WO2013099593A1 - バイオマス専焼バーナー、バイオマス混焼ボイラ、およびバイオマス燃料燃焼方法 - Google Patents
バイオマス専焼バーナー、バイオマス混焼ボイラ、およびバイオマス燃料燃焼方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099593A1 WO2013099593A1 PCT/JP2012/082101 JP2012082101W WO2013099593A1 WO 2013099593 A1 WO2013099593 A1 WO 2013099593A1 JP 2012082101 W JP2012082101 W JP 2012082101W WO 2013099593 A1 WO2013099593 A1 WO 2013099593A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/01001—Co-combustion of biomass with coal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/80—Shredding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G2205/20—Waste feed arrangements using airblast or pneumatic feeding
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/26—Biowaste
- F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biomass-fired burner that uses biomass fuel as an auxiliary fuel in a coal-fired boiler, a biomass-fired boiler equipped with a biomass-fired burner, and a method for burning biomass fuel.
- biomass power generation using woody biomass which is a recyclable resource, as a fuel does not substantially increase the CO2 load in the atmosphere, and holds great expectations as new energy.
- wood biomass that can be easily collected include wood pellets and wood chips.
- biomass fuel is used as an auxiliary fuel in a coal-fired boiler, not only fossil fuels are saved and CO2 emissions are reduced, but the biomass fuel has a low nitrogen content, so the combustion exhaust gas is reduced in NOx. be able to.
- a conventional mixed-fired coal-fired boiler As a conventional mixed-fired coal-fired boiler, a conventional pulverized coal burner or a mixed-burner burner that supplies coal and biomass fuel at the same time is used to burn pulverized fuel mixed with pulverized coal and biomass fuel.
- a mixed-fired boiler There is a mixed-fired boiler.
- a typical method is to use a conventional pulverized coal-fired boiler to produce a mixed fuel of pulverized coal and biomass by adding woody biomass raw material to a mill that finely pulverizes coal, such as a roller mill, and place this on the carrier air. And burned with a pulverized coal burner.
- the coal is usually pulverized coal of 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 70 ⁇ m.
- the biomass fuel is also pulverized extremely finely.
- FIG. 7 is a comparison of the pulverized particle size distribution when 5% of woody biomass is mixed into the roller mill as compared with the case of treating only coal.
- the horizontal axis represents the sieve mesh on a logarithmic scale
- the vertical axis represents the passing weight percentage of the sieve. It can be seen that due to the mixing of woody biomass, the particle size distribution of the product fuel spreads both coarsely and finely.
- the combustion characteristics differ between woody biomass fuel and pulverized coal.
- the volatile content is twice that of coal.
- the calorific value is 2/3 of coal in the case of wood pellets and 1/2 in the case of wood chips.
- the ash content is 1/10 or less of coal in the case of wood pellets and wood chips. Therefore, there is a limit to the mixing ratio for co-firing biomass fuel with a burner designed as a pulverized coal burner.
- the industrial performance value of the biomass fuel mixing ratio in the pulverized coal boiler is 3%, and the limit is estimated to be about 5%.
- woody biomass fuel As woody biomass fuel is finely pulverized, the power required for pulverization increases and the basic unit increases. On the other hand, woody biomass fuel is easier to burn than coal if it has the same particle size, so there is no need to make the pulverized particles smaller. Since the combustion characteristics of woody biomass fuel are different from pulverized coal, it is desirable to use a biomass-burning burner specialized for woody biomass fuel in order to efficiently burn woody biomass fuel.
- the pulverizer When using a biomass-burning burner, the pulverizer is operated independently of the pulverized coal under conditions suitable for woody biomass fuel, and an appropriate mixed combustion ratio is selected for the coal using the pulverized coal burner. can do.
- the mixed combustion rate as a boiler is determined according to the number of installed pulverized coal combustion burners and biomass exclusive combustion burners, and combustion efficiency.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a biomass-burning burner that is applied to a mixed-fired boiler in which pulverized coal and biomass fuel are separately introduced into a furnace and burned.
- the disclosed biomass fuel firing nozzle of the biomass burning burner is provided with a dispersing device for preventing the drift of biomass fuel at the center of the center of the nozzle, and the fuel flow rate is increased at the upstream portion of the nozzle to increase the fuel flow rate to the dispersing device.
- the biomass-burning burner is optimized for burning a predetermined amount of biomass fuel, and the number of installed biomass burners can be determined according to the biomass fuel processing amount required in the furnace to which it is applied.
- Patent Document 1 describes an example with a mixed firing rate of 15%.
- the biomass-burning burner is preferably installed between the pulverized coal burning burner and the two-stage combustion air outlet.
- Patent Document 2 is provided with a boiler provided with a mixed combustion burner of pulverized coal and biomass fuel, and a starter or auxiliary burner diverted as a biomass fuel combustion burner that intermittently supplies biomass fuel for combustion.
- a boiler is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 does not describe a specific form of the biomass-burning burner, problems in use, a solution, and the like.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a pulverized coal-burning burner. The disclosed burner is suitable for pulverized coal, which has a larger calorific value than that of biomass fuel, a large amount of air required for combustion, a large specific gravity, and therefore a small optimum particle size. In order to burn woody biomass fuel with high efficiency, it is necessary to optimize for woody biomass fuel.
- a biomass burning burner includes a biomass fuel ejection nozzle having a vent portion and a fuel ejection port for ejecting biomass fuel conveyed to primary air, and an opening of the fuel ejection port.
- a secondary air nozzle having a secondary air jet port surrounding the secondary air nozzle, and a tertiary air nozzle jetting a swirling flow of the tertiary air having a tertiary air jet port surrounding the opening of the secondary air nozzle jet port; , A biomass burning burner.
- the biomass combustion burner of the present invention converts the biomass fuel flow drifted in the vent portion into a swirl flow swirling around the axis, and the swirl vane for distributing the fuel concentration thinly on the tube axis side and densely on the outer peripheral side, Provided in the inner center of the jet nozzle and a rectifying plate on the inner wall immediately upstream of the fuel jet outlet to suppress the swirling of the fuel flow jetted from the fuel jet outlet, to optimize the fuel concentration distribution, A buffer flow is formed between the fuel flow and the tertiary air flow by adjusting the opening of the secondary air outlet and the opening of the tertiary air jet to suppress the amount of secondary air.
- the biomass-burning burner of the present invention may include an oil supply pipe that feeds liquid fuel through the pipe axis to the straight pipe portion downstream of the vent portion of the biomass fuel injection nozzle.
- a woody biomass raw material is formed into 2 mm under particles using a secondary crusher such as an impact crusher (for example, TSX shredder manufactured by Earth Technica Co., Ltd.) independently of pulverized coal.
- a fuel stream with the biomass fuel on the primary air is supplied and burned in the furnace.
- biomass fuel in a reducing atmosphere.
- a flow rate of about 15 to 25 m / s is necessary for transferring biomass fuel, and therefore there is a certain restriction on the primary air amount.
- the primary air amount is operated such that the A / C value (Nm 3 / kg) with respect to the weight of the biomass fuel is 0.8 or more and 2.5 or less. It is preferable to do.
- the biomass-burning burner of the present invention can be operated at an A / C value of 2.5 or less at the rated fuel flow rate, and at an A / C value of 1.5 or less in a 60% load state with respect to the rating.
- the value of A / C is proportionally distributed between A / C 2.5 at the fuel amount of the burner rating and A / C 1.5 at the fuel amount of 60% with respect to the burner rating.
- the secondary air flow smaller than the tertiary air flow rewinds the biomass fuel released into the furnace in the nozzle axial direction to form a vortex around the jet outlet, thereby improving flame holding properties. And has the effect of increasing the NOx suppression effect by continuing the combustion in the reducing atmosphere for a longer time.
- the biomass co-fired boiler of the present invention is configured such that the biomass-fired burner of the present invention is installed in a pulverized coal-fired boiler and biomass fuel processed by a pulverizer different from pulverized coal is supplied to the biomass-fired burner.
- the biomass-burning burner can be provided after the furnace of the pulverized coal fired boiler and at the same position as or higher than the pulverized coal burner installed at a high position. Further, the biomass-burning burner may be provided in front of the furnace of the pulverized coal boiler.
- the biomass co-fired boiler of the present invention can burn a large amount of biomass fuel to save coal, suppress CO2 emission, and reduce NOx.
- the wood biomass fuel whose particle distribution is under 2 mm is conveyed to the primary air with respect to the biomass-burning burner of the present invention, and the flow velocity is changed from 15 m / s to 25 m / s.
- the combustion air is A / C 0.8 or more, and A / C 2.5 at a burner rated fuel amount and A / C 1.5 at a fuel amount 60% of the burner rating.
- the secondary fuel and the tertiary air are supplied so as to be equal to or less than the value of A / C that is proportionally distributed, and the biomass fuel is burned.
- the biomass-burning burner of the present invention can burn a large amount of biomass fuel independently of pulverized coal.
- an appropriate number of biomass-burning burners are installed in newly-installed and existing pulverized coal-fired boilers as biomass-fired boilers, burning biomass fuel, reducing the amount of coal combustion, reducing NOx in exhaust gas, and originating from fossil fuels Greatly reduces CO2 emissions.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a biomass-burning burner according to one embodiment of the present invention. It is drawing which shows the example of the swirl
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a biomass-burning burner according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing an example of swirl blades used in a biomass-burning burner.
- FIG. 2A is a front view of the swirl vane viewed from the direction of the tube axis
- FIG. 2B is a side view of the swirl blade viewed from the direction perpendicular to the tube axis.
- the biomass-burning burner 100 of the present embodiment includes a biomass fuel ejection nozzle 10, a secondary air nozzle 20, and a tertiary air nozzle 25 as shown in FIG.
- An auxiliary fuel supply pipe 31 may be provided on the pipe axis of the biomass fuel injection nozzle 10.
- the biomass fuel injection nozzle 10 supplies biomass fuel conveyed to the primary air into the furnace, and primary air is used in an amount of wind speed of about 15 to 25 m / s where the biomass fuel does not stay in the pipe. .
- the introduction pipe 12 is associated with the biomass fuel supply pipe 11 arranged in the horizontal direction in a substantially vertical direction at the position of the bend portion 14.
- the biomass fuel injection nozzle 10 causes the fuel flow flowing in from the introduction pipe 12 to collide with the reversing plate 13 provided in the bend portion 14 and bends approximately 90 °.
- the fuel particles in the flow are unevenly distributed on the outer circumferential side of the curved pipe by centrifugal force, and the circumferential fuel distribution in the pipe is uneven at the curved pipe outlet.
- the fuel flow collides with the flat reversing plate 13 to disturb the flow, and the fuel distribution in the pipe is made uniform in the circumferential direction.
- the fuel concentration adjusting unit is located in the center of the biomass fuel injection nozzle 11 downstream of the biomass fuel flow. 15 is provided to adjust the fuel concentration in the biomass fuel stream. As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel concentration adjusting unit 15 is configured by providing a plurality of swirl vanes 16 in the flow path of the biomass fuel injection nozzle 11. The swirl blade 16 is inclined with respect to the tube axis.
- the swirl vanes 16 make the inflowing biomass fuel flow into a swirl flow swirling around the axis so that the fuel concentration is thinly distributed around the center and concentrated in the outer peripheral portion, and the concentration distribution is adjusted to be substantially the same in the circumferential direction. .
- a turning degree adjusting plate 17 is provided on the inner wall of the pipe immediately upstream of the fuel outlet 19 for ejecting fuel into the furnace. Thereby, the swirl force of the fuel flow given by the swirl vanes 16 is killed, and the spread of the fuel flow after the ejection is suppressed.
- the turning degree adjusting plate 17 is composed of a plurality of plates arranged in the circumferential direction and substantially parallel to the tube axis. The size and direction of the turning degree adjusting plate 17 can be appropriately determined according to the turning force of the fuel flow and the enlarged angle after the ejection.
- a secondary air nozzle 20 is provided so as to surround the biomass fuel ejection nozzle 10, and a tertiary air nozzle 25 is provided so as to surround the secondary air nozzle 20.
- the secondary air nozzle 20 takes in the secondary air from the wind box via the swirler 21 and supplies the secondary air into the furnace from the secondary air jet 23 formed around the fuel jet 19.
- the tertiary air nozzle 25 takes in the tertiary air from the wind box via the swirler 26 and supplies the tertiary air into the furnace from the tertiary air outlet 27 formed around the secondary air outlet 23.
- the secondary air and the tertiary air are mixed with the biomass fuel flow that spreads from the fuel injection port 19 into the furnace as a part of the combustion air to burn the biomass fuel.
- the secondary air is inside the tertiary air and initially contacts the biomass fuel stream and bends it inward to delay the fuel stream from associating with the tertiary air stream and to maintain a high fuel concentration.
- action which ensures the stable ignition performance and improves flame-holding property.
- the combustion time with low oxygen can be secured and NOx can be reduced more effectively.
- a swirler 21 and a swirler 26 are provided in the vicinity of the intake from the wind box in order to form a swirling flow of combustion air swirling around the fuel jet port 19. ing. These swirlers 21 and 26 may be provided immediately upstream of the secondary air outlet 23 and the tertiary air outlet 27, respectively. In addition, since the effect
- the auxiliary fuel supply pipe 31 is a fuel supply pipe that supplies liquid fuel or gas fuel for auxiliary use or start-up that is used instead of when the biomass fuel is insufficient. Although effective for stable operation, it is not essential. Further, although not shown, a pilot burner and a flame detector are also installed in the biomass-burning burner 100 of this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plant system diagram illustrating an example of a biomass fuel supply system in a pulverized coal boiler to which the biomass-burning burner 100 of the present embodiment is applied.
- a biomass-burning burner 100 On the side wall of the conventional pulverized coal boiler 61, a biomass-burning burner 100 is installed.
- the biomass-burning burner 100 may be installed by replacing a part of an existing pulverized coal burner or a two-stage combustion air supply nozzle.
- Biomass fuel is processed into granules having a particle size different from that of pulverized coal using a special pulverizer different from the pulverizer that produces pulverized coal, and is transported to an air stream independent of pulverized coal. Supplied to the dedicated burner 100.
- the biomass fuel supply system includes a receiving hopper 51 that receives a woody biomass raw material, a belt conveyor 52 that carries out a predetermined amount of raw material from the bottom of the receiving hopper 51, and a pulverizer that receives the raw material from the conveyor 52 and makes particles of a predetermined size. 53, a blower fan 54 that supplies air for conveying biomass fuel from the fine pulverizer 53, a cyclone 55 that removes extremely fine particles from the biomass particles, and fine air is removed from the air discharged from the cyclone 55 to clean it.
- Bag filter 57 that discharges air to the atmosphere, metering feeder 56 that takes out and supplies a predetermined amount of woody biomass fuel from the bottom of the cyclone 55, and transport that supplies primary air to transport biomass fuel that is supplied at a predetermined flow rate
- a fan 59 is provided.
- the woody biomass raw material supplied to the receiving hopper 51 after the primary pulverization is secondarily pulverized by the fine pulverizer 53 until it has a predetermined particle size distribution, and is sent to the cyclone 55 to remove the extremely fine components. It accumulates at the bottom and is supplied to the biomass fuel supply pipe 63 by a predetermined amount by the metering feeder 56.
- Biomass fuel supplied to the biomass fuel supply pipe 63 from the metering feeder 56 is conveyed by primary air fed from the conveyance fan 59 and is supplied to the biomass-burning burner 100 via the fuel conveyance flow supply pipe 65.
- the conveyance air supply amount is set to have a flow velocity of about 15 m / s to 25 m / s so as not to cause stagnation of fuel particles or an extremely high speed flow in the fuel conveyance flow supply pipe 65 and the biomass burning burner 100. It is decided.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an arrangement example when the biomass-burning burner of the present embodiment is installed in an existing pulverized coal burning boiler.
- four rows are arranged in a row in front of the furnace (upstream side of the combustion gas flow), four rows of 16 pulverized coal burners, and four rows in the upper direction of the furnace (downstream of the combustion gas flow) are arranged in four rows.
- the existing pulverized coal-fired boiler that was provided with 8 TS ports in total, 4 rows in a row at a position substantially corresponding to the height of the uppermost pulverized coal burner after the furnace on the back side.
- a biomass burner is attached.
- the number of biomass-burning burners can be determined according to the capacity of the biomass-burning burner and the amount of biomass fuel to be processed by the boiler.
- the pulverized coal burner is disposed under the biomass-burning burner. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the fuel particles having a large particle size in the biomass fuel from falling to the furnace bottom in an unburned state. Needless to say, when refurbishing an existing boiler, an appropriate part of the existing pulverized coal burner or TS port may be replaced with a biomass-burning burner.
- Conventional pulverized coal burners usually require fine pulverization of coal in order to increase combustion efficiency, and are usually used as fine powder of 200 ⁇ m or less, preferably about 70 ⁇ m.
- pulverized coal fuel treated so that the particle size of the fuel is not more than 74 ⁇ m and occupy 80% is used, and the amount of fuel transported air to A / C (fuel (kg / h) ( By adjusting Nm 3 / h) to the range of 0.8 to 3.0, the pulverized coal can be burned in the range of the load factor with respect to the rated value of 35% to 100%.
- biomass fuel is burned under different conditions from pulverized coal using a biomass-burning burner 100 different from pulverized coal, and therefore a pulverizer for pulverized coal Independently selected, for example, TSX type shredder manufactured by Earth Technica Co., Ltd. Form into sized particles.
- a pulverizer for pulverized coal Independently selected, for example, TSX type shredder manufactured by Earth Technica Co., Ltd. Form into sized particles.
- the primary air for conveyance is provided with an air volume and a wind pressure optimized for the biomass-burning burner 100 using a separate independent conveyance fan 59.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the particle size distribution before and after processing with a pulverizer for various wood biomass materials such as wood pellets and wood chips.
- the wood pellets pulverized under 2 mm by the fine pulverizer 53 exhibit a particle distribution such that 700 ⁇ m or less occupies 80%, and can be easily reduced and burned by the biomass-burning burner 100 of this embodiment.
- the biomass fuel showing the particle distribution is released into the furnace from the fuel outlet 19 of the biomass fuel injection nozzle 10
- all the particles are floated and burnt on the combustion gas ascending current in the furnace, and are unburned. It is confirmed by the woody biomass thermal flow analysis that the components do not settle to the furnace bottom when applied to an actual boiler.
- FIG. 6 is a burner load / A / C relationship diagram according to the biomass-burning burner 100 of the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the fuel amount as a percentage (%) of the rating
- the vertical axis represents A / C (Nm 3 / h).
- the hatched area shown in the figure is the recommended driving area.
- the biomass-burning burner 100 according to the present embodiment is industrially available from A / C 0.8 to 2.5 at a load factor of 100%, from A / C 0.8 to 1.5 at a load factor of 60%. Can be used.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of confirming the operable range using a biomass-burning burner that burns fuel with a rated value of 300 kg / h.
- the black circles in the figure indicate cases where the ignitability and flame holding properties are good and the flames are stable, and the crosses indicate cases where flame holding properties etc. are poor and combustion is poor. From the figure, the driving possibility within the recommended driving range can be confirmed.
- biomass-burning burner of the present embodiment by burning a large amount of woody biomass fuel, the consumption of coal can be reduced and CO2 emission originating from fossil fuel can be suppressed.
- Biomass-burning burners burn biomass fuel independently of pulverized coal, so the amount of combustion can be adjusted according to the number of installations, and by installing an appropriate number of burners with a predetermined capacity, a large amount of biomass fuel can be stabilized. Can be mixed and fired. Moreover, in a biomass mixed combustion boiler, since there is little nitrogen component in biomass fuel, NOx reduction of combustion exhaust gas can be achieved.
- biomass-burning burner of the present invention By applying the biomass-burning burner of the present invention to a new or existing pulverized coal fired boiler, a biomass mixed combustion boiler that burns at a high biomass mixed combustion rate can be obtained.
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Abstract
Description
RPS法により、電気事業者は、バイオマスを補助燃料として利用した混焼方式でなければ、石炭焚き火力発電設備を新設できない。既設の設備においても、バイオマス混焼方式の導入が求められている。
微粉炭ボイラにおけるバイオマス燃料混合比の工業的実績値は3%であり、限界は5%程度と推定される。
ボイラとしての混焼率は、微粉炭燃焼バーナーおよびバイオマス専焼バーナーの設置数、並びに燃焼効率にしたがって決められる。
なお、バイオマス専焼バーナーは、微粉炭専焼バーナーと二段燃焼用空気噴出口の間に設置することが好ましい。
特許文献3は、微粉炭専焼バーナーを開示したものである。開示されたバーナーは、バイオマス燃料と比較して発熱量が大きく、燃焼に必要な空気量が大きく、比重が大きく、従って最適な粒度が小さい微粉炭に適合するものである。木質バイオマス燃料を高い効率で燃焼させるためには、木質バイオマス燃料に対応して最適化する必要がある。
本発明のバイオマス専焼バーナーには、微粉炭と独立に、衝撃式破砕機(たとえば、株式会社アーステクニカ製TSX型シュレッダ)などの二次粉砕機を使って木質バイオマス原料を2mmアンダーの粒子に形成したバイオマス燃料を一次空気に載せた燃料流が供給され、炉内で燃焼させる。
本発明のバイオマス専焼バーナーでは、バイオマス燃料搬送のために15~25m/s程度の流速が必要であるため一次空気量に一定の制約がある。さらに、バイオマス燃料を還元雰囲気中で効率よく燃焼させるために、一次空気量がバイオマス燃料の重量に対するA/C値(Nm3/kg)で0.8以上2.5以下になるようにして運転することが好ましい。
燃料量が60%以上の場合は、バーナー定格の燃料量におけるA/C2.5とバーナー定格に対して60%の燃料量におけるA/C1.5との間を比例配分したA/Cの値以下になるようにして運転することができる。
なお、バイオマス専焼バーナーは、微粉炭焚きボイラの炉後であって、高い位置に設置された微粉炭バーナーと同じあるいはより高い位置に設けることができる。また、バイオマス専焼バーナーは、微粉炭ボイラの炉前に設けても良い。
本発明のバイオマス混焼ボイラは、バイオマス燃料を大量に燃焼させて、石炭の節約とCO2の放出抑制とNOx低減を行うことができる。
本発明のバイオマス燃料燃焼方法により、本発明のバイオマス専焼バーナーを適切に稼働させて、効果的に大量のバイオマス燃料を燃焼させることができる。
また、新設及び既設の微粉炭焚きボイラに対してバイオマス専焼バーナーを適当数設置してバイオマス混焼ボイラとして、バイオマス燃料を燃焼させ石炭燃焼量を削減し排ガス中のNOxを低減しかつ化石燃料起源のCO2排出量を削減する効果が大きい。
図1は、本発明の1実施例に係るバイオマス専焼バーナーの概略断面図、図2はバイオマス専焼バーナーに使う旋回羽根の例を示す図面である。図2(a)図は旋回羽根を管軸の方向から見た正面図、図2(b)図は管軸に垂直の方向から見た側面図である。
燃料濃度調整部15は、図2に示すように、バイオマス燃料噴出ノズル11の流路中に旋回羽根16を複数設けることで構成される。旋回羽根16は、羽根が管軸に対して傾いている。旋回羽根16は、流入するバイオマス燃料流を軸周りに旋回する旋回流にすることにより、燃料濃度を中心に薄く外周部に濃く分布させると共に、濃度分布が周方向にほぼ同一になるように整える。
二次空気ノズル20は、旋回器21を介して風箱から二次空気を取り込み、燃料噴出口19の周囲に形成した二次空気噴出口23から炉内に二次空気を供給する。また、三次空気ノズル25は、旋回器26を介して風箱から三次空気を取り込み、二次空気噴出口23の周囲に形成した三次空気噴出口27から炉内に三次空気を供給する。
二次空気は、三次空気の内側にあって、バイオマス燃料流と初めに接触してこれを内側に屈曲させて燃料流が三次空気流と会合するのを遅らせ、燃料濃度が高い状態を持続させることにより、安定した着火性能を確保し保炎性を向上させる、という作用を有する。また、低酸素での燃焼時間を確保して、より効果的にNOxを低減させることができる。
また、図示しないが、本実施例のバイオマス専焼バーナー100にも、パイロットバーナーや火炎検知器が設置されている。
従来型の微粉炭ボイラ61の側壁に、バイオマス専焼バーナー100が設置されている。バイオマス専焼バーナー100は、既設の微粉炭バーナーあるいは二段燃焼空気供給ノズルの一部を入れ替えて設置しても良い。
バイオマス燃料は、微粉炭を製造する微粉砕機とは異なる専用の微粉砕機を用いて微粉炭と異なる粒度を持つ粒体に加工されて、微粉炭と独立した空気流に搬送されて、バイオマス専焼バーナー100に供給される。
搬送給気量は、燃料搬送流供給管65とバイオマス専焼バーナー100の中で燃料粒子の停滞や極度な高速流が生じないように、15m/sから25m/s程度の流速を持たせるように決められる。
図4の配置例は、炉前下方(燃焼ガス流の上流側)に4本ずつ4列合わせて16本の微粉炭バーナー、炉前上方(燃焼ガス流の下流側)に4本ずつ2列合わせて8本のTSポートが設けられていた既設の微粉炭焚きボイラに対して、背面側の炉後における、最上列の微粉炭バーナーの高さにほぼ対応する位置に、1列4本のバイオマス専焼バーナーを付設したものである。バイオマス専焼バーナーの数は、バイオマス専焼バーナーの容量とボイラで処理したいバイオマス燃料の量に応じて決めることができる。
なお、既設のボイラを改装するときには、既設の微粉炭バーナーあるいはTSポートの適宜な一部をバイオマス専焼バーナーに交換するようにしても良いことはいうまでもない。
また、上記粒子分布を示すバイオマス燃料は、バイオマス燃料噴出ノズル10の燃料噴出口19から炉内に放出されたときに全ての粒子が炉内の燃焼ガス上昇気流に乗って浮遊燃焼し、未燃成分が炉底に沈降しないことが、実機ボイラに適用した場合における木質バイオマス熱流動解析により確認されている。
本実施例のバイオマス専焼バーナー100は、図6に示すように、負荷率100%でA/C0.8から2.5まで、負荷率60%でA/C0.8から1.5まで、工業的に使用ができる。
なお、負荷率60%以下では、バイオマス燃料流中の燃料成分の割合が小さくなりすぎて、良好な着火や保炎が難しくなるので、勧められない。
また、バイオマス混焼ボイラでは、バイオマス燃料に窒素成分が少ないため、燃焼排ガスの低NOx化を図ることができる。
11 バイオマス燃料供給管
12 導入管
13 反転板
15 燃料濃度調整部
16 旋回羽根
17 旋回度調整板
19 燃料噴出口
20 二次空気ノズル
21 旋回器
23 二次空気噴出口
25 三次空気ノズル
26 旋回器
27 三次空気噴出口
31 補助燃料供給管
51 受入れホッパ
52 ベルトコンベア
53 微粉砕機
54 送風ファン
55 サイクロン
56 定量供給機
57 バグフィルタ
59 搬送ファン
61 微粉炭ボイラ
63 バイオマス燃料供給管
65 燃料搬送流供給管
100 バイオマス専焼バーナー
Claims (9)
- バイオマス専焼バーナーであって、
ベント部を有し、一次空気に搬送されたバイオマス燃料を噴出する燃料噴出口を備えたバイオマス燃料噴出ノズルと、
前記燃料噴出口の開口を取り囲む二次空気噴出口を備え、二次空気を噴出する二次空気ノズルと、
前記二次空気噴出口を取り囲む三次空気噴出口を備え、三次空気の旋回流を噴出する三次空気ノズルと、を有し、
前記ベント部で偏流したバイオマス燃料流を軸周りに旋回する旋回流に変換して、燃料濃度を管軸側に薄く外周部側に濃く分布させる旋回羽根を、前記バイオマス燃料噴出ノズルの内部中央に備え、かつ、前記燃料噴出口から噴出する燃料流の旋回を抑制する旋回度調整板を、前記燃料噴出口の直ぐ上流の管内壁に備えることにより、燃料濃度分布を適正化し、
前記二次空気噴出口の開口と前記三次空気噴出口の開口を調整して二次空気量を抑制することにより、燃料流と三次空気流の間に緩衝流を形成させることを特徴とするバイオマス専焼バーナー。 - 前記一次空気は、前記バイオマス燃料噴出ノズルの管内で燃料搬送流の速度を15m/sから25m/sの範囲内に収める量が供給されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバイオマス専焼バーナー。
- 請求項1記載のバイオマス専焼バーナーを微粉炭焚きボイラに設備し、微粉炭を処理する微粉砕機とは異なる微粉砕機で処理したバイオマス燃料を、該バイオマス専焼バーナーに供給するように構成したバイオマス混焼ボイラ。
- 前記バイオマス専焼バーナーは、前記微粉炭焚きボイラの炉後であって高い位置に設置された微粉炭バーナーと同じあるいはより高い位置に設けたことを特徴とする請求項3記載のバイオマス混焼ボイラ。
- 前記バイオマス専焼バーナーにおいて、前記一次空気は、前記バイオマス燃料噴出ノズルの管内で燃料搬送流の速度を15m/sから25m/sの範囲内に収める量が供給されることを特徴とする請求項3記載のバイオマス混焼ボイラ。
- 前記バイオマス専焼バーナーは、前記微粉炭焚きボイラの炉後であって高い位置に設置された微粉炭バーナーと同じあるいはより高い位置に設けたことを特徴とする請求項5記載のバイオマス混焼ボイラ。
- 請求項1記載のバイオマス専焼バーナーを用いてバイオマス燃料を燃焼させることを特徴とするバイオマス燃料燃焼方法。
- 前記一次空気は、前記バイオマス燃料噴出ノズルの管内で燃料搬送流の速度を15m/sから25m/sの範囲内に収める量が供給されることを特徴とする、請求項7記載のバイオマス燃料燃焼方法。
- 前記バイオマス専焼バーナーに、粒子分布が2mmアンダーになった木質バイオマス燃料を一次空気に搬送させて流速が15m/sから25m/sになるような燃料流を供給し、一次空気と二次空気と三次空気を加えた燃焼用空気が、
A/C0.8以上、かつ、
バーナー定格の燃料量におけるA/C2.5とバーナー定格の60%の燃料量におけるA/C1.5との間を比例配分したA/Cの値以下
になるように、二次空気と三次空気を供給して、バイオマス燃料を燃焼させることを特徴とする、請求項7記載のバイオマス燃料燃焼方法。
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KR20140101335A (ko) | 2014-08-19 |
EP2799770B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CN103175200B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
KR101609962B1 (ko) | 2016-04-06 |
JP2013133944A (ja) | 2013-07-08 |
JP5886031B2 (ja) | 2016-03-16 |
CN103175200A (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
CN203116003U (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
US20140352582A1 (en) | 2014-12-04 |
EP2799770A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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DK2799770T3 (en) | 2019-01-14 |
US10309647B2 (en) | 2019-06-04 |
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