WO2013097271A1 - 直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔及其制造方法和清洗方法 - Google Patents

直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔及其制造方法和清洗方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013097271A1
WO2013097271A1 PCT/CN2012/001327 CN2012001327W WO2013097271A1 WO 2013097271 A1 WO2013097271 A1 WO 2013097271A1 CN 2012001327 W CN2012001327 W CN 2012001327W WO 2013097271 A1 WO2013097271 A1 WO 2013097271A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling tower
coil
direct current
current transmission
water
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2012/001327
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姚为正
张建
阮卫华
罗文素
王大伟
白杰
王成龙
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Xuji Group Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2013097271A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013097271A1/zh
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0477—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits being bent in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C1/00—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers
    • F28C1/14—Direct-contact trickle coolers, e.g. cooling towers comprising also a non-direct contact heat exchange
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hermetic evaporative cooling tower in a cooling device for a direct current transmission converter valve, and to a method for manufacturing the hermetic evaporative cooling tower, and to a method for cleaning the hermetic evaporative cooling tower.
  • the DC transmission converter valve uses pure water as the cooling medium, and the conductivity is required to be no higher than 0.5 u s/cm. Therefore, it is required that the various parts of the cooling medium and the pipeline material will not be polluted during the circulation.
  • the main components of the closed evaporative cooling tower are: cooling coil, spray pipe and heat exchange layer (filler layer).
  • the existing closed evaporative cooling towers are mainly used in petrochemical, air-conditioning and other industries. Most of them use carbon steel as production materials for cooling tower coils, siding, water trays, etc. Even if they are produced by stainless steel, their production and cleaning processes are used. The effect of the conductivity of the cooling medium is also not taken into account.
  • the existing closed evaporative cooling tower has the following disadvantages during use:
  • the welding process is simple, and the slag is easily left in the cooling coil; the connection between the cooling coils is welded, and the splicing is corrosive in a hot and humid environment.
  • the leakage coil is mostly made of carbon steel or copper, which is easy to precipitate part of the ions and pollute the water; after the cooling tower is completed, there is a lack of necessary cleaning in the cooling coil, and there is a large amount of impurities; the pressure at the weld is not high. , easy to leak; other components of the cooling tower are made of corrosive cast iron and other materials, and have a short service life.
  • the technical solution of the present invention adopts a sealed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission, which comprises a cooling coil, and the cooling coil is integrally bent, and the cooling coil is made of stainless steel.
  • the stainless steel plate is 304/304L/316/316L.
  • the technical solution of the present invention adopts a manufacturing method of a closed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission, which comprises the manufacturing process of the cooling coil, specifically: first cleaning the steel plate of the coiling tube; and rolling the steel plate into a steel pipe, Weld the pipe joint by high frequency welding; clean the welding slag on the weld when welding, the qualified standard is smooth quilting, no obvious bump, no visible black slag, weld nodules; use bending machine to continuously bend the steel pipe; Each stainless steel coil was subjected to a withstand voltage test; the coil with the pressure test was connected to the cooling water inlet and outlet by argon arc welding.
  • the steps of cleaning the steel plate are specifically as follows: Washing the stainless steel surface with an acid pickling solution at normal temperature; the acceptable standard is: the surface of the stainless steel is bright white; then the residual acid on the stainless steel surface is rinsed with tap water.
  • the purpose of the cleaning is to remove the scale, and the hot-processed stainless steel and the heat affected zone will produce a scale that will affect the corrosion resistance.
  • the pickling solution is made up of the following volume fraction components: nitric acid is 20-30%, and the balance is water.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is also to adopt a cleaning method for a closed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission, comprising the following steps: first flushing the cooling coil with tap water for 5 to 10 minutes; then washing with acid solution, washing time 60 ⁇ 90min, at the same time, add the same material as the cooling coil at the inlet of the pickling solution.
  • the qualified standard is that the surface of the hanging piece is bright; use the passivation solution to treat the cooling coil weld; the treatment method is to lick the passivation solution on the surface of the weld, then rinse with cold water, then carefully cloth Scrub, finally rinse off with hot water, and blow dry; use compressed air to empty the residual liquid in the coil.
  • the passivation solution is composed of the following volume fraction components: 3-6 parts of nitric acid, 94-97 parts of water, potassium dichromate. Olg/ (100 ml of water), and a passivation treatment time of lh.
  • the conductivity of pure water in a closed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission shall not exceed 0.5 ⁇ s/cm, so it is required that the cooling coil must not contain any impurities.
  • the cycle cleaning of the invention not only achieves the purpose of flushing the cooling tower, but also recycles the flushing water to save water consumption.
  • the specific process is as follows: The water in the clean water tank is driven by the circulating pump to the cooling tower with a large flow rate (not less than 1.5 times the rated flow rate), and the impurities after the cooling tower is trapped are filtered after the cooling tower is discharged. On the device; the filtered water is then re-entered into the solution tank.
  • the flushing time is 60 ⁇ 120min; the second flushing direction should make the water flow direction opposite to the normal working flow of the cooling tower (hereinafter referred to as Reverse), the rinsing time is 60 ⁇ 120min; then it is washed several times in the positive and reverse directions, but the rinsing time can be shortened accordingly (about 60min). To ensure the flushing effect, the last time should be reverse flushing.
  • the clean water tank is a transparent flame-retardant PE barrel with a volume of 10m 3 ; the liquid level in the water tank is visible to the naked eye.
  • the filter accuracy after the cooling tower exit and before the water tank enters the water is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , the filter element and the filter housing are made of stainless steel; because the flushing flow is large, the ⁇ type filter is relatively less susceptible to pressure shock, so here
  • the filter type should not be a ⁇ type, but a pipe or ⁇ type filter.
  • Stainless steel is used between the pump and the cooling tower, between the cooling tower and the filter, between the clean water tank and the pump.
  • the steel metal hose is made to ensure that the pipeline does not pollute the water and the pipeline is easy to install and move.
  • the acceptance criteria for rinsing are: Visually clean inside the tube, free of scale; no visible impurities on the filter. Pure water rinsing: Rinse the coil with deionized water, the rinsing flow is not lower than the rated flow of the cooling tower
  • the conductivity of deionized water is not higher than 0.5 s/cm; the rinsing direction is flushed from bottom to top to facilitate thorough rinsing of the coil, and the rinsing time is 20 ⁇ 40min.
  • the cooling tower was sealed with nitrogen and the purity of nitrogen was 99.9%.
  • the method for manufacturing the closed evaporation type cooling tower of the invention can make the cooling tower have reliable performance, stable operation and long service life; the coil tube is processed by the high frequency splicing method; the coil tube is made by continuous bending without welding; the coil is made of stainless steel 304 ⁇ 316L and other corrosion-resistant, stable materials; coil pressure test and welding effect under high pressure, the experimental effect is good; the cooling tower is cleaned and rinsed after production to ensure that the cooling tower ⁇ cooling medium contact does not cause pollution to the end;
  • the spray pipe is made of stainless steel/PVC; after the cooling tower is processed, it is cleaned and washed; after the equipment is cleaned, it is sealed with nitrogen;; other components of the cooling tower are made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel and the like.
  • the components of the cooling tower that are in contact with the cooling water are only the cooling coil and its inlet and outlet water mains. Therefore, the coil and its inlet and outlet water mains should be specially designed to pay attention to the influence of cooling water.
  • the disc control material is made of stainless steel (304/304L/316/316L) which is resistant to corrosion and is not easy to precipitate ions.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a cooling coil in an evaporative cooling tower of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the cooling tower cleaning of the present invention.
  • the hermetic evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission includes a cooling coil 1 which is integrally bent, as shown in FIG.
  • the cooling coil is made of stainless steel and the stainless steel is
  • the manufacturing method of the sealed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission includes the manufacturing process of the cooling coil, specifically: first cleaning the steel plate of the coil: brushing the stainless steel surface with the pickling liquid at normal temperature; the eligibility criteria are: The surface of the stainless steel is bright white; then the residual acid on the stainless steel surface is washed with tap water; the purpose of the cleaning is to remove the scale, and the hot-processed stainless steel and the heat affected zone of the weld will produce a scale, which will affect the scale.
  • Corrosion resistance The steel plate is rolled into a steel pipe, and the pipe joint is welded by high-frequency welding; the slag on the weld is cleaned during welding, and the qualified standard is that the weld is smooth, no obvious unevenness, no visible black slag, weld bead
  • the pickling liquid in this example was made up of the following volume fraction components: 25% nitric acid, and the balance being water.
  • the cleaning method of the sealed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission includes the following steps: first flushing the cooling coil with tap water for 5 to 10 minutes; then cleaning with acid, rinsing time of 60 to 90 minutes, while pickling liquid
  • the hanging piece of the same material as the cooling coil is attached to the inlet to observe the pickling effect.
  • the qualified standard is that the surface of the hanging piece is bright; the cooling coil is quilted by using the passivation solution; the treatment method is to pass the passivation solution on the surface of the welded surface.
  • passivation The liquid is composed of the following volume fraction components: 5 parts of nitric acid, 95 parts of water, potassium dichromate. 01 g / (100 ml of water), and a passivation treatment time of 1 h.
  • the conductivity of pure water in a closed evaporative cooling tower for direct current transmission shall not exceed 0.5 ⁇ s/cm, so it is required that the cooling coil must not contain any impurities.
  • the specific process of the cycle cleaning of the present invention is: the water in the clean water tank is driven into the cooling tower by a large flow rate (not less than 1.5 times the rated flow rate) driven by the circulation pump, and the impurities after being flushed out from the cooling tower are trapped in the cooling.
  • the filter is discharged from the water after the tower is discharged; after that, the purified water after filtration is re-entered into the clean water tank.
  • the first flushing should be flushed in the same direction as the flow direction of the cooling tower during normal operation (hereinafter referred to as forward), and the flushing time is 80 min ; the second flushing direction should be such that the water flow direction is opposite to the normal working flow of the cooling tower (hereinafter referred to as the reverse direction). ), the rinsing time is 80miri ; then the rinsing time is repeated several times in the positive and reverse directions, but the rinsing time can be shortened accordingly (about 60min); to ensure the rinsing effect, the last time should be reverse rinsing.
  • the clean water tank is a transparent flame-retardant PE barrel with a volume of 10m 3 ; the liquid level in the water tank is visible to the naked eye.
  • the filter accuracy after the cooling tower exit and before the water tank enters the water is ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
  • the filter element and the filter housing are made of stainless steel; because of the large flushing flow, the pipe type or the ⁇ type filter is used.
  • the stainless steel gold hose is used between the pump and the cooling tower, between the cooling tower and the filter, and between the clean water tank and the pump. This ensures that the pipeline will not pollute the water and the pipeline is easy to install and move.
  • the acceptance criteria for rinsing are: Visually clean inside the tube, free of scale; no visible impurities on the filter. Pure water rinsing: Rinse the coil with deionized water, the rinsing flow rate is not less than 0.2 times the rated flow rate of the cooling tower; the conductivity of deionized water is not higher than 0.5 us/cm; the rinsing direction is flushed from bottom to top, so that it will be convenient The coil is thoroughly rinsed and the rinse time is 20 ⁇ 40min. The cooling tower was sealed with nitrogen and the purity of nitrogen was 99.9%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔及其制造方法和清洗方法。该冷却塔包括冷却盘管，冷却盘管一体弯制而成，其材质为不锈钢。冷却塔的冷却盘管的制作工艺包括：先用酸洗液清洗不锈钢板的表面，然后卷制钢管，再使用折弯机将卷制好的钢管连续折弯，最后经过耐压检验后与冷却水进出总管焊接。冷却塔的清洗方法包括：先用自来水冲洗，然后用酸液清洗，最后用钝化液处理冷却盘管的焊缝。该冷却塔的冷却盘管耐腐蚀，内部杂质少，减少了对作为冷却介质的纯水造成的污染。

Description

说 明 书 直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔及其制造方法和清洗方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种直流输电换流阀用冷却装置中的密闭蒸发式冷却塔， 同 时还涉及一种该密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法； 还涉及一种该密闭蒸发式冷 却塔的清洗方法。
背景技术
目前， 直流输电换流阀均采用纯水做为冷却介质， 且要求电导率不得高 于 0.5 u s/cm, 因此要求与冷却介质的各部位及管道材料在循环过程中不会对 其造成污染。 密闭蒸发式冷却塔的主要作用部件为： 冷却盘管， 喷淋布水管 及热交换层（填料层）。现有的密闭蒸发式冷却塔主要用于石化、空调等行业， 大部分采用碳钢作为冷却塔盘管、 壁板、 积水盘等的生产材料， 即使采用不 锈钢生产， 对其生产、 清洗过程也未考虑到冷却介质电导率的影响。 现有的 密闭蒸发式冷却塔在使用过程中存在有以下缺点： 焊接过程简单， 冷却盘管 中易残留有悍渣； 冷却盘管间的连接采用焊接连接， 悍接处在湿热环境下易 腐蚀而产生泄漏； 冷却盘管多采用碳钢或铜， 易析出部分离子而产生污染水 质； 冷却塔生产完成后， 冷却盘管内缺乏必要的清理易存在有大量杂质； 焊 缝处耐压程度不高， 易泄漏； 冷却塔其它构件采用易腐蚀的铸铁等材质， 使 用寿命较短。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔。 本发明的目的还在于提供一种该直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方 法。
同时， 本发明的目的还在于提供一种该直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的 清洗方法。
为了实现上述目的， 本发明的技术方案采用了一种直流输电用密闭蒸发 式冷却塔， 包括冷却盘管， 冷却盘管采用一体弯制而成， 冷却盘管材质为不 锈钢。
所述的不锈钢的钢板为 304/304L/316/316L。
进一步地， 本发明的技术方案采用了一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔 的制造方法， 包括冷却盘管的制作工艺， 具体为： 先清洗制盘管的钢板； 将 钢板卷制成钢管， 使用高频焊接方式焊接管缝； 清理焊接时焊缝上的焊渣， 合格标准为悍缝处光滑， 无明显凹凸， 无可见黑色悍渣、 焊瘤； 使用折弯机 将钢管连续弯； 对每根不锈钢盘管进行耐压测试； 用氩弧焊将耐压测试合格 的盘管与冷却水进出总管连接。
清洗钢板的步骤具体为： 在常温下使用酸洗液刷洗不锈钢表面； 合格标 准为： 不锈钢表面呈亮白色； 然后用自来水将不锈钢表面残留酸液冲洗干净。 清洗的目的是去除氧化皮， 经热加工的不锈钢和焊接热影响区都会产生一层 氧化皮， 这层氧化皮会影响耐腐蚀性。
所述的酸洗液由以下体积分数的成分制成： 硝酸为 20— 30%， 其余为水。 本发明的技术方案还在于采用了一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清 洗方法， 包括以下步骤： 先将冷却盘管用自来水冲洗 5〜10min; 然后再用酸液 淸洗， 冲洗时间 60~90min， 同时在酸洗液入口加挂与冷却盘管相同材质的挂 片， 以观察酸洗效果， 合格标准为挂片表面光亮； 使用钝化液处理冷却盘管 焊缝； 处理方法是将钝化液在焊缝表面揩一遍， 然后用冷水冲， 再用布仔细 擦洗， 最后用热水冲洗干净， 并将其吹干； 用压缩空气将盘管内残留液体排 空。
所述的钝化液由以下体积分数的成分组成为： 硝酸 3— 6份、 水 94一 97 份， 重铬酸钾. Olg/ ( 100ml水）， 钝化处理时间为 lh。
直流输电用密闭蒸发型冷却塔纯水电导率不得高于 0.5 μ s/cm, 因此要求 冷却盘管中不得含有任何杂质。 本发明的循环清洗， 既达到了将冷却塔冲洗 千净的目的， 又可将冲洗用水循环使用节约了用水量。 具体过程为： 清水箱 屮的水在循环泵的驱动下以大流量 （不低于额定流量的 1.5倍） 冲入冷却塔， 自冷却塔冲出后的杂质被截留在冷却塔出水后的过滤器上； 其后经过滤净化 后的水重新进入清水箱。
由于冷却盘管中存在有大量弯头， 所以需多次正、 反冲洗。 首次冲洗时 应按冷却塔正常工作时的水流方向相同的方向冲洗（以下简称正向）， 冲洗时 间为 60~120min; 第二次冲洗方向应使水流方向与冷却塔正常工作流向相反 (以下简称反向）， 冲洗时间为 60〜120min; 其后再按正、 反向多次冲洗， 但 冲洗时间可相应减短（约 60min)。 为保证冲洗效果， 最后一次应为反向冲洗。
清水箱为透明阻燃的 PE桶， 容积为 10m3 ; 水箱中液位情况肉眼可视。 冷却塔出口后及清水箱入水前的过滤器精度为 ΙΟΟ μ ηι, 滤芯及过滤器壳 体材质均为不锈钢； 因冲洗流量较大， 而 Υ型过滤器忍受压力冲击程度相对 较小， 故此处过滤器型式不应为 Υ型， 而是管道式或 Τ型过滤器。
泵与冷却塔之间、 冷却塔与过滤器之间、 清水箱与泵之间全部采用不锈 钢金属软管制作， 这样既保证了管道不会污染水质， 又使得管道便于安装及 移动。
冲洗合格标准为： 目测管内洁净、 无氧化皮； 过滤器上无可见杂质。 纯水漂洗： 使用去离子水漂洗盘管， 漂洗流量不低于冷却塔额定流量的
0.2倍； 去离子水的电导率不高于 0.5 s/cm; 漂洗方向为从下向上冲洗， 以方 便将盘管冲洗彻底， 漂洗时间为 20~40min。 向冷却塔中充氮密封， 氮气纯度 为 99.9%。
本发明的密闭蒸发型冷却塔制作方法， 可以使冷却塔性能可靠、 运行稳 定， 使用寿命长； 采用高频悍接形式加工盘管； 盘管采用连续弯制作， 无需 焊接； 盘管采用不锈钢 304〜316L等耐腐蚀、 稳定材质制作； 盘管在高压下施 压检验及焊接效果， 实验效果好； 冷却塔生产后进行清洗、 冲洗确保冷却塔 屮 冷却介质接触的部分不会对截至产生污染； 喷淋水管采用不锈钢 /PVC制 作； 冷却塔加工完后进行清洗、 冲洗； 设备清洗完后充氮密封;； 冷却塔其它 构件采用耐腐蚀的不锈钢等材质等。
冷却塔中与冷却水接触的部件只有冷却盘管及其进出水总管。 因此盘管 及其进出水总管的制作应特别注意对冷却水的影响。 盘管制作用材质采用耐 腐蚀， 不易析出离子的不锈钢钢板 （304/304L/316/316L)。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的蒸发式冷却塔中冷却盘管的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明的冷却塔清洗流程图。
具体实施方式
直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔实施例： 本实施例的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔， 包括冷却盘管 1， 冷却盘管 1 采用一体弯制而成， 如图 1所示。 冷却盘管材质为不锈钢， 不锈钢的钢板为
304/304L/316/316L。
直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法：
本实施例的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法， 包括冷却盘管的 制作工艺， 具体为： 先清洗制盘管的钢板： 在常温下使用酸洗液刷洗不锈钢 表面； 合格标准为： 不锈钢表面呈亮白色； 然后用自来水将不锈钢表面残留 酸液冲洗千净； 清洗的目的是去除氧化皮， 经热加工的不锈钢和焊接热影响 区都会产生一层氧化皮， 这层氧化皮会影响耐腐蚀性； 将钢板卷制成钢管， 使用高频焊接方式焊接管缝； 清理焊接时焊缝上的悍渣， 合格标准为焊缝处 光滑， 无明显凹凸， 无可见黑色焊渣、 焊瘤； 使用折弯机将钢管连续弯； 对 每根不锈钢盘管进行耐压测试； 用氩弧焊将耐压测试合格后的盘管与冷却水 进出总管连接。
本实施例中的酸洗液由以下体积分数的成分制成： 硝酸为 25%， 其余为 水。
直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法实施例：
本实施例的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法， 包括以下步骤： 先将冷却盘管用自来水冲洗 5〜10min ; 然后再用酸液清洗， 冲洗时间 60~90min， 同时在酸洗液入口加挂与冷却盘管相同材质的挂片， 以观察酸洗 效果， 合格标准为挂片表面光亮； 使用钝化液处理冷却盘管悍缝； 处理方法 是将钝化液在焊缝表面揩一遍， 然后用冷水冲， 再用布仔细擦洗， 最后用热 水冲洗干净， 并将其吹干； 用压缩空气将盘管内残留液体排空。 其中， 钝化 液由以下体积分数的成分组成为： 硝酸 5份、水 95份， 重铬酸钾.01g/ ( 100ml 水）， 钝化处理时间为 lh。
直流输电用密闭蒸发型冷却塔纯水电导率不得高于 0.5 μ s/cm, 因此要求 冷却盘管中不得含有任何杂质。
本发明的循环清洗具体过程为： 清水箱中的水在循环泵的驱动下以大流 量（不低于额定流量的 1.5倍）冲入冷却塔， 自冷却塔冲出后的杂质被截留在 冷却塔出水后的过滤器上； 其后经过滤净化后的水重新进入清水箱。
由于冷却盘管中存在有大量弯头， 所以需多次正、 反冲洗。 首次冲洗时 应按冷却塔正常工作时的水流方向相同的方向冲洗（以下简称正向）， 冲洗时 间为 80min; 第二次冲洗方向应使水流方向与冷却塔正常工作流向相反（以下 简称反向）， 冲洗时间为 80miri; 其后再按正、 反向多次冲洗， 但冲洗时间可 相应减短 （约 60min); 为保证冲洗效果， 最后一次应为反向冲洗。 清水箱为 透明阻燃的 PE桶， 容积为 10m3 ; 水箱中液位情况肉眼可视。
冷却塔出口后及清水箱入水前的过滤器精度为 ΙΟΟ μ ηι, 滤芯及过滤器壳 体材质均为不锈钢； 因冲洗流量较大， 采用管道式或 Τ型过滤器。
泵与冷却塔之间、 冷却塔与过滤器之间、 清水箱与泵之间全部采用不锈钢金 软管制作， 这样既保证了管道不会污染水质， 又使得管道便于安装及移动。 冲洗合格标准为： 目测管内洁净、 无氧化皮； 过滤器上无可见杂质。 纯水漂 洗： 使用去离子水漂洗盘管， 漂洗流量不低于冷却塔额定流量的 0.2倍； 去离 子水的电导率不高于 0.5 u s/cm; 漂洗方向为从下向上冲洗， 以方便将盘管冲 洗彻底， 漂洗时间为 20~40min。 向冷却塔中充氮密封， 氮气纯度为 99.9%。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔， 包括冷却盘管， 其特征在于： 冷 却盘管采用一体弯制而成， 冷却盘管材质为不锈钢。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔， 其特征在于： 所述的不锈钢的钢板为 304/304L/316/316L。
3、 一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法， 其特征在于： 包括冷 却盘管的制作工艺， 具体为： 先清洗制盘管的钢板； 将钢板卷制成钢管， 使 用高频悍接方式焊接管缝； 清理焊接时焊缝上的焊渣； 使用折弯机将钢管连 续弯； 对每根不锈钢盘管进行耐压测试； 用氩弧焊将耐压测试合格后的盘管 与冷却水进出总管连接。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法， π特征在于： 清洗钢板的步骤具体为： 在常温下使用酸洗液刷洗不锈钢表面。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法， 其 特征在于： 所述的酸洗液由以下体积分数的成分制成： 硝酸为 20— 30%， 其 余为水。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的制造方法， 其 特征在于： 焊接管缝的合格标准为焊缝处光滑， 无明显凹凸， 无可见黑色焊 渣、 焊瘤。
7、 一种直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法， 其特征在于： 包括以 下步骤： 先将冷却盘管用自来水冲洗 5~10min; 然后再用酸液清洗，冲洗时间 60~90min, 同时在酸洗液入口加挂与冷却盘管相同材质的挂片， 以观察酸洗 效果； 使用钝化液处理冷却盘管悍缝。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法， 其 特征在于： 所述的钝化液由以下体积分数的成分组成为： 硝酸 3— 6份、水 94 一 97份， 重铬酸钾. Olg/ ( 100ml水）， 钝化处理时间为 lh。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法， 其 特征在于： 酸洗的合格标准为挂片表面光亮
10、 根据权利要求 7所述的直流输电用密闭蒸发式冷却塔的清洗方法， 其特征在于： 纯化液处理冷却盘管焊缝的处理方法是： 将钝化液在悍缝表面 揩 -遍， 然后用冷水冲， 再用布仔细擦洗， 最后用热水冲洗干净， 并将其吹 干； 用压缩空气将盘管内残留液体排空。
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