素子を含む撮像素子と、
前記複数の光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に設けられたカラーフィルタであって、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを前記第2の方向に少なくとも一つずつ含む前記第2の方向に沿った配列ラインであって、前記第1のフィルタの前記第2の方向における位置が同一となる複数の同一配列ラインと、前記同一配列ラインとは前記第2の方向における前記第1のフィルタの配列が異なる少なくとも1つの配列ラインとを複数含む基本配列パターンが、繰り返し配置されたカラーフィルタと、
を備えた撮像装置を制御するコンピュータに、
前記撮像素子から、前記複数の画素における画素信号を設定された周期で読出すステップと、
前記読み出した画素信号から、前記複数の画素のうち前記基本配列パターン内における前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成するステップと、
生成した前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データのうち少なくとも前記第1の色の画素同士を画素加算するステップと、
画素加算した前記ライン画像データに基づいて、コントラストAFの評価値を算出するステップと、
を含む処理を実行させるための制御プログラム。 - コンピュータに、
予め定めた第1の方向及び前記第1の方向と交差する第2の方向に配列された複数の光電変換素子と、前記複数の光電変換素子からなる複数の画素上に設けられたカラーフィルタであって、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを前記第2の方向に少なくとも一つずつ含む前記第2の方向に沿った配列ラインであって、前記第1のフィルタの前記第2の方向における位置が同一となる複数の同一配列ラインと、前記同一配列ラインとは前記第2の方向における前記第1のフィルタの配列が異なる少なくとも1つの配列ラインとを複数含む基本配列パターンが、繰り返し配置されたカラーフィルタと、を備えた撮像素子から、前記複数の画素における画素信号を設定された周期で読み出された画素信号から、前記複数の画素のうち前記基本配列パターン内における前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データを各々生成するステップと、
生成した前記同一配列ラインのライン画像データのうち少なくとも前記第1の色の画素同士を画素加算するステップと、
画素加算した前記ライン画像データに基づいて、コントラストAFの評価値を算出するステップと、
を含む処理を実行させるための制御プログラム。
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- 2012-12-27 WO PCT/JP2012/083975 patent/WO2013100095A1/ja active Application Filing
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- 2012-12-27 EP EP12861956.6A patent/EP2799922A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20140307136A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
EP2799922A4 (en) | 2015-08-05 |
CN104011575A (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
CN104011575B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
JPWO2013100095A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
JP5624227B2 (ja) | 2014-11-12 |
EP2799922A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
US9113027B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
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