WO2013094327A1 - 自由鍛造方法及び鍛造装置 - Google Patents

自由鍛造方法及び鍛造装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013094327A1
WO2013094327A1 PCT/JP2012/078800 JP2012078800W WO2013094327A1 WO 2013094327 A1 WO2013094327 A1 WO 2013094327A1 JP 2012078800 W JP2012078800 W JP 2012078800W WO 2013094327 A1 WO2013094327 A1 WO 2013094327A1
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region
negative
positive
molds
pair
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PCT/JP2012/078800
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
高大 牧山
寺前　俊哉
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株式会社日立製作所
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Priority to CN201280062365.6A priority Critical patent/CN103998156B/zh
Publication of WO2013094327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013094327A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a forging technique, and more particularly to a free forging method for performing a process of imparting a twist to a material.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-10408 (Patent Document 1) as a prior art example related to the free forging method.
  • Patent Document 1 “in a method of forming a long product having a cross-sectional shape that changes in the longitudinal direction and the cross-sectional shape is asymmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions and is twisted as a whole by forging, Using opposing molds (55,56) with mold shapes corresponding to the sections, forging is performed for each section continuously in the longitudinal direction, and both ends of the long product material (11) are restrained in the longitudinal direction.
  • the forging direction is the y-axis direction
  • the x-axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the y-axis direction are the z-axis direction
  • one end side is constrained in the z-axis direction around the y-axis direction and the other end side is y
  • a method for forging and forming a long section with a variable cross section characterized in that it is constrained in the axial direction z-axis direction, and the restraint around the x-axis on one end side is performed in advance by giving a twist angle with respect to the one end side in the section for forging.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a method of forming a long product having twisting as a whole by forging, particularly a method of constraining (gripping) both ends of a material to impart twisting.
  • the main objects of the present invention are related to a free forging method for performing a process of imparting torsion to a material. (1) It is possible to relax constraints on both ends of the material and to require a large rigidity in the gripping portion of the material. (2) To provide a flexible free forging method that can alleviate restrictions on the twistable shape that can be processed, and that can create more detailed and complex twisted shapes.
  • a typical embodiment of the present invention is a forging method (free forging method) for performing a process of imparting torsion to a material, and is characterized by having the following configuration.
  • This forging method is a pair of dies (first and second dies) targeting an arbitrary portion (section unit) in the longitudinal direction of a material having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape such as a rod shape or a plate shape (working portion).
  • This is a free forging method in which a to-be-processed portion is imparted with a twist by sandwiching the to-be-processed portion and using pressure (pressing) to form.
  • the longitudinal direction of the material is the x-axis direction
  • the pressing direction of the pair of molds is the z-axis direction
  • the direction orthogonal to x and z is the y-axis direction.
  • the region of the workpiece to be pressed by the pair of molds in the longitudinal direction (x) of the material is divided into four by the zx plane and the yz plane, where x is positive and y is positive (the first in the xy plane).
  • (1 quadrant) is a region A, a region where x is negative and y is positive (second quadrant) is a region B, a region where x is negative and y is negative (third quadrant) is a region C, and x is A region (fourth quadrant) in which y is negative and negative is a region D.
  • One diagonal areas A and C are combined as a first area, and the other diagonal areas B and D are combined as a second area.
  • a pair of dies (first and second dies) sandwich the workpiece portion in the longitudinal direction (x ) are arranged at angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ : 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ 90 degrees, 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ 90 degrees), and the first and second molds are arranged at angles ( ⁇ : 0 degree ⁇ It is assumed that ⁇ ⁇ 180 degrees).
  • the angle between the longitudinal direction (x) of the material and the longitudinal direction of the first mold is ⁇
  • the angle between the longitudinal direction (x) of the material and the longitudinal direction of the second mold is ⁇
  • a force is applied by pushing the first die in the z negative direction against the workpiece, and a force is applied by pushing the second die in the z positive direction.
  • the first region (A, C) of the workpiece is deformed by pressing (pressing) the region A and C in the same direction (for example, z positive direction) in the z-axis direction (simultaneously).
  • the second region is deformed by pressing (pressing) the regions B and D in the same z-axis direction (for example, the z negative direction).
  • the force applied to the first region (A, C) and the force applied to the second region (B, D) are the same. Thereby, the torsion around the x axis is given to the workpiece (section unit).
  • the present forging device has a drive device that controls movement in at least the z direction of the pair of dies. Furthermore, the drive device controls the rotation around the z-axis in the pair of molds. For example, the manipulator of the forging device grips one end portion (gripped portion) of the material with the grasping portion, moves the material at least in the x direction, and controls the positioning of the processed portion with respect to the position of the pair of dies.
  • the forging device drives the pair of dies in the above-described positioning state, for example, moves the first die in the z negative direction and moves the second die in the z positive direction and pushes it into the workpiece.
  • the forging device moves the material in the x direction by a manipulator, positions the next workpiece portion in the material processing target range with respect to the position of the pair of dies, and similarly, By driving in the z direction, torsion is applied to the next workpiece. By repeating the same, it is possible to process the material within a predetermined range (giving torsion).
  • a free forging method for performing a process of imparting torsion to a material (1) it is possible to relax restrictions on both ends of the material and to require a large rigidity in the gripping portion of the material. (2) It is possible to provide a flexible free forging method that can alleviate restrictions on the torsional shape that can be processed, and that can create more detailed and complex twisted shapes.
  • (A)-(c) is explanatory drawing shown about the common concept (principle) in each embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the area
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which provides a twist to a raw material (processed part) by one process in the forge method of Embodiment 1 of this invention. In Embodiment 1, it is explanatory drawing shown about the angle of arrangement
  • (A), (b) is explanatory drawing which shows the example of the influence which a processing factor exerts in Embodiment 1.
  • Embodiment 1 it is explanatory drawing shown about a process position, a pitch, etc.
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which provides a twist to a raw material (processed part) by one process in the forge method of Embodiment 2 of this invention.
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which provides a twist to a raw material (processed part) by one process in the forging method of Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the area
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which provides a twist to a raw material (processed part) by one process in the forging method of Embodiment 4 of this invention.
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which provides a twist to a raw material (processed part) by one process in the forging method of Embodiment 5 of this invention.
  • (A)-(c) is a figure which shows the example which shape
  • the longitudinal direction of the material 1 is the x-axis direction
  • the pressurizing direction of the pair of molds 2 (the vertical direction in which pressurization can be controlled) is the z-axis direction
  • the x-axis direction and the z-axis direction are The direction that is orthogonal is the y-axis direction.
  • FIG. 1A conceptually shows the positional relationship between the pair of molds 2 (2a, 2b) and the workpiece 3 of the material 1 pressed by the pair of molds 2.
  • the pair of molds 2 are not shown in order to show the processed part 3 in an easy-to-understand manner.
  • the material 1 is a metal material 1 having a longitudinal shape such as a rod shape or a plate shape.
  • the material 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped having a square cross section.
  • the molds 2 (2a, 2b) are a pair of molds that are pressed and pressed (pressed) with a part of the material 1 (processed part 3) sandwiched therebetween. It has a first mold 2a on the upper side (z-axis positive side) and a second mold 2b on the lower side (z-axis negative side).
  • the mold 2 (2a, 2b) is a rectangular parallelepiped, and is arranged so that the longitudinal direction (y) of the mold 2 and the longitudinal direction (x) of the material 1 are orthogonal to each other. A state in which the workpiece 3 is sandwiched between the pair of molds 2 is shown.
  • the processed part 3 is a division unit in the longitudinal direction (x) of the material 1, and is a target part for one forging (processing), that is, a target part to be twisted.
  • FIG. 1B shows the concept of dividing the region (in this case, a cube) of the workpiece 3 of the material 1 into four parts.
  • FIG. 2 shows four regions A to D of the part 3 to be processed corresponding to FIG.
  • the region of the workpiece 3 is divided into four by the zx plane and the yz plane, and the region (first quadrant) where x is positive and y is positive is A, x is negative, and y is positive.
  • the region (second quadrant) is B
  • the region (third quadrant) where x is negative and y is negative is C
  • the region (fourth quadrant) where x is positive and y is negative is D.
  • the areas A and C are combined as a first area
  • the areas B and D are combined as a second area.
  • one diagonal first region (A and D) in the regions A to D of the processed portion 3 of the material 1 as shown by the arrows in FIG. C) is pressed and deformed in the z-axis positive direction
  • the other diagonal second region (B and D) is defined as the direction of pressing (deformation) of the first region (A, C). It is deformed by pressing in the negative z-axis direction, which is the reverse direction.
  • the forces on the regions A and C are the same
  • the forces on the regions B and D are the same
  • the forces on the regions A and C and the regions B and D are the same.
  • the torsion around the x-axis is applied to the workpiece 3 of the material 1.
  • the first region (A, C) side rises in the z positive direction
  • the second region (B, D) side falls in the z negative direction, and is generally bowl-shaped.
  • 9 (91, 92) is a region (non-processed part) other than the processed part 3 of the material 1 in one processing, and the non-processed part 9 is not twisted.
  • the first region (A, D) and the first non-machined portion 91 side are the x-axis when viewed from the center of the workpiece 3.
  • the second region (B, D) and the second non-processed portion 92 side are images that rotate counterclockwise about the x axis.
  • the first non-processed portion 91 side is gripped and used as a reference
  • the second non-processed portion 92 side is twisted clockwise in the negative x-axis direction.
  • the first non-processed portion 91 side is twisted clockwise in the positive x-axis direction.
  • a pair of molds 2 are used to apply a force in the negative z-axis direction to the first region (A, C) and to the second region (B, D) in the positive z-axis direction.
  • a force in the direction is applied and deformed, a torsion in the opposite direction (entirely in the left direction of the x axis) can be imparted to the workpiece 3.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example in which torsion is imparted to the material 1 (processed part 31) using a pair of dies 21 (21a, 21b) in one process in the forging method of the first embodiment.
  • One (upper side) of the pair of molds 2 is a first mold 21a, and the other (lower side) is 21b.
  • FIG. 3 (a) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the material 1 (processed part 31) and the mold 21 (21a, 21b).
  • the to-be-processed part 31 shows a schematic area
  • FIG. 3B is an xy plan view of FIG. 3A viewed from the z-axis positive side.
  • FIG.3 (c) is explanatory drawing of the state which remove
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the arrangement angle of the material 1 and the mold 21 corresponding to FIG.
  • the plane expressed by the longitudinal axis vector and the z-axis vector of the first mold 21a is P, and the longitudinal axis vector and the z-axis of the second mold 21b.
  • Q be the plane represented by the direction vector.
  • the first region (A, C) of the processed portion 31 is covered with the first die 21a more than the second die 21b, and the second region (B, D) is a state of being covered more by the second mold 21b than by the first mold 21a.
  • FIG. 3C shows regions A ′, B ′, C ′, and D ′ corresponding to the quadrant regions A to D in FIG. 2 according to the angle formed by the die 21 in the workpiece 31. Yes.
  • the first region (A ′, C ′) receives a large amount of force in the z negative direction by the first mold 21a, and the second region.
  • (B ′, D ′) receives a large force in the positive z direction by the second mold 21b.
  • M indicates the machining position in the x-axis direction when machining the workpiece 31 with the material 1 in one machining.
  • a round dot indicates the center point of the die 21 and the workpiece 31.
  • the angle ⁇ is the smaller angle formed by the plane P (on the mold 21a side) with the x axis.
  • the angle ⁇ is a smaller angle formed by the plane Q (on the mold 21b side) with the x axis.
  • the angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the planes P and Q.
  • the condition (range) of the angle formed by the mold 21 is to shift the planes P and Q from the x-axis (0 degree) and the y-axis (90 degrees), and to shift the planes P and Q.
  • the smaller angle ⁇ formed by the plane P and the x axis is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 90 degrees (0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °).
  • the smaller angle ⁇ formed by the plane Q and the x axis is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 90 degrees (0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 90 °).
  • An angle ⁇ formed by the planes P and Q is larger than 0 degree and smaller than 180 degrees (0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 180 °).
  • the mold 21 (21a, 21b) is sandwiched in the z-axis positive / negative direction with respect to the workpiece 31 of the material 1 as shown in FIG. Push in like so.
  • the first region (A ′, C ′) is deformed by pressing in the same z-axis direction (z negative direction) and the second region (B ′, D ′).
  • ⁇ is set to be in a range of 30 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 150 °.
  • processing can be performed even in a setting example in which ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . In this case, bending in the xy plane or the zx plane occurs with torsion.
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the influence of processing factors in the forging method of the first embodiment. These are the results obtained by finite element simulation.
  • FIG. 5A shows the pressing amount 401 (pressing force in the z-axis direction) of the mold 21 (21a, 21b) and the twist in the state where the conditions of the angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) in FIG. 4 are satisfied.
  • a relationship 403 with the amount 402 (the amount of twist applied to the workpiece 31) is shown. As the push amount 401 increases, the twist amount 402 increases.
  • FIG. 5B shows the relative position of the mold 21 (21a, 21b) and the material 1 in the x-axis direction (processing position M) in a state where the conditions of the angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) in FIG. 4 are satisfied.
  • the relationship 406 of the twist amount 405 per one press of the mold 21 (21a, 21b) when moved at a certain pitch 404 (K) is shown.
  • the relative position in the x-axis direction and the pitch 404 correspond to the machining position M and the pitch K shown in FIG.
  • the pitch 404 (K) is increased, the torsion amount 405 per indentation of the die 21 is increased and becomes constant after the peak.
  • FIG. 6 shows the machining position M and the pitch K described above.
  • each machining position M ⁇ M1, M2,... ⁇ And pitch K ⁇ K1, K2,.
  • the feed direction 1 and the gripped portion 8 of the material 1 are shown in the xz plane.
  • the mold 21 (21a, 21b) shows a state of being sandwiched from above and below, for example, at positions M1, M3.
  • the first machining position M1 is performed for the first time
  • the second machining position M2 moved by a pitch K1 from M1 is performed for the second time.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 6, as an application in the forging method according to the first embodiment, in which an example in which a plurality of times of processing are sequentially (continuously) performed on the material 1 using the die 21. Is shown. As shown in FIG. 3, not only one processing (giving torsion) to one processed portion 31 of the material 1 but also a plurality of times over a predetermined range while changing the processing position M in the longitudinal direction (x) of the material 1. It is a method of repeating the processing in the same way.
  • one end in the longitudinal direction of the material 1 is held as a gripped portion 8 and lightly gripped by a tool held by a person or a gripping portion (described later) of a forging device (equipment).
  • the material 1 is adjusted (positioned) to each processing position M by sending (moving) the material 1 in the x-axis direction at a pitch K for each processing.
  • the pitch K may be constant or variable depending on the processing content.
  • a detailed and complicated torsional shape can be imparted without requiring the rigidity of gripping the material 1.
  • a twist can be applied by a simple tool or forging device corresponding to the shape of the mold 21 of FIG.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example in which torsion is imparted to the material 1 (processed portion 32) using a pair of dies 22 (22a, 22b) in one process in the forging method of the second embodiment.
  • the shape of the mold 2 is devised rather than the angle of the mold 2.
  • FIG. 8A is a perspective view showing the positional relationship between the material 1 (processed portion 32) and the mold 22 (22a, 22b).
  • FIG. 8B is an xz plan view of the state of FIG. 8A (a state in which the workpiece 32 is sandwiched between the molds 22) as viewed from the y-axis negative side.
  • FIG. 8C is a perspective view showing the shape of the lower second mold 22b.
  • the upper first mold 22a also has the same shape and state as the second mold 22b when rotated around the x axis.
  • the upper and lower molds 22a and 22b in the pair of molds 22 (22a and 22b) are made of a material 1 (processed portion 32) as shown in FIG. 8C, for example.
  • the side opposite to is a bowl shape.
  • the mold 22 is basically arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (x) of the material 1.
  • the length of the side in the z direction is larger than the length (Z1) of the side corresponding to the first regions A and C (surfaces a and c).
  • the side length (Z2) corresponding to D (surfaces b and d) is larger (Z1 ⁇ Z2).
  • the pair of molds 22 (22a, 22b) is pushed into the workpiece 32 of the material 1 in the z-axis direction. Accordingly, as described above, the first regions A and C are deformed in the same z-axis direction (for example, the z negative direction), and the second regions (B and D) are deformed in the reverse direction of the z axis (for example, the z positive direction).
  • Direction that is, torsion about the x-axis (similar to FIG. 1C) can be applied to the workpiece 32.
  • the same processing effect as in the first embodiment can also be obtained by the forging method in the second embodiment.
  • the surface shape in the longitudinal direction (x) in the processing of the material 1 can be made smooth.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example in which torsion is imparted to the material 13 (processed portion 33) using a pair of dies 23 (23a, 23b) in one process in the forging method of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 9A shows the shape of the material 13 before being pressed by the pair of molds 23 (23a, 23b) in the case of having one workpiece 33 to be processed once.
  • the workpiece 33 of the material 13 is pressurized using a pair of molds 23 (23a, 23b) having the same shape as the pair of molds 2 (2a, 2b) in FIG. To give a twist.
  • the mold 23 is illustrated in a shifted manner in order to show the processed portion 33 in an easy-to-understand manner.
  • the part 33 to be processed which is pressed by the mold 23 has an uneven shape such as a and b.
  • FIG. 10 shows a concept in which the region (here, a cube) of the workpiece 33 of the material 13 is divided into eight parts.
  • the E to L areas of the part 33 to be processed are shown.
  • the region of the processed portion 33 is divided into eight parts by an xy plane, a yz plane, and a zx plane.
  • E is a region where x is negative, y is positive, and z is positive
  • F is a region where x is negative, y is negative, and z is positive
  • G is the region where x is positive, y is negative and z is positive
  • H is the region where x is positive, y is positive and z is negative
  • I is the region where x is negative, y is positive and z is
  • a negative region is J, a region where x is negative, y is negative, and z is negative is K, and a region where x is positive, y is negative, and z is negative is L.
  • Regions E, G, J, and L are defined as first regions
  • regions F, H, I, and K are defined as second regions. Note that the region I is not visible due to the influence of the illustrated angle.
  • the processed portion 33 has a first region (E, G, J, L) that is more concave than the second region (F, H, I, K) (length in the z direction). Is short). a represents one of the concave portions, and b represents one of the convex portions.
  • region (A, C) is concave in az direction, and 2nd area
  • the processed portion 33 of the material 13 having such a shape is pressed (pressed) by being sandwiched by a pair of molds 23 as in FIG. Then, for example, due to the unevenness, a force acts strongly in the negative z direction by the first mold 23a for the regions F and H (relatively convex portions), and the regions I and K (relatively convex portions). In contrast, the second die 23b exerts a strong force in the z positive direction. That is, the same action as in FIG.
  • torsion about the x-axis (similar to FIG. 1C) can be applied to the processed portion 33 of the material 13.
  • the material 13 is used in which the first region (E, G, J, L) is more convex than the second region (F, H, I, K) in the processed portion 33 of the material 13.
  • the first region (E, G, J, L) is more convex than the second region (F, H, I, K) in the processed portion 33 of the material 13.
  • FIG.9 (c) shows the example of the shape of the raw material 13B used when providing a twist continuously over the longitudinal direction (x) of the raw material 13 by a process of multiple times.
  • the recesses (a) and the protrusions (b) are alternately arranged over the range of the material 13B to be processed.
  • the formation of the uneven shape of the materials 13 and 13B is possible by various means. For example, it can be performed in advance by full press work.
  • the concave portion (a) and the convex portion (b) may be curved surfaces or the like, instead of the rectangular shape shown in the figure.
  • the same processing effect as in the first embodiment can also be obtained by the forging method in the third embodiment.
  • the processing side can effectively use, for example, conventional equipment (forging device, etc.) as it is, by devising the material 1 side.
  • Embodiment 4 Next, the forging method of Embodiment 4 of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.
  • the torsion is applied by changing the deformation resistance by controlling the temperature of the workpiece 3 (34) by the mold 2 (24).
  • the deformation of the first region (E, G, J, L) in the x-axis direction is performed. Is larger than the deformation of the second region (F, H, I, K) in the x-axis direction (or conversely, the deformation of the first region in the x-axis direction is larger than the deformation of the second region in the x-axis direction.
  • the temperature of the workpiece 34 is controlled by the mold 24 so as to bring about the action (condition) of
  • FIG. 11 shows an example in which torsion is imparted to the workpiece 34 of the material 1 by a pair of dies 24 (24a, 24b) in the forging method of the fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 11A shows the positional relationship between the pair of molds 24 (24a, 24b) and the workpiece 34 during one machining.
  • the corresponding regions in the pair of molds 24 (24a, 24b) corresponding to the eight divided regions E to L of FIG. Yes.
  • the lower side surfaces of the regions e, f, g, and h in the first mold 24a approach or contact the regions E, F, G, and H of the processed portion 34, respectively, during processing.
  • the upper side surfaces of the regions i, j, k, and l in the second mold 24b approach or touch the regions I, J, K, and L, respectively, during processing.
  • a heating mechanism for example, a burner, a laser, or the like
  • a cooling mechanism may be mounted.
  • the first region (E, G, J, L) and the second region (F, H, I, K) are obtained.
  • the temperature of the first region is set to be higher than the temperature of the second region, and the deformation resistance of the first region (E, G, J, L) is set to that of the second region (F, H, I, K).
  • the deformation resistance is made smaller and the deformation in the x-axis direction of each of the regions E, G, J, and L in the first region is increased, that is, the deformation in the x-axis direction of the first region is made in the second region. Larger than the deformation in the x-axis direction. As a result, the torsion about the x axis can be imparted to the workpiece 34 due to the difference in deformation in the x axis direction between the first region and the second region.
  • FIG. 11C schematically shows a state after the processing of the processed portion 34 of the material 1 by the temperature control processing.
  • the processed portion 34 has a generally bowl shape (one diagonal is concave in the z direction and the other diagonal is convex in the z direction).
  • torsion can be applied by a simple tool or forging device corresponding to the shape of the die 21. it can.
  • the forging method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the torsion is imparted by changing the frictional resistance of the surface where the workpiece 35 and the mold 25 are in contact with each other.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example in which torsion is imparted to the material 1 (processed portion 35) using a pair of dies 25 (25a, 25b) in one process in the forging method of the fifth embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 (a) shows an arrangement relationship between the pair of molds 25 (25a, 25b) and the part to be processed 35 at one time of processing.
  • 12B and 12C show only the mold 25.
  • FIG. FIG. 12B shows, in particular, the symbols i, j, k, and l corresponding to the surfaces I, J, K, and L of FIG. .
  • FIG. 12C shows a state in which FIG. 12B is rotated by 180 degrees around the x axis, and in particular, the regions E, F, and FIG.
  • the surfaces in contact with G and H are indicated by corresponding symbols e, f, g, and h.
  • the region (surface) e of the mold 25 is a region (surface) that pressurizes the region E of the workpiece 35.
  • the regions (surfaces) e, g, j, and l of the mold 25 are regions (surfaces) that pressurize the first region (E, G, J, and L) of the workpiece 15.
  • mold 25 becomes an area
  • Embodiment 6 Next, the forging method of Embodiment 6 of this invention is demonstrated using FIG.
  • a forging method according to the sixth embodiment an example of a forging method in which a cross-sectional shape is formed on the material 1 and a twist is applied will be described.
  • the sixth embodiment has, for example, the configuration of the mold 2 for forming a cross-sectional shape on the material 1 while being based on the configuration of the first embodiment (configuration in which the mold 2 is arranged at an angle).
  • FIG. 13 (a) shows an example of a state in which the material 1 (a part to be processed in a desired range) is processed by a plurality of times using a pair of molds 26 (26a, 26b). Also, the upper and lower molds 26 (26a, 26b) have different shapes, the first mold 26a has a convex lower surface, and the second mold 26b has a concave upper surface.
  • FIG. 13 (b) is an xy plan view of the mold 26 (26a, 26b) viewed from the z-axis positive side. Similar to the first embodiment (FIG. 3), the pair of molds 26 are arranged at an angle.
  • FIG. 13C is a yz plan view of the mold 26 (26a, 26b) viewed from the x-axis negative side.
  • the lower surface of the first mold 26a is a curved surface having a convex (elliptical) shape in the negative z-axis direction.
  • the upper surface of the second mold 26a is a curved surface having a concave (elliptical) shape in the negative z-axis direction.
  • the curved surface (concave) of the second mold 26a is deeper than the curved surface of the first mold 26a.
  • the upper convex mold 26a and the lower concave mold 26b are in a state that satisfies the conditions such as the angle as described above (FIG. 4), and the processed portion 36 of the material 1 (desired Push into machining position M).
  • the cross-sectional shape of the material 1 at the processing position M can be formed and twisted.
  • This molding of the cross-sectional shape (and imparting torsion) is in accordance with the shape of the mold 26. Therefore, for example, by preparing several types of molds 26 and using them properly, it is possible to form a more detailed and complicated cross-sectional shape (and torsion) according to the desired processing content.
  • a desired shape can be formed by changing the arrangement angle of the die 26, changing the pressing force of the die 26, or adjusting the feed pitch K in accordance with the desired processing content.
  • a system configuration for automating the forging (processing) procedure by creating data (such as numerical control data of the processing apparatus) for controlling the processing factors of the forging method as described above in accordance with product design data may be adopted.
  • the effect of imparting torsion can be obtained as in the first embodiment, and a desired cross-sectional shape can be formed.
  • the bar-shaped material 1 having a square cross-sectional shape has been described as an example.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the material 1 is not limited to this, and is an arbitrary closed curve including an ellipse. It may also be an arbitrary closed shape such as a rectangle or a polygon.
  • a forging device having a mounting configuration corresponding to the forging method according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 a configuration example corresponding to the forging method of the first embodiment (FIG. 3 and the like) is shown.
  • a part of the die such as the mold 2 and its drive control mechanism
  • it can be configured in a similar manner.
  • the forging device has a configuration including a frame 50, a manipulator 51, a gripping portion 52 (clamp arm or the like), a driving device 53, a table 54, and a die 21 (similar to FIG. 3).
  • the frame 50 is a housing that houses each part including the driving device 53 and the table 54.
  • the manipulator 51 is operated by holding the material 1 with the holding part 52.
  • the main body of the manipulator 51 is not shown, but can be configured by a known technique.
  • the manipulator 51 is movable at least in the x direction (front and back) corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the material 1. In this configuration, it can move in the x direction, the y direction (left and right), and the z direction (up and down), and can also rotate around the x axis. That is, by the manipulator 51 (control thereof), the material 1 can be moved to an arbitrary position and held in an arbitrary posture, and the position (processing position M) of the processed portion 3 with respect to the die 21 can be adjusted.
  • the grip part 52 grips an arbitrary position of the material 1. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, one end (the gripped portion 8) of the material 1 is gripped. Then, the manipulator 51 can move and position the material 1 as appropriate in the x direction, for example. The gripping part 52 can rotate around the x axis, for example. In this configuration example, in particular, a configuration example is shown in which only one side (one end portion in the longitudinal direction) of the material 1 is gripped for positioning, and the rigidity (grip force) of the grip portion 52 does not have to be high.
  • the table 21 (21a, 21b) is attached and held on the table 54 (54a, 54b).
  • the mold 2 can be attached to and detached from the table 54.
  • the driving device 53 drives the mold 21 (21a, 21b) held by the table 54 (54a, 54b) through driving of the table 54 (54a, 54b).
  • the driving device 53 controls at least the movement of the table 54 and the mold 21 in the z direction and the pressing force (pushing amount) of the material 1 against the workpiece 3.
  • the angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) formed by the mold 21 of the first embodiment can be variably set.
  • the driving device 53 freely controls the rotation of the table 54 (54a, 54b) about the z-axis, thereby controlling the arrangement of the mold 21 (21a, 21b) to obtain desired angles ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ). ) Can be set.
  • the drive control of the lower table 54b and the mold 21b by the drive device 53 is not essential, and it can be configured to be integrated only in the drive control of the upper table 54a and the mold 21a (the lower side is fixed and the relative control is performed). To control the upper side.
  • the driving device 53 may be controlled by a higher-level control device (for example, a device that generates numerical control data according to the above-described design data and gives it to the driving device 53).
  • the material 1 is processed a plurality of times at an arbitrary processing position.
  • a configuration including a manipulator 51 and the like is shown.
  • each processing procedure of this work content can basically omit human actions by automation (such as numerical control according to product design data), each procedure may be realized by human actions.
  • the grip part 52 of the manipulator 51 is made to grip one end (the gripped part 8) of the material 1 (metal bar shape).
  • the manipulator 51 is moved and adjusted (positioning) so that the processed part (section unit) 3 of the gripped material 1 is at a desired processing position M with respect to the position of the mold 21 (21a, 21b).
  • the table 54 is driven by the driving device 53 so that the mold 21 (21a, 21b) is adjusted to a predetermined angle ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) corresponding to the machining content with respect to the workpiece 3. For example, the state shown in FIG.
  • the upper first die 21a is driven (moved) in the z positive direction by driving the table 54 in the z direction by the driving device 53, and the die 21 (21a, 21a, 21b) is returned to the original position (before pushing).
  • the manipulator 51 is moved at a predetermined pitch K in the x direction or the like so that the part to be processed (section unit) 3 at the next processing position M of the material 1 comes to the position of the mold 21 (21a, 21b) ( Material 1 is sent in the x direction).
  • the mold 21 (21a, 21b) has a predetermined angle ( ⁇ , ⁇ , Adjust to ⁇ ).
  • the configuration of the mold 2 may be a more complicated configuration based on the principle as shown in FIG.
  • the mold 2 (2a, 2b) is divided into two or four parts so that the divided parts can be driven independently, whereby each area in the z direction can be driven.
  • the pressurizing force applied to A to D may be variably controllable.
  • the first mold 2a is divided into two parts corresponding to the areas A and C
  • the second mold 2b is divided into two parts corresponding to the areas B and D.
  • the present invention can be used for manufacturing various products including, for example, a turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
PCT/JP2012/078800 2011-12-21 2012-11-07 自由鍛造方法及び鍛造装置 WO2013094327A1 (ja)

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JP2019038029A (ja) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-14 日立金属株式会社 熱間鍛造装置および熱間鍛造方法
CN116511396A (zh) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-01 河南科技大学 基于自由锻油压机的大型锻件智能制造系统

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CN112008025B (zh) * 2020-03-16 2021-07-13 吉林大学 一种大型弯刀板类锻件的自由锻成形工艺及模具

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JPS63123546A (ja) * 1986-11-12 1988-05-27 Hitachi Ltd 変断面長物の鍛造成形方法及び装置
JPS63252635A (ja) * 1987-04-10 1988-10-19 Hitachi Ltd タ−ビン羽根素材の成形方法及び装置
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JP2019038029A (ja) * 2017-08-29 2019-03-14 日立金属株式会社 熱間鍛造装置および熱間鍛造方法
CN116511396A (zh) * 2023-05-18 2023-08-01 河南科技大学 基于自由锻油压机的大型锻件智能制造系统

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CN103998156A (zh) 2014-08-20
JP5702710B2 (ja) 2015-04-15

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