WO2013064042A1 - 一种稻谷制米工艺及装置 - Google Patents

一种稻谷制米工艺及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013064042A1
WO2013064042A1 PCT/CN2012/083643 CN2012083643W WO2013064042A1 WO 2013064042 A1 WO2013064042 A1 WO 2013064042A1 CN 2012083643 W CN2012083643 W CN 2012083643W WO 2013064042 A1 WO2013064042 A1 WO 2013064042A1
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Prior art keywords
rice
brown rice
peeling
machine
brown
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PCT/CN2012/083643
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王洪福
王毅
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Wang Hongfu
Wang Yi
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Priority to US14/355,495 priority Critical patent/US20140356513A1/en
Priority to EP12845198.6A priority patent/EP2786804A4/en
Publication of WO2013064042A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013064042A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B5/00—Grain treatment not otherwise provided for
    • B02B5/02—Combined processes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/143—Cereal granules or flakes to be cooked and eaten hot, e.g. oatmeal; Reformed rice products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B1/00—Preparing grain for milling or like processes
    • B02B1/04—Wet treatment, e.g. washing, wetting, softening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02B—PREPARING GRAIN FOR MILLING; REFINING GRANULAR FRUIT TO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS BY WORKING THE SURFACE
    • B02B3/00—Hulling; Husking; Decorticating; Polishing; Removing the awns; Degerming

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the rice processing technology, and particularly relates to a rice rice production process and device, which uses the stirring and peeling process to replace the existing rice milling process, and is particularly suitable for the production line of rice peeling and peeling rice.
  • Rice grain consists of two parts: ying (commonly known as rice husk) and caryopsis (also known as brown rice after processing the rice husk).
  • the caryopsis is composed of three parts: cortex, endosperm and embryo.
  • the so-called rice processing refers to the process in which the rice is removed from the rice husk and the cortex becomes a rice dominated by pure endosperm.
  • the existing rice processing process is generally carried out by cleaning, glutinous (ie, shelling) and underarm separation (including separation of rice from rice husk and separation of rice and brown rice) and rice milling (the prior art generally uses a rice mill to remove it).
  • the cortex and germ of brown rice are composed of 3 sections.
  • Some advanced companies set up finished products (including white rice grading, selection and polishing finishing) and by-product processing sections (referring to separating the whole rice, broken rice and rice bran in rice bran) after the rice milling section.
  • the main product of the rice processing industry is rice (modern enterprises are mainly whole grain rice), the semi-finished products of the rice milling section are called white rice, and the by-products include broken rice (the grain size produced by the rice milling section is larger than the length of the brown rice grain 1/3).
  • Complete rice rice bran (incomplete grain with a grain size smaller than 1/3 of the length of brown rice), rice bran (a mixture of skin produced in the rice milling section and a small mixture of rice and rice bran), rice husk and Rice embryo.
  • the output rate of the main product was evaluated by the roughing whole rice rate (refers to the percentage of the whole rice grains produced in the rice milling section to the percentage of brown rice entering the rice milling section).
  • the quality of the main product is evaluated by the rice precision index.
  • the accuracy of the rice mainly depends on the degree of skin peeling on the surface of the rice grain. The less the skin is, the higher the precision is. Due to the low shear resistance and bending strength of brown rice, the strength along the long axis is 1 to 2 times lower than the short axis direction (because the long axis length of brown rice is 1.5 to 4 times the short axis), especially the brown rice grain.
  • the rate (referred to as the percentage of broken rice in finished rice) is much higher than that of other grains. Therefore, the commonly used broken rice rate indirectly reflects the rate of the main product.
  • Rice is used to grind almost all the layers of brown rice with a rice mill.
  • the typical iron roller rice milling machine consists of a feeding device, a screw conveyor, a horizontally mounted cylindrical rice sieve, a cylindrical roller with a convex outer ring installed at the axial center of the sieve cylinder, and a flat steel fixed with a sieve plate.
  • the screw conveyor pushes the brown rice into the whitening chamber and forms an average pressure of 200-1000 g/cm2 in the whitening chamber (industry terminology, whitening pressure).
  • the roller rotates and grinds the brown rice grain, and the ribs and the whitening chamber are arranged on the roller to force the brown rice grain to be turned over, and the grinding force is greatly improved, so as to achieve the purpose of crushing the brown rice skin layer.
  • Due to the low strength of the brown rice cortex the strength of the brown rice kernel is low, and there is often a bursting phenomenon. Most of the rice milling process can remove most of the brown rice cortex, but the broken rice rate is too high, so the prior art mostly adopts 2 to 3 Road milling process.
  • the existing rice-based rice technology using rice milling has the following shortcomings: (1) Due to the lack of structure and performance of the rice milling machine and the low strength of the brown rice and the frequent bursting of the waist, the broken rice rate during the rice milling process is as high as 25% to 40%. The high rate of broken rice is the biggest shortcoming of the prior art. (2) The brown rice grain entering the whitening area of the rice milling machine can only be stripped of the cortex after repeated high-strength friction or milling of the roller during the process of about 0.4 m. Therefore, the energy consumption of the rice milling section is high, and the temperature rise of the produced product. Large, finished rice has reduced food quality. (3) The structure and performance of the rice milling machine are determined.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a rice processing process and apparatus for stripping brown rice skin by a method of stirring and peeling.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the invention relates to a rice-making process, which comprises a brown rice peeling process, wherein the brown rice peeling process comprises a water and a stirring and peeling process.
  • Brown rice can be obtained by the following conventional procedures, such as cleaning (the cleaning process consists of primary cleaning, air separation, re-cleaning, magnetic separation and stone removal), separation of glutinous rice, chaff separation and grain separation.
  • the agitation and peeling process may be repeated 1-4 times according to the actual conditions of the production line, and the peeled skin layer is removed by air selection or screening after repeated agitation and peeling.
  • the watering process is to add water to the brown rice by 0.5-2.5% by weight of the brown rice, the water temperature is 10-60 ° C (preferably 25-60 ° C), and the brown rice is sent within 10 min after the water is applied.
  • the processing is carried out in the agitation and stripping process, and the height of the brown rice is controlled to be 0.3-2 m during the agitation and peeling, and the stirrer is used for stirring and stripping, and the stirring bar speed of the mixer is controlled to be 1-6 m/s.
  • a rice-rice process has a process of initial clearing ⁇ wind selection ⁇ into the hairy barn ⁇ recovering ⁇ magnetic separation ⁇ de-stone ⁇ into the net barn ⁇ the valley ⁇ the separation of the crust ⁇ the separation of the grain ⁇ the brown rice ⁇ Water ⁇ agitation and peeling ⁇ wind selection or screening ⁇ white rice classification ⁇ into the finished product warehouse.
  • the device for realizing the rice rice production process comprises a primary cleaning sieve, a first vertical suction channel, a first suction air separator, a hair barn, a vibrating screen, a second vertical suction channel, a magnetic separator, Stone machine, net barn, glutinous rice machine, chaff separator, grain separation sieve, spray water machine, mixing and peeling machine, second suction type air separator, white rice classifier and finished product warehouse;
  • the upper air inlet of the suction duct, the first suction air sorter, the second vertical suction duct and the stone removing machine are connected with the first wind net device;
  • the upper port of the chaff separator is connected with the second wind net device,
  • the upper port of the two-suction air sorter is connected to the helium separator, and the upper port of the helium separator is connected with the third air net device;
  • the first, second and third wind net devices are all equipped by a fan, a centrifugal dust collector and a closed The wind is
  • the number of the agitating and peeling machine and the second suction type air sorting machine can be increased by 1-4 according to the actual situation of the production line.
  • the purpose of the water is to allow moisture to enter the brown rice rind and separate the brown rice rind from the endothelium or endosperm.
  • Water needs to pay attention to the temperature of the water, the amount of water added, and the time of watering.
  • the water temperature of the water is usually controlled between 10 and 60 ° C. Generally, the use of normal temperature water can achieve a better peeling effect. A slight warming can make the water penetrate into the brown rice epidermis faster, which is more conducive to the separation of the outer skin. However, if the temperature is too high, such as more than 60 ° C, not only will consume too much coal, but high temperatures above 60 °C may damage and mature the protein in brown rice, destroying the quality of brown rice.
  • the amount of water is preferably controlled to be 0.5-2.5% of the weight of the brown rice. If the amount of water is too much when the water is used, the strength of the rice will be lowered, so that the problem of high broken rice rate and excessive moisture content of the finished rice is likely to occur during the peeling process. In order to prevent the moisture absorbed by the brown rice cortex from transferring to the brown rice endosperm and affecting the peeling effect, it should be sent to the agitation and peeling process within 10 minutes after the brown rice is wetted by water to start stirring and peeling.
  • the stirring strength and the peeling effect are controlled by adjusting the line speed of the stirring bar of the agitating and peeling machine and the height of the material in the container according to the actual situation of the production site.
  • the purpose of this is to remove some brown rice cortex under the premise of as little as possible to produce broken rice grains.
  • the whole peeling process can strip more than 95% of brown rice with 3 ⁇ 4 mixing and peeling steps.
  • Cortex producing qualified rice (very small amount of cortex can be removed by adding a polishing process), while controlling the broken rice rate in the production process within 20%.
  • a finishing treatment section consisting of white rice grading, color selection, selection and polishing, and a by-product finishing section composed of sputum separation and broken rice finishing may be provided after the peeling section.
  • the agitation and stripping process in the process of the invention can be realized by a mixer (see Patent CN200910157760.2 for details).
  • a mixer also referred to herein as agitating and peeling machine
  • the brown skin layer is removed by a sharp blade scraper.
  • the principle of agitating and peeling is to keep the brown rice at a certain height, and the lower layer of brown rice is subjected to the pressure of the upper layer of brown rice to generate a holding force, which generates a relative force with the stirring force of the stirring rod, thereby peeling off the brown rice outer skin, and during the stirring process, the materials are also A frictional effect is produced and a portion of the outer skin can be worn away.
  • the height of brown rice should be controlled between 0.3 and 2 m.
  • the height of the brown rice is too low, the holding power is not enough, and the peeling effect cannot be achieved.
  • the height of the brown rice is too high, the holding power of the brown rice is too large, the energy consumption of the agitation and peeling is increased, and the brown rice is broken due to the excessive application force. side effect.
  • the stir bar can be used to scrape the outer skin of the brown rice in the form of a mosaic blade on the rod, and the brown rice can also be polished with a polyester rod or a grinding wheel.
  • the speed of the stir bar is maintained at 1-6 m/s, and the corresponding properties of the brown rice are adjusted accordingly to achieve the desired effect of peeling, achieving high skin peeling rate and low brown rice breakage rate. Due to the regular shape of the brown rice, there is no obvious pit on the endosperm of the brown rice except the joint with the germ. The brown rice skin is thin, the water absorption is strong, the strength is low, and the binding strength of the brown rice cortex and the endosperm is weak, which makes the stirring and peeling machine stir the stick. The scraper can easily remove the brown rice cortex.
  • the agitating and peeling section of the present invention generally has three steps, the first two agitation stripping processes are peeled off by a stirring and stripping machine with a blade stirrer, and the third agitating and stripping process is used to grind the remaining skin layer by a stirring and stripping machine with a sintered abrasive stir bar. And polishing the rice grains, and removing the broken rice and rice bran by screening or air selection in each stripping process.
  • a bursting phenomenon due to the low strength of the brown rice kernels, there is often a bursting phenomenon. If the temperature changes drastically, or the water is uneven or the moisture content of the brown rice is high, the phenomenon of the waist burst will increase sharply, and a large amount of broken rice grains will be produced during the processing.
  • the watering machine must have the function of enabling the brown rice grains to uniformly and uniformly water, and the water absorption rate of the brown rice grains must be controlled within the range of 0.5 to 2.5% (the specific water addition amount can be operated according to the actual operation of the production line).
  • the situation is determined), and it is suitable to adopt a multi-pass agitation stripping process to reduce the stirring strength by adjusting the stirrer stir bar line speed and the height of the material in the container to ensure that each stirring process can be stripped off without substantially producing broken rice grains.
  • the brown rice cortex can ensure that the overall process effect of the peeling section reaches the goal of stripping more than 95% of the brown rice cortex.
  • the average pressure of the brown rice grain in the container only accounts for 4 ⁇ 10% of the whitening pressure of the rice mill.
  • the rice produced by the agitating and peeling section of the invention has low temperature rise, can retain the germ and part of the aleurone layer, retain the original rice flavor and nutritional value, and also reduce the energy consumption of the peeling section by more than 20%.
  • 1 is a schematic flow chart of the rice-rice production process of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a rice-making rice process, wherein the process flow is preliminary clearing ⁇ wind selection ⁇ into the hairy barn ⁇ recovering ⁇ magnetic selection ⁇ de-sanding ⁇ into the net barn ⁇ the valley ⁇ the separation of the crust ⁇ the separation of the grain ⁇ the brown rice ⁇ the water ⁇
  • the watering process is to add water of about 1.0% by weight of brown rice to the brown rice by a spray watering machine, the water temperature is about 35 ° C, and after being watered, it is sent to the stirring and peeling section in 10 minutes, and the height of the brown rice is stirred and peeled.
  • the control is between 0.3 and 2 m.
  • a device for the rice rice production process described above (as shown in Fig. 1, the flow chart can process 100 tons of rice per day), the device comprises a first-in-situ sieve 1, a first vertical suction channel 2, and a first
  • the suction type air sorting machine 3 (the first suction type air sorting machine 3 is connected to the hair barn 4 via the first screw conveyor 33), the hair barn 4 (the hairy barn 4 is vibrated by the second screw conveyor 34, the second lifter 35 and the cylinder) Screen 5 connection), vibrating screen 5, second vertical suction duct 6, magnetic separator 7, stone removing machine 8 (the stone removing machine 8 is connected to the net barn 9 via the third screw conveyor 36), and the net barn 9 (The net barn 9 is connected to the ⁇ 10 via the fourth screw conveyor 37, the third hoist 38), the glutinous rice machine 10, the chaff separator 11, and the grain separation screen 12 (the grain separation screen 12
  • the four hoisting machines 39 are connected to the spray watering machine 13), the spray watering machine 13, the first agit
  • the upper port of the helium separator 22 is connected to the third air mesh device 25;
  • the wind net devices 23, 24 and 25 are each composed of a fan, a centrifugal dust collector and a wind deflector.
  • the first wind net device 23 is used for collecting light impurities sucked out by the rice cleaning section;
  • the second wind net device 24 is for collecting rice husks produced by the separation section of the glutinous rice and the underarms;
  • the third wind net device 25 is used for collecting and Separate the rice bran and rice bran from the mixing and peeling section.
  • the rice When the production line is used, the rice is first placed in the lowering pit 31, and sequentially enters the primary cleaning sieve 1, the first vertical suction duct 2, and the first suction air sorting machine 3 through the first hoist 32 to remove impurities, and remove The size impurities and light impurities enter the hair barn 4, and then enter the cylindrical vibrating screen 5 (removing the size impurities and light impurities) and the second vertical suction channel 6 through the second screw conveyor 34 and the second elevator 35.
  • the three hoists 38 enter the rice husk machine 9 to crush the rice husks, then enter the chaff separator 11 to separate and remove the chaff, and then enter the grain separation sieve 12 to separate the brown rice.
  • the brown rice enters the spray watering machine 13 through the fourth hoist 39 to wet the water (about 1.0% of the water, the water temperature is 30 ° C, the watering time is less than 5 minutes), and then enters the first mixing and peeling machine 14 and the second suction.
  • the air separation machine 15, the second agitation and peeling machine 16, the third suction type air sorting machine 17, the third agitating and peeling machine 18, and the fourth suction type air sorting machine 19 perform three agitation stripping separation steps to remove the skin layer, which can be peeled off.
  • the white rice produced in the peeling section is sent to the white rice classifier 20 for screening and classification, and the finished rice is sent to the finished product bin 21.
  • the rice and the rice are produced by the process and the device of the invention, the output rate of the broken rice is low, the energy consumption is low, and the economic benefit is remarkable. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only intended to illustrate and not to limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Within the scope of protection required.

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Abstract

公开了一种稻谷制米工艺。该工艺包括糙米脱皮工序，且该工序由着水和搅拌剥皮工序组成。所述着水工序为用着水机（13）向糙米中添加占糙米重量0.5-2.5%的水，水温为10-60°C，且着水后在l0min内将糙米送至搅拌剥皮工序进行加工。搅拌剥皮过程中将糙米高度控制在0.3-2m，且搅拌时采用搅拌机，以及控制搅拌机的搅拌棒线速度为1-6m/s。所述工艺采用搅拌剥皮方式对糙米进行剥皮，从而对糙米粒的作用力较小且均衡，由此提高了糙米皮层的去除率且降低了碎米产出率。

Description

一种稻谷制米工艺及装置
技术领域
本发明属于稻谷加工工艺，具体涉及一种稻谷制米工艺及装置，它利用搅拌脱皮工序来替代现有的碾米工序，特别适用于稻谷去壳脱皮制大米的生产线。
背景技术
稻谷籽粒由颖（俗称稻壳）和颖果（加工脱掉稻壳后亦称作糙米）两大部分组成。颖果由皮层、胚乳和胚三部分组成。所谓稻谷加工就是指稻谷去掉稻壳、皮层变成以纯净胚乳为主的大米的过程。现有的稻谷加工工艺流程一般由清理、砻谷（即脱壳）及砻下物分离（包括稻谷与稻壳分离和稻谷与糙米分离）和碾米（现有技术一般用碾米机碾除糙米的皮层和胚芽）3个工段组成。有些先进企业在碾米工段后设置成品处理（包括白米分级、精选和抛光等精加工处理）和副产品处理工段（指把米糠中的完整米粒、碎米和米粞分离出去）。稻谷加工工业的主产品是大米（现代化企业均以整粒米为主产品），碾米工段的半成品称白米，副产品包括碎米（碾米工段产出的粒度大于糙米米粒长度1/3的不完整米粒）、米粞（碾米工段产出的粒度小于糙米米粒长度1/3的不完整米粒）、米糠（碾米工段产出的皮层及少量米胚和米粞的混合物）、稻壳和米胚。
对稻谷制米生产线来说主产品的出率和品质无疑是最重要的指标。主产品的出率用糙出整米率（指碾米工段产出完整米粒占进碾米工段糙米的百分比）来考评。主产品的品质用大米精度指标考评，大米精度主要取决于米粒表面留皮程度，留皮越少精度越高。因糙米籽粒抗剪切和抗弯曲强度低，沿长轴方向的强度又比短轴方向低1～2倍（因糙米籽粒的长轴长度为短轴的1.5～4倍），特别是糙米籽粒常因生长、收获和砻谷过程中急剧受冷受热或受外部撞击力作用产生的横向裂纹（行业内术语称爆腰）又使糙米籽粒的强度大幅度降低，所以，稻谷制米的碎米率（指碎米占成品大米的百分比）远比其它谷物制米高。因此，常用碎米率间接反映主产品的出率。稻谷制米要用碾米机碾掉糙米几乎全部皮层。典型的铁辊碾米机由进料装置、螺旋输送器、卧式安装的圆柱形米筛，安装在筛筒轴心位置的外圆有凸筋的圆柱体型碾辊、固定筛板的扁钢制压筛条（亦称米刀）和排料装置等零部件组成。碾辊与米筛之间的狭小空间称碾白室。碾米机工作时，螺旋输送器推动糙米进入碾白室，并在碾白室内形成200～1000g/cm2平均压力（行业术语称碾白压力）。此时碾辊旋转碾搓糙米粒，碾辊上设置凸筋和碾白室设置米刀强制糙米籽粒翻转，并使碾搓力大幅度提高，即可达到碾掉糙米皮层的目的。因糙米皮层薄强度低，糙米籽粒强度低，且常有爆腰现象，一道碾米工序大多能剥除绝大部分糙米皮层，但往往碎米率太高，所以现有技术大多采用2～3道碾米工序。
现有采用碾米的稻谷制米技术存在如下欠缺：(1) 因碾米机结构和性能欠缺及糙米强度低且常有爆腰现象，导致碾米过程中碎米率高达25%～40%。碎米率高是现有技术最大的缺欠。(2) 进入碾米机碾白区域的糙米籽粒在0.4m左右的行进过程中只有反复承受碾辊的高强度摩擦或碾削才能脱去皮层，所以碾米工段的能耗高，产出物的温升大，成品大米食用品质下降。(3) 碾米机的结构和性能决定，用常规生产工艺要想生产出高精度大米必然把营养丰富的糊粉层，次糊粉层和胚芽几乎除净，这样会导致成品米营养损失过大。(4)生产中多次高强度碾削和碾磨产出的少量粉状或细小颗粒状胚乳混入米糠，不仅降低了成品率，而且严重影响米糠油的提取率和稻谷深加工价值。
发明内容
根据上述情况，本发明目的在于提供一种利用搅拌脱皮的方法剥除糙米皮层的稻谷加工工艺流程及装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种稻谷制米工艺，包括糙米脱皮工序，所述糙米脱皮工序由着水和搅拌剥皮工序组成。糙米可以经下述常规工序获得，如清理（清理工序由初清、风选、复清、磁选和去石等工序组成）、砻谷、谷壳分离和谷糙分离工序。
具体的，所述搅拌剥皮工序可根据生产线实际情况重复1－4次，重复搅拌剥皮时每次搅拌剥皮后用风选或筛选除去已剥除的皮层。
进一步的，所述着水工序为用着水机向糙米中添加占糙米重量0.5－2.5%的水，水温为10－60℃（优选25－60℃），着水后在10min内将糙米送至搅拌剥皮工序进行加工，搅拌剥皮过程中将糙米高度控制在0.3－2m，搅拌剥皮时采用搅拌机，控制搅拌机的搅拌棒线速度为1－6m/S。
具体的，一种稻谷制米工艺，其工艺流程为初清→风选→入毛谷仓→复清→磁选→去石→入净谷仓→砻谷→谷壳分离→谷糙分离→糙米→着水→搅拌剥皮→风选或筛选→白米分级→入成品仓。
实现所述稻谷制米工艺的装置，其包括依次连接的初清筛、第一垂直吸风道、第一吸式风选机、毛谷仓、振动筛、第二垂直吸风道、磁选器、去石机、净谷仓、砻谷机、谷壳分离机、谷糙分离筛、喷雾着水机、搅拌剥皮机、第二吸式风选机、白米分级机和成品仓；其中第一垂直吸风道、第一吸式风选机、第二垂直吸风道和去石机的上端口均与第一风网装置连接；谷壳分离机的上端口与第二风网装置连接，第二吸式风选机上端口与糠粞分离器相连，糠粞分离器的上端口与第三风网装置连接；所述第一、二和三风网装置均由风机、离心集尘器和闭风器组成。
具体的所述搅拌剥皮机和第二吸式风选机数量可根据生产线实际情况增加1－4台。
着水的目的在于使水分进入糙米外皮，使糙米外皮与内皮或者胚乳分离开。着水需要注意水的温度、加水量及着水时间等。着水的水温常控制在10～60℃之间，一般使用常温水就可以达到较好的剥皮效果，略微加温可以使水较快的渗入糙米表皮，更利于外皮分离。但若温度过高，如超过60℃，不仅会消耗过多煤电，而且60℃以上的高温可能使糙米内的蛋白质受损、熟化，破坏糙米的品质。着水量以控制在糙米重量的0.5－2.5%为宜。着水时如果加水量过多，会降低米粒强度，使得在剥皮过程中易出现碎米率高、成品大米含水率超标等问题。为防止糙米皮层吸收的水分转移到糙米胚乳上，影响剥皮效果，应在糙米着水润湿后10min内送至搅拌剥皮工序开始搅拌剥皮。
因为糙米籽粒强度低且常有爆腰现象，本发明工艺实施时，要根据生产现场实际情况，通过调节搅拌剥皮机的搅拌棒线速度和容器内料位高度来控制搅拌强度和剥皮效果。这样做的目的在于：每道搅拌剥皮工步在尽可能少产出碎米粒的前提下，剥除部分糙米皮层，整个脱皮工序能用3~4道搅拌剥皮工步剥掉95%以上的糙米皮层，产出合格大米（极少量皮层可依靠增加抛光工序来除去），同时把生产过程中的碎米率控制在20%以内。此外，还可以在剥皮工段后设置由白米分级、色选、精选和抛光等工序组成的成品处理工段及由糠粞分离和碎米整理组成的副产品整理工段。
本发明工艺中搅拌剥皮工序可采用搅拌机实现（详见专利CN200910157760.2）。搅拌机（本文中也可称为搅拌剥皮机）工作时，靠刃口锋利的刮刀刮削除去糙米皮层。搅拌剥皮的原理是：让糙米保持一定高度，下层糙米承受上层糙米的压力从而产生握持力，与搅棒搅拌力产生相对的力，从而剥除糙米外皮，搅拌过程中，物料之间也会产生摩擦效应，也能磨掉一部分外皮。搅拌剥皮时应注意糙米的搅拌深度，搅棒的形式和材质，及搅棒线速度等。糙米高度应控制在0.3～2m之间。糙米高度过低，握持力不够，无法达到较好的剥皮效果；糙米高度过高则糙米的握持力过大，加大搅拌剥皮的能耗，并且因施力过大容易使糙米破碎产生副作用。搅棒可使用在棒上镶嵌刀片的形式，将糙米的外皮刮下来，也可用聚酯棒或者砂轮对糙米进行抛光。搅棒线速度保持在1－6m/S，根据糙米的不同性质进行相应调整，以使剥皮达到理想效果，达到高的表皮剥除率和低的糙米破碎率。因糙米形状比较规则，糙米胚乳上除与胚芽连接处以外没有明显的凹坑，糙米皮层薄、吸水性强、强度低和糙米皮层与胚乳结合力弱等特点，使得搅拌剥皮机搅拌棒上的刮刀能轻而易举的除去糙米皮层。本发明的搅拌脱皮工段一般设置3道工序，前两道搅拌剥皮工序用安装刮刀搅棒的搅拌剥皮机脱皮，第三道搅拌剥皮工序用安装烧结磨料搅棒的搅拌剥皮机磨削残留的皮层和给米粒抛光，每道剥皮工序用筛选或风选方法清除碎米和米糠。但因糙米籽粒强度低，常有爆腰现象，如果温度剧变，或着水不均匀或糙米含水率高都能使爆腰现象剧增，并导致加工过程中产出大量碎米粒。因此采用本发明生产工艺，着水机必须有能使糙米粒迅速均匀着水的功能，而且必须把糙米粒的吸水率控制在0.5~2.5%范围内（具体的加水量可以根据生产线的实际操作情况来确定），并且适合采用多道搅拌剥皮工序，通过调节搅拌机搅拌棒线速度和容器内料位高度降低搅拌强度，保证每道搅拌工序能在基本不产出碎米粒的前提下剥除部分糙米皮层，才能保证剥皮工段整体工艺效果达到剥除95%以上糙米皮层的目标。
和现有的碾米剥皮技术相比，本发明工艺的优势：
（1）因糙米籽粒承受的剥刮作用力远小于现有碾米技术中的碾白压力，使得搅拌剥皮工段的碎米产出率能够降低5~20个百分点，经济效益十分显著。
（2）因糙米籽粒承受的剥刮作用力小，容器内糙米籽粒承受的平均压力仅占碾米机碾白压力的4~10% ，使得本发明搅拌剥皮工段产出的大米温升低，可保留胚芽和部分糊粉层，保留原有的米香味及营养价值，同时也使剥皮工段能耗降低20%以上。
（3）因胚芽大部分保留在米粒上，使得搅拌剥皮对胚乳的损伤较少，米糠中含淀粉等杂质的比例也大幅度降低，这也利于提取米糠油和米糠的进一步深加工。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述稻谷制米工艺的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下以优选的三道搅拌剥皮和风选工序为例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
一种稻谷制米工艺，其工艺流程为初清→风选→入毛谷仓→复清→磁选→去石→入净谷仓→砻谷→谷壳分离→谷糙分离→糙米→着水→第一道搅拌剥皮→风选→第二道搅拌剥皮→风选→第三道搅拌剥皮→风选→白米分级→入成品仓。所述着水工序为用喷雾着水机向糙米中添加占糙米重量1.0%左右的水，水温为35℃左右，着水后在10min内送至搅拌剥皮工段加工，搅拌剥皮过程中将糙米高度控制在0.3～2m之间。
一种用于上述稻谷制米工艺的装置（如图1所示，该流程图可日处理100吨稻谷），该装置包括依次连接的初请筛1、第一垂直吸风道2、第一吸式风选机3（第一吸式风选机3经第一螺旋输送机33与毛谷仓4连接）、毛谷仓4（毛谷仓4经第二螺旋输送机34、第二提升机35与圆筒振动筛5连接）、振动筛5、第二垂直吸风道6、磁选器7、去石机8（去石机8经第三螺旋输送机36与净谷仓9连接）、净谷仓9（净谷仓9经第四螺旋输送机37、第三提升机38与砻谷机10连接）、砻谷机10、谷壳分离机11、谷糙分离筛12（谷糙分离筛12经第四提升机39与喷雾着水机13连接）、喷雾着水机13、第一搅拌剥皮机14、第二吸式风选机15、第二搅拌剥皮机16、第三吸式风选机17、第三搅拌剥皮机18、第四吸式风选机19（第四吸式风选机19经第五提升机40与白米分级机20连接）、白米分级机20和成品仓21；其中第一垂直吸风道2、第一吸式风选机3、第二垂直吸风道6和去石机8的上端口均与第一风网装置23连接；谷壳分离机11上端口与第二风网装置24连接，第二吸式风选机15上端口、第三吸式风选机17上端口和第四吸式风选机19上端口均与糠粞分离器22相连，糠粞分离器22的上端口与第三风网装置25连接；所述风网装置23、24和25均由风机、离心集尘器和闭风器组成。第一风网装置23用于收集稻谷清理工段吸出的轻杂质；第二风网装置24用于收集砻谷及砻下物分离工段产出的稻壳；第三风网装置25用于收集和分离搅拌剥皮工段产出的米粞和米糠。
生产线使用时，先将稻谷放入下料坑31中，经第一提升机32依次进入初清筛1、第一垂直吸风道2和第一吸式风选机3中清理除杂，除去大小杂质和轻杂质后进入毛谷仓4中，再经第二螺旋输送机34和第二提升机35再依次进入圆筒振动筛5（除去大小杂质和轻杂质）、第二垂直吸风道6（除去轻杂质）、磁选器7（除去铁磁性杂质）和去石机8（除去石子等重杂质）进一步除杂，除杂后进入净谷仓9中，通过第四螺旋输送机37和第三提升机38进入砻谷机9中碾下稻壳，然后进入谷壳分离机11分离并清除谷壳，接着进入谷糙分离筛12中分离得到糙米。糙米经第四提升机39进入喷雾着水机13内着水润湿（着水量1.0%左右，水温30℃，着水时间在5min以内），然后依次进入第一搅拌剥皮机14、第二吸式风选机15、第二搅拌剥皮机16、第三吸式风选机17、第三搅拌剥皮机18和第四吸式风选机19中进行三道搅拌剥皮分离工序去除皮层，可以剥除95%以上的糙米皮层（剥除的皮层经风选机15、17和19分离后进入糠粞分离器22进行后续的分离处理）。剥皮工段产出的白米送入白米分级机20中进行筛选分级，成品大米送入成品仓21。
采用本发明工艺和装置进行制米，碎米产出率低，能耗低，经济效益显著。最后所应说明的是：上述实施例仅用于说明而非限制本发明技术方案，任何对本发明进行的等同替换及不脱离本发明精神和范围的修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种稻谷制米工艺，包括糙米脱皮工序，其特征在于，所述糙米脱皮工序由着水和搅拌剥皮工序组成。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的稻谷制米工艺，其特征在于，所述着水工序为用着水机向糙米中添加占糙米重量0.5－2.5%的水，水温为10－60℃，着水后在10min内将糙米送至搅拌剥皮工序进行加工，搅拌剥皮过程中将糙米高度控制在0.3－2m。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的稻谷制米工艺，其特征在于，搅拌剥皮时采用搅拌机，控制搅拌机的搅拌棒线速度为1－6m/S。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的稻谷制米工艺，其特征在于，所述搅拌剥皮工序为1－4次，重复搅拌剥皮时每次搅拌剥皮后用风选或筛选除去已剥除的皮层。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的稻谷制米工艺，其特征在于，该工艺流程为初清→风选→入毛谷仓→复清→磁选→去石→入净谷仓→砻谷→谷壳分离→谷糙分离→糙米→着水→搅拌剥皮→风选或筛选→白米分级→入成品仓。
  6. 一种实现权利要求1所述稻谷制米工艺的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括依次连接的初清筛、第一垂直吸风道、第一吸式风选机、毛谷仓、振动筛、第二垂直吸风道、磁选器、去石机、净谷仓、砻谷机、谷壳分离机、谷糙分离筛、喷雾着水机、搅拌剥皮机、第二吸式风选机、白米分级机和成品仓；其中第一垂直吸风道、第一吸式风选机、第二垂直吸风道和去石机的上端口均与第一风网装置连接；谷壳分离机的上端口与第二风网装置连接，第二吸式风选机上端口与糠粞分离器相连，糠粞分离器的上端口与第三风网装置连接；所述第一、二和三风网装置均由风机、离心集尘器和闭风器组成。
  7. 如权利要求6所述用于稻谷制米工艺的装置，其特征在于，所述搅拌剥皮机和第二吸式风选机的数量可根据生产线的实际情况增加1－4台。
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