WO2013073655A1 - プラズマアーク溶接方法及びプラズマアーク溶接装置 - Google Patents
プラズマアーク溶接方法及びプラズマアーク溶接装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013073655A1 WO2013073655A1 PCT/JP2012/079746 JP2012079746W WO2013073655A1 WO 2013073655 A1 WO2013073655 A1 WO 2013073655A1 JP 2012079746 W JP2012079746 W JP 2012079746W WO 2013073655 A1 WO2013073655 A1 WO 2013073655A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/006—Control circuits therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plasma arc welding method and a plasma arc welding apparatus capable of high energy density, high speed, and high quality welding.
- plasma arc welding has a higher energy density than gas metal arc (GMA) welding, gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding, or the like.
- GTA gas metal arc
- keyhole welding is possible, in which the plasma arc is welded while penetrating from the base material surface side to the back surface side. If keyhole welding is possible, welding work efficiency from the back side of the base material becomes unnecessary, and the welding work efficiency is greatly improved.
- this keyhole welding is prone to instability of the keyhole behavior during the construction due to various factors, such as a rise in the base metal temperature during welding, atmospheric temperature, or magnetic blowing due to grounding, etc. Unless it is a skilled worker, high-quality welding work cannot be performed, and automation is difficult.
- Patent Document 1 a pulse current is used as a welding current, and a weld bead that does not sag is formed by pulsating a plasma jet and blowing molten metal as small droplets.
- Patent Document 2 keyhole welding is proposed in which the plasma gas flow rate is changed in pulses to avoid inconveniences such as melting pool melting.
- the welding method disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a method in which the molten metal is blown off as small droplets by pulsating the plasma jet, post-treatment of the molten droplets of the molten metal blown off is necessary. It becomes.
- the work piece is a butt welding of a steel pipe or the like, it may be difficult to remove the molten metal droplets that have been blown off.
- the welding method disclosed in Patent Document 2 can avoid inconveniences such as melting pool melting by alternately changing the plasma gas flow rate in a pulse shape, but it is stable. It is difficult to obtain a back wave bead with a certain height.
- the present invention has been devised to solve these problems, and the object thereof is a novel plasma arc welding that can reliably obtain a stable and constant back bead at the time of keyhole welding.
- a method and a plasma arc welding apparatus are provided.
- the present inventors have conducted many researches and experiments. As a result, the behavior (frequency) of the weld pool formed on the back side of the base metal during welding and the shape of the back bead are determined. The relevance has been discovered and the present invention has been achieved.
- the natural frequency also varies depending on the material of the base material 15, the size (mass) of the molten pool P, the viscosity, and the like.
- the present inventors examined the fluctuation (behavior) of the molten pool P in more detail.
- the fluctuation (behavior) of the molten pool P is obtained by using a pulse current as a welding current during keyhole welding. It was found that when used, it was greatly affected by the pulse frequency of the pulse current.
- the first invention is a plasma arc welding method for continuously welding a welded portion of the workpiece to be welded while forming a keyhole by a plasma arc.
- the plasma arc welding method is characterized in that welding is performed using a pulse current and controlling the pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency that synchronizes with the molten pool formed on the back side of the base metal during the welding.
- a second invention is a plasma arc welding method for continuously welding a welded portion of a workpiece to be welded while forming a keyhole by a plasma arc, and a pulse current supply step for supplying a pulsed current as a welding current; And a pulse frequency control step of controlling a pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency synchronized with the molten pool.
- a third invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the pulse frequency of the pulse current is controlled to be not less than 0.8 times and not more than 3.0 times the natural frequency of the weld pool.
- This is a plasma arc welding method.
- the pulse frequency of the pulse current is set to 0.8 times or more and 3.0 times or less of the natural frequency of the molten pool, as will be described later, if this range is exceeded, the interference between the plasma arc and the molten pool This is because there is a high possibility of causing an irregular bead or dripping phenomenon.
- the fourth invention is the plasma arc welding method according to the third invention, wherein the pulse current peak, base current value or pulse width is controlled together with the pulse frequency of the pulse current. According to such a control method, even in the vicinity of the limit value in the range of 0.8 times or more and 3.0 times or less the natural frequency of the molten pool, a stable constant height without dripping or irregularities. Sasa back bead can be obtained reliably.
- a fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, the pulse frequency of the pulse current is controlled to be not less than 1.0 times and not more than 2.0 times the natural frequency of the weld pool.
- This is a plasma arc welding method.
- the sixth invention is the plasma arc welding method according to the fifth invention, wherein the pulse current peak, base current value or pulse width is controlled together with the pulse frequency of the pulse current. According to such a control method, even in the vicinity of a limit value in the range of 1.0 to 2.0 times the natural frequency of the molten pool, a stable constant height without dripping or irregularity is obtained. Sasa back bead can be obtained reliably.
- a seventh invention is a plasma arc welding apparatus for continuously welding a welded portion while forming a keyhole in a welded portion of an object to be welded using a welding torch that generates a plasma arc, wherein a pulse current is used as a welding current.
- a plasma arc welding apparatus comprising: a supplied pulse current supply means; and a pulse frequency control means for controlling a pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency synchronized with the molten pool.
- welding is performed by using a pulse current as the welding current and controlling the pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency in which the molten pool formed on the back side of the base metal is synchronized during welding.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a plasma arc welding apparatus 100 according to the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the behavior of the molten pool P formed in the back side of the base material 15 at the time of welding. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the state which welds the welding torch 10 with the predetermined angle (theta) with respect to the to-be-welded object 14.
- FIG. It is a waveform diagram of a pulse current used in the method of the present invention. It is the elements on larger scale which show an example of the welding conditions regarding the to-be-welded object. It is a flowchart figure which shows the flow of a process of the plasma arc welding method which concerns on this invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a plasma arc welding apparatus 100 according to the present invention.
- the plasma arc welding apparatus 100 includes a welding torch 10, a drive unit 20 that drives the welding torch 10, a power supply unit 30 that supplies a welding power source, and a gas supply that supplies welding gas to the welding torch 10. It is mainly comprised from the part 40 and the welding control part 50 which controls these each part 10 thru
- the welding torch 10 has a structure in which the tungsten electrode 11 is covered with a welding torch tip 12 and the welding torch tip 12 is covered with a shield cap 13.
- a pilot arc is generated between the tungsten electrode 11 and the welding torch tip 12 using a high frequency generator (not shown), and an operating gas (plasma gas PG) such as argon (Ar) is generated in the welding torch tip 12. Shed. Then, this plasma gas PG is ionized by the arc heat and becomes a good conductor of the arc current, and an extremely high temperature (10000 to 20000 ° C.) plasma arc 16 is generated between the tungsten electrode 11 and the base material 15.
- plasma gas PG such as argon (Ar)
- the gap between the welding torch tip 12 and the shield cap 13 is made of argon (Ar) and hydrogen (H 2 ), argon (Ar) and oxygen (O 2 ), argon (Ar) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and the like.
- Shielding gas SG is supplied, and the welding part is protected from the atmosphere by this shielding gas SG to maintain the welding quality.
- the drive unit 20 maintains and fixes the welding torch 10 with respect to the work piece 14 so as to have a predetermined interval and an angle ⁇ as shown in FIG. 3, for example, and in response to a control signal from the welding control unit 50.
- the welding torch 10 is moved (runs) at a predetermined speed along the weld line of the workpiece 14.
- the drive unit 20 fixes the workpiece 14 side and moves the welding torch 10 side relative to the workpiece 14, and also fixes the welding torch 10 side and moves the workpiece 14 side. It is also possible to move (run) both at the same time.
- the welding power supply unit 30 supplies a current necessary for generating the plasma arc 16 between the welding torch 10 and the base material 15 at a predetermined voltage, and the current value and the voltage value are the welding control unit 50. It is finely controlled by. And this welding power supply part 30 supplies the pulse current of a rectangular wave as shown, for example in FIG. 4 as the electric current to supply.
- Figure 4 is an illustration of an example of a waveform of the pulse current supplied from the welding power source unit 30, I p is the peak current, I b is the base current, w p is the pulse width, f 1 is the pulse frequency .
- the gas supply unit 40 supplies the welding gas such as the plasma gas and the shield gas described above to the welding torch 10, and the gas flow rate and timing are controlled appropriately by the welding control unit 50.
- the welding control unit 50 includes a central control unit 51, a storage unit (database) 52, an output voltage measurement unit 53, a welding voltage frequency analysis unit 56, an input unit 54, and an output unit 55.
- the central control unit 51 is composed of an information processing device (CPU, ROM, RAM, input / output interface, etc.) such as a computer system, and is based on an operation command input from the input unit 54 or a predetermined control program. To control the units 10 to 40 and the like.
- the storage unit (database) 52 includes a storage device that can freely write and read data, such as an HDD and a semiconductor memory. In addition to various control programs, the storage unit (database) 52 differs at least for each welding condition and each welding condition. Data relating to the natural frequency of the molten pool formed on the back side of the base material 15 during welding is recorded so as to be freely written and read.
- this storage unit (database) 52 information on at least various welding conditions and the natural frequency of the weld pool P uniquely determined under the conditions is recorded as a database.
- various welding conditions the conditions regarding the to-be-welded object 14, and welding construction conditions are mentioned, for example.
- conditions regarding to-be-welded object 14 there exist board thickness t, groove angle (theta), route length r, etc. other than material (kind of base material), for example, as shown in FIG.
- welding conditions include welding current, welding speed, pilot gas flow rate, pilot gas composition, shield gas composition, welding torch tip hole diameter, stand-off (base material 15-welding torch tip 12 interval), as shown in FIG.
- the output voltage measurement unit 53 measures the output voltage from the welding power source unit 30 constantly or for an arbitrary time and inputs it to the welding voltage frequency analysis unit 56 and the central control unit 51.
- the input unit 54 includes various input devices such as a keyboard and a mouse, for example, and inputs various welding conditions and operation commands.
- the output unit is composed of various output devices such as a monitor such as a CRT or LCD and a speaker, and displays information for confirming the input operation of the welding conditions from the input unit 54 and information such as various welding conditions.
- the output unit 55 may also be used as the input unit 54 by adding an input function such as a touch panel to the surface of the monitor.
- the welding control unit 50 central control unit 51 of the device 100 of the present invention moves to the first step S100 and performs the processing.
- the optimum welding condition for the condition relating to the welded article 14 is selected from the storage unit (database) 52, the welding condition is acquired, and the process proceeds to the next step S102.
- step S102 the welding power source 30 sets the pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency with which the weld pool P is synchronized, and starts welding. And this welding control part 50 (central control part 51) judges whether the welding was complete
- the pulse frequency (f 1 ) of the pulse current is 0.8 times or more and 1.0 times or less (0.8 ⁇ f 1 / f p ⁇ 1) of the natural frequency (f p ) of the weld pool P. .0) is a schematic diagram showing the behavior (vibration) of the weld pool P.
- FIG. 8 shows that the pulse frequency (f 1 ) of the pulse current exceeds 1.0 times the natural frequency (f p ) of the weld pool P and is 2.0 times or less (1.0 ⁇ f 1 / f p ).
- the weld pool P when the peak current Ip flows, the weld pool P generates waves (swings) in the direction opposite to the welding direction. This wave, molten pool portion thereof when it reaches the P rear end hardens to form a penetration bead, rest and wave welding direction is reflected at the molten pool P rear under the base current I b Become.
- this wave is reverse to the welding direction generated on the keyhole side by the next peak current Ip in the substantially central portion of the molten pool P before reaching the tip side of the molten pool P. Intersect with new molten metal wave in direction. By crossing each wave, it attenuates as shown in FIG. 3C, and vibration of the entire weld pool P is suppressed. For this reason, even when the amount of molten metal is large, it is possible to suppress melt-off and interference with the plasma arc 16. As a result, a stable and constant back bead without sagging or irregularity is formed.
- FIG. 9 shows that the pulse frequency (f 1 ) of the pulse current exceeds 2.0 times the natural frequency (f p ) of the weld pool P and is 3.0 times or less (2.0 ⁇ f 1 / f p
- FIG. 5A shows that when the peak current Ip flows, the weld pool P generates waves (swings) in the direction opposite to the welding direction.
- the peak time pulse width w p / pulse frequency f 1
- the amount of metal melted at the peak current is small, and as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 when the pulse current of the pulse frequency (f 1) is less than 0.8 times the natural frequency (f p) of the molten pool P, and the pulse current of the pulse frequency (f 1) of the molten pool P it is a schematic view showing the behavior of the lower molten pool P (vibration) in the case of more than and 3.0 times less than 0.8 times the natural frequency (f p).
- the molten pool P since the molten pool P tries to vibrate at the natural frequency (f p ) without being synchronized with the pulse frequency (f 1 ), as shown in FIGS.
- the P molten metal may interfere with the plasma arc 16 and temporarily close the keyhole. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the present invention uses a pulse current as a welding current and controls the pulse frequency of the pulse current to a frequency synchronized with the weld pool P so that welding is performed. It is possible to reliably obtain a stable and constant back bead without any irregularities.
- the pulse frequency of the pulse current is controlled so as to be within a predetermined range as described above, and the peak current value (I p ) or base current value (I b ) or pulse width of the pulse current as shown in FIG. May be controlled.
- the pulse frequency of the pulse current is in the vicinity of the limit value in the range of 0.8 to 3.0 times the natural frequency of the weld pool P, that is, near 0.8 times or 3.0 times. Even if it is near, if the peak current value (I p ), base current value (I b ) or pulse width is controlled or combined, it will be stable and constant back bead without dripping or irregularity Can be definitely obtained.
- the pulse current supply means (step) for supplying a pulse current as a welding current is the welding power source shown in FIG. This corresponds to part 30.
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Abstract
Description
100…溶接トーチ
12…溶接トーチチップ
13…シールドキャップ
14…被溶接物
15…母材
16…プラズマアーク
20…駆動部
30…溶接電源部
40…溶接ガス供給部
50…溶接制御部
51…中央制御部
52…記憶部(データベース)
53…出力電圧計測部
54…入力部
55…出力部
56…溶接電圧周波数解析部
P…溶融池
PG…プラズマガス
SG…シールドガス
Claims (7)
- 被溶接物の溶接部にプラズマアークによるキーホールを形成しながら当該溶接部を連続溶接するプラズマアーク溶接方法であって、
溶接電流にパルス電流を用いると共に、当該パルス電流のパルス周波数を前記溶接時に母材裏側に形成される溶融池が同期する周波数に制御して溶接することを特徴とするプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - 被溶接物の溶接部にプラズマアークによるキーホールを形成しながら当該溶接部を連続溶接するプラズマアーク溶接方法であって、
前記溶接電流としてパルス電流を供給するパルス電流供給ステップと、
当該パルス電流のパルス周波数を前記溶融池が同期する周波数に制御するパルス周波数制御ステップとを含むことを特徴とするプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - 請求項1または2に記載のプラズマアーク溶接方法において、
前記パルス電流のパルス周波数を前記溶融池の固有振動数の0.8倍以上3.0倍以下になるように制御するプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - 請求項3に記載のプラズマアーク溶接方法において、
前記パルス電流のパルス周波数と共に、前記パルス電流のピークまたはベース電流値あるいはパルス幅を制御するプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - 請求項1または2に記載のプラズマアーク溶接方法において、
前記パルス電流のパルス周波数を前記溶融池の固有振動数の1.0倍以上2.0倍以下になるように制御するプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - 請求項5に記載のプラズマアーク溶接方法において、
前記パルス電流のパルス周波数と共に、前記パルス電流のピークまたはベース電流値あるいはパルス幅を制御するプラズマアーク溶接方法。 - プラズマアークを発生する溶接トーチを用いて被溶接物の溶接部にキーホールを形成しながら当該溶接部を連続溶接するプラズマアーク溶接装置であって、
前記溶接電流としてパルス電流を供給するパルス電流供給手段と、
当該パルス電流のパルス周波数を前記溶融池が同期する周波数に制御するパルス周波数制御手段とを備えたことを特徴とするプラズマアーク溶接装置。
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US14/358,655 US9375802B2 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Plasma arc welding method and plasma arc welding device |
CN201280056461.XA CN103945974B (zh) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | 等离子弧焊方法以及等离子弧焊装置 |
EP12849073.7A EP2781293B1 (en) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Plasma arc welding method and plasma arc welding device |
RU2014123729/02A RU2579851C2 (ru) | 2011-11-17 | 2012-11-16 | Способ плазменно-дуговой сварки и устройство для плазменно-дуговой сварки |
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JP2011251738A JP5820249B2 (ja) | 2011-11-17 | 2011-11-17 | プラズマアーク溶接方法及びプラズマアーク溶接装置 |
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CN (1) | CN103945974B (ja) |
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US20170120365A1 (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2017-05-04 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | System and method of communicating in a welding system over welding power cables |
CN111602471A (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2020-08-28 | 株式会社富士 | 等离子体发生装置和信息处理方法 |
CN112091429A (zh) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-18 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | 一种铝合金焊接方法 |
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- 2012-11-16 RU RU2014123729/02A patent/RU2579851C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2012-11-16 US US14/358,655 patent/US9375802B2/en active Active
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EP2781293B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
JP5820249B2 (ja) | 2015-11-24 |
RU2579851C2 (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
EP2781293A4 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
US9375802B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
CN103945974B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
US20140312012A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
CN103945974A (zh) | 2014-07-23 |
JP2013107086A (ja) | 2013-06-06 |
RU2014123729A (ru) | 2015-12-27 |
EP2781293A1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
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