WO2013071466A1 - 设置有喷火板的燃煤锅炉 - Google Patents

设置有喷火板的燃煤锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071466A1
WO2013071466A1 PCT/CN2011/001971 CN2011001971W WO2013071466A1 WO 2013071466 A1 WO2013071466 A1 WO 2013071466A1 CN 2011001971 W CN2011001971 W CN 2011001971W WO 2013071466 A1 WO2013071466 A1 WO 2013071466A1
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Prior art keywords
fire
coal
furnace
arch
fired boiler
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PCT/CN2011/001971
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张勤福
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宝鸡市海浪锅炉设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2013071466A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071466A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a coal-fired boiler provided with a novel fire-breathing plate.
  • the heat generated by the cold water is heated to generate steam or hot water, which can directly supply the required heat energy for industrial production and people's life, or can be converted into mechanical energy by the steam power device, or The machine is converted to electrical energy by a generator.
  • the chain grate boiler includes a coal feeder, a furnace, a furnace, a chain grate and a wind supply device.
  • the coal feeder is installed at the front of the furnace, and the furnace is placed on the chain grate and the air supply.
  • a furnace arch is arranged in the furnace.
  • the raw coal can be laid flat on the chain grate through the coal feeder, and the chain furnace transports the coal block into the furnace, and the coal block is layeredly burned in the furnace.
  • Chain grate boilers usually require coal with better coal quality.
  • the coal has a small application range and is prone to generate large amounts of cinders and harmful gases, which is highly polluting to the environment.
  • the furnace temperature is very high, many fusible metal elements are liquefied or even vaporized, and the liquefied metal wraps the soot particles and adheres to the fire-blasting plate, thereby forming a coke blockage through the fire hole, which seriously affects the normal use of the boiler.
  • the invention provides a coal-fired boiler provided with a novel fire-blasting plate, which solves the defects that the conventional boiler has high requirements on coal and low combustion efficiency in the prior art, can improve the application range of coal, improve combustion efficiency, and reduce cinder and harmful substances.
  • the emission can also effectively reduce and avoid the coking board coking problem.
  • a coal-fired boiler provided with a novel fire-blasting plate, comprising a furnace body, a furnace body is arranged on an upper part of the furnace body, and a chain grate is arranged in a lower part, the furnace body A front arch and a rear arch are disposed therein, and a fire extinguishing plate is disposed between the rear arch and the furnace, and a fire hole is disposed in the fire extinguishing plate, and the rear section of the rear arch and the fire extinguishing plate are disposed
  • the cold water pipe is connected to the heat recovery device through a pipeline, and the heat recovery device is connected to the triple tower desulfurization dust remover.
  • the through hole has a larger diameter toward one end of the front arch than the other end.
  • One end of the cold water pipe is connected to the cold water tank, and the other end is connected to the furnace.
  • the triple tower desulfurization dust collector is provided with a flue gas outlet.
  • a coal hopper is disposed on one side of the grate body of the furnace body.
  • the fire hole is provided with at least one shape, which is in the shape of a truncated cone or a stepped hole.
  • the cold water pipe is arranged in a parallel line type or an s type.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects: It can improve the applicable range of coal, improve combustion efficiency, reduce the emission of cinder and harmful substances, and at the same time effectively reduce and avoid coking plate coking.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fire-spraying board of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing a round hole type of a fire hole in a fire-blasting plate
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the fire hole in the fire-breathing plate in a stepped manner
  • Figure 5 is an S-shaped layout of the cold water pipe
  • Figure 6 is a parallel line layout of the cold water pipes.
  • the invention includes a furnace body 1 , and a furnace body is provided on the upper portion of the furnace body 1
  • the lower part is provided with a chain grate 2, and the one side chain grate 2 of the grate body 1 is provided with a coal hopper
  • the furnace body 1 is provided with a front arch 3 and a rear arch 5, the furnace body 1, the front arch 3 and the rear arch 5 are integrated structure, the front arch 3 is arranged at the front part of the furnace body 1, the upper end and the furnace The upper wall of the body 1 is connected, the rear arch 5 is disposed at the rear of the furnace body 1, the lower end thereof is connected with the side wall of the furnace body, and the smoke port is formed between the upper end and the front arch 3, and the rear arch 5 and the furnace Between the 9 is provided with a fire-spraying plate 7, the front arch 3, the rear arch 5, the upper wall of the furnace body, the fire-blasting plate 7 and the grate 2 divide the furnace body into a first combustion chamber I, a second combustion chamber II and a third Combustion chamber III.
  • the space divided by the rear arch 5, the front arch 3 and the chain grate 2 is the first combustion chamber I; the upper part of the front section of the rear arch 5, the left side of the fire blasting plate 1, and the space formed by the upper wall of the furnace 1 are the second combustion chamber II; The space formed by the upper part of the rear section of the rear arch 5 and the right side of the fire-blasting plate 7, the upper wall of the furnace body 1, and the right side wall is the third combustion chamber III.
  • the fire-blasting plate 7 is provided with at least one fire-fitting hole 8 of a truncated-shaped or stepped-hole shape, and the hole of the fire-breathing hole 8 toward the front arch 3 has an aperture larger than that of the other end, and the furnace 9 passes through the pipe.
  • the heat recovery device 11 Connected to the heat recovery device 11 , the heat recovery device 11 is connected to the triple tower desulfurization dust remover 12 , and the triple tower desulfurization dust remover 12 is provided with a flue gas outlet 13 , the rear section of the rear arch 5 and the spray A cold water pipe 6 is disposed in the fire plate 7, and one end of the cold water pipe 6 is connected to the cold water tank 4, and the other end is connected to the furnace 9, and the cold water pipe 6 is arranged in a parallel line type or an S shape.
  • the number of water pipes in the rear arch 5 and the fire blasting plate 7 can be determined according to the width of the rear arch 5 and the fire blasting plate 7 and the cooling needs, and it can be an S-type arrangement or a parallel line type arrangement, in practical applications.
  • the water pump in the cold water tank 4 is pumped into the cold water pipe 6 by the water pump, and the cooling water flows from the bottom to the upper, and enters the furnace through the cold water pipe 6 in the rear arch 5 and the fireblasting plate 7, thereby the rear arch of the boiler 5 and The fire blasting plate 7 and the high temperature flue gas in front of the fire blasting plate are effectively cooled.
  • the cold water pipe 6 in the rear arch 5 has a supporting effect on the rear arch 5, which can increase the strength of the rear arch 5; the cold water in the cold water pipe 6 in the rear arch 5 can lower the temperature of the rear arch 5 and increase the service life of the rear arch 5.
  • the absorbed heat can flow into the furnace 14, which produces thermal efficiency and increases the thermal efficiency of the boiler.
  • the cold water pipes 6 in the rear arch 5 and the fire blasting plate 7 are disposed inside the rear arch 5 and the fire blasting plate 7, avoiding the furnace
  • the burning of the cold water pipe by the flame in the alum can improve the service life of the cold water pipe.
  • the cold water pipe 6 in the rear arch 5 and the fireblasting plate 7 can be selected but not limited to the seamless steel pipe.
  • the seamless steel pipe has high strength, high oxidation resistance and good structural stability, and can improve the rear arch 5 and The strength and high temperature resistance of the cold water pipe 6 in the fireblasting plate 7.
  • the cold water pipes 6 in the rear arch 5 and the fire blasting plate 7 can be arranged in parallel line type, S-shaped arrangement, or other curved layout.
  • the fireblasting plate 7 is a plate body, which is a high temperature resistant cement casting with a height of 500-3000 mm and a thickness of 50-750 mm.
  • the shape of the fire hole 8 is a flared or stepped shape.
  • the through hole 8 has an aperture of 50-500 mm toward the front arch 3 and a hole diameter of 20-200 at the other end.
  • coal is laid from the coal hopper 10 to the chain grate 2, the chain furnace Row 2 transports coal from the rear to the rear, and the flue gas is successively burned in the first combustion chamber I, the second combustion chamber II, and the third combustion chamber to achieve full combustion, clean combustion, and ultra-clean combustion. Burn all combustibles, improve combustion efficiency and heat conversion rate, reduce emissions of harmful substances such as S0 2 and CH X , and reduce slag emissions.
  • the high temperature flue gas raises the temperature of the front arch 3, the rear arch 5 and the fireblasting plate 7 to above 1000 °C, and the front arch 3, the rear arch 5 and the fireblasting plate 7 will become crispy at high temperature, and the strength is lowered, affecting the furnace.
  • the front arch 3, the rear arch 5 and the cold water pipe 6 in the fire-blasting plate 7 can increase the heat absorption area, adjust the furnace temperature, and carry away the heat absorption through the continuously flowing cold water, thereby effectively protecting the front arch 3 and the rear arch 5 And the fire-breathing plate 7, making it stronger and longer.
  • the cold water in the cold water pipe 6 flows from the bottom to the top, it absorbs heat and collects it into the furnace to increase the heat efficiency.
  • the heat recovery device has a heat absorbing device with a heat transfer steel tube, half in the water and half in the flue gas.
  • the heated water is collected in hot water. After the heat recovery absorbs the smoke, the temperature of the flue gas continues to decrease. Finally, it enters the Sanlian desulfurization dust collector for desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal.
  • the present invention has a coal burning rate of 98.8%, a thermal efficiency of 88.4%; a soot emission concentration of 25.1 ⁇ 2g/m3, which is 1/3 of the national standard, a blackness coefficient of smoke blackness of less than 1; and a sulfur dioxide emission of 5.95 mg. /m3, only 1/150 of the national standard.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

一种设置有喷火板的燃煤锅炉，包括炉膛本体（1），炉膛本体（1）上部设置有炉胆（9），炉膛本体（1）下部设置有链条炉排（2），炉膛本体（1）内设置有前拱（3）和后拱（5），后拱（5）与炉胆（9）之间设置有喷火板（7），喷火板（7）内设置有通火孔（8），后拱（5）的后段和喷火板（7）内设置有冷水管（6），炉胆（9）通过管道与热回收装置（11）连接，热回收装置（11）与三连塔脱硫除尘器（12）连接。本燃煤锅炉能够提高煤种的适用范围，提高燃烧效率，减少煤渣和有害物排放，以及有效减少和避免喷火板（7）结焦问题。

Description

设置有喷火板的燃煤锅炉 一、 技术领域：
本发明涉及一种设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉。
二、 背景技术：
燃煤锅炉将煤炭在燃烧器内燃烧后， 产生的热量对冷水加热产生蒸汽或热 水， 可直接为工业生产和人民生活提供所需要的热能， 也可通过蒸汽动力装置 转换为机械能， 或再通过发电机将机械转换为电能。
燃煤锅炉的种类很多， 其中， 链条炉排锅炉包括进煤器、 炉膛、 炉胆、 链 条炉排和供风装置， 进煤器安装在炉膛的前部， 炉膛架设在链条炉排和供风装 置的上部， 炉膛内布设有炉拱。 原煤通过进煤器可平铺在链条炉排上， 链条炉 排将煤块运至炉膛内， 煤块在炉膛内作层状燃烧。
链条炉排锅炉通常需要煤质较好的煤， 煤的适用范围小， 并且容易产生大 量煤渣和有害气体， 对环境污染较大。 同时， 因为炉膛温度非常高， 使很多易 熔金属元素被液化甚至汽化， 液化金属包裹烟尘颗粒， 粘结在喷火板上， 从而 形成结焦堵塞通火孔， 严重时影响锅炉的正常使用。
三、 发明内容：
本发明提供一种设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 以解决公知技术中传统锅 炉对煤要求高， 燃烧效率低的缺陷， 能够提高煤的适用范围， 提高燃烧效率， 减少煤渣和有害物的排放， 同时还能有效减少和避免喷火板结焦问题。
为实现上述目的， 本发明采用的技术方案为： 一种设置有新型喷火板的燃 煤锅炉， 包括炉膛本体， 炉膛本体上部设置有炉胆， 下部设置有链条炉排， 所 述的炉膛本体内设置有前拱和后拱， 所述的后拱与炉胆之间设置有喷火板， 喷 火板内设置有通火孔， 所述的后拱的后段和喷火板内设置有冷水管， 所述的炉 胆通过管道与热回收装置连接， 热回收装置与三连塔脱硫除尘器连接。
所述的通火孔朝向前拱的一端孔径大于另一端的孔径。
所述的冷水管的一端与冷水箱连接， 另一端与炉胆连接。
所述的三连塔脱硫除尘器上设置有烟气出口。
所述的炉膛本体的一侧链条炉排上设置有煤斗。
所述的通火孔设置有至少一个， 其形状为圆台型或阶梯孔型。
所述的冷水管呈平行线型或 s型设置。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有的优点和效果如下： 能够提高煤的适用范 围， 提高燃烧效率， 减少煤渣和有害物的排放， 同时还能有效减少和避免喷火 板结焦问题。
四、 附图说明： 图 1为本发明的结构示意图；
图 2为本发明喷火板结构示意图；
图 3为喷火板中通火孔呈圆台型示意图；
图 4为喷火板中通火孔呈阶梯型示意图；
图 5为冷水管的呈 S型布置图；
图 6为冷水管的呈平行线布置图。
图中： 1-炉膛本体； 2-链条炉排； 3-前拱； 4-冷水箱； 5-后拱； 6-冷水 管； 7-喷火板； 8-通火孔； 9-炉胆； 10-煤斗； 11-热回收装置； 12-三连塔脱 硫除尘器； 13-烟气出口。
五、 具体实施方式：
参见图 1和图 2: 本发明包括包括炉膛本体 1 , 炉膛本体 1上部设置有炉胆
9, 下部设置有链条炉排 2， 所述的炉膛本体 1的一侧链条炉排 2上设置有煤斗
10, 所述的炉膛本体 1内设置有前拱 3和后拱 5， 炉膛本体 1、 前拱 3和后拱 5 为一体结构， 前拱 3设置于炉膛本体 1的前部， 其上端与炉膛本体 1的上壁连 接， 后拱 5设置于炉膛本体 1的后部， 其下端与炉膛本体侧壁连接， 上端与前 拱 3之间形成烟气通口， 所述的后拱 5 与炉胆 9之间设置有喷火板 7， 前拱 3、 后拱 5、 炉膛本体上壁、 喷火板 7和炉排 2将炉膛本体分为第一燃烧室 I , 第二燃烧室 II和第三燃烧室 III。 其中： 后拱 5、 前拱 3和链条炉排 2分割的空 间为第一燃烧室 I； 后拱 5前段上部、 喷火板 1左侧、 炉膛 1上壁形成的空间 为第二燃烧室 II； 后拱 5后段上部与喷火板 7右侧、 炉膛本体 1上壁、 右侧壁 形成的空间为第三燃烧室 III。 喷火板 7 内设置有至少一个， 其形状为圆台型或 阶梯孔型的通火孔 8， 通火孔 8朝向前拱 3的一端孔径大于另一端的孔径， 所 述的炉胆 9通过管道与热回收装置 11连接， 热回收装置 11与三连塔脱硫除尘 器 12连接， 所述的三连塔脱硫除尘器 12上设置有烟气出口 13， 所述的后拱 5 的后段和喷火板 7 内设置有冷水管 6， 所述的冷水管 6 的一端与冷水箱 4连 接， 另一端与炉胆 9连接， 所述的冷水管 6呈平行线型或 S型设置。
后拱 5和喷火板 7中的水管数量可以根据后拱 5和喷火板 7的宽度以及冷 却需要确定， 其可以是 S型排布， 也可以是平行线型排布， 在实际应用中， 通 过水泵将冷水箱 4中的水泵入冷水管 6中， 冷却水从下往上流动， 通过后拱 5 和喷火板 7中的冷水管 6进入炉胆中， 从而对锅炉后拱 5和喷火板 7及喷火板 前方高温烟气进行有效冷却。
后拱 5中的冷水管 6对后拱 5具有支撑作用， 可提高后拱 5的强度； 后拱 5 内冷水管 6中的冷水能够降低后拱 5的温度， 提高后拱 5的使用寿命。 同时， 冷水经过后拱 5和喷火板 7后， 吸收的热量能够流入炉胆 14, 产生热效力， 增 加了锅炉的热效率。
后拱 5和喷火板 7中的冷水管 6都在后拱 5和喷火板 7内部设置， 避免炉 明 膛内火焰对冷水管的灼烧， 能够提高后冷水管的使用寿命。
后拱 5和喷火板 7中的冷水管 6可以选用但不局限于无缝钢管， 无缝钢管 具有高强度、 高抗氧化腐蚀性能， 并有良好的组织稳定性， 可以提高后拱 5和 喷火板 7中冷水管 6的强度和耐高温能力。
参见图 5和图 6: 后拱 5和喷火板 7中的冷水管 6可以采用平行线型排布、 S形布设， 也可以采用其他曲线形的布设方式。
参见图 3和图 4: 喷火板 7为一板体， 为耐高温水泥铸件， 高度 500-3000 毫米， 厚度为 50-750毫米， 通火孔 8 的形状为呈喇叭形示意图或呈阶梯型示 图； 通火孔 8朝向前拱 3的一端孔径 50-500毫米， 另一端的孔径为 20-200 在实际应用中， 燃煤从煤斗 10中平铺到链条炉排 2上， 链条炉排 2从前往 后输送煤块， 烟气先后在第一燃烧室 I、 第二燃烧室 II、 第三燃烧室 ΠΙ中燃 烧， 实现充分燃烧、 洁净燃烧和超净燃烧。 将一切可燃物燃尽， 提高燃烧效率 和热转化率， 减少 S02和 CHX等有害物的排放， 并可以减少炉渣的排放。
高温烟气将前拱 3、 后拱 5和喷火板 7的温度升到 1000°C以上， 前拱 3、 后 拱 5和喷火板 7在高温下会出现变酥， 强度降低， 影响炉拱的使用寿命。 前拱 3、 后拱 5和喷火板 7中的冷水管 6， 可以增加吸热面积， 调节炉温， 通过不断 流动的冷水将热量吸收带走， 从而能有效保护前拱 3、 后拱 5和喷火板 7， 使 其更加坚固， 延长使用寿命。 同时， 冷水管 6 中冷水从下向上流动时， 吸收了 热量， 并汇集到炉胆中， 增加了热效力。
热回收装置中有吸热装置， 内设传热钢管， 一半在水中， 一半在烟气中。 被加热的水汇集到热水中。 经过热回收的吸收烟气作用， 使烟气温度继续降 低。 最后进入三连塔脱硫除尘器， 进行脱硫、 脱硝、 及除尘处理。
本发明煤炭燃烧率 98. 8%, 热效率 88. 4%; 烟尘排放浓度 25. ½g/m3，是国 家标准的 1/3， 烟气黑度格林曼系数小于 1 ; 二氧化硫排放为 5. 95 mg/m3，仅是 国家标准的 1/150。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 包括炉膛本体（1 ) ， 炉膛本体（1 )上 部设置有炉胆 （9) , 下部设置有链条炉排（2) ， 所述的炉膛本体 （1 ) 内设置 有前拱（3)和后拱（5) ， 其特征在于： 所述的后拱（5)与炉胆（9)之间设置 有喷火板（7) ， 喷火板（7) 内设置有通火孔（8) ， 所述的后拱（5)的后段和 喷火板（7)内设置有冷水管（6)，所述的炉胆（9)通过管道与热回收装置（11 ) 连接， 热回收装置 （11 ) 与三连塔脱硫除尘器（12)连接。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的 通火孔（8) 朝向前拱 （3) 的一端孔径大于另一端的孔径。
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所 述的冷水管 （6) 的一端与冷水箱（4)连接， 另一端与炉胆（9)连接。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的 三连塔脱硫除尘器（12) 上设置有烟气出口 （13) 。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的 炉膛本体（1 ) 的一侧链条炉排（2)上设置有煤斗 （10) 。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的 通火孔（8)设置有至少一个， 其形状为圆台型或阶梯孔型。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的设置有新型喷火板的燃煤锅炉， 其特征在于： 所述的 冷水管 （6) 呈平行线型或 S型设置。
PCT/CN2011/001971 2011-11-16 2011-11-25 设置有喷火板的燃煤锅炉 WO2013071466A1 (zh)

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CN201779639U (zh) * 2010-07-23 2011-03-30 福建省建宁县联丰造纸有限公司 谷类燃烧锅炉系统中的锅炉体炉膛改进结构

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB318581A (en) * 1928-09-06 1930-05-08 Liptak Fire Brick Arch Company Improvements in and relating to water-cooled furnace arches
CN2517978Y (zh) * 2001-12-26 2002-10-23 李靖宇 冷却旋转活动拱燃烧室
CN1389667A (zh) * 2002-06-11 2003-01-08 呼玉民 水火管正反对流燃烧锅炉
CN101210688A (zh) * 2006-12-31 2008-07-02 顾利平 兼有对炉拱进行冷却功能的有机热载体燃煤链条锅炉
CN201074828Y (zh) * 2007-09-12 2008-06-18 张天国 一种锅炉用消烟助燃耐火砖
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