WO2013086797A1 - 变刚度缓冲装置、起重臂防后倾装置和起重机 - Google Patents

变刚度缓冲装置、起重臂防后倾装置和起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013086797A1
WO2013086797A1 PCT/CN2012/071134 CN2012071134W WO2013086797A1 WO 2013086797 A1 WO2013086797 A1 WO 2013086797A1 CN 2012071134 W CN2012071134 W CN 2012071134W WO 2013086797 A1 WO2013086797 A1 WO 2013086797A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
buffer
cushioning
buffering
variable stiffness
cavity
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PCT/CN2012/071134
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘洋
李莹松
李宇力
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013086797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013086797A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • B66C23/92Snubbers or dashpots for preventing backwards swinging of jibs, e.g. in the event of cable or tackle breakage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a crane, and more particularly to a variable stiffness cushioning device, a boom anti-backlash device and a crane. Background technique
  • the contact type of the anti-rollback device and the boom it can be classified into a fully rigid contact type, a spring contact type or a hydraulic buffer type contact type.
  • the fully rigid contact anti-rollback device does not have a cushioning function, so it will generate a large impact force when the boom is tilted backwards and contacts the reclining device, which may cause danger to the buffer device and the boom;
  • Hydraulic buffer contact type The rear tilting device has a complicated structure and high cost;
  • the spring contact type anti-back tilting device adopts a constant stiffness buffer spring, and if a spring with a relatively high rigidity is used, the buffering force is large, and the lifting arm and the buffer device also have Certain influences, such as the use of a spring with less stiffness, the buffer distance is large, the effect is not good and the service life is not long.
  • Degree buffer device It is an object of the present invention to provide a rigid body that is simple in construction and provides good cushioning performance.
  • the present invention provides a variable stiffness buffering device, wherein the variable stiffness buffering device includes a buffer cylinder, a buffer rod and a plurality of buffering members, one end of the buffer cylinder is closed, and the other end is open, the buffer cylinder Included in the plurality of cavities that are sequentially connected, each of the cavities is provided with a buffering member, and the cavity in which the open end of the buffering cylinder is located is a first buffering cavity, and a buffering member disposed in the first buffering cavity a first buffer member, the cavity in which the closed end of the buffer cylinder is located is a first pre-pressure chamber, and the buffer member disposed in the first pre-pressure chamber is a first pre-pressure buffer member, the plurality of buffers In the cushioning member, at least the first pre-pressure buffering member is in a compressed state, and the buffer rod is inserted from the open end and connected to the first cushioning member.
  • the remaining cushioning members are disposed in a corresponding state in a compressed state, and the pre-pressure of the cushioning member is gradually increased from the open end to the closed end.
  • the cushioning member is a spring.
  • the inner diameter of the cavity increases and a step is formed at the junction between the cavities.
  • a partition plate is disposed in each cavity, and two sides of the partition plate are respectively connected to two adjacent buffer members, and the size and arrangement of the partition plate are The inner diameters of the cavities of the partition plates are matched such that the partition plates are slidable within the cavity by the cushioning members on both sides thereof.
  • both sides of the partition plate are provided with rigid convex shafts, and at least a part of the cushioning members in each cavity are sleeved outside the corresponding convex shafts.
  • the open end is provided with a stopper for stopping the first cushioning member.
  • the end of the bumper bar has a flange
  • the first cushioning member is coupled to an end face of the flange, the flange being capable of being stopped by the stopper.
  • the invention also provides a boom anti-backward tilting device, the device comprising a lifting arm, a lifting platform, a front strut, a rear strut and a buffering device, one end of the front strut and the rear strut Connected at one end, the other end of the front strut, the other end of the rear strut and the boom are respectively connected to the a lifting platform, the front strut is located between the rear strut and the lifting arm, and the buffering device is disposed between the front strut and the lifting arm, wherein the buffer device In the variable stiffness buffer device of the present invention, the buffer rod is connected to the lifting arm, and the closed end is connected to the front strut.
  • the boom anti-backward tilting device comprises a diagonal strut disposed under the variable stiffness buffering device, the two ends of the diagonal strut being respectively connected to the front strut and the buffer cylinder.
  • the present invention also provides a crane, wherein the crane includes the boom anti-rollback device of the present invention.
  • the movement of the buffer rod is first buffered by the first buffering member, and when the movement is continued, the buffering member for buffering is gradually increased, so that the movement of the buffer rod is gradually slowed down.
  • the variable stiffness buffering device of the present invention can increase the rigidity during the movement of the buffer rod, make the force of the relevant components more reasonable, and ensure a long service life.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view showing an embodiment of a variable stiffness buffering device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a structure of a partitioning plate and a protruding shaft of FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a view for explaining the relationship between the displacement of the buffer rod of the variable stiffness buffering device of Figure 1 and the damping force provided by the variable stiffness buffering device;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view showing another embodiment of the variable stiffness buffering device of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a view illustrating the relationship between the displacement of the buffer rod of the variable stiffness buffering device of FIG. 4 and the cushioning force provided by the variable stiffness buffering device
  • Figure Figure 6 is a view showing an embodiment of the boom anti-rollback device of the present invention
  • cushioning member 31 first cushioning member 32: first pre-pressure buffering member
  • orientation words such as “up, down, left, and right” as used herein generally refer to the upper, lower, left, and right as shown in the accompanying drawings; "inside and outside”. It refers to the inside and outside of the outline of each component itself.
  • variable stiffness buffering device wherein the variable stiffness buffering device 100 comprises a buffer cylinder 10, a buffer rod 20 and a plurality of buffer members 30, one end of which is closed and the other end is open
  • the buffer cylinder 10 includes a plurality of cavities that are sequentially connected, and each of the cavities is provided with a buffer member 30.
  • the cavity where the open end of the buffer cylinder 10 is located is a first buffer cavity 11 and is disposed at the chamber.
  • the buffer member 30 in the first buffer cavity 11 is a first buffer member 31,
  • the cavity in which the closed end of the buffer cylinder 10 is located is a first pre-pressure chamber 12, and the buffer member 30 disposed in the first pre-pressure chamber 12 is a first pre-pressure buffer member 32.
  • the cushioning member 30 at least the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 is in a compressed state, and the buffer rod 20 is inserted from the open end and connected to the first cushioning member 31.
  • the closed end of the buffer cylinder 10 can pass through a base fixed at the end of the buffer cylinder 10
  • the bumper bar 20 can be moved toward the closed end of the buffer cylinder 10 under the action of an external force. This movement is first buffered by the first cushioning member 31, and buffered by the other cushioning member 30 while continuing to move. Specifically, during the movement of the buffer rod 20, the first cushioning member 31 is first compressed, and the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 is not compressed, and the elastic force of the cushioning member 30 serving as a buffering function reaches the current pre-stress.
  • variable stiffness cushioning device of the present invention can increase the number of buffering members 30 for cushioning and the rigidity of the entire variable stiffness cushioning device during the movement of the buffer rod 20. The above process will be described in detail below.
  • the first buffer member 31 may be selectively disposed in the first buffer chamber 11 in a compressed state or a naturally elongated state, and other buffer members. 30 are all placed in the corresponding cavity in a compressed state. From the open end to the closed end, the pre-pressure of the cushioning member 30 is gradually increased.
  • the number of buffering members 30 for buffering increases one by one. In the limit state, all of the cushioning members 30 act as a buffer.
  • the cushioning member 30 may be a member made of various suitable types of cushioning materials, for example, the cushioning member 30 may be a spring or a rubber. In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the cushioning member 30 is a spring.
  • the inner diameter of the cavity is increased and a step 14 is formed at the junction between the cavities.
  • the cushioning member 30 in the corresponding cavity can be restrained by the step portion 14 to apply pressure to the corresponding cushioning member 30, thereby enabling the corresponding cushioning member 30 to provide a pre-pressure.
  • a partition plate 40 may be disposed in each cavity, and two sides of the partition plate 40 are respectively connected to adjacent ones.
  • the two cushioning members 30 have a size matching the inner diameter of the cavity in which the partitioning plate 40 is disposed, so that the partitioning plate 40 can slide in the cavity.
  • the partition plate 40 can be stopped by the step portion 14, so that the buffer member 30 in each cavity can be restricted by the partition plate 40 to apply pressure to the corresponding buffer member 30, so that the corresponding buffer member 30 can be provided. Pre-stress.
  • the two sides of the partitioning plate 40 may be provided with rigid protruding shafts 41, and at least a portion of the cushioning members 30 in each of the cavities may be sleeved outside the corresponding protruding shafts 41.
  • the male shaft 41 can be used to maintain the cushion member 30 in the same direction of extension during compression. In addition, when the longer male shaft 41 is used, it can play an additional role.
  • both ends of the protruding shaft 41 sleeved with the cushioning member 30 can respectively contact the adjacent convex shaft 41 or the closed end of the buffer cylinder 10, thereby being coupled with the cushioning member 30.
  • - Form a rigid part. It will be understood that when all of the cushioning members 30 are compressed until the compression cannot be continued, or when all of the cushioning members 30 are compressed such that both ends of all the male shafts 41 are closed with the adjacent male shafts 41 or the buffer cylinders 10 At the end contact, the entire variable stiffness cushioning device is formed as a rigid member.
  • variable stiffness cushioning device is formed into a state of a rigid member, preferably only in the following cases: only when the special case, for example, the boom 200 below is subjected to a large external force, the cushioning action of the stiffness damping device 100 is reversed.
  • the inner tube of the variable stiffness buffer device 100 is tilted over after the boom 200 is tilted or continues to tilt backward.
  • it acts as a protection to transform the variable stiffness buffer into a rigid whole to prevent the boom 200 from continuing to lean backward.
  • the open end may be provided with a stop for the first The stopper member 11a of the cushioning member 31 stops the first cushioning member 31, thereby preventing the first cushioning member 31 from leaving the first buffering chamber 11 when the entire device is restored.
  • the end of the buffer rod 20 may have a flange 21, the first cushioning member 31 is connected to the end surface of the flange 21, and the flange 21 can be stopped by the stopper 11a .
  • the flange 21 can be stopped by the stopper 11a and the first cushioning member 31 can be stopped by the flange 21.
  • variable stiffness buffering device of the present invention will now be described with respect to two specific embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 4.
  • the cushioning member 30 is a spring.
  • the variable stiffness cushioning device includes two cushioning members 30; in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, the variable stiffness cushioning device includes three cushioning members 30.
  • variable stiffness cushioning device comprises two chambers, a first buffer chamber 11 and a first pre-pressure chamber 12.
  • the variable stiffness buffering device comprises two buffering members 30, which are respectively a first buffering member 31 (elastic coefficient K1) disposed in the first buffering cavity 11 and a first one disposed in the first pre-pressure chamber 12 Pre-pressure buffer 32 (elastic coefficient K2).
  • the first pre-pressure buffer member 32 When not subjected to an external force, the first pre-pressure buffer member 32 is in a compressed state and generates a pre-tightening force F1, and the first cushioning member 31 is in a naturally elongated state.
  • the buffer rod 20 When the buffer rod 20 is moved by an external force, first only the first cushioning member 31 acts as a buffer, that is, the buffer rod 20 compresses only the first cushioning member 31 and is buffered by the first cushioning member 31, and the rigidity of the stiffness damping device is changed (ie, The spring constant of the cushioning member is the stiffness K1 of the first cushioning member 31.
  • the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 When the buffer rod 20 continues to move due to an external force, so that the pressing force (ie, the elastic force) of the first cushioning member 31 is equal to the pre-tightening force F1 of the first pre-pressure buffering member 32, the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 also starts.
  • the buffering action is in series with the first buffer member 31.
  • the stiffness of the variable stiffness buffering device is the stiffness of the series spring formed by the first cushioning member 31 and the first pre-pressure buffering member 32, wherein, in the embodiment, the displacement of the buffer rod
  • variable stiffness buffer device 100 of the present embodiment It is a variable stiffness buffer for two-stage stiffness.
  • variable stiffness cushioning device comprises three chambers, namely a first buffer chamber 11, a first pre-pressure chamber 12 and a second pre-pressure chamber 13.
  • the variable stiffness buffering device includes three buffering members 30, which are respectively disposed in the first buffering member 31 of the first buffering cavity 11 (the elastic modulus is K1), and the first one disposed in the first pre-pressure chamber 12
  • the pre-pressure buffer member 32 (elastic coefficient ⁇ 2) and the second pre-pressure buffer member 33 (elastic coefficient ⁇ 3) provided in the second pre-pressure chamber 13.
  • the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 and the second pre-pressure buffering member 33 are in a compressed state and respectively generate pre-tightening forces F1 and F2 (F1 is greater than F2), and the first cushioning member 31 is in a natural extension state.
  • F1 is greater than F2
  • the first cushioning member 31 is in a natural extension state.
  • the buffer rod 20 is moved by an external force, first, only the first cushioning member 31 acts as a buffer, that is, the buffer rod 20 compresses only the first cushioning member 31 and is buffered by the first cushioning member 31, and the rigidity of the variable stiffness buffering device is The stiffness K1 of a cushioning member 31.
  • the second pre-pressure buffering member 33 also starts to act as a buffer, and It is connected in series with the first buffer member 31.
  • the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 When the movement is continued and the pressing force of the first cushioning member 31 and the second pre-pressure buffering member 33 is equal to the pre-tightening force F1 of the first pre-pressure buffering member 32, the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 also starts to act as a buffer, and It is connected in series with the first cushioning member 31 and the second pre-pressure buffering member 33.
  • the rigidity of the variable stiffness buffering device is the stiffness of the series spring formed by the first cushioning member 31, the first pre-pressure buffering member 32 and the second pre-pressure buffering member 33, wherein
  • variable stiffness buffer device 100 of the present embodiment is a three-stage stiffness variable stiffness buffer device.
  • a buffer cylinder 10 can be rationally designed, for example. Structure and select an appropriate number of cushioning members 30 to form a more rigid stiffness variable stiffness cushioning device.
  • the buffer distance is a certain value. The larger the damping force F is, the more energy W is absorbed by the buffer device, but when the buffer force F is too large, it will adversely affect the boom, the buffer device, etc., so it is necessary to reduce as much as possible while absorbing enough energy. Small maximum cushioning force F.
  • variable stiffness buffering device of the present invention causes the cushioning force F to increase rapidly due to the change of the stiffness of the cushioning member, and then the increasing tendency is gradually slowed down, and the maximum cushioning force F can be minimized while absorbing the same amount of energy.
  • variable stiffness cushioning device 100 of the present invention can be used in a variety of suitable applications, such as by a bumper 20 to connect to a component that requires cushioning protection.
  • a boom anti-rollback device including a boom 200, a lifting platform 300, a front strut 400, a rear strut 500, and a cushioning device, the front One end of the strut 400 is connected to one end of the rear strut 500, and the other end of the front strut 400, the other end of the rear strut 500 and the lifting arm 200 are respectively connected to the lifting platform 300, the front strut 400 is located between the rear strut 500 and the lifting arm 200, and the buffering device is disposed between the front strut 400 and the lifting arm 200, wherein
  • the buffer device is the variable stiffness buffer device 100 of the present invention, the buffer rod 20 is coupled to the boom 200, and the closed end is coupled to the front strut 400.
  • the variable stiffness cushioning device 100 of the present invention can be used to provide the boom 200 with a structurally simple and safe variable stiffness cushioning protection to prevent the boom 200 from reclining.
  • the boom anti-rollback device may include The diagonal strut 600 below the cushioning device 100, the two ends of the diagonal strut 600 are respectively connected to the front strut 400 and the buffer cylinder 10, thereby assisting the support of the variable stiffness buffer device 100 by the diagonal strut 600 .
  • a crane is provided, wherein the crane includes the boom anti-rollback device of the present invention. Therefore, the crane of the present invention can provide the cushioning protection of the boom 200 with variable rigidity, and the structure is simple and safe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)

Abstract

一种变刚度缓冲装置(100),包括缓冲缸(10)、缓冲杆(20)和多个缓冲件(30),缓冲缸的一端封闭,另一端开放,缓冲缸包括依次连通的多个腔体,每个腔体中设置有一个缓冲件,缓冲缸的开放端所在的腔体为第一缓冲腔体(11),设置在第一缓冲腔体内的缓冲件为第一缓冲件(31),缓冲缸的封闭端所在的腔体为第一预压力腔体(12),设置在第一预压力腔体内的缓冲件为第一预压力缓冲件(32),多个缓冲件中,至少第一预压力缓冲件处于压缩状态,缓冲杆从开放端插入并连接于第一缓冲件。本发明还提供一种起重臂防后倾装置和起重机。本发明能够提供变刚度的缓冲保护,结构简单且安全。

Description

变刚度缓冲装置、 起重臂防后倾装置和起重机
技术领域
本发明涉及起重机, 具体地, 涉及一种变刚度缓冲装置、 起重臂防后 倾装置和起重机。 背景技术
在一定工况下, 起重臂和起重平台存在着角度变化, 起重平台和起重 臂之间的仰角一定要控制在一定的范围内, 否则会产生起重臂倾翻的危险。 为避免上述现象, 在起重臂和起重平台之间布置防倾翻装置十分必要。 另 外, 起重臂在起吊重物后, 因工况需要或钢丝绳断裂情况下, 重物在较短 时间内脱落。 由于起重臂在起吊过程中蓄积了较大的变形, 从而会在自身 势能的作用下产生后倾运动。 因此, 通常在起重机上设置有防后倾装置, 以控制起重臂与起重平台之间角度。
现有的防后倾装置中, 按照防后倾装置与起重臂的接触类型, 可以分 为全刚性接触式、 弹簧接触式或液压缓冲接触式。 全刚性接触式防后倾装 置不具有缓冲功能因此在起重臂后倾并接触后倾装置时会产生较大的冲击 力, 对缓冲装置和起重臂均可能产生危险; 液压缓冲接触式防后倾装置其 结构较为复杂, 成本较高; 弹簧接触式防后倾装置采用恒刚度缓冲弹簧, 如采用刚度较大的弹簧, 则产生的缓冲力较大, 对起重臂和缓冲装置也具 有一定影响, 如采用刚度较小的弹簧, 则缓冲距离较大, 效果不佳且使用 寿命不长。
因此, 现有技术中缺乏能够确保缓冲作用且结构简单的防后倾装置。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种结构简单且能够提供良好的缓冲性能的变刚 度缓冲装置。
为了实现上述目的, 本发明提供一种变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 该变刚 度缓冲装置包括缓冲缸、 缓冲杆和多个缓冲件, 所述缓冲缸的一端封闭, 另一端开放, 所述缓冲缸包括依次连通的多个腔体, 每个腔体中设置有一 个缓冲件, 所述缓冲缸的开放端所在的腔体为第一缓冲腔体, 设置在所述 第一缓冲腔体内的缓冲件为第一缓冲件, 所述缓冲缸的封闭端所在的腔体 为第一预压力腔体, 设置在所述第一预压力腔体内的缓冲件为第一预压力 缓冲件, 所述多个缓冲件中, 至少第一预压力缓冲件处于压缩状态, 所述 缓冲杆从所述开放端插入并连接于所述第一缓冲件。
优选地, 除所述第一缓冲件外, 其余的缓冲件均以压缩状态设置在相 应的腔体中, 从所述开放端到所述封闭端, 所述缓冲件的预压力逐渐增大。
优选地, 所述缓冲件为弹簧。
优选地, 从所述开放端到所述封闭端, 所述腔体的内径增大并在腔体 之间的连接处形成阶梯部。
优选地, 除所述第一缓冲腔体外, 每个腔体内设置有分隔板, 该分隔 板的两侧分别连接于相邻的两个缓冲件, 所述分隔板的尺寸与设置该分隔 板的腔体的内径匹配, 使得所述分隔板能够在其两侧的缓冲件的作用下在 所述腔体内滑动。
优选地, 所述分隔板的两侧设置有刚性的凸轴, 每个腔体内的缓冲件 的至少一部分套设在相应的凸轴外部。
优选地, 所述开放端设置有用于止挡所述第一缓冲件的止挡件。
优选地, 所述缓冲杆的端部具有凸缘, 所述第一缓冲件连接到所述凸 缘的端面, 所述凸缘能够通过所述止挡件止挡。
本发明还提供一种起重臂防后倾装置, 该装置包括起重臂、 起重平台、 前撑杆、 后撑杆和缓冲装置, 所述前撑杆的一端和所述后撑杆的一端连接, 所述前撑杆的另一端、 所述后撑杆的另一端和所述起重臂分别连接于所述 起重平台, 所述前撑杆位于所述后撑杆和所述起重臂之间, 所述缓冲装置 设置在所述前撑杆和所述起重臂之间, 其中, 所述缓冲装置为本发明的变 刚度缓冲装置, 所述缓冲杆连接于所述起重臂, 所述封闭端连接于所述前 撑杆。
优选地, 所述起重臂防后倾装置包括设置在所述变刚度缓冲装置下方 的斜撑杆, 该斜撑杆的两端分别连接于所述前撑杆和所述缓冲缸。
本发明还提供一种起重机, 其中, 该起重机包括本发明的起重臂防后 倾装置。
通过上述技术方案, 缓冲杆的移动首先通过第一缓冲件进行缓冲, 继 续移动时, 起缓冲作用的缓冲件逐渐增多, 从而使缓冲杆的移动逐渐减缓。 本发明的变刚度缓冲装置能够在缓冲杆的移动过程中增大刚度, 使相关部 件的受力更加合理, 确保较长的使用寿命。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说 明。 附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 并且构成说明书的一部分, 与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明, 但并不构成对本发明的限制。 在附图中:
图 1是说明本发明的变刚度缓冲装置的一种实施方式的结构示意图; 图 2是说明图 1中的分隔板和凸轴的结构的视图;
图 3是说明图 1的变刚度缓冲装置的缓冲杆的位移和变刚度缓冲装置 提供的缓冲作用力的关系的图;
图 4是说明本发明的变刚度缓冲装置的另一种实施方式的结构示意图; 图 5是说明图 4的变刚度缓冲装置的缓冲杆的位移和变刚度缓冲装置 提供的缓冲作用力的关系的图; 图 6是说明本发明的起重臂防后倾装置的一种实施方式的; 附图标记说明
100: 变刚度缓冲装置
10: 缓冲缸 11 : 第一缓冲腔体 11a: 止挡件
12: 第一预压力腔体 13 : 第二预压力腔体 14: 阶梯部
15: 底座
20: 缓冲杆 21 : 凸缘
30: 缓冲件 31 : 第一缓冲件 32: 第一预压力缓冲件
33: 第二预压力缓冲件
40: 分隔板 41 : 凸轴
200: 起重臂 300: 其中平台 400: 前撑杆 500: 后撑杆
600: 斜撑杆 具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是, 此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限制本发 明。
在本发明中, 在未作相反说明的情况下, 使用的方位词如 "上、 下、 左、 右"通常是指参考附图所示的上、 下、 左、 右; "内、 外"是指相对于 各部件本身的轮廓的内、 夕卜。
根据本发明的一个方面, 提供一种变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 该变刚度 缓冲装置 100包括缓冲缸 10、 缓冲杆 20和多个缓冲件 30, 所述缓冲缸 10 的一端封闭, 另一端开放, 所述缓冲缸 10包括依次连通的多个腔体, 每个 腔体中设置有一个缓冲件 30,所述缓冲缸 10的开放端所在的腔体为第一缓 冲腔体 11, 设置在所述第一缓冲腔体 11内的缓冲件 30为第一缓冲件 31, 所述缓冲缸 10的封闭端所在的腔体为第一预压力腔体 12,设置在所述第一 预压力腔体 12内的缓冲件 30为第一预压力缓冲件 32, 所述多个缓冲件 30 中, 至少第一预压力缓冲件 32处于压缩状态, 所述缓冲杆 20从所述开放 端插入并连接于所述第一缓冲件 31。
其中, 所述缓冲缸 10的封闭端可以通过固定在缓冲缸 10端部的底座
15封闭, 以形成第一预压力腔体 12。
使用本发明的变刚度缓冲装置, 缓冲杆 20可以在外力作用下朝向的缓 冲缸 10的封闭端移动。 该移动首先通过第一缓冲件 31进行缓冲, 继续移 动时通过其他缓冲件 30缓冲。 具体地, 在缓冲杆 20的移动过程中, 第一 缓冲件 31首先被压缩, 而第一预压力缓冲件 32不被压缩, 当起到缓冲作 用的缓冲件 30的弹力达到当前起到预压力作用的缓冲件 30的预压力时, 则该起到预压力作用的缓冲件 30转变为起缓冲作用而被压缩, 并与已经起 缓冲作用的缓冲件 30串联, 从而使缓冲杆 20的移动进一步减缓。 因此, 本发明的变刚度缓冲装置能够在缓冲杆 20的移动过程中增加起缓冲作用的 缓冲件 30的数量和改变整个变刚度缓冲装置的刚度。 上述过程将在下文中 具体说明。
本发明中, 除位于第一缓冲腔体 11 内的第一缓冲件 31外 (第一缓冲 件 31可以选择地以压缩状态或自然伸长状态设置在第一缓冲腔 11内), 其 他缓冲件 30均以压缩状态设置在相应的腔体内。 从所述开放端到所述封闭 端, 所述缓冲件 30的预压力逐渐增大。 由此, 在通过本发明的变刚度缓冲 装置对缓冲杆 20因外力导致的移动进行缓冲的过程中, 起缓冲作用的缓冲 件 30的数量逐个增加。 在极限状态下, 所有缓冲件 30均起缓冲作用。
本发明中, 缓冲件 30可以由各种适当类型的缓冲材料制成的部件, 例 如, 缓冲件 30可以是弹簧或橡胶。 在本发明的图示的实施方式中, 缓冲件 30为弹簧。
另外, 优选地, 如图 1和图 4所示, 从所述开放端到所述封闭端, 可 以使所述腔体的内径增大并在腔体之间的连接处形成阶梯部 14。 通过阶梯 部 14可以限制相应的腔体内的缓冲件 30,以对相应的缓冲件 30施加压力, 从而能够使相应的缓冲件 30提供预压力。
更优选地, 如图 1和图 4所示, 除所述第一缓冲腔体 11外, 每个腔体 内可以设置有分隔板 40,该分隔板 40的两侧分别连接于相邻的两个缓冲件 30, 所述分隔板 40的尺寸与设置该分隔板 40的腔体的内径匹配, 使得所 述分隔板 40能够在所述腔体内滑动。 其中, 分隔板 40能够通过阶梯部 14 止挡, 从而能够通过分隔板 40限制每个腔体内的缓冲件 30, 以对相应的缓 冲件 30施加压力, 从而能够使相应的缓冲件 30提供预压力。
另外, 如图 2所示, 所述分隔板 40的两侧可以设置有刚性的凸轴 41, 每个腔体内的缓冲件 30的至少一部分可以套设在相应的凸轴 41外部。 由 此, 缓冲件 30压缩到一定程度后, 无法继续压缩, 从而形成刚性部分。 凸 轴 41可以用于使缓冲件 30在压缩过程中始终保持同样的延伸方向。 另外, 使用较长的凸轴 41时, 可以起到额外的作用。 具体地, 当缓冲件 30压缩 到一定程度后, 与该缓冲件 30套设的凸轴 41的两端能够分别接触相邻的 凸轴 41或者缓冲缸 10的封闭端, 从而与该缓冲件 30—起形成刚性部分。 可以理解地, 当所有的缓冲件 30均压缩到无法继续压缩时, 或者当所有的 缓冲件 30均压缩到使得所有的凸轴 41的两端与相邻的凸轴 41或缓冲缸 10 的封闭端接触时, 整个变刚度缓冲装置形成为刚性构件。
整个变刚度缓冲装置形成为刚性构件的状态, 优选仅在下列情况下出 现: 只有当特殊情况下, 例如在下文中的起重臂 200 因受到巨大外力作用 而后倾且变刚度缓冲装置 100的缓冲作用无法阻止起重臂 200的后倾运动 的情况下, 也即缓冲缸 10的缓冲距离有限时, 变刚度缓冲装置 100内管在 起重臂 200后倾过大或继续后倾会有倾翻的危险时起到保护作用, 将变刚 度缓冲装置转变为刚性的整体, 以阻止起重臂 200的继续后倾。
另外, 如图 1和图 4所示, 可以在所述开放端设置有用于止挡所述第 一缓冲件 31的止挡件 lla, 以止挡第一缓冲件 31, 从而在整个装置复原时 防止第一缓冲件 31离开第一缓冲腔体 11。
更优选地, 所述缓冲杆 20 的端部可以具有凸缘 21, 所述第一缓冲件 31连接到所述凸缘 21的端面,所述凸缘 21能够通过所述止挡件 lla止挡。 由此,可以通过止挡件 lla止挡凸缘 21并通过凸缘 21止挡第一缓冲件 31。
下面以图 1和图 4所示的两种具体实施方式说明本发明的变刚度缓冲 装置。 其中, 在这两种实施方式中, 缓冲件 30为弹簧。 另外, 在图 1所示 的实施方式中, 变刚度缓冲装置包括两个缓冲件 30; 在图 4所示的实施方 式中, 变刚度缓冲装置包括三个缓冲件 30。
第一实施方式
在图 1所示的实施方式中, 变刚度缓冲装置包括两个腔体, 即第一缓 冲腔体 11和第一预压力腔体 12。相应地, 变刚度缓冲装置包括两个缓冲件 30, 分别为设置在第一缓冲腔体 11的第一缓冲件 31 (弹性系数为 K1 ) 和 设置在第一预压力腔体 12中的第一预压力缓冲件 32 (弹性系数为 K2)。
在未受到外力作用时, 第一预压力缓冲件 32处于压缩状态并产生预紧 力 F1 , 第一缓冲件 31处于自然伸长状态。 在缓冲杆 20受到外力作用而移 动时, 首先仅第一缓冲件 31起缓冲作用, 即缓冲杆 20仅压缩第一缓冲件 31并通过第一缓冲件 31缓冲, 变刚度缓冲装置的刚度(即缓冲件的弹性系 数) 为第一缓冲件 31的刚度 Kl。 当缓冲杆 20因外力作用而继续移动, 使 得第一缓冲件 31的压紧力 (即弹力) 等于第一预压力缓冲件 32的预紧力 F1时,第一预压力缓冲件 32也开始起缓冲作用, 并与第一缓冲件 31串联。 此时, 变刚度缓冲装置的刚度为第一缓冲件 31和第一预压力缓冲件 32构 成的串联弹簧的刚度 Κ, 其中, ^η^^ ο 本实施方式中, 缓冲杆的位移
Κ\ + Κ2
X和变刚度缓冲装置提供的缓冲作用力 F的关系如图 3所示,在缓冲作用力 达到 F1时出现拐点, 即刚度发生变化。 本实施方式的变刚度缓冲装置 100 为两级刚度的变刚度缓冲装置。 第二实施方式
在图 4所示的实施方式中, 变刚度缓冲装置包括 3个腔体, 即第一缓 冲腔体 11、 第一预压力腔体 12和第二预压力腔体 13。 相应地, 变刚度缓 冲装置包括 3个缓冲件 30, 分别为设置在第一缓冲腔体 11 的第一缓冲件 31 (弹性系数为 Kl )、设置在第一预压力腔体 12中的第一预压力缓冲件 32 (弹性系数为 Κ2) 以及设置在第二预压力腔体 13 中的第二预压力缓冲件 33 (弹性系数为 Κ3 )。
在未受到外力作用时, 第一预压力缓冲件 32和第二预压力缓冲件 33 处于压缩状态并分别产生预紧力 F1和 F2 (F1大于 F2), 第一缓冲件 31处 于自然伸长状态。 在缓冲杆 20受到外力作用而移动时, 首先仅第一缓冲件 31起缓冲作用,即缓冲杆 20仅压缩第一缓冲件 31并通过第一缓冲件 31缓 冲, 变刚度缓冲装置的刚度为第一缓冲件 31的刚度 Kl。 当缓冲杆 20因外 力作用而继续移动,使得第一缓冲件 31的压紧力等于第二预压力缓冲件 33 的预紧力 F2时, 第二预压力缓冲件 33也开始起缓冲作用, 并与第一缓冲 件 31 串联。 此时, 变刚度缓冲装置的刚度为第一缓冲件 31和第二预压力 缓冲件 33构成的串联缓冲件的刚度 Κ', 其中, =1~L 1~。 当缓冲杆 20
Kl + K3
继续移动并使得第一缓冲件 31和第二预压力缓冲件 33的压紧力等于第一 预压力缓冲件 32的预紧力 F1时,第一预压力缓冲件 32也开始起缓冲作用, 并与第一缓冲件 31和第二预压力缓冲件 33串联。 此时, 变刚度缓冲装置 的刚度为第一缓冲件 31、 第一预压力缓冲件 32和第二预压力缓冲件 33构 成的串联弹簧的刚度 Κ" , 其中,
Figure imgf000010_0001
本实施方式中,缓冲杆的位移 X和变刚度缓冲装置提供的缓冲作用力 F 的关系如图 5所示, 在缓冲作用力达到 F1和 F2时分别出现拐点。 本实施 方式的变刚度缓冲装置 100为三级刚度的变刚度缓冲装置。
虽然本发明以包括两个缓冲件 30 的第一实施方式和包括三个缓冲件 30的第二实施方式进行说明, 但本领域技术人员可以理解的是, 显然可以 通过合理设计例如缓冲缸 10的结构并选择适当数量的缓冲件 30来形成更 多级刚度的变刚度缓冲装置。
对于缓冲装置来说, 能量 =力 距离, 即\¥=? 8, 通常受安装部位和 结构等的影响, 缓冲距离不能无限增大, 请参阅图 3和图 5, 当缓冲距离取 一定值时, 缓冲力 F越大, 则缓冲装置吸收的能量 W越多, 但缓冲力 F过 大时又会对臂架、 缓冲装置等造成不利影响, 因此需要在能够吸收足够多 能量的情况下尽量减小最大缓冲力 F。而本发明的变刚度缓冲装置由于缓冲 件刚度的变化而使缓冲力 F先急速增大, 而后增大趋势逐渐减缓, 能实现 吸收同样多的能量的情况下尽量减小最大缓冲力 F。
本发明的变刚度缓冲装置 100可以用于各种适当的场合, 例如通过缓 冲杆 20连接到需要提供缓冲保护的部件。
例如, 根据本发明的另一方面, 提供一种起重臂防后倾装置, 该装置 包括起重臂 200、 起重平台 300、 前撑杆 400、 后撑杆 500和缓冲装置, 所 述前撑杆 400的一端和所述后撑杆 500的一端连接, 所述前撑杆 400的另 一端、 所述后撑杆 500的另一端和所述起重臂 200分别连接于所述起重平 台 300, 所述前撑杆 400位于所述后撑杆 500和所述起重臂 200之间, 所述 缓冲装置设置在所述前撑杆 400和所述起重臂 200之间, 其中, 所述缓冲 装置为本发明的变刚度缓冲装置 100, 所述缓冲杆 20 连接于所述起重臂 200, 所述封闭端连接于所述前撑杆 400。 由此, 可以利用本发明的变刚度 缓冲装置 100对起重臂 200提供结构简单、 安全的变刚度缓冲保护, 防止 起重臂 200后倾。
另外, 如图 6所示, 所述起重臂防后倾装置可以包括设置在所述变刚 度缓冲装置 100下方的斜撑杆 600,该斜撑杆 600的两端分别连接于所述前 撑杆 400和所述缓冲缸 10,从而通过斜撑杆 600辅助对变刚度缓冲装置 100 的支撑。
根据本发明的另一方面, 提供一种起重机, 其中, 该起重机包括本发 明的起重臂防后倾装置。 因此, 本发明的起重机能够对起重臂 200提供变 刚度的缓冲保护, 结构简单且安全。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式, 但是, 本发明并不 限于上述实施方式中的具体细节, 在本发明的技术构思范围内, 可以对本 发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型, 这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范 围。
另外需要说明的是, 在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特 征, 在不矛盾的情况下, 可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。 为了避免不 必要的重复, 本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外, 本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合, 只要 其不违背本发明的思想, 其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种变刚度缓冲装置, 其特征在于, 该变刚度缓冲装置 (100) 包 括缓冲缸 (10)、 缓冲杆 (20) 和多个缓冲件 (30), 所述缓冲缸 (10) 的 一端封闭, 另一端开放, 所述缓冲缸 (10) 包括依次连通的多个腔体, 每 个腔体中设置有一个缓冲件 (30), 所述缓冲缸 (10) 的开放端所在的腔体 为第一缓冲腔体 (11 ), 设置在所述第一缓冲腔体 (11 ) 内的缓冲件 (30) 为第一缓冲件 (31 ), 所述缓冲缸 (10) 的封闭端所在的腔体为第一预压力 腔体 (12), 设置在所述第一预压力腔体 (12) 内的缓冲件 (30) 为第一预 压力缓冲件(32), 所述多个缓冲件(30) 中, 至少第一预压力缓冲件(32) 处于压缩状态, 所述缓冲杆 (20) 从所述开放端插入并连接于所述第一缓 冲件 (31 )。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 除所述第一缓冲件 (31 ) 外, 其余的缓冲件 (30) 均以压缩状态设置在相应的腔体中, 从所 述开放端到所述封闭端, 所述缓冲件 (30) 的预压力逐渐增大。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 所述缓冲件 (30) 为弹簧。
4、 根据权利要求 1-3中任意一项所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 从所 述开放端到所述封闭端, 所述腔体的内径增大并在腔体之间的连接处形成 阶梯部 (14)。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 除所述第一缓冲腔 体外, 每个腔体内设置有分隔板 (40), 该分隔板 (40) 的两侧分别连接于 相邻的两个缓冲件 (30), 所述分隔板 (40) 的尺寸与设置该分隔板 (40) 的腔体的内径匹配, 使得所述分隔板 (40) 能够在其两侧的缓冲件 (30) 的作用下在所述腔体内滑动。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 所述分隔板 (40) 的两侧设置有刚性的凸轴 (41), 每个腔体内的缓冲件 (30) 的至少一部分 套设在相应的凸轴 (41) 外部。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 所述开放端设置有 用于止挡所述第一缓冲件 (31) 的止挡件 (lla)。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的变刚度缓冲装置, 其中, 所述缓冲杆 (20) 的端部具有凸缘 (21), 所述第一缓冲件 (31) 连接到所述凸缘 (21) 的端 面, 所述凸缘 (21) 能够通过所述止挡件 (11a) 止挡。
9、一种起重臂防后倾装置,该装置包括起重臂(200)、起重平台(300)、 前撑杆 (400)、 后撑杆 (500) 和缓冲装置, 所述前撑杆 (400) 的一端和 所述后撑杆 (500) 的一端连接, 所述前撑杆 (400) 的另一端、 所述后撑 杆 (500) 的另一端和所述起重臂 (200) 分别连接于所述起重平台 (300), 所述前撑杆 (400) 位于所述后撑杆 (500) 和所述起重臂 (200) 之间, 所 述缓冲装置设置在所述前撑杆 (400) 和所述起重臂 (200) 之间, 其特征 在于,所述缓冲装置为根据权利要求 1-8中任意一项所述的变刚度缓冲装置
(100), 所述缓冲杆 (20) 连接于所述起重臂 (200), 所述封闭端连接于 所述前撑杆 (400)。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的起重臂防后倾装置, 其中, 所述起重臂防 后倾装置包括设置在所述变刚度缓冲装置 (100) 下方的斜撑杆 (600), 该 斜撑杆 (600) 的两端分别连接于所述前撑杆 (400) 和所述缓冲缸 (10)。
11、 一种起重机, 其特征在于, 该起重机包括根据权利要求 9或 10所 述的起重臂防后倾装置。
PCT/CN2012/071134 2011-12-13 2012-02-14 变刚度缓冲装置、起重臂防后倾装置和起重机 WO2013086797A1 (zh)

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