WO2013063998A1 - 一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013063998A1
WO2013063998A1 PCT/CN2012/082298 CN2012082298W WO2013063998A1 WO 2013063998 A1 WO2013063998 A1 WO 2013063998A1 CN 2012082298 W CN2012082298 W CN 2012082298W WO 2013063998 A1 WO2013063998 A1 WO 2013063998A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crane
threshold
pressure
weight
state
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PCT/CN2012/082298
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曾光
阳鹏
王维金
曾亚平
王曦鸣
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
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Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013063998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013063998A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • B66C23/90Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • B66C23/905Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of cranes, and in particular to a method and system for preventing tilting of a crane. Background technique
  • the common method to avoid the crane tipping accident is to increase the ground stiffness by laying the roadbed box, so as to avoid the crane tipping accident.
  • simply increasing the ground stiffness by laying a foundation box is not only a very expensive consumable, but it is still difficult to prevent a tipping accident once the roadbed box is damaged or improperly installed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for preventing tipping of a crane to effectively avoid the occurrence of a crane tipping accident.
  • a technical solution adopted by the present invention is: Providing a method for preventing tilting of a crane, comprising: detecting a state of the crane; determining whether the crane is in a tipping state; and automatically when the crane is in a tipping state The way to control the crane to exit the tipping state.
  • the step of detecting the state of the crane includes: detecting a grounding pressure or a tilt angle of the crane;
  • the step of determining whether the crane is in the tipping state comprises: comparing the ground pressure with the pressure threshold or comparing the inclination angle to the inclination threshold; when the ground pressure is less than or equal to the pressure threshold or the inclination is greater than or equal to the inclination threshold, the crane is in a tipping state.
  • the step of automatically controlling the crane to exit the tipping state comprises: stopping the current operation of the crane, and at least cutting off the manual operation of lifting and forwarding operations of the crane; controlling the reverse driving of the crane.
  • the step of automatically controlling the crane to exit the tipping state further comprises: determining whether the crane is suspended with a heavy object; when the crane is loaded with a heavy object, controlling the crane to accelerate the release of the heavy object; During the accelerated release of the weight, the grounding pressure or inclination of the crane is detected; the grounding pressure is compared with the pressure threshold or the inclination and inclination threshold are compared; when the grounding pressure is greater than the pressure threshold or the inclination is less than the inclination threshold, the crane is controlled to drive in the opposite direction.
  • the step of automatically controlling the crane to exit the tilting state further comprises: detecting the reverse travel distance of the crane during the reverse running of the crane; comparing the reverse travel distance with the distance threshold; when the reverse travel distance is greater than or equal to At the threshold, the control crane stops the reverse travel and controls the crane to pick up the heavy objects.
  • the step of automatically controlling the crane to exit the tipping state further comprises: detecting a release speed of the weight during the lifting of the weight by the crane; determining whether the release speed is less than or equal to 0; and when the release speed is less than or equal to 0, Control the crane to stop collecting heavy loads and resume the manual operation of the crane.
  • an anti-tip system for a crane including a tilting sensor and a controller.
  • the tipping sensor is used to detect the status of the crane.
  • the controller is configured to judge whether the crane is in a tilting state according to the detection result of the tilting sensor. When the crane is in the tilting state, the controller stops the current operation of the crane in an automatic manner, and at least cuts off the lifting operation of the crane and the manual operation of the forwarding operation. And control the crane to drive in the opposite direction.
  • the tilting sensor is a pressure sensor for detecting the grounding pressure of the crane or for An angle sensor for detecting the inclination of the crane
  • the controller compares the ground pressure with the pressure threshold or compares the inclination angle and the inclination threshold. When the ground pressure is less than or equal to the pressure threshold or the inclination is greater than or equal to the inclination threshold, the crane is in a tipping state.
  • the anti-tip system further comprises a weight sensor
  • the controller determines whether the crane has a heavy object according to the detection result of the weight sensor, and when the crane hoists a heavy object, controls the crane to accelerate the release of the heavy object before the crane moves in the reverse direction.
  • the controller further compares the ground pressure and the pressure threshold detected by the pressure sensor during the acceleration of the crane to release the heavy object or compares the inclination angle and the inclination threshold detected by the angle sensor during the acceleration of the crane to release the weight, when the ground pressure is greater than the pressure threshold or the inclination angle is less than When the inclination threshold is reached, the crane is controlled to drive in the opposite direction.
  • the anti-tip system further comprises a distance sensor, the distance sensor is used for detecting the reverse travel distance of the crane, and the controller compares the reverse travel distance with the distance threshold. When the reverse travel distance is greater than or equal to the distance threshold, the control crane stops counter Drive and control the crane to collect heavy objects.
  • the anti-tip system further includes a speed sensor for detecting a release speed of the weight during the lifting of the weight by the crane, and the controller determines whether the release speed is less than or equal to 0, when the release speed is less than or equal to 0. , control the crane to stop collecting heavy objects and resume the manual operation of the crane.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that: the anti-tipover method and system of the invention can effectively detect whether the crane is in a tilting state, and automatically control the crane to exit the tipping state when the crane is in the tilting state, which can effectively avoid The occurrence of a tipping accident.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of the present invention detailed description
  • Fig. 1 is a flow chart showing a method of preventing tilting of a crane according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the anti-rollover method of this embodiment includes the following steps.
  • step S101 the state of the crane is detected.
  • the pressure sensor can be used
  • the pressure sensor can be placed on the load wheel of the crane or other suitable position of the crane.
  • the inclination of the crane can be detected by an angle sensor (for example, a gyroscope).
  • the angle sensor can be placed at the center of the turret of the crane or at other suitable locations on the crane.
  • status information that reflects whether the crane is in a tipping state can also be detected by other means.
  • step S102 it is judged whether or not the crane is in the tilting state. If the crane is in the tilting state, the process proceeds to step S103. Otherwise, the process returns to step S101 to continue detecting the state of the crane.
  • the ground pressure of the crane is detected by the pressure sensor, whether the crane is in a tipping state can be judged by comparing the grounding pressure of the crane with the pressure threshold. Wherein, if the grounding pressure of the crane is less than or equal to the pressure threshold, the crane is in a tilting state, and if the grounding pressure of the crane is greater than the pressure threshold, the crane is in a normal working state.
  • the angle sensor When the angle sensor is used to detect the inclination of the crane, it is possible to judge whether the crane is in a tipping state by comparing the inclination angle of the crane with the inclination threshold. Wherein, if the inclination angle of the crane is greater than or equal to the inclination threshold, the crane is in a tilting state, and if the inclination of the crane is less than the inclination threshold, the crane is in a normal working state.
  • the pressure threshold and the inclination threshold can be preset according to the type of crane, for example, the inclination threshold can be set to 30 degrees.
  • step S103 the crane is controlled to exit the tilting state in an automatic manner.
  • the current operation of the crane is first stopped, and at least the manual operation of the crane lifting operation and the forward operation is cut off, and it is preferable to cut off all manual operations on the crane.
  • the crane is controlled to drive in the opposite direction, thereby causing the crane to exit the tipping state.
  • the reverse travel speed of the crane is preferably smaller than the forward speed of the previous crane, for example half the forward speed.
  • step S102 And step S103 can be implemented in an automatic manner by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or other suitable type of controller.
  • PLC Programmable Logic Controller
  • the anti-tipover method of the present embodiment can effectively detect whether the crane is in a tilting state, and automatically controls the crane to exit the tipping state when the crane is in the tilting state, so that the occurrence of a tipping accident can be effectively avoided. Further, since the current operation of the crane is immediately stopped after the crane is found to be in the tilting state, and the manual operation of lifting and forwarding of the crane is cut off, then the withdrawal of the crane from the tipping state is realized in an automatic manner, which can be further effectively Avoid the acceleration of the crane due to the current operation of the crane and the improper manual operation.
  • the anti-rollover method of this embodiment includes the following steps.
  • step S201 the grounding pressure of the crane is detected.
  • step S202 the grounding pressure and the pressure threshold of the crane are compared. If the grounding pressure of the crane is less than or equal to the pressure threshold, it indicates that the crane is in the tilting state, and the process proceeds to step S203. Otherwise, the crane is in the normal working state, and the process returns to step S201. Continue to check the grounding pressure of the crane.
  • step S203 the current operation of the crane is stopped, and at least the manual operation of the lifting and forwarding operations of the crane is cut off, and it is preferable to cut off all manual operations of the crane.
  • step S203 the current operation of the hoisting crane and the subsequent manual operation may be effectively avoided.
  • the detection signal can be transmitted in the direction of the weight and the detected echo signal can be used to determine whether the crane is carrying a heavy object.
  • step S205 the control crane accelerates the release of the heavy object and detects the grounding pressure of the crane during the acceleration of the release of the weight.
  • the pulling force of the weight on the crane is smaller than the pulling force of the unaccelerated release weight, so that the crane reverses in the opposite direction of the tilting direction, thereby preventing the crane from continuing to reverse in the tilting direction.
  • step S206 the ground pressure detected during the acceleration and release of the weight of the crane is compared with the pressure threshold. If the ground pressure is greater than the pressure threshold, the process proceeds to step S207. Otherwise, the process returns to step S205 to continue to accelerate the release of the heavy object. In order to make the crane reverse in reverse.
  • step S207 the crane is controlled to run in the reverse direction, and the reverse travel distance of the crane is detected.
  • the distance traveled by the crane can be detected using various distance sensors known in the art.
  • the reverse travel distance of the crane can be obtained by detecting the angle of rotation of a particular shaft that rotates with the crane in reverse travel.
  • step S208 the reverse travel distance of the crane is compared with the distance threshold. If the reverse travel distance is greater than or equal to the distance threshold, the process proceeds to step S209. Otherwise, the process returns to step S207 to control the crane to further reverse travel.
  • the distance threshold can be preset according to the type of crane, for example, the distance threshold can be set to 1 meter.
  • step S209 the control crane stops the reverse running, and then the crane is controlled to take up the weight to prevent further release of the weight while detecting the release speed of the weight.
  • various speed sensors known in the art can be used to detect the release rate of the weight.
  • the release speed of the weight can be obtained by detecting the rotational speed of the specific shaft that is rotated by the release process of the weight.
  • step S210 it is determined whether the release speed of the weight is less than or equal to 0. If the release speed of the weight is less than or equal to 0, the process proceeds to step S211. Otherwise, the process returns to step S209 to control the crane to further collect the heavy object. In step S211, the control crane stops the collection of the heavy object, and the manual operation cut in step S203 is resumed, so that the crane returns to the normal working state.
  • the anti-tipover method of the present embodiment further advances the crane in the opposite direction of the tilting direction by accelerating the release of the weight when the crane is suspended with the weight, further improving the anti-tipover effect. It is to be noted that in the present embodiment, it is also possible to detect the grounding pressure of the crane by detecting the inclination of the crane. At this time, in step S201, the inclination angle of the crane is detected. In step S202, it is determined whether the inclination angle of the crane is greater than or equal to the angle threshold. If the inclination angle of the crane is greater than or equal to the angle threshold, the process proceeds to step 203. Otherwise, the process returns to step S201. In step S206. It is judged whether the inclination angle when the crane accelerates the release of the weight is less than the angle threshold, and if it is less than the angle threshold, the process proceeds to step S207, otherwise returns to step S205.
  • the anti-tip system of the present embodiment includes a controller 301, a tilt sensor 302, a weight sensor 303, a distance sensor 304, and a speed sensor 305.
  • the tilt sensor 302 may be a pressure sensor for detecting the grounding pressure of the crane or an angle sensor for detecting the inclination of the crane.
  • the pressure sensor can be disposed on the load wheel of the crane or other suitable position, and the angle sensor can be disposed at the center of the turntable of the crane or other suitable position.
  • the pressure sensor can be a ceramic pressure sensor or other pressure sensor known in the art, and the angle sensor can be a gyroscope or other angle sensor as is known in the art.
  • the controller 301 is configured to determine whether the crane is in a tipping state according to the detection result of the tilt sensor 302.
  • the controller 301 compares the ground pressure of the crane with the pressure threshold. If the ground pressure of the crane is less than or equal to the pressure threshold, the crane is in a tilting state, if the ground pressure of the crane is greater than the pressure threshold. , the crane is in normal working condition.
  • the controller 301 compares the tilt angle of the crane with the tilt threshold. If the tilt angle of the crane is greater than or equal to the tilt threshold, the crane is in a tilting state. If the tilt angle of the crane is less than the tilt threshold, the crane is in a normal state. Working status.
  • controller 301 stops the current operation of the crane in an automatic manner, at least cuts off the manual operation of the lifting and forwarding operations of the crane, and controls the crane to travel in the reverse direction.
  • controller 301 can be a programmable logic controller or other suitable type of controller.
  • the weight sensor 303 is used to detect information indicating whether or not the crane is carrying a heavy object.
  • the weight sensor 303 can be a gravity sensor, a radar sensor, or other suitable type of sensor.
  • the controller 301 determines whether the crane is loaded with a heavy object based on the detection result of the weight sensor 303. When the crane is loaded with heavy objects, the controller 301 controls the crane to accelerate the release of the weight before controlling the crane to reverse travel, causing the crane to reverse in the opposite direction of the tilting direction. When the crane is not loaded with heavy objects, the controller 301 directly controls the crane to travel in the opposite direction.
  • the controller 301 further compares the ground pressure and the pressure threshold detected by the pressure sensor or the inclination angle and the inclination threshold detected by the angle sensor. When the ground pressure is greater than the pressure threshold or the inclination is less than the inclination threshold, the controller 301 Control the crane to drive in the opposite direction.
  • the distance sensor 304 is used to detect the reverse travel distance of the crane. As described above, the distance traveled by the crane can be detected using various distance sensors known in the art. For example, the reverse travel distance of the crane can be obtained by detecting the angle of rotation of a particular shaft that rotates with the crane in reverse travel. The controller 301 compares the reverse travel distance with the distance threshold, and when the reverse travel distance is greater than or equal to the distance threshold, controls the crane to stop the reverse travel and controls the crane to pick up the weight.
  • the speed sensor 305 is used to detect the release speed of the weight during the lifting of the weight by the crane. As described above, various speed sensors known in the art can be utilized to detect the release rate of the weight. For example, the release speed of the weight can be obtained by detecting the rotational speed of the specific rotating shaft that is rotated by the release process of the heavy object. The controller 301 determines whether the release speed is less than or equal to 0. When the release speed is less than or equal to 0, the control crane stops collecting the heavy objects and resumes the manual operation of the crane.
  • the anti-rollover method and system of the crane of the present invention can effectively detect Whether the crane is in a tipping state and automatically controlling the crane to exit the tipping state when the crane is in a tipping state can effectively avoid the occurrence of a tipping accident.

Abstract

一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统。该防倾翻方法包括:检测起重机的状态(S101);判断起重机是否处于倾翻状态(S102);当起重机处于倾翻状态时,以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态(S103)。本发明能够有效地检测起重机是否处于倾翻状态,并在起重机处于倾翻状态时,以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态,能够有效地避免倾翻事故的发生。

Description

一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及起重机领域, 特别是涉及一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统。 背景技术
在履带式起重机或其他类型的起重机的工作过程中, 可能需要起重机 在一定范围内进行转场作业。 由于起重机的重量非常大, 一般施工场地的 地面刚度不足以支撑起重机, 有时甚至会因为地面刚度的不一致产生 "虚 坑"(即, 刚度相对较小的地面), 很容易导致起重机在行驶过程中发生倾 翻事故。
目前, 避免起重机倾翻事故发生的常用方法是通过铺设路基箱来增加 地面刚度, 从而尽量避免起重机倾翻事故的发生。 然而, 单纯通过铺设路 基箱来增加地面刚度不仅耗材非常大, 而且一旦路基箱受损或设置不当, 依然很难阻止倾翻事故的发生。
综上, 需要提供一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统, 以有效地避免起重 机倾翻事故的发生。 发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种起重机的防倾翻方法及系统, 以有效地避免起重机倾翻事故的发生。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用的一个技术方案是: 提供一种起重 机的防倾翻方法, 包括: 检测起重机的状态; 判断起重机是否处于倾翻状 态; 当起重机处于倾翻状态时, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态。
其中, 检测起重机的状态的步骤包括: 检测起重机的接地压力或倾角; 判断起重机是否处于倾翻状态的步骤包括: 比较接地压力与压力阈值或者 比较倾角与倾角阈值; 当接地压力小于或等于压力阈值或者倾角大于或等 于倾角阈值时, 起重机处于倾翻状态。
其中, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤包括: 停止起重机 的当前作业, 并至少切断对起重机的起吊作业和前进作业的人工操作; 控 制起重机反向行驶。
其中, 在控制起重机反向行驶的步骤之前, 以自动方式控制起重机退 出倾翻状态的步骤进一步包括: 判断起重机是否吊有重物; 当起重机吊有 重物时, 控制起重机加速释放重物; 在重物的加速释放过程中, 检测起重 机的接地压力或倾角; 比较接地压力与压力阈值或者比较倾角与倾角阈值; 当接地压力大于压力阈值或者倾角小于倾角阈值时, 控制起重机反向行驶。
其中, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤进一步包括: 在起 重机的反向行驶过程中, 检测起重机的反向行驶距离; 比较反向行驶距离 与距离阈值; 当反向行驶距离大于或等于距离阈值时, 控制起重机停止反 向行驶, 并控制起重机收起重物。
其中, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤进一步包括: 在起 重机收起重物的过程中检测重物的释放速度; 判断释放速度是否小于或等 于 0; 当释放速度小于或等于 0时, 控制起重机停止收起重物, 并恢复起重 机的人工操作。
为解决上述技术问题, 本发明采用的另一个技术方案是: 提供一种起 重机的防倾翻系统, 包括倾翻传感器和控制器。 倾翻传感器用于检测起重 机的状态。 控制器用于根据倾翻传感器的检测结果判断起重机是否处于倾 翻状态, 当起重机处于倾翻状态时, 控制器以自动方式停止起重机的当前 作业, 至少切断对起重机的起吊作业和前进作业的人工操作, 并控制起重 机反向行驶。
其中, 倾翻传感器为用于检测起重机的接地压力的压力传感器或用于 检测起重机的倾角的角度传感器, 控制器比较接地压力与压力阈值或者比 较倾角与倾角阈值, 当接地压力小于或等于压力阈值或者倾角大于或等于 倾角阈值时, 起重机处于倾翻状态。
其中, 防倾翻系统进一步包括重物传感器, 控制器根据重物传感器的 检测结果判断起重机是否吊有重物, 并当起重机吊有重物时, 在起重机反 向行驶之前控制起重机加速释放重物, 控制器进一步比较压力传感器在起 重机加速释放重物过程中检测的接地压力与压力阈值或者比较角度传感器 在起重机加速释放重物过程中检测的倾角与倾角阈值, 当接地压力大于压 力阈值或者倾角小于倾角阈值时, 控制起重机反向行驶。
其中, 防倾翻系统进一步包括距离传感器, 距离传感器用于检测起重 机的反向行驶距离, 控制器比较反向行驶距离与距离阈值, 当反向行驶距 离大于或等于距离阈值时, 控制起重机停止反向行驶, 并控制起重机收起 重物。
其中, 防倾翻系统进一步包括速度传感器, 速度传感器用于在起重机 收起重物的过程中检测重物的释放速度, 控制器判断释放速度是否小于或 等于 0, 当释放速度小于或等于 0时, 控制起重机停止收起重物, 并恢复起 重机的人工操作。
本发明的有益效果是: 本发明的防倾翻方法及系统能够有效地检测起 重机是否处于倾翻状态, 并在起重机处于倾翻状态时, 以自动方式控制起 重机退出倾翻状态, 能够有效地避免倾翻事故的发生。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明第
图 2是根据本发明第
图 3是根据本发明第 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
请参见图 1,图 1是根据本发明第一实施例的起重机的防倾翻方法的流 程图。 如图 1所示, 本实施例的防倾翻方法包括如下步骤。
在步骤 S101中, 检测起重机的状态。 在本步骤中, 可通过压力传感器
(例如, 陶瓷压力传感器) 检测起重机的接地压力。 压力传感器可设置于 起重机的承重轮上或起重机的其他适当位置。或者,可通过角度传感器(例 如, 陀螺仪) 检测起重机的倾角。 角度传感器可设置于起重机的转台中心 或起重机的其他适当位置。 此外, 也可通过其他方式检测能够反映起重机 是否处于倾翻状态的状态信息。
在步骤 S102中, 判断起重机是否处于倾翻状态, 若起重机处于倾翻状 态, 则进入步骤 S103 , 否则, 则返回步骤 S101 , 继续检测起重机的状态。 在本步骤中, 当利用压力传感器检测起重机的接地压力时, 可通过比较起 重机的接地压力与压力阈值来判断起重机是否处于倾翻状态。 其中, 若起 重机的接地压力小于或等于压力阈值, 则起重机处于倾翻状态, 若起重机 的接地压力大于压力阈值, 则起重机处于正常工作状态。 当利用角度传感 器检测起重机的倾角时, 可通过比较起重机的倾角与倾角阈值来判断起重 机是否处于倾翻状态。 其中, 若起重机的倾角大于或等于倾角阈值, 则起 重机处于倾翻状态, 若起重机的倾角小于倾角阈值, 则起重机处于正常工 作状态。 压力阈值和倾角阈值可根据起重机的类型进行预先设定, 例如倾 角阈值可设置为 30度。
在步骤 S103中, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态。 在本步骤中, 首先停止起重机的当前作业, 并至少切断对起重机的起吊作业和前进作业 的人工操作, 优选可切断对起重机的全部人工操作。 随后, 控制起重机反 向行驶, 进而使起重机退出倾翻状态。 起重机的反向行驶速度优选小于之 前起重机的前进速度, 例如为前进速度的一半。 在本实施例中, 步骤 S102 和步骤 S103可由可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller, PLC) 或其他适当类型的控制器以自动方式实现。
本实施例的防倾翻方法能够有效地检测起重机是否处于倾翻状态, 并 在起重机处于倾翻状态时, 以自动方式控制起重机退出倾翻状态, 能够有 效地避免倾翻事故的发生。 进一步, 由于在发现起重机处于倾翻状态后, 立即停止起重机的当前操作, 并切断对起重机的起吊作业和前进作业的人 工操作, 随后以自动方式实现起重机从倾翻状态的退出, 可以进一步有效 地避免由于继续起重机的当前作业以及人工操作不当所导致的起重机的加 速倾翻。
请参见图 2,图 2是根据本发明第二实施例的起重机的防倾翻方法的流 程图。 如图 2所示, 本实施例的防倾翻方法包括如下步骤。
在步骤 S201中, 检测起重机的接地压力。
在步骤 S202中, 比较起重机的接地压力与压力阈值, 若起重机的接地 压力小于或等于压力阈值, 则表示起重机处于倾翻状态, 进入步骤 S203 , 否则, 则表示起重机处于正常工作状态, 返回步骤 S201 , 继续检测起重机 的接地压力。
在步骤 S203中, 停止起重机的当前作业, 并至少切断对起重机的起吊 作业和前进作业的人工操作, 并优选切断对起重机的全部人工操作。 通过 步骤 S203可有效地避免继续起重机的当前作业以及后续人工操作不当所导
量或总重量大于或等于对应的重量阈值, 则表示起重机吊有重物, 若吊起 重量或总重量小于对应的重量阈值, 则表示起重机未吊有重物。 当使用雷 达传感器时, 可向重物所在方向发射探测信号, 并通过分析检测到的回波 信号来确定起重机是否吊有重物。
在步骤 S205中, 控制起重机加速释放重物, 并在加速释放重物的过程 中检测起重机的接地压力。 在本步骤中, 起重机加速释放重物时重物对起 重机的拉力小于未加速释放重物的拉力, 使得起重机朝倾翻方向的反方向 翻转, 进而避免了起重机朝倾翻方向继续翻转。
在步骤 S206中, 将在起重机加速释放重物过程中检测到的接地压力与 压力阈值进行比较, 若接地压力大于压力阈值, 则进入步骤 S207, 否则, 则返回步骤 S205 , 继续加速释放重物, 以使得起重机进一步反向翻转。
在步骤 S207中,控制起重机反向行驶,并检测起重机的反向行驶距离。 在本步骤中, 可利用本领域公知的各种距离传感器检测起重机的反向行驶 距离。 例如, 可通过检测随起重机反向行驶转动的特定转轴的转动角度来 获取起重机的反向行驶距离。
在步骤 S208中, 比较起重机的反向行驶距离与距离阈值, 若反向行驶 距离大于或等于距离阈值, 则进入步骤 S209, 否则, 则返回步骤 S207 , 控 制起重机进一步反向行驶。 距离阈值可根据起重机的类型进行预先设定, 例如距离阈值可设定为 1米。
在步骤 S209中,控制起重机停止反向行驶,随后控制起重机收起重物, 以阻止重物的进一步释放, 同时检测重物的释放速度。 在本步骤中, 可利 用本领域公知的各种速度传感器来检测重物的释放速度。 例如, 可通过检 测随重物的释放过程转动的特定转轴的转速获得重物的释放速度。
在步骤 S210中, 判断重物的释放速度是否小于或等于 0, 若重物的释 放速度小于或等于 0, 则进入步骤 S211 , 否则, 则返回步骤 S209, 控制起 重机进一步收起重物。 在步骤 S211中, 控制起重机停止收起重物, 并恢复步骤 S203中切断 的人工操作, 使得起重机恢复到正常工作状态。
本实施例的防倾翻方法在第一实施例的基础上进一步在起重机吊有重 物时通过加速释放重物来使得起重机朝倾翻方向的反方向翻转, 进一步提 高了防倾翻效果。 值得注意的是, 在本实施例中, 也可通过检测起重机的 倾角来代替检测起重机的接地压力。 此时, 在步骤 S201中检测起重机的倾 角, 在步骤 S202中判断起重机的倾角是否大于或等于角度阈值, 若起重机 的倾角大于或等于角度阈值, 则进入步骤 203, 否则, 则返回步骤 S201 , 而在步骤 S206中。 判断起重机加速释放重物时的倾角是否小于角度阈值, 若小于角度阈值, 则进入步骤 S207, 否则返回步骤 S205。
请参见图 3,图 3是根据本发明第三实施例的起重机的防倾翻系统的示 意框图。 如图 3所示, 本实施例的防倾翻系统包括控制器 301、倾翻传感器 302、 重物传感器 303、 距离传感器 304以及速度传感器 305。
在本实施例中, 倾翻传感器 302可以是用于检测起重机的接地压力的 压力传感器或检测起重机的倾角的角度传感器。 其中, 压力传感器可设置 于起重机的承重轮或其他适当位置, 而角度传感器可设置于起重机的转台 中心或其他适当位置。 如上文所述, 压力传感器可以是陶瓷压力传感器或 本领域公知的其他压力传感器, 角度传感器可以是陀螺仪或本领域公知的 其他角度传感器。 控制器 301用于根据倾翻传感器 302的检测结果判断起 重机是否处于倾翻状态。 例如, 当倾翻传感器 302为压力传感器时, 控制 器 301 比较起重机的接地压力与压力阈值, 若起重机的接地压力小于或等 于压力阈值, 则起重机处于倾翻状态, 若起重机的接地压力大于压力阈值, 则起重机处于正常工作状态。 当倾翻传感器 302为角度传感器时, 控制器 301比较起重机的倾角与倾角阈值, 若起重机的倾角大于或等于倾角阈值, 则起重机处于倾翻状态, 若起重机的倾角小于倾角阈值, 则起重机处于正 常工作状态。 当起重机处于倾翻状态时, 控制器 301 以自动方式停止起重机的当前 作业, 至少切断对起重机的起吊作业和前进作业的人工操作, 并控制起重 机反向行驶。 如上文所述, 控制器 301 可以是可编程逻辑控制器或其他适 当类型的控制器。
在本实施例中, 重物传感器 303用于检测表示起重机是否吊有重物的 信息。 如上文所述, 重物传感器 303 可以是重力传感器、 雷达传感器或其 他适当类型的传感器。 控制器 301根据重物传感器 303的检测结果判断起 重机是否吊有重物。 当起重机吊有重物时, 控制器 301 在控制起重机反向 行驶之前控制起重机加速释放重物, 使得起重机朝倾翻方向的反方向翻转。 当起重机未吊有重物时, 控制器 301直接控制起重机进行反向行驶。
在起重机加速释放重物的过程中, 控制器 301进一步比较压力传感器 检测的接地压力与压力阈值或者比较角度传感器检测的倾角与倾角阈值, 当接地压力大于压力阈值或者倾角小于倾角阈值时, 控制器 301 控制起重 机反向行驶。
距离传感器 304用于检测起重机的反向行驶距离。 如上文所述, 可利 用本领域公知的各种距离传感器检测起重机的反向行驶距离。 例如, 可通 过检测随起重机反向行驶转动的特定转轴的转动角度来获取起重机的反向 行驶距离。 控制器 301 比较反向行驶距离与距离阈值, 并在反向行驶距离 大于或等于距离阈值时, 控制起重机停止反向行驶, 并控制起重机收起重 物。
速度传感器 305用于在起重机收起重物的过程中检测重物的释放速度。 如上文所述, 可利用本领域公知的各种速度传感器来检测重物的释放速度。 例如, 可通过检测随重物的释放过程转动的特定转轴的转速获得重物的释 放速度。控制器 301判断释放速度是否小于或等于 0, 当释放速度小于或等 于 0, 控制起重机停止收起重物, 并恢复起重机的人工操作。
通过上述方式, 本发明的起重机的防倾翻方法及系统能够有效地检测 起重机是否处于倾翻状态, 并在起重机处于倾翻状态时, 以自动方式控制 起重机退出倾翻状态, 能够有效地避免倾翻事故的发生。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例, 并非因此限制本发明的专利范围, 凡 是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换, 或直接 或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域, 均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围 内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种起重机的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 所述防倾翻方法包括: 检测起重机的状态;
判断所述起重机是否处于倾翻状态;
当所述起重机处于倾翻状态时, 以自动方式控制所述起重机退出倾翻状 态。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 所述检测起重机 的状态的步骤包括:
检测所述起重机的接地压力或倾角;
所述判断所述起重机是否处于倾翻状态的步骤包括:
比较所述接地压力与压力阈值或者比较所述倾角与倾角阈值; 当所述接地压力小于或等于所述压力阈值或者所述倾角大于或等于所 述倾角阈值时, 所述起重机处于倾翻状态。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 所述以自动方式 控制所述起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤包括:
停止所述起重机的当前作业,并至少切断对所述起重机的起吊作业和前 进作业的人工操作;
控制所述起重机反向行驶。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 在所述控制所述 起重机反向行驶的步骤之前,所述以自动方式控制所述起重机退出倾翻状态 的步骤进一步包括: 判断所述起重机是否吊有重物;
当所述起重机吊有重物时, 控制所述起重机加速释放所述重物; 在所述重物的加速释放过程中, 检测所述起重机的接地压力或倾角; 比较所述接地压力与压力阈值或者比较所述倾角与倾角阈值; 当所述接地压力大于所述压力阈值或者所述倾角小于所述倾角阈值时, 控制所述起重机反向行驶。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 所述以自动方式 控制所述起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤进一步包括:
在所述起重机的反向行驶过程中, 检测所述起重机的反向行驶距离; 比较所述反向行驶距离与距离阈值;
当所述反向行驶距离大于或等于所述距离阈值时,控制所述起重机停止 反向行驶, 并控制所述起重机收起所述重物。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的防倾翻方法, 其特征在于, 所述以自动方式 控制所述起重机退出倾翻状态的步骤进一步包括:
在所述起重机收起所述重物的过程中检测所述重物的释放速度; 判断所述释放速度是否小于或等于 0;
当所述释放速度小于或等于 0时, 控制所述起重机停止收起所述重物, 并恢复所述起重机的人工操作。
7、 一种起重机的防倾翻系统, 其特征在于, 所述防倾翻系统包括: 倾翻传感器, 用于检测所述起重机的状态;
控制器,用于根据所述倾翻传感器的检测结果判断所述起重机是否处于 倾翻状态, 当所述起重机处于倾翻状态时, 所述控制器以自动方式停止所述 起重机的当前作业, 至少切断对所述起重机的起吊作业和前进作业的人工操 作, 并控制所述起重机反向行驶。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的防倾翻系统, 其特征在于, 所述倾翻传感器 为用于检测所述起重机的接地压力的压力传感器或用于检测所述起重机的 倾角的角度传感器,所述控制器比较所述接地压力与压力阈值或者比较所述 倾角与倾角阈值, 当所述接地压力小于或等于所述压力阈值或者所述倾角大 于或等于所述倾角阈值时, 所述起重机处于倾翻状态。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的防倾翻系统, 其特征在于, 所述防倾翻系统 进一步包括重物传感器,所述控制器根据所述重物传感器的检测结果判断所 述起重机是否吊有重物, 并当所述起重机吊有重物时, 在所述起重机反向行 驶之前控制所述起重机加速释放所述重物,所述控制器进一步比较所述压力 传感器在所述起重机加速释放所述重物过程中检测的所述接地压力与所述 压力阈值或者比较所述角度传感器在所述起重机加速释放所述重物过程中 检测的所述倾角与所述倾角阈值, 当所述接地压力大于所述压力阈值或者所 述倾角小于所述倾角阈值时, 控制所述起重机反向行驶。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的防倾翻系统, 其特征在于, 所述防倾翻系统 进一步包括距离传感器,所述距离传感器用于检测所述起重机的反向行驶距 离, 所述控制器比较所述反向行驶距离与距离阈值, 当所述反向行驶距离大 于或等于所述距离阈值时, 控制所述起重机停止反向行驶, 并控制所述起重 机收起所述重物。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的防倾翻系统, 其特征在于, 所述防倾翻系 统进一步包括速度传感器,所述速度传感器用于在所述起重机收起所述重物 的过程中检测所述重物的释放速度,所述控制器判断所述释放速度是否小于 或等于 0, 当所述释放速度小于或等于 0时, 控制所述起重机停止收起所述
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