WO2013086483A1 - Composition de fluide pour travail des métaux et son procédé d'utilisation dans l'usinage du fer à graphite compacté - Google Patents

Composition de fluide pour travail des métaux et son procédé d'utilisation dans l'usinage du fer à graphite compacté Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013086483A1
WO2013086483A1 PCT/US2012/068708 US2012068708W WO2013086483A1 WO 2013086483 A1 WO2013086483 A1 WO 2013086483A1 US 2012068708 W US2012068708 W US 2012068708W WO 2013086483 A1 WO2013086483 A1 WO 2013086483A1
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Prior art keywords
composition
fluid composition
iron
machining
fluid
Prior art date
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PCT/US2012/068708
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert D. Evans
Kuan ZHONG
Steven R. Thomas
Original Assignee
Evans Robert D
Zhong Kuan
Thomas Steven R
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Publication date
Application filed by Evans Robert D, Zhong Kuan, Thomas Steven R filed Critical Evans Robert D
Priority to JP2014546168A priority Critical patent/JP2015503012A/ja
Priority to MX2014006721A priority patent/MX2014006721A/es
Priority to EP12856027.3A priority patent/EP2788461A4/fr
Priority to BR112014013879A priority patent/BR112014013879A8/pt
Priority to CN201280069244.4A priority patent/CN104185675A/zh
Publication of WO2013086483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013086483A1/fr
Priority to HK15102953.4A priority patent/HK1202575A1/xx

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    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel

Definitions

  • Cast irons may be used in the production of many industrial components. Certain types of cast irons such as compacted graphite iron may be difficult to machine; the metal cutting and grinding often necessary in the fabrication of industrial components may present challenges and difficulties resulting in, for example, rapid and accelerated rates of tool wear, as well as in reduced quality of the part produced.
  • Gray cast iron has traditionally been used for the production of engine blocks, cylinder heads, as well as various other automotive components.
  • the graphite in gray cast iron has a flake-like structure. The predominance of interconnecting graphite flakes gives rise to a high level of discontinuities and stress
  • gray cast iron is easily machined at low production costs, (higher metal removal rates with long tool life).
  • compacted graphite iron has a graphite structure much like that of coral. Such a graphite structure produces lower levels of discontinuities and stress concentration effects within the metal, giving rise to higher strength and toughness properties, as well as lower machinability.
  • compositional differences between gray cast iron and compacted graphite iron which also are largely responsible for the differences in the machinability of these two metals.
  • the presence of sulfur in gray cast iron is considered to be a critical factor associated with the high machinability of this metal.
  • an iron-machining composition includes water; a lubricant ester; and a sulfur-containing lubricant additive.
  • a lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters is present in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 50 wt%, and may include a polyol ester; a glycerol-based ester; and/or an ester selected from those of C 12 toCi 8 fatty acid esters of 2,2 dimethyl-1,3- propanediol, 2- propanol, 1,1 ,1, tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2 -hydroxy- 1,3 -propanediol, 2,2- bis(hydroxymethyl)- 1 ,3 -propanediol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol.
  • Suitable esters also may include those produced by the initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide followed by subsequent esterification, to yield a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester.
  • Suitable esters also include those produced by the condensation of hydroxyl-functionalized fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, to yield oligomeric and polymeric esters.
  • an iron-machining composition includes fatty acids such as those containing saturated and unsaturated chains of between 12 and 22 carbons, in an amount of about 0 wt% to about 12 wt%.
  • an iron-machining composition includes about 0 wt% to about 30 wt% of a boric acid-amine adduct whereby the boric acid amine adduct may be comprised of a mixture of one or more structures including the amine salts of boric acid, boric acid- alkonaolamine esters including cyclic boroxine esters, and polyborate amine salts.
  • an iron-machining composition includes about 0 wt% to about 50 wt% of a mineral oil.
  • Suitable mineral oils may be pure or a mixture of mineral oils such as naphthenic and paraffmic oils of between about 15 cSt and about 30 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade.
  • an iron-machining composition includes about 4 wt% to about 10 wt% of a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers.
  • a method of machining iron includes applying a fluid composition of the present invention (referred to as fluid concentrate) as a water dilution whereby prior to use in machining, the composition of the present invention is first diluted with water to give between 1 % to 100% concentration of the fluid concentrate.
  • fluid concentrate a fluid composition of the present invention
  • water dilution a water dilution
  • such application may reduce tool wear during machining of iron such as by about 5% to about 90% as compared to conventional lubricant fluids.
  • the machined iron is compacted graphite iron.
  • Figure 1 shows axial forces measured during drilling
  • Figure 2 shows torque measured during drilling
  • Figure 3 illustrates tool wear after drilling
  • Figure 4 shows tool wear with various machining fluids
  • Figure 5 shows cutting forces with various machining fluids
  • Figure 6 shows tool wear obtained on drills
  • Figure 7 shows the surface finish measured over one hundred thirty holes reamed.
  • compositions and methods of some embodiments of the present invention relate to metalworking fluid compositions and methods for their use in the machining of metal, such as iron.
  • compositions and methods of the present invention relate to machining compacted graphite iron (also referred to as "CGI” or “vermicular iron”).
  • CGI compacted graphite iron
  • fluid compositions and methods of application of the present invention which, when used in the metal cutting and grinding processes performed on iron such as compacted graphite iron, may significantly extend the lifetime of the tools used by effectively reducing wear, and may improve the quality of the part produced.
  • fluid compositions of the present invention include at least an ester lubricant in combination with a sulfur-containing lubricant additive.
  • fluid compositions of the present invention include one or more ester lubricants.
  • Suitable ester lubricants may include polyol and natural carboxylic esters such as long chain (Ci 2 -C 22 ) carboxylic esters of branched chained or cyclic mono, di and polybasic alcohols.
  • Suitable ester lubricants may also include alkoxylated polyol esters such as long chain (Ci 2 -C 22 ) carboxylic esters of branched chained or cyclic mono, di and polybasic alcohols whereby the polybasic alcohol is alkoxylated prior to formation of the carboxylic ester.
  • Suitable esters may also include those produced by the condensation of hydroxyl-functionalized fatty acids, such as ricinoleic acid, to yield oligomeric and polymeric esters.
  • suitable ester lubricants include esters containing a carboxylic acid moiety selected from carboxylic acids with saturated and unsaturated alkyl chains of between 12 to 22 carbons in length, whereby fatty acid(s) are reacted with a mono or polyfunctional alcohol selected from but not limited to 2,2 dimethyl-l,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1, tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2- hydroxy-l ,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-l ,3-propanediol, and 1 ,2,3-propanetriol, to form the ester useful within the current invention.
  • a fluid composition contains an ester lubricant in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 50 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 40 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% to about 35 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% to about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% to about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt% to about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% of the fluid composition; about 8 wt% of the fluid composition; about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 12 wt% of the fluid composition; about 14 wt% of the fluid
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more sulfur-containing lubricant additives.
  • Suitable sulfur-containing additives may include sulfurized alpha olefins, di-branched alkyl tri and polysulfides, sulfur containing carboxylic acids, complex sulfurized esters, and/or dialkyl polysufides.
  • suitable sulfur-containing compound include structures as shown in Formula 1 :
  • a fluid composition include a sulfur-containing lubricant additive in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.2 wt% to about 18 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.3 wt% to about 16 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.4 wt% to about 14 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% to about 12 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.6 wt% to about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.7 wt% to about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.8 wt% to about 9 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.9 wt% to about 8 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 7 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.2 wt% of the fluid composition; about
  • composition or about 20 wt% of the fluid composition.
  • composition of this invention may also contain other compounds commonly used in many metal cutting lubricant fluids. Such compounds and concentration of such compounds are described below.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes fatty acids.
  • Suitable fatty acids may include but are not limited to those of between 12 and 22 carbons in chain length incorporated into the formula as a single fatty acid type or as a combination of two or more fatty acids.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes fatty acids in an amount of about 0 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 17 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% to about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt% of the fluid composition; about 8 wt% of the fluid composition; about 9 wt% of
  • composition comprising: about 12 wt% of the fluid composition; about 13 wt% of the fluid composition; about 14 wt% of the fluid composition; about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 17 wt% of the fluid composition; about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 22 wt% of the fluid composition; about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 27 wt% of the fluid composition; or about 30 wt% of the fluid composition.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine or mixture of amine compounds.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine or mixture of amines in an amount of about 0 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% to about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 17 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% to about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes a boric acid-amine adduct whereby the boric acid amine adduct may be comprised of a mixture of one or more structures which include the amine salts of boric acid, boric acid-alkonaolamine esters including cyclic boroxine esters, as well as polyborate amine salts.
  • Suitable adducts can be prepared by the reaction of boric acid with a single or mixtures of amines selected from but not limited to monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine, reacted at either stoichiometric quantities or with slight excess of the amine component.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine boric acid adduct in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% to about 17 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% to about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt% of the fluid composition; about 8 wt% of the fluid composition; about 9 wt% of the fluid composition; about 10 wt% of the fluid composition;
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes an amine salt of a short chain dicarboxylic acid.
  • Suitable amine salts of short chain dicarboxylic acids include but are not limited to those whereby the amine diacid acid salt is comprised of a single or mixture of amines selected from monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine, reacted with a short chain dicarboxylic acid selected from those containing between 4-12 carbon atoms.
  • a fluid composition includes one or more amine salts of a short chain dicarboxylic acid in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% to about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1.5 wt% to about 9 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 8 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt% of the fluid composition; about 8 wt% of the fluid composition;
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes a mineral oil.
  • Suitable mineral oils may be pure or a mixture of mineral oils such as naphthenic and paraffinic oils.
  • a suitable mineral oil or mineral oil blend may have a final viscosity of about 5 cSt to about 35 cSt at 40 degrees centigrade; about 10 cSt to about 30 cSt at 40 degrees centrigrade; about 15 cSt to about 25 cSt at 40 degrees centrigrade; about 5 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; about 10 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; about 15 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; about 20 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; about 25 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; about 30 cSt at 40 degree centigrade; or about 35 cSt at 40 degree centigrade.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes a mineral oil or mineral oil blend in an amount of about 0 wt% to about 75 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 75 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 70 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 65 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 60 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% to about 55 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 50 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 45 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% to about 40 wt% of the fluid composition; about 10 wt% to about 35 wt% of the fluid composition; about 15 wt% to about 30 wt% of the fluid composition; about 20 wt% to about 25 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more emulsifiers.
  • Suitable emulsifiers may include but are not limited to a mixture of nonionic and anionic emulsifiers selected from those commonly known in the art and typically used in water based metalworking fluids.
  • suitable emulsifiers include alkaline metal salts of alkylaryl, alkyl and aryl sulfonic acids; alkoxylated long chain alcohols of between Ci 2 -C 22 in length; polyooxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymers; and ethoxylated alkyl phenols.
  • a fluid composition of the present invention includes one or more emulsifiers in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% to about 18 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% to about 16 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 14 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% to about 12 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% to about 11 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% to about 10 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 0.5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 1 wt% of the fluid composition; about 2 wt% of the fluid composition; about 3 wt% of the fluid composition; about 4 wt% of the fluid composition; about 5 wt% of the fluid composition; about 6 wt% of the fluid composition; about 7 wt%
  • composition about 15 wt% of the fluid composition; about 16 wt% of the fluid composition; about 17 wt% of the fluid composition; about 18 wt% of the fluid composition; about 19 wt% of the fluid composition; or about 20 wt% of the fluid composition.
  • a metalworking fluid composition described according to the present invention and suitable for use in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron consists of: a) about 5 wt% to about 40 wt% of a lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters selected from synthetic polyol fatty acid esters such as trimethyolpropane trioleate,
  • pentaerythritol tetradodecanoate pentaerythritol tetradodecanoate, neopentylglycol dioleate, and isopropyl oleate as well as those produced by the initial reaction of the polyol with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide followed by subsequent esterification, to yield a polyoxyalkylated polyol ester.
  • hydroxyl-functionalized fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid
  • Such amines include ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, dicyclohexylamine, and diglycolamine.
  • Such fluid compositions when blended in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 15 wt% in water, and utilized in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a significant decrease in the rate of tool wear which occurs as well as a noticeable enhancement in the quality of the part machined.
  • Such fluid compositions when blended in an amount of about 3 wt% to about 15% in water, and utilized in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a noticeable decrease in the rate of tool wear which occurs as well as a noticeable enhancement in the quality of the part machined. Results of machining tests described below show the utility and advancement realized with such compositions in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron.
  • fluid compositions of the present invention may be blended with water to prepare a dilution.
  • fluid compositions of the present invention may be blended in water in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 50 wt% of the dilution; about 2 wt% to about 25 wt% of the dilution; about 3 wt% to about 20 wt% of the dilution; about 3 wt% to about 17 wt% of the dilution; about 4 wt% to about 15 wt% of the dilution; about 1 wt% of the dilution; about 2 wt% of the dilution; about 3 wt% of the dilution; about 4 wt% of the dilution; about 5 wt% of the dilution; about 6 wt% of the dilution; about 7 wt% of the dilution; about 8 wt% of the dilution
  • fluid compositions according to embodiments of the present invention during machining iron such as compacted graphite iron results in a reduction in tool wear as compared to conventional fluids of about 5% to about 95%; about 10% to about 90%; about 15% to about 85%; about 20% to about 80%; about 25% to about 75%; about 30% to about 70%; about 35% to about 65%; about 40% to about 60%; about 5%; about 10%; about 15%; about 20%; about 25%; about 30%; about 35%; about 40%; about 45%; about 50%; about 55%; about 60%; about 65%; about 70%; about 75%; about 80%; about 85%; about 90%; or about 95%.
  • Fluid A useful for the improved machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention having: a) about 5 wt% to about 10 wt% ester lubricant; b) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% of a sulfur additive; c) 8 wt% to about 16 wt% mineral oil; and d) the balance having amines, boric acid, fatty acids, and emulsifiers.
  • Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 8%.
  • the machining conditions are as follows:
  • the axial machining forces and torque (tangential forces) measured during drilling provide a useful indication of the friction in the cutting zone and the lubrication provided by the metalworking fluid.
  • the change in the forces measured as drilling continues may provide a useful indirect measure of the change or deterioration in the condition of the tool, typically arising from tool wear and/or metal adhesion on the cutting edge.
  • use of Fluid A enables for the machining of compacted graphite iron at considerably lower cutting forces and change in forces relative to that which occurs when the conventional ferrous machining fluid (Fluid B) is used.
  • Fluid D was tested in drilling tests along with two currently used compacted graphite iron machining fluids which are based on conventional ferrous machining fluid compositions. These two fluids designated Fluid C and Fluid E, both represent the state of the art technology available for compacted graphite iron machining prior to that of the current fluid compositions described in this invention. Also included in this testing and comparison is Fluid A.
  • Fluid F useful for the improved machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention having: a) about 12 wt% to about 18 wt% of a lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters selected from those of Cig fatty acid esters of 2,2 dimethyl- 1 ,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1 , tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-hydroxy- 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- 1,3- propanediol, and 1,2,3-propanetriol.
  • a lubricant ester or combination of lubricant esters selected from those of Cig fatty acid esters of 2,2 dimethyl- 1 ,3-propanediol, 2-propanol, 1,1,1 , tris(hydroxymethyl)propane, 2-hydroxy- 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)- 1,3- propanedio
  • Such fluid compositions when blended in an amount of about 4 wt% to about 15 wt% in water, and utilized in the machining of iron such as compacted graphite iron, produce a noticeable decrease in the rate of tool wear which occurs as well as a noticeable enhancement in the quality of the part machined.
  • Fluid F was tested in the drilling and reaming of Grade 450 CGI at a concentration of 8%. This fluid composition was tested along with and compared to the performance of a conventional machining fluid utilized for cast iron machining (including CGI), Fluid G. Fluid G is similar to Fluid F in composition but does not contain the sulfur based additive.
  • the torque (tangential forces) measured during drilling provides a useful indication of the friction in the cutting zone and the lubrication provided by the metalworking fluid.
  • the change in the torque measured as drilling continues reflects the changes (wear) occurring on the tools cutting edge as drilling continues.
  • the lower machinability and greater challenge inherent in the machining of compacted graphite iron relative to a standard Class 40 gray cast iron is clearly seen.
  • Fluid F a fluid according to embodiments of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows the tool wear obtained on the drills used. As seen and consistent with the cutting forces measured, while significantly higher wear occurs in compacted graphite iron machining relative to gray cast iron machining, the use of Fluid F enables for the effective reduction of wear on the tool cutting edge.
  • Fluid A useful for the improved machining of compacted graphite iron, was prepared according to embodiments of the present invention having: a) about 5 wt% to about 10 wt% ester lubricant; b) about 3 wt% to about 7 wt% of a sulfur additive; c) 8 wt% to about 16 wt% mineral oil; and d) the balance having amines, boric acid, fatty acids, and emulsifiers.
  • Fluid A was tested at a concentration of 9%.
  • the machining conditions are as follows:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions et des procédés pouvant réduire l'usure des outils pendant l'usinage du fer, par application d'une composition comprenant de l'eau, un lubrifiant ester et un additif lubrifiant soufré.
PCT/US2012/068708 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 Composition de fluide pour travail des métaux et son procédé d'utilisation dans l'usinage du fer à graphite compacté WO2013086483A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

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JP2014546168A JP2015503012A (ja) 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 金属加工用流体組成物および圧密化黒鉛鉄の機械加工におけるその使用方法
MX2014006721A MX2014006721A (es) 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 Composicion fluida para metalurgia y metodo para su uso en el maquinado de hierro de grafito compactado.
EP12856027.3A EP2788461A4 (fr) 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 Composition de fluide pour travail des métaux et son procédé d'utilisation dans l'usinage du fer à graphite compacté
BR112014013879A BR112014013879A8 (pt) 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 composição e método de usinagem de ferro
CN201280069244.4A CN104185675A (zh) 2011-12-09 2012-12-10 金属加工流体组合物及其用于加工致密石墨铸铁的方法
HK15102953.4A HK1202575A1 (en) 2011-12-09 2015-03-23 Metalworking fluid composition and method for its use in the machining of compacted graphite iron

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US61/568,979 2011-12-09

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BR112014013879A2 (pt) 2017-06-13
CN104185675A (zh) 2014-12-03
MX2014006721A (es) 2014-10-13
US20130150271A1 (en) 2013-06-13
JP2015503012A (ja) 2015-01-29
EP2788461A1 (fr) 2014-10-15
BR112014013879A8 (pt) 2017-06-13
EP2788461A4 (fr) 2015-08-19

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