WO2013065845A1 - 電磁波透過用金属被膜、電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法及び車載用レーダ装置用のレドーム - Google Patents
電磁波透過用金属被膜、電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法及び車載用レーダ装置用のレドーム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013065845A1 WO2013065845A1 PCT/JP2012/078526 JP2012078526W WO2013065845A1 WO 2013065845 A1 WO2013065845 A1 WO 2013065845A1 JP 2012078526 W JP2012078526 W JP 2012078526W WO 2013065845 A1 WO2013065845 A1 WO 2013065845A1
- Authority
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electromagnetic wave
- metal
- metal film
- wave transmission
- metal coating
- Prior art date
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
- G01S2013/93272—Sensor installation details in the back of the vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/25—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
- Y10T428/256—Heavy metal or aluminum or compound thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating having electromagnetic wave transparency, a method of manufacturing an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating, and a radome for an on-vehicle radar device.
- an indium coating having a sea-island structure is provided on the surface of the substrate by a vacuum deposition method.
- the indium film having a sea-island structure can transmit electromagnetic waves due to the sea-island structure, and has an extremely fine sea-island structure and therefore has a sufficient metallic luster as a decorative metal film.
- the indium film having such a sea-island structure is used as a metal film for decorating a cover member (radome) of a millimeter wave radar device mounted on an automobile such as an emblem (for example, “Patent Document”). 1 ”and“ Patent Document 2 ”).
- the vacuum vapor deposition method requires equipment costs such as vacuum equipment, and the vacuum vapor deposition method requires film formation inside the vacuum vessel, so that the size of the substrate can be accommodated in the vacuum vessel. There were also restrictions such as being limited to. Moreover, since it is necessary to install a base material in a vacuum container each time and form a film, there is a problem that mass productivity is low.
- the millimeter wave radar device when a transmission wave is emitted in a predetermined angle range and a reception wave is received, the direction in which an obstacle exists is detected based on the angle at which the reception wave is received, and the transmission wave The relative speed between the obstacle and the like is detected on the basis of the time from when the light is emitted until the reception wave is received. At this time, when the electromagnetic wave is attenuated in the metal coating, a deviation occurs in the incident / incident angle of the transmission wave or the reception wave, and the position and relative speed of an obstacle or the like may not be detected with high accuracy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave transmission metal coating having a high mass productivity and an extremely low electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate, a method for manufacturing the electromagnetic wave transmission metal coating, and an in-vehicle radar device using the metal coating.
- the aim is to provide a radome.
- the present inventors have achieved the above-mentioned problems by adopting the following electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating, electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating manufacturing method and on-vehicle radar device. .
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is a metal film composed of more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ) provided on the surface of a substrate, and the adjacent fine metal regions are electrically It is characterized by being isolated.
- the fine metal films are adjacent to each other through an insulating channel (crack), and the insulating channel is distributed in a mesh shape.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal region is preferably 14.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the metal film is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission is preferably made of palladium or a palladium alloy.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission may have a metallic luster.
- a metal film is formed on the surface of a substrate, and the metal film is divided by internal stress remaining on the metal film, and is 10,000 per unit area (1 mm 2 ). It is characterized in that a metal film comprising an aggregate of more than fine metal regions is obtained.
- the method for producing an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating according to the present invention it is preferable to form a metal coating on the surface of the substrate so that the thickness of the metal coating is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- an electroless palladium plating solution or an electroless palladium alloy plating solution is used, and the surface of the base material is used. It is preferable to form a palladium coating or a palladium alloy coating on the substrate.
- a radome for an on-vehicle radar device is characterized by using a cover member provided with the above-mentioned metal film for transmitting electromagnetic waves on the surface of a base material.
- the electroless plating method unlike the case where a metal film having a sea-island structure is formed by a vacuum deposition method, mass production is possible, and equipment costs such as vacuum equipment are reduced. Can be reduced.
- the vacuum deposition method it is not necessary to form a film inside the vacuum vessel, so that the size of the base material on which the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating is provided is limited to a size that can be accommodated in the vacuum vessel. There are few restrictions on the size of the substrate.
- the electroless plating method since the electroless plating method is employed, there are few restrictions on the shape of the substrate, and a metal film having electromagnetic wave permeability can be provided even on a substrate having a complicated surface shape. Therefore, it is possible to provide a variety of products with a mass-productive metal coating that has a sufficient metallic luster and can transmit electromagnetic waves.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is configured as an aggregate of more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ).
- the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate of the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating can be set to approximately 0 dB. Therefore, the millimeter wave radar apparatus employing the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating according to the present invention has high directivity when transmitting and receiving transmitted waves and received waves, and can accurately detect the position and relative velocity of an obstacle. it can.
- Example 2 is a photomicrograph of the actual state in which the surface of the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in Example 1 is copied. It is a figure which shows the signal level of a received wave when a millimeter wave is transmitted / received via a radome. It is a figure which shows the signal level of a received wave when transmitting / receiving a millimeter wave through the radome to which the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission from which the average maximum width of a fine metal area differs is applied. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the average maximum width of a fine metal area
- 3 is a photomicrograph of the actual state in which the surface of the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating obtained in Example 2 is copied.
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of the actual state in which the surface of a metal coating film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in Comparative Example 1 is copied.
- 4 is an actual micrograph showing the surface of a metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of the actual state in which the surface of a metal coating film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in Comparative Example 3 is copied. 6 is a photomicrograph of an actual state in which the surface of a metal coating film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in Comparative Example 4 is copied.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is a metal film comprising an aggregate of more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ) provided on the surface of a substrate through an electrolytic plating process, The fine metal regions adjacent to each other are electrically isolated. As shown in FIG. 1, fine metal regions adjacent to each other are electrically isolated by insulating channels (cracks), and the insulating channels are distributed in a mesh shape in plan view.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is configured as an aggregate of countless fine metal regions surrounded by an insulating channel.
- FIG. 1 An insulating channels
- the insulating channel is a fine region visually recognized as a black line, and the fine metal region is a white region having a predetermined area surrounded by these insulating channels.
- the insulating channel is a fine region visually recognized as a black line
- the fine metal region is a white region having a predetermined area surrounded by these insulating channels.
- a description will be given mainly by taking a metal film for millimeter wave transmission capable of transmitting millimeter waves incident / incident from a millimeter wave radar device mounted on an automobile or the like as an example.
- Metal coating is an aggregate of extremely fine metal regions surrounded by fine insulating channels as described above, and the surface of the base material is discontinuously covered with these fine metal regions. .
- the fine metal region is provided on the surface of the base material in excess of 10,000 per unit area (1 mm 2 ). Distributing more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ) on the surface of the substrate is preferable because the transmission attenuation rate of electromagnetic waves can be reduced to approximately 0 dB. Moreover, by distributing fine metal regions exceeding 10,000 per unit area (1 mm 2 ) on the surface of the base material, both the fine metal regions and the insulating channels can be made extremely fine, and the size thereof is also It can be made substantially uniform. For this reason, it becomes possible to distribute a very fine metal area
- the number of fine metal regions distributed on the surface of the substrate is 10,000 or less per unit area (1 mm 2 )
- part of the electromagnetic waves may be absorbed or reflected by the metal coating, and the transmission attenuation factor is 0 dB. It is not preferable because it becomes difficult to achieve the above.
- a millimeter wave radar device using such a metal coating on a radome detects a direction in which a received wave is received by detecting a deviation in an incident / incident angle as will be described later. Because there is a fear, it is not preferable.
- the width of the insulating channel tends to increase, and when the insulating channel becomes visible, the metal coating can be used for decorative purposes. Since it becomes impossible, it is not preferable.
- Average maximum width of fine metal region In the present invention, by reducing the maximum width of the fine metal region to a predetermined size or less according to the maximum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave to be transmitted, the electromagnetic wave having the maximum wavelength or less is absorbed by the metal film. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent reflection and transmit the electromagnetic wave having the wavelength without attenuation.
- the maximum width of the fine metal region here refers to, for example, the distance between the longest ends when the distance from one end to the other end of the fine metal region to be measured is measured. Further, the diameter obtained by calculating the diameter of a circle equal to the area of the fine metal region by using an image processing device or the like may be set as the maximum width.
- the number of fine metal regions present per unit area (1 mm 2 ) and the area occupied by the fine metal region are obtained using an image processing apparatus, thereby obtaining the average area of the fine metal region, By obtaining the diameter of a circle equal to the average area by calculation, this can be set as the average maximum width of the fine metal region.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal regions is 14.1 ⁇ m. This corresponds to the length of the diagonal line when each fine metal region has a square shape with a side length of 10 ⁇ m.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal region is 14.1 ⁇ m or less (or the average length of one side when each fine metal region is assumed to be square) is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the transmission attenuation factor of an electromagnetic wave having a frequency smaller than that of the millimeter wave can be set to 0 dB.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal region exceeds 14.1 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to make the distribution ratio of the fine metal region within the above range, and a part of the electromagnetic wave is absorbed or reflected, and the electromagnetic wave is attenuated.
- the millimeter wave refers to an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm and a frequency of 30 GHz to 300 GHz.
- the millimeter wave radar apparatus mainly uses an electromagnetic wave of 76.5 GHz, and in the future, an electromagnetic wave frequency band near 81 GHz. Are also in the direction of use.
- the millimeter wave radar apparatus using mainly the electromagnetic wave of 76.5 GHz will be described, but the electromagnetic wave that can be transmitted through the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal film is not limited to the frequency of 76.5 GHz. Of course, electromagnetic waves of various frequencies can be transmitted.
- FIG. 2 shows a signal waveform of the received wave received when the transmission wave (millimeter wave) is emitted within an angular range of ⁇ 12.5 degrees from the center position in the millimeter wave radar apparatus.
- Arrow A shows the signal waveform when the millimeter wave enters and exits without the radome
- arrow B shows the signal waveform when the millimeter wave enters and exits in the same manner with the radome interposed.
- the radome refers to a dome-shaped exterior member having electromagnetic wave permeability for protecting an antenna provided in the millimeter wave radar device, an internal electronic device, and the like.
- FIG. 3 shows a metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission having an average maximum width of the fine metal region of 14.1 ⁇ m or less (arrow B), a metal film having an average maximum width of 20 ⁇ m of the fine metal region (arrow C), and an average maximum of the fine metal region.
- the signal waveform of the received wave measured in the same manner as in FIG.
- an arrow A indicates a signal waveform of a received wave when a millimeter wave enters and exits without a radome.
- the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate of the metal film is approximately 0 dB. Therefore, it is considered that the decrease in the signal level of the received wave indicated by the arrow B and the deviation generated in the signal waveform are caused by the base material or the shape of the base material. For this reason, it is possible to accurately detect the position where an obstacle or the like exists by correcting the reception angle based on the deviation of the signal waveform caused by the base material or the like in advance.
- the electromagnetic wave transmittance is not 0 dB. Therefore, the electromagnetic wave is attenuated also in the metal film by entering and exiting the millimeter wave through the metal film. If the signal level of the received wave is reduced and the electromagnetic wave transmittance is not 0 dB, the transmittance varies depending on the location, and the deviation of the center position of the signal waveform increases. At this time, since it is difficult to make the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate uniform over the entire surface of the radome, the degree of decrease in the signal level of the received wave and the deviation in the reception angle vary depending on the direction in which the millimeter wave enters and exits. Is likely to occur.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal region is preferably 14.1 ⁇ m or less.
- an insulating channel refers to a gap separating fine metal regions, and electrically isolates adjacent fine metal regions as described above. As will be described later, this insulating channel is formed by cracks caused by residual internal stress after a continuous metal film is formed on the surface of the substrate by electroless plating.
- the width of the insulating channel is not particularly limited, but is required to be a width that can provide more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ). In addition, the width of the insulating channel is sufficient to electrically insulate the individual fine metal regions from each other so that insulation between the adjacent fine metal regions can be achieved, i.e., a short circuit between adjacent fine metal regions. It is required that the width does not occur.
- the width of the insulating channel is preferably such that it cannot be seen with the naked eye.
- the metal film has a maximum film thickness of 1 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the metal coating is less than 0.01 ⁇ m, the glossiness is lowered, and there is a case where sufficient metallic luster cannot be expressed in appearance.
- the film thickness of the metal film exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, it becomes difficult to provide an infinite number of fine insulating channels when forming the metal film by the electroless plating method as described later. It becomes difficult to form more than 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ).
- the film thickness of the metal coating is more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the metal coating described above may be formed from any metal as long as it is a metal that can be deposited by an electroless plating method and can form the above-described configuration.
- the metal coating is composed of palladium or a palladium alloy for the following reason.
- the palladium alloy include palladium-phosphorus, palladium-nickel, palladium-nickel-phosphorus, and palladium-cobalt.
- Palladium or a palladium alloy is a metal having a relatively high internal stress, and after forming a metal film by an electroless plating method, an infinite number of fine insulating channels can be formed in the metal film using residual stress. it can. Since palladium is a noble metal, it is less likely to be oxidized than nickel or tin, and is less likely to discolor to the environment.
- the substrate according to the present invention will be described.
- Various materials such as resin, ceramics, paper, glass, and fiber can be used as the base material on which the metal coating is provided.
- the resin either a thermoplastic insulating resin or a thermosetting insulating resin may be used, and the material of the resin used as the substrate is not particularly limited.
- insulating resins that can be used as base materials include ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) resin, AES (acrylonitrile-ethylene-styrene) resin, acrylic resin, polyacetal resin, polyamide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyimide resin, polyurethane Resin, polyester resin, polyethylene resin, polyethylene naphthalate resin, polyether sulfone, polyether ether ketone, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), polyvinyl chloride resin, polyolefin resin, polycarbonate resin, polystyrene resin, polysulfone resin, cellulose resin, polyphenylene sulfide Examples thereof include resins. However, these various listed resins are only examples, and in the present invention, various thermoplastic insulating resins and thermosetting insulating resins can be used as the base material.
- the shape of the base material described above is not particularly limited, and a three-dimensional shape such as a plate material, a sheet material, a film material, or the like, or an automobile emblem described above can also be used. Since the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is obtained by an electroless plating method, the metal film is accurately formed on the entire surface of the substrate even if the substrate has a complicated three-dimensional shape. be able to.
- Underlayer When the metal film is formed on the surface of the substrate by electroless plating, for example, various underlayers for modifying the surface of the substrate can be provided.
- the internal stress remaining in the metal film is used to generate cracks.
- a base layer having elasticity and good adhesion between the two.
- an acrylic resin or a urethane resin is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a varnish, and the varnish is applied to the surface of the substrate, followed by drying or UV curing. can do.
- ⁇ Method for producing metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission Next, the manufacturing method of the said metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission is demonstrated.
- a metal film is formed on the surface of a base material, and a crack is generated in the metal film due to internal stress remaining in the metal film, resulting in a unit area (1 mm 2 ). It is characterized in that a metal film comprising an aggregate of fine metal regions exceeding 10,000 per minute is obtained.
- the present invention is characterized in that it does not have a special treatment for finely dividing the metal coating when obtaining a metal coating for electromagnetic wave transmission as an aggregate of fine metal regions.
- the metal film can be formed, there is no limitation regarding a specific procedure of the electroless plating method.
- the base material is dipped in a tin-palladium mixed catalyst solution generally called a catalyst solution, washed with water, then dipped in an accelerator (accelerator) made of 5 vol% to 10 vol% sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid,
- an accelerator accelerator
- a metal film can be formed on the surface of the base by a normal procedure such as depositing metal using palladium adsorbed on the surface as a catalyst.
- a metal film is simply formed on the surface of a base material for the purpose of decoration or the like by a normal electroless plating method, the following points are different.
- Discontinuous non-conductive coating In the present invention, after a metal coating is formed on the surface of the substrate by electroless plating, it is fine due to internal stress remaining in the metal coating in a post-treatment process such as a water washing process or a drying process. It is characterized in that a small crack is generated and the insulating channel referred to in the present invention is formed in a mesh shape.
- the drying step may be natural drying or may be a step of drying at a temperature that does not affect the base material with heat.
- Immersion time In the normal electroless plating method, the substrate is sufficiently immersed in the electroless plating bath until a completely continuous conductive film is formed on the surface of the substrate. It is not necessary to obtain a completely continuous conductive film, and the immersion time can be shortened as compared with a normal case.
- the immersion time of the substrate varies depending on the specific bath composition, the metal salt concentration of the bath, etc., but is preferably in the range of 30 seconds to 90 seconds. By setting the time for immersing the substrate in the electroless plating bath within the range, in the subsequent post-treatment process, the internal stress remaining on the metal film causes innumerable cracks on the surface of the metal film. More than 10,000 fine metal regions can be provided per unit area (1 mm 2 ).
- the immersion time when the immersion time is less than 30 seconds, it is not preferable because fine cracks cannot be sufficiently generated and the number of fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ) is 10,000 or less. .
- the immersion time exceeds 90 seconds, a metal film having cracks on the surface of the substrate can be obtained, but the cracks can be visually recognized with the naked eye, and the decorativeness is reduced, which is preferable in terms of appearance. Absent.
- the immersion time exceeds 90 seconds when the immersion time exceeds 90 seconds, the thickness of the deposited metal film increases, and as a result, it becomes difficult to form a metal film having a fine metal region exceeding 10,000 per unit area (1 mm 2 ). Therefore, it is not preferable.
- an electromagnetic wave transmissive metal film according to the present invention immediately after the substrate is lifted from the electroless plating bath, even if it is a continuous film, it undergoes a post-treatment step such as a washing step or a drying step. Thereby, the discontinuous impermeable metal film as an aggregate
- Electroless plating bath As the electroless plating bath, an existing electroless plating bath containing a metal (including alloy) salt deposited on the substrate surface, a reducing agent, or the like can be employed. As described above, the metal coating is preferably made of a metal having a high internal stress such as palladium or a palladium alloy. In this case, it is preferable to use an electroless palladium plating bath or an electroless palladium alloy plating bath.
- conditioning treatment pre-dip treatment using cleaning treatment such as degreasing treatment such as acid / alkali washing, commercially available chemicals, etc.
- cleaning treatment such as degreasing treatment such as acid / alkali washing, commercially available chemicals, etc.
- cleaning treatment such as degreasing treatment such as acid / alkali washing, commercially available chemicals, etc.
- various pretreatments such as these may be performed.
- the surface of the substrate is smooth and the catalyst does not adhere well, the surface of the substrate is roughened by mechanical treatment, chemical treatment or optical treatment (UV treatment, plasma treatment, etc.) You may perform preprocessing, such as doing. Moreover, in order to improve the catalyst adhesion ability of a base material, you may provide the base layer formed using the hydrophilic resin material mentioned above.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention described above can be suitably used as a metal film for decorating the cover member (radome) of the millimeter wave radar device.
- the in-vehicle radar device (not shown) according to the present invention receives a transmission means for transmitting millimeter waves as a transmission wave and a radio wave reflected by an object such as a preceding vehicle as a reception wave.
- Such an in-vehicle radar device is generally arranged on the back side of the exterior member of the vehicle, such as the back side of the front grille of the vehicle.
- an in-vehicle radar device is arranged at the center of the front grille in the vehicle width direction or behind the emblem and the front grille.
- an emblem or / and a front grill are employ
- the emblem has a layer structure in which, for example, a background color coating layer including a masking portion and a metal coating layer according to the present invention are sequentially laminated on the back side of a transparent base material such as polycarbonate resin. be able to.
- the metal film provided on the masked design portion can be observed from the surface side of the substrate. Therefore, when the emblem is observed from the surface side of the substrate, it appears that the metal film is provided only on the design portion.
- the metal coating layer is preferably provided with a protective film for protecting the metal coating. Since the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is configured as an aggregate of extremely fine metal regions, a certain limit occurs in the adhesion strength to the substrate surface. However, by providing the protective film, it is possible to prevent the metal film for transmitting electromagnetic waves from peeling off from the surface of the base material.
- the metal coating according to the present invention may be provided on the surface of the base material formed into a shape representing the emblem.
- a layer configuration in which a metal film, a design coating layer, and a topcoat layer according to the present invention are sequentially provided on the surface of a substrate formed in a predetermined shape representing an emblem can be employed.
- an opaque base material can be used because the metal coating is not provided on the back surface side of the base material but the metal coating is provided on the surface of the base material.
- the base material for example, ABS resin, AES resin, polycarbonate resin, cycloolefin polymer and the like can be used.
- the metal coating is sandwiched between the base material and the design coating layer or the top coat layer, even if a certain limit occurs in the adhesion strength between the metal coating and the base material, the surface of the base material It is possible to prevent the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission from peeling off.
- the front grille may be configured such that the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention is provided on the surface of the resin base material formed in the shape of the front grille.
- a front grill can be produced in the same manner as a conventionally known method except that the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal film according to the present invention is provided on the surface of the resin base material.
- the equipment cost of the vacuum equipment and the like can be reduced unlike the case where the metal film having the sea-island structure is formed by the vacuum evaporation method. .
- the vacuum deposition method it is not necessary to form a film inside the vacuum vessel, so that the size of the base material on which the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating is provided is limited to a size that can be accommodated in the vacuum vessel. There are few restrictions on the size of the substrate.
- the electroless plating method since the electroless plating method is adopted, there are few restrictions on the shape of the base material, and it is possible to provide an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal film composed of an aggregate of fine metal regions even on a base material having a complicated surface shape. it can. Therefore, it is possible to provide a variety of products with a low-cost and high-mass productivity metal coating that has a sufficient metallic luster in appearance and can transmit electromagnetic waves.
- the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate of the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission is set to approximately 0 dB by distributing over 10,000 fine metal regions per unit area (1 mm 2 ) on the surface of the base material. be able to. Therefore, since there is no variation in the transmittance of the radome area covering the radar area, the millimeter wave radar apparatus employing the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating according to the present invention has an incident / incident angle when transmitting and receiving transmitted and received waves. Therefore, the position and relative speed of an obstacle or the like can be accurately detected.
- the above-described embodiment is an aspect of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the embodiment can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the cover member and the like disposed on the millimeter wave path of the millimeter wave radar apparatus have been mainly described as the electromagnetic wave transmission metal film.
- the electromagnetic wave transmission metal film according to the present invention is a millimeter wave radar.
- the present invention is not limited to the use for decorating the cover member of the apparatus.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention selectively controls electromagnetic waves of various wavelengths by appropriately adjusting the number of fine metal regions per unit area, the average maximum width of the fine metal regions, and the like. Can penetrate.
- Example 1 a polycarbonate sheet of 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm was used as the base material.
- An undercoat layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was formed by spray-coating a coating solution obtained by diluting an acrylic resin with a solvent on one surface of the substrate and then curing the coating with UV.
- the base material on which the underlayer was formed was subjected to alkali degreasing at 60 ° C. Thereafter, it was immersed in a commercially available conditioning solution for 2 minutes at 45 ° C., and then immersed in 0.3 g / L of a tin-palladium aqueous solution for 2 minutes at 45 ° C.
- the substrate was immersed in a 10% sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 45 ° C. for 1 minute. Then, through the above-described steps, the base material on which palladium metal as a catalyst is adsorbed on the underlayer is immersed for 40 seconds in an electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath having the following bath composition adjusted to 40 ° C. A metal film composed of palladium-phosphorus was formed on the surface of the formation.
- one side average length is 5.7 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the time for immersing the substrate in the electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath was changed to 70 seconds. At this time, the distribution ratio of the fine metal region provided on the surface of the substrate is 10203 / mm 2 , the average maximum width of the fine metal region is 13.9 ⁇ m (one side average length: 9.9 ⁇ m), and the film The thickness was 0.055 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the substrate was immersed in the following electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath, the bath temperature was changed to 50 ° C., and the immersion time was changed to 30 seconds. A coating was obtained. At this time, the distribution ratio of the fine metal region provided on the surface of the base material was 3614 / mm 2 , and the average maximum width of the fine metal region was 23.5 ⁇ m (one side average length: 5.7 ⁇ m).
- Comparative Example 2 an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the time for immersing the substrate in the electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath was changed to 70 seconds. At this time, the distribution ratio of the fine metal region provided on the surface of the substrate was 496 / mm 2 , and the average maximum width of the fine metal region was 63.5 ⁇ m (one side average length: 45.0 ⁇ m).
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, an electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath similar to that in Comparative Example 1 was used except that thiodiglycolic acid was not added, and a metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 under the other conditions. . At this time, the distribution ratio of the fine metal region provided on the surface of the substrate was 2267 / mm 2 , and the average maximum width of the fine metal region was 21.0 ⁇ m (one side average length: 14.9 ⁇ m).
- Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 5, an electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3, except that the time for immersing the substrate in the electroless palladium-phosphorus alloy plating bath was changed to 70 seconds. At this time, the distribution ratio of the fine metal region provided on the surface of the base material was 887 / mm 2 , and the average maximum width of the fine metal region was 47.5 ⁇ m (one side average length: 33.7 ⁇ m).
- the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation amount at 76.6 GHz of the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was measured using a network analyzer manufactured by Agilent. At the time of measurement, first, the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation amount of the polycarbonate base material itself was measured, and then the entire sample (base material + electromagnetic wave transmitting metal film) obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was measured. The electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation was measured. Then, the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation amount of the base material itself was subtracted from the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation amount of each sample, and the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation amount of the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission itself obtained in each Example and Comparative Example was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a graph showing the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate with respect to the average maximum width of the fine metal region.
- the distribution rate and average maximum width of the fine metal region constituting the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission have a negative correlation with the electromagnetic wave transmission attenuation rate, and the distribution rate of the fine metal region is 10,000.
- the average maximum width of the fine metal region is 14.1 ⁇ m or less exceeding / mm 2 , it was confirmed that the transmission attenuation factor of electromagnetic waves is approximately 0 dB.
- the electromagnetic wave transmission metal coating obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 and the electromagnetic wave transmission metal coating obtained in Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 4 were compared. Then, it can be confirmed that the metal coating obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 has a smaller area of each fine metal region and a smaller average maximum width. In addition, since the distribution ratio of the fine metal regions is high, it can be seen that there is little variation in the size between the fine metal regions.
- the size of each fine metal region varies, for example, transmission of millimeter waves As the attenuation factor increases, the possibility of variations in the transmission attenuation factor in the plane increases. As a result, as described with reference to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, a deviation occurs in the incident angle of the millimeter wave, making it difficult to accurately detect the position where an obstacle or the like exists.
- the electromagnetic wave transmitting metal coating obtained in this example can be incident and incident in a pre-designed direction for both the transmitted wave and the received wave transmitted and received by the millimeter wave radar device. It becomes possible to detect the relative speed with high accuracy.
- the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission according to the present invention employs an electroless plating method, so that the metal film for electromagnetic wave transmission having various shapes can be obtained by having a sufficient metallic luster in appearance and transmitting electromagnetic waves. It can be provided on the surface of the substrate. Therefore, it is possible to provide a metal film that has a sufficient metallic luster in appearance and can transmit electromagnetic waves in various products with high productivity.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本件発明に係る電磁波透過用金属被膜について説明する。本件発明に係る電磁波透過用金属被膜は、基材の表面に電解めっき工程を経て設けられた、単位面積(1mm2)当たり10000個を超える微細金属領域の集合体から成る金属被膜であって、互いに隣接する微細金属領域が電気的に隔離されていることを特徴とする。図1に示すように、互いに隣接する微細金属領域は絶縁チャネル(クラック)により、電気的に隔離されており、当該絶縁チャネルは平面視において網目状に分布している。このように、本件発明に係る電磁波透過用金属被膜は、絶縁チャネルに囲まれた無数の微細金属領域の集合体として構成されたものである。なお、図1において、絶縁チャネルは黒い線状に視認される微細な領域であり、微細金属領域はこれらの絶縁チャネルに囲まれた白く所定の面積を有する領域である。以下、金属被膜、基材の順に説明する。なお、本実施の形態では、主として、自動車等に搭載されるミリ波レーダ装置から出入射するミリ波を透過可能なミリ波透過用の金属被膜を例に挙げて説明する。
本件発明に係る金属被膜は、上述のとおり、微細な絶縁チャネルにより囲まれた極めて微細な金属領域の集合体であり、基材の表面がこれらの微細金属領域により不連続に被覆される。
次に、上記電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法を説明する。本件発明に係る電磁波透過用金属皮膜の製造方法は、基材の表面に金属被膜を形成し、当該金属被膜に残留した内部応力により当該金属被膜にクラックを生じさせて、単位面積(1mm2)当たり10000個を超える微細金属領域の集合体から成る金属被膜を得ることを特徴とする。このように、本件発明では、微細金属領域の集合体としての電磁波透過用金属被膜を得る際に金属被膜を微細に分割させるための特別な処理を有していないことを特徴としている。すなわち、本件発明によれば、熱処理等の方法により、金属被膜にクラックを生じさせる方法を採用していないため、例えば、樹脂製の基材を採用した場合であっても、基材に対して熱の影響が及ぶのを防止することができ、且つ、形状の均一なムラのない金属被膜を形成することができる。
以上説明した本件発明に係る電磁波透過用金属被膜は、ミリ波レーダ装置のカバー部材(レドーム)を装飾する金属被膜として好適に用いることができる。
塩化パラジウム :0.01M(mol/L)
次亜リン酸ナトリウム :0.2M
チオジグリコール酸 :3.0g/L
比較例1では、基材を以下の無電解パラジウム-リン合金めっき浴に浸漬し、浴温を50℃、浸漬時間を30秒に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして電磁波透過用金属被膜を得た。このとき基材の表面に設けられた微細金属領域の分布率は3614/mm2であり、当該微細金属領域の平均最大幅は23.5μm(一辺平均長さ:5.7μm)であった。
塩化パラジウム :0.01M(mol/L)
次亜リン酸ナトリウム :0.2M
チオジグリコール酸 :200mg/L
比較例2では、基材を無電解パラジウム-リン合金めっき浴に浸漬する時間を70秒に変更した以外は、比較例1と同様にして電磁波透過用金属被膜を得た。このとき基材の表面に設けられた微細金属領域の分布率は496/mm2であり、当該微細金属領域の平均最大幅は63.5μm(一辺平均長さ:45.0μm)であった。
比較例3では、チオジグリコール酸を添加しない以外は比較例1と同様の無電解パラジウムーリン合金めっき浴を採用し、他条件は比較例1と同様にして電磁波透過用金属被膜を得た。このとき基材の表面に設けられた微細金属領域の分布率は2267/mm2であり、当該微細金属領域の平均最大幅は21.0μm(一辺平均長さ:14.9μm)であった。
比較例5では、基材を無電解パラジウムーリン合金めっき浴に浸漬する時間を70秒に変更した以外は、比較例3と同様にして電磁波透過用金属被膜を得た。このとき基材の表面に設けられた微細金属領域の分布率は887/mm2であり、当該微細金属領域の平均最大幅は47.5μm(一辺平均長さ:33.7μm)であった。
各実施例及び比較例で得た電磁波透過用金属被膜の76.6GHzにおける電磁波透過減衰量をアジレント社製 ネットワークアナライザーを用いて測定した。測定の際には、まず、ポリカーボネート製の基材自体の電磁波透過減衰量を測定しておき、次に、各実施例及び比較例において得た試料(基材+電磁波透過用金属被膜)全体の電磁波透過減衰量を測定した。そして、各試料の電磁波透過減衰量から基材自体の電磁波透過減衰量を差し引き、各実施例及び比較例で得た電磁波透過用金属被膜自体の電磁波透過減衰量を求めた。結果を表1に示す。また、微細金属領域の平均最大幅に対して、電磁波透過減衰率を示したグラフを図4に示す。
Claims (10)
- 基材の表面に無電解めっき工程を経て設けられた、単位面積(1mm2)当たり10000個を超える微細金属領域から成る金属被膜であって、互いに隣接する微細金属領域が電気的に隔離されていることを特徴とする電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 前記微細金属領域は絶縁チャネルを介して互いに隣接し、当該絶縁チャネルは網目状に分布する請求項1に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 前記微細金属領域の平均最大幅は、14.1μm以下である請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 前記金属被膜の膜厚は、1μm以下である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 当該金属被膜は、パラジウム又はパラジウム合金から成るものである請求項1~請求項4のいずれかに一項に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 当該金属被膜は、金属光沢を有するものである請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜。
- 無電解めっき法により、基材の表面に金属被膜を形成し、当該金属被膜に残留した内部応力により当該金属被膜を分割させて、単位面積(1mm2)当たり10000個を超える微細金属領域の集合体から成る金属被膜を得ること、
を特徴とする電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法。 - 前記金属被膜の厚みが1μm以下となるように、前記基材の表面に金属被膜を形成する請求項7に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法。
- 前記金属被膜を無電解めっき法により形成する際には、無電解パラジウムめっき液又は無電解パラジウム合金めっき液を用い、前記基材の表面にパラジウム被膜又はパラジウム合金被膜を形成する請求項7又は請求項8に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜の製造方法。
- 請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の電磁波透過用金属被膜を基材の表面に備えたカバー部材を用いることを特徴とする車載用レーダ装置用のレドーム。
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JP2013095997A (ja) | 2013-05-20 |
EP2775011A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
US9919493B2 (en) | 2018-03-20 |
CN103958735A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
EP2775011A1 (en) | 2014-09-10 |
KR20140097147A (ko) | 2014-08-06 |
CN103958735B (zh) | 2017-04-05 |
EP2775011B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
JP5665234B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
US20140313100A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
KR101889044B1 (ko) | 2018-08-20 |
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