WO2013054859A1 - 植生基盤および植物の育成方法 - Google Patents
植生基盤および植物の育成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054859A1 WO2013054859A1 PCT/JP2012/076362 JP2012076362W WO2013054859A1 WO 2013054859 A1 WO2013054859 A1 WO 2013054859A1 JP 2012076362 W JP2012076362 W JP 2012076362W WO 2013054859 A1 WO2013054859 A1 WO 2013054859A1
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- vegetation base
- knitted fabric
- plant
- culture
- vegetation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant growing method and a vegetation base used therein.
- it can be suitably used as a greening method for wasteland where it is difficult for plants to grow, and it has excellent resistance to UV degradation and can be moved and transported as desired even after vegetation is formed.
- the present invention relates to a vegetation base that can grow plants with soil improvement and improvement and a method for growing plants using the same.
- the vegetation foundation forming body side and the vegetation foundation forming body that can be easily formed as a vegetation foundation, and the method of forming vegetation using the same is relatively simple, lightweight and thin, and the construction site is not limited.
- a tubular vegetation base comprising a circular knitted fabric having a cover factor value of 5 to 20 and a bursting strength of 300 kpa or more in a constant length count display of a knitted fabric based on JISL 1018 knitted synthetic fiber yarn
- There are proposals for vegetation base forming bodies filled with side bodies for forming bodies and cultures. Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 2 a method has also been proposed in which a hole is formed in a part of a side surface of a similar tubular knitted fabric to expose an internal culture, and seeds and seedlings are planted and rooted there.
- Patent Document 2 there were problems such as culture leaking from the hole and tearing of the knitted fabric from the hole.
- the sand movement prevention method is such that the mounting pitch of the cylindrical sand sac is 3 to 30 pieces / 10 m, and the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical sand sac is 10 to 400 cm 2 .
- a method for forming and improving vegetation has been proposed in which a desired plant is grown on a sandy ground between a cylindrical sandbag placed in a crossing manner and another cylindrical sandbag (Patent Document 3).
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problems of conventional vegetation bases and conventional vegetation methods in view of the above-mentioned points, and to grow plants even in places where there is no soil originally in the wasteland greening method where plants are difficult to grow.
- a method and a vegetation base that can be suitably used for the method are provided.
- the present invention relates to the following (1) to (5).
- a vegetation base comprising cylindrical knitted fabrics knitted with multifilament fibers made of aliphatic polyester and filled with a culture in the knitted fabrics adjacent to each other.
- a method for growing a plant comprising planting seeds or seedlings in a culture placed in the concave portion of the vegetation base according to (3) and growing the plant.
- a method for growing a plant comprising arranging the vegetation base according to any one of (1) to (3) so as to constitute a plurality of parallel ridges and growing the plant.
- the vegetation base of the present invention according to the above (1) to (3), there is an effect that the deterioration due to ultraviolet rays is slow. If desired, it is excellent in mobility and transportability, especially when it is desired to move and transport even after formation of vegetation. Moreover, it is possible to easily provide a vegetation base excellent in plant growth at low cost.
- a desired plant (ground cover plant or agricultural product) can be obtained at a low cost without a culture. Can also be trained.
- a desired plant (mainly a crop cultivated in a field) is managed using the above-described vegetation base of the present invention. It can be grown with soil.
- FIG. 1 shows a use state of the vegetation base of the present invention, and is a schematic sectional view cut in a direction perpendicular to the ground.
- Fig.2 (a) and FIG.2 (b) show the example of the use condition of the vegetation base of this invention, and are the top views which looked at the state put on the ground from the upper part,
- FIG.2 (a) A cylindrical knitted fabric is shown zigzag and placed in parallel, and
- FIG. 2B shows a cylindrical knitted fabric placed in a spiral shape.
- FIG. 3 shows another example of the usage state of the vegetation base of the present invention, and is a schematic cross-sectional view cut in a direction perpendicular to the ground in the same manner as FIG. FIGS.
- 4 (a) and 4 (b) both show examples of the usage state of the vegetation base of the present invention, and are partially sectional perspective views of the state placed on the ground as viewed obliquely from above. It shows an example of forming a field over a wide area by placing two straight lines parallel to each other in parallel to form a single bowl shape, with an appropriate interval between the bowls.
- 4A is based on the usage method shown in FIG. 1
- FIG. 4B is based on the usage method shown in FIG.
- the vegetation base of the present invention is formed by juxtaposing cylindrical knitted fabrics that are knitted using multifilament fibers (yarns) made of aliphatic polyester and filled with a filler such as a culture. It is characterized by this.
- Fig. 1 shows a state in which the cylindrical knitted fabrics are juxtaposed and are juxtaposed.
- Reference numeral 1 denotes a tubular knitted fabric knitted using multifilament fibers (yarns) made of aliphatic polyester.
- FIG. 1 six cylindrical knitted fabrics are juxtaposed side by side, but the number thereof is not particularly limited as long as it is two or more.
- “adjacent and juxtaposed” not only means “placed next to each other” but also means “placed substantially in contact with each other in parallel”. Yes, this is important.
- FIG. 1 is a preferred embodiment described in (3) of “Means for Solving the Problems” above, and on the side surfaces of two cylindrical knitted fabrics 1 that are juxtaposed adjacent to each other. A state is shown in which the culture 3 is placed and used in a recess formed above the boundary surface to be formed.
- the vegetation base of the present invention can be used even when the culture 3 is not placed in the recess.
- the vegetation base referred to in the present invention is not particularly limited in the shape, size, etc. of its outer shape, and may be any one as long as it is configured by juxtaposing the above-described cylindrical knitted fabrics adjacent to each other.
- the outer shape may be any of, for example, a square shape, a circular shape, and a parallelogram shape, and is not particularly limited.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows an example in which a single long tubular knitted fabric 1 is bent in a zigzag shape so that the outer shape is substantially rectangular and adjacent to each other. ) Shows an example in which a single long tubular knitted fabric is wound in a spiral shape to form a shape and adjacently arranged side by side.
- the culture 3 is placed in a recess formed above the boundary surface formed on the side surface of the tubular knitted fabric 1, and the culture is performed so as to form such a recess. It adjusts the degree of filling and the properties of the knitted fabric.
- a long cylindrical knitted fabric may be used in series or in parallel instead of using one.
- Fig. 2 (a) may be stacked in a box such as a wooden frame. In the case of stacking, it varies depending on the length of the root of the plant to be grown, but it is preferable to stack two or more stages. Overlaying improves the drainability, and because a layer containing air is formed between the bases, the growth of the plant is improved.
- the vegetation base of the present invention is configured to maintain both form and function as a vegetation base for several years after installation, and then to be naturally decomposed by the biodegradability of the tubular knitted fabric. This is achieved by using polylactic acid multifilament fiber, which is a biodegradable fiber with little deterioration against ultraviolet rays, in a tubular knitted fabric.
- polylactic acid multifilament fiber which is a biodegradable fiber with little deterioration against ultraviolet rays
- aliphatic polyesters those obtained by polycondensation of saturated dicarboxylic acid and diol, or those obtained by polycondensation of hydroxycarboxylic acid are preferably used.
- aliphatic polyesters obtained by polycondensation include polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-3hydroxyvalerate) copolymer, polycaprolactone And polypivalolactone, or a polyester comprising glycol such as ethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol and dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid or adipic acid.
- the polylactic acid multifilament is a multifilament fiber mainly composed of a polymer obtained by polymerizing an oligomer of lactic acid such as lactic acid or lactide.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing an oligomer of lactic acid such as lactic acid or lactide.
- the melting point is high, and the yarn strength and light resistance are also preferred.
- components other than lactic acid may be copolymerized as long as the properties of polylactic acid, in particular, biodegradability and UV resistance are not impaired.
- the lactide structure in the polymer is desirably 50% by weight or more.
- the lactic acid monomer is preferably 75% by weight or more, more preferably 96% by weight or more.
- the two types of optical isomers are blended to form fibers and yarns, and then heated to 140 ° C or higher.
- a stereocomplex in which racemic crystals are formed by heat treatment, and a knitting yarn is more preferable because the melting point can be dramatically increased.
- the weight average molecular weight of the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ aliphatic polyester is 50,000 to 500,000, since the balance between mechanical properties and spinning property is good.
- the molecular weight of polylactic acid is more preferably 100,000 to 350,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight.
- a fatty acid bisamide and / or an alkyl-substituted fatty acid monoamide is contained as a lubricant in a filament fiber made of an aliphatic polyester, the resulting fiber has excellent smoothness, so that the productivity of the tubular knitted fabric is improved. Therefore, it is preferable.
- carboxyl end groups on filament fibers made of aliphatic polyester, and the carboxyl end concentration is preferably 30 equivalents / ton or less based on the entire fiber. .
- the carboxyl end concentration is preferably 30 equivalents / ton or less based on the entire fiber.
- the carboxyl end group blocking agent it is preferable to select a trifunctional or higher functional epoxy compound as the terminal reactive substance. Furthermore, it is preferable from the viewpoint of improving hydrolysis resistance that a trifunctional or higher functional epoxy compound is reacted with at least a part of polylactic acid, and preferably with at least a part of the terminal of polylactic acid.
- the trifunctional or higher functional epoxy compound is a compound having three or more epoxy groups in one molecule.
- the total fineness (fineness of the knitting yarn) of the filament fiber made of aliphatic polyester is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 50 to 300 dtex.
- the thickness of the knitting yarn may be appropriately selected depending on the gauge of the knitting machine to be used, the type of the desired knitted fabric, and the like, but if too thin one is used, the strength of the tubular knitted fabric tends to be weakened. Moreover, it will become difficult to knit if too thick. Moreover, the quality of the obtained knitted fabric is inferior, and the tubular knitted fabric tends to be hard, and as a result, the handleability in the later vegetation base form may be poor.
- a more preferable range of the total fineness of the polylactic acid multifilament fiber used for the knitting yarn is 100 to 200 dtex.
- the single fiber fineness of filament fibers made of aliphatic polyester is preferably about 1 to 10 dtex. If too thin ones are used, the strength of the circular knitted fabric is weakened due to the occurrence of fuzz during handling or use as a vegetation base formation body. In addition, when too thick one is used, the circular knitted fabric tends to be coarse and hard, and handling in later vegetation base formation work is not easy. In consideration of biodegradability and UV degradation resistance, it is more preferably about 3 to 5 dtex.
- Examples of the form of the multifilament yarn made of aliphatic polyester include the following. Straight-drawn yarn without crimps, false-twisted yarn with bulkiness and stretchability due to the formation of multifilament yarns in a straight state and then crimped by heat and twist, air turbulence Various textured yarns represented by bulky processed yarns having loop-like fluff in the longitudinal direction of the yarn side surface and different shrinkage difference mixed yarns obtained by mixing filaments of different materials.
- a bulky false twisted crimped yarn by fine and uniform three-dimensional crimping (helical crimping). Because the false twisted crimped yarn has both bulkiness and stretchability, this yarn softens the entire knitted fabric, and the gap between the stitches and the gap between the fibers are relatively easy to move, allowing the plant roots to pass through. It is preferable because it can be easily rooted.
- the CR value (index value indicating crimp fastness) that is an index of crimp characteristics is preferably 10% or more.
- the CR value is 10% or more, good bulkiness and stretchability can be obtained in the tubular knitted fabric.
- the CR value is preferably 15% or more, more preferably 20% or more, and the upper limit of the preferred range is 40%.
- the boiling water shrinkage of the multifilament made of aliphatic polyester is 25% or less because the dimensional stability of the tubular knitted fabric is good.
- the boiling water shrinkage is more preferably 20% or less, still more preferably 18% or less, and the lower limit of the preferred range is 3%.
- the tubular knitted fabric made of multifilament made of aliphatic polyester preferably has a bursting strength of the knitted fabric based on JIS L 1096 (2010) of 500 kpa or more. If this bursting strength is too small, the vegetation-based tubular knitted fabric may be broken when the tubular knitted fabric is filled with a culture, when the plant is transported after raising seedlings, or when the plant is installed after transportation. is there.
- This bursting strength is preferably 550 kpa or more.
- the upper limit of the burst strength is not particularly limited, but generally it is preferably about 2000 kpa. A burst strength value exceeding that level is generally considered unnecessary, and even a level of about 1000 kpa is sufficient in a normal case in practice.
- the air permeability of the tubular knitted fabric is preferably 50 to 500 cc / cm 2 / sec.
- the air permeability is less than 50 cc / cm 2 / sec, when the plant is used as a vegetation base, the root of the plant does not extend into the tubular knitted fabric, and the growth of the plant is generally poor due to poor air permeability and water permeability.
- Deteriorate Particularly preferred is 100 to 400 cc / cm 2 / sec.
- the weight of the tubular knitted fabric is preferably light when transported, and preferably 10 to 30 g / m.
- the “weight of the tubular knitted fabric” referred to in the present invention is represented by a weight (g) per unit length (1 m), whereas a general fiber cloth is represented by a weight per unit area. Is.
- the tube diameter of the tubular knitted fabric is preferably 10 to 40 cm as the width of the knitted fabric when the cylinder is crushed.
- the tubular knitted fabric made of multi-filament made of aliphatic polyester is excellent in ultraviolet ray resistance and is not easily deteriorated against ultraviolet irradiation.
- the bursting strength retention after 450 hours is preferably 70% or more. If the bursting strength in the same test is 70% or more, according to the knowledge of the present inventors, when the vegetation base is actually used in a place exposed to sunlight for more than half a day, the form is maintained for two years or more. can do. Furthermore, it is preferably 80% or more.
- the culture to be filled is preferably one having excellent nutrient retention and water retention, natural soil such as red crust, black soil, and Kanuma soil, artificial soil such as humus, park compost, vermiculite, peat moss, etc. Charcoal, coal burning residue, etc. may be properly used depending on the place and plant, including mixing. In addition, when used in a desert region where there is little rain, it is possible to mix a water-absorbing polymer as a part of the packing.
- the vegetation base of the present invention is filled with a culture on a tubular knitted fabric made of multifilaments made of aliphatic polyester and placed side by side.
- the vegetation vegetation base consists of a tubular knitted fabric, and the stitch loop has contractility, so that the root passes through the growth of the plant, but the soil does not get. Furthermore, the knitting yarns connected by the loop can move, and the bent portion is not torn when they are juxtaposed adjacent to each other.
- the culture filled in the inside of the cocoon-shaped knitted fabric can be used by filling with a material different from the soil constituting the ground on which the vegetation base is placed. Therefore, by filling and using healthy soil / culture without problems such as contamination, soil improvement and improvement of the land can be promoted in parallel with plant growth. Later, it is also possible to achieve the desired soil improvement.
- the culture and plant seeds and seedlings are formed in the recess formed above the interface between the adjacent cylindrical knitted fabrics.
- the roots of the seedlings that have been buried, germinated and planted can be raised as roots enter from the stitches of the tubular knitted fabric. This method is one preferred method of use.
- the tubular knitted fabrics arranged side by side can be firmly integrated by extending the roots of one plant into adjacent vegetation bases. After a plant has been nurtured or grown for a certain period of time, the vegetation base can be easily moved to another place for installation.
- the adjacent two ridges are formed so that the concave portion formed above the boundary surface formed by the side surfaces of two or more adjacent cylindrical knitted fabrics 1 is not formed as much as possible.
- One or more cylindrical knitted fabrics 1 can be brought together as much as possible, and a method of using seeds and seedlings in the upper part 5 in the boundary surface can be taken. By using it in this way, the same effect as that obtained by forming a cocoon in the field and planting seeds or seedlings in the middle can be obtained.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which two rows of ridges are formed using four cylindrical knitted fabrics.
- FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) show examples of the state where the vegetation base of the present invention is used so as to constitute a field fence, and the state placed on the ground is seen from obliquely above.
- FIG. Two tubular knitted fabrics are placed straight in parallel to form a single ridge, and a plurality of sets of the knitted fabric are arranged in parallel at appropriate intervals. In this case, an example is shown in which a field having many ridges over a wide area is formed.
- 4A is based on the usage method in which the concave portion shown in FIG. 1 is formed
- FIG. 4B is based on the usage method shown in FIG.
- the ridges to be formed may have a straight shape, or may have a shape that is appropriately bent in accordance with the topography. When plants are grown in this manner, it becomes easy to grow them in a desired culture while enjoying the advantage of growing plants with straw.
- the type of plant to be vegetated is not particularly limited, grasses such as ginseng and fever, Sedum such as Mexican mannengusa, Morimuramanengusa, Sakasamanengusa, coral carpet, It is possible to cultivate a variety of short flowers such as lavender, santorina, rosemary and other herbs, and hedera.
- Such a plant is preferably used in such a manner that the vegetation base completely covers a specific area of the ground as shown in FIG.
- crops and vegetables such as corn, spinach, strawberry, eggplant, tomato, cabbage, sunflower, rapeseed, lupine, cosmos, etc. can also be grown in combination with the desired culture. .
- crops and vegetables such as corn, spinach, strawberry, eggplant, tomato, cabbage, sunflower, rapeseed, lupine, cosmos, etc.
- the vegetation base in a cage shape, it is possible to grow a desired plant (mainly a crop cultivated in a field) with a cocoon formed from a controlled desired culture soil. Can be grown under optimal conditions such as controlled culture (soil), location, etc.
- the method of the present invention is also effective when a kitchen garden or a flower bed is operated in a narrow limited place where there is essentially no soil, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. Each of the usages shown is optimal.
- the vegetation base of the present invention is transported and moved together after being grown to the certain size. They can be planted in wilderness or deserts that need to be greened, or they can be grown in open-air or house.
- the place where the vegetation base is installed is not particularly limited, but it can also be installed on rough or sandy terrain where it is difficult for plants to grow, on slopes where earth and sand easily flow, or on paved ground such as asphalt or concrete. .
- the root of the plant can pass from the vegetation base culture through the knitted fabric and further grow on the ground.
- the knitted fabric of the present invention is almost completely biodegraded and disappears in 5 to 10 years after installation, the plant will grow around the remaining culture.
- the vegetation base of the present invention After the vegetation base of the present invention is installed on agricultural land or the like, it can be used so that the biodegradation proceeds completely, or before the complete biodegradation, the vegetation base can be appropriately set according to the cultivated crop. It can also be replaced.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- E. Burst strength This is a value measured by JIS L 1018 8.17.1 A method (Murren type method).
- Air permeability This is a value measured by the JIS L 1906 (Fragile) method.
- the spinnability was good, there was no occurrence of yarn breakage or fluff, and there was almost no smoke immediately under the base.
- the undrawn polylactic acid yarn was unwound and its physical properties were measured. As a result, the total fineness was 117 dtex, the boiling water shrinkage was 15%, and the carboxyl end concentration was 22 equivalents / ton.
- the obtained false twist crimped multifilament yarn (167 dtex, 52 filaments) has a boiling water shrinkage of 8.2% and a CR value of 18%, and exhibits excellent dimensional stability and crimp characteristics. there were.
- Example 1 The polylactic acid multifilament yarn obtained in Production Example 3 has a hook diameter of 3.5 inches, a 22 gauge cylindrical knitting machine (width: 17 cm), a basis weight of 15 g / m, a bursting strength of 554 kpa, and an air permeability of 311 cc / cm 2 / sec.
- a tubular knitted fabric was produced, and further, a commercial cultivated soil was filled into the tubular knitted fabric to produce a vegetation base shape (length: 3 m). Further, the strength retention after the ultraviolet deterioration test of the obtained tubular knitted fabric was very good at 80%.
- Example 2 The two false twisted crimped yarns used in Example 1 are aligned, and the same knitting machine as in Example 1 is used to form a tubular knitting having a basis weight of 45 g / m, bursting strength of 2080 kpa, and air permeability of 59 cc / cm 2 / sec. A ground (width: 11 cm) was produced, and the tubular knitted fabric was filled with commercially available culture soil to produce a vegetation base (length: 3 m). Moreover, the strong retention after the ultraviolet ray degradation test of the obtained cylindrical knitted fabric was 78%, which was good.
- Example 3 When a field test was carried out by putting a culture in the recess formed above the boundary surface in the vegetation base of Example 1, the growth state was very good, there was no change in the appearance of the vegetation base, and the evaluation result was “excellent” Met.
- Example 4 The culture soil was put into the cylindrical knitted fabric made of polylactic acid multifilament used in Example 1, and several straight vegetation bases having a length of 20 m were prepared. The obtained vegetation base is juxtaposed adjacently on asphalt as shown in FIG. 4 (a), and the corn seeds are located above the boundary surface of the adjacent cylindrical knitted fabric as shown in FIG. 4 (b). When corn was cultivated by adding culture soil to the concave surface formed in the part 5, the growth state was very good, and there was no change in the appearance of the vegetation base.
- Comparative Example 1 Commercially available 167 dtex, 48 filament polyester false twist crimped yarn (Woolley type) with a 3.5 inch hook diameter, 22 gauge tube knitting machine, 15 g / m, burst strength 604 kpa, air permeability 289 cc / cm 2 / sec of the tubular fabric (width: 17cm) were prepared, further, this tubular knitted fabric was filled with commercial potting planting Court infrastructure (length: 3m) was prepared.
- Comparative Example 2 A vegetation base shape was created using the same tubular knitted fabric (width: 17 cm) as in Example 1, and a field test was conducted by placing the vegetation base in a concave portion of the vegetation base that was rolled up and juxtaposed without being buried. Since seeds are not buried and seeds move during water spraying and germination is biased, the growth state is somewhat bad, and vegetation bases that are rolled up and juxtaposed adjacently are not sufficiently joined together by roots, so it is difficult to carry Yes, the evaluation was “normal”.
- Comparative Example 3 Corn was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 4 using the tubular knitted fabric made of polyester used in Comparative Example 1, but the tubular knitted fabric made of polyester was partially degraded by ultraviolet rays and had holes. The culture soil put in the vegetation base was leaked and blown away by the wind, and the vegetation base changed in shape, resulting in a situation where the plant collapsed and the growth situation was poor, and the evaluation result was “impossible”.
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Abstract
Description
(1)脂肪族ポリエステルからなるマルチフィラメント繊維により編成され、かつ編成された編地内部に培養物が充填されてなる筒状編地を隣接して並置したことを特徴とする植生基盤。
(2)脂肪族ポリエステルがポリ乳酸からなることを特徴とする(1)記載の植生基盤。
(3)前記隣接した筒状編地同士の上方に生じた凹部に、さらに培養物が載置されていることを特徴とする(1)または(2)記載の植生基盤。
(4)(3)に記載の植生基盤の該凹部に載置された培養物に種または苗を植え、植物を成長させることを特徴とする植物の育成方法。
(5)(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の植生基盤を複数の並行な畝を構成するように配置し、植物を成長させることを特徴とする植物の育成方法。
クロロホルム溶液に脂肪族ポリエステルを溶解させた溶媒。これをゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ(GPC)を用い、クロロホルムを搬送溶媒として測定し、ポリスチレン換算で重量平均分子量を求めた。
筒状編地の中心を切り開いて幅を測定。n数を5として平均を求めたものである。
沸騰水収縮率は、次の式で求めた値である。
沸騰水収縮率(%)=[(L0-L1)/L0]×100
ただし、式中、L0は延伸糸をかせ取りして初荷重0.09cN/dtex下で測定したかせの原長であり、L1はL0を測定したかせを実質的に荷重フリーの状態で沸騰水中に15分間処理し、風乾後初荷重0.09cN/dtex下でのかせ長である。)
かせの試料長は、40cmとし、n数を5として平均値を求めたものである。
仮撚捲縮加工糸をかせ取りし、実質的に荷重フリーの状態で沸騰水中15分間処理し、24時間風乾した。このサンプルに0.088cN/dtex(0.1gf/d)相当の荷重をかけ水中に浸漬し、2分後のかせ長L'0を測定した。次に、水中で0.0088cN/dtex相当のかせを除き0.0018cN/dtex(2mgf/d)相当の微荷重に交換し、2分後のかせ長L'1を測定した。そして下式によりCR値を計算した。
CR(%)=[(L'0-L'1)/L'0]×100(%)
かせの試料長は、40cmとし、n数を5として平均値を求めたものである。
JIS L 1018 8.17.1 A法(ミューレン形法)で測定した値である。
JIS L 1906(フラジール)法にて測定した値である。
筒状編地をJIS B 7753法に準じ、1サイクルが照射180min/降雨12min、ブラックパネル温度63℃、湿度50%Rhの条件にて、サンシャインウェザーメーター(スガ試験機株式会社製)を用いて450時間の照射を実施した。照射前後で破裂強力を測定して強力保持率(%)を求めた。n数を5として平均値を求めたものである。
精秤した試料をo-クレゾール(水分5%)に溶解し、この溶液にジクロロメタンを適量添加した後、0.02規定のKOHメタノール溶液にて滴定することにより求めた。この時、乳酸の環状2量体であるラクチド等のオリゴマーが加水分解し、カルボキシル基末端を生じるため、繊維のカルボキシル基末端の全てを合計したカルボキシル基末端濃度が求まる。
筒状編地に市販の培養土を充填して、この端部を中心として、渦巻きのように外側に向かって並べ、編地同士が隣接するように置いた。編地同士が隣接した部分の凹部の中心に、キリン草(多年草)の種を15cm間隔に植えて下地がコンクリート面である屋外に放置して定期的に水を散布して育成し、2ヵ月後に植生基盤と一緒に移動させて地面に設置し、運搬性の評価および1.5年後の育成状態と植生基盤の外観を確認して、以下の基準による4段階のランク付け評価を行った。
優秀:生育状態が非常に良く、植生基盤の外観変化は全くなく、持ち運びが良好である。
秀:生育状態が良く、植生基盤の外観変化はなく、持ち運びが良好である。
普通:生育状態がやや劣るが、植生基盤の外観変化はないが、持ち運びが困難である。
不可:生育状態が悪く、植生基盤が著しく劣化して外観を保持していない、または、持ち運びが困難である。
(a)製造例1(ポリ乳酸の製造)
光学純度99.5%のL乳酸から製造したラクチドを、ビス(2-エチルヘキサノエート)スズ触媒(ラクチド対触媒モル比=10000:1)を存在させてチッソ雰囲気下180℃で140分間重合を行い、ポリ乳酸P1を得た。得られたポリ乳酸の重量平均分子量は14.5万であった。
ポリ乳酸P1とエチレンビスステアリン酸アミド(EBA)[日本油脂社製商品名「アルフローH-50S」]を乾燥した後、P1:EBA=96:4(重量比)となるように、加熱溶融したEBAを計量して連続的にP1に添加しながらシリンダー温度220℃の2軸混練押し出し機に供することで、EBAを4重量%含有したポリ乳酸P2を得た。
原料を重量比でポリ乳酸P1:ポリ乳酸P2=3:1となるようにチップブレンド(EBAは1.0重量%)し、100℃、8時間撹拌しながら真空乾燥を行った後、エクストルーダー型溶融押出機で220℃にて溶融・押出した後、220℃に加熱されたスピンブロックに設置された紡糸パックに溶融ポリマーを導き、孔径0.3mm、孔深度0.5mm、孔数26の口金から糸条を紡出し、紡糸速度5,000m/分で巻き取った未延伸糸を得た。紡糸性は良好であり、糸切れ、毛羽の発生は見られず、口金直下での発煙もほとんどなかった。また、ポリ乳酸未延伸糸を解舒し、その物性値を測定したところ、総繊度は117dtex、沸騰水収縮率は15%、カルボキシル末端濃度は22当量/tonであった。
製造例3で得られたポリ乳酸マルチフィラメント糸を釜径3.5インチ、22ゲージの筒編機(幅:17cm)で目付け15g/m、破裂強力554kpa、通気度311cc/cm2/secの筒状編地を作製し、更に、この筒編地に市販の培養土を充填して植生基盤形(長さ:3m)を作製した。また、得られた筒状編地の紫外線劣化試験後の強力保持率は80%と非常に良好であった。
実施例1で使用した仮撚捲縮加工糸を2本引き揃えて実施例1と同じ筒網機を用いて目付け45g/m、破裂強力2080kpa、通気度59cc/cm2/secの筒状編地(幅:11cm)を作製し、更に、この筒編地に市販の培養土を充填して植生基盤形(長さ:3m)を作製した。また、得られた筒状編地の紫外線劣化試験後の強力保持率は78%と良好であった。
実施例1の植生基盤に境界面の上方に生じた凹部に培養物を入れて実地試験を実施したところ、生育状態が非常に良く、植生基盤の外観変化は全くなく、評価結果は「秀」であった。
実施例1で使用したポリ乳酸マルチフィラメントからなる筒状編地に培養土を入れて長さ20mの直線状の植生基盤を数本作成した。得られた植生基盤をアスファルトの上に図4(a)に示すように隣接して並置し、図4(b)に示すようにトウモロコシの種を隣接する筒状編地の境界面内の上方部5に生じた凹面に培養土を入れてトウモロコシを育成したところ、生育状態は非常に良く、植生基盤の外観変化は全くなかった。
市販されている167デシテックス、48フィラメントのポリエステル仮撚捲縮加工糸(ウーリータイプ)を釜径3.5インチ、22ゲージの筒編機で目付け15g/m、破裂強力604kpa、通気度289cc/cm2/secの筒状編地(幅:17cm)を作製し、更に、この筒編地に市販の培養土を充填して植裁基盤(長さ:3m)を作製した。
実施例1と同じ筒状編地(幅:17cm)を用いて植生基盤形を作成し、丸めて隣接して並置した植生基盤の凹部に種を埋めずに置いて実地試験をした。種を埋めてないために水散布時に種が動き発芽が偏ってしまったために生育状態がやや悪く、また丸めて隣接して並置した植生基盤も根による接合も十分ではないために持ち運びが困難であり、評価は「普通」であった。
比較例1で使用したポリエステルからなる筒状編地を用いて、実施例4と同じ方法でトウモロコシの栽培を実施したが、ポリエステルからなる筒状編地が紫外線によって一部が劣化して穴が開き、植生基盤に入れた培養土が漏れて風で飛ばされ、植生基盤の形態が変化したため植物が倒れるなどの状況となり育成状況は不良であり、評価結果は「不可」であった。
本出願は、2011年10月13日出願の日本特許出願2011-225798に基づくものであり、その内容はここに参照として取り込まれる。
2:培養物(筒状編地内)
3:培養物(筒状編地凹部上)
4:地面
5:隣接する筒状編地の境界面内の上方部
Claims (5)
- 脂肪族ポリエステルからなるマルチフィラメント繊維により編成され、かつ編成された編地内部に培養物が充填されてなる筒状編地を隣接して並置したことを特徴とする植生基盤。
- 脂肪族ポリエステルがポリ乳酸からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の植生基盤。
- 前記隣接した筒状編地同士の上方に生じた凹部に、さらに培養物が載置されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の植生基盤。
- 請求項3に記載の植生基盤の該凹部に載置された培養物に種または苗を植え、植物を成長させることを特徴とする植物の育成方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の植生基盤を複数の並行な畝を構成するように配置し、植物を成長させることを特徴とする植物の育成方法。
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AU2012321759A AU2012321759B2 (en) | 2011-10-13 | 2012-10-11 | Vegetation bed, and method for cultivating plants |
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JP2001011833A (ja) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-16 | Unitika Ltd | 土木用袋体 |
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JP2561882B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-21 | 1996-12-11 | 豊 福住 | 建造物の緑化を目的とする植物の栽培方法 |
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JP3705651B2 (ja) * | 1996-05-14 | 2005-10-12 | 株式会社 彩光 | 植生基盤造成法 |
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JP2008111833A (ja) * | 2007-10-02 | 2008-05-15 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 尿中有形成分分類装置 |
JP5477637B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-05 | 2014-04-23 | 東レ株式会社 | 砂地における植物の育成方法 |
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JP2001011833A (ja) * | 1999-06-30 | 2001-01-16 | Unitika Ltd | 土木用袋体 |
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JP2020202788A (ja) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | ハニースチール株式会社 | 植物の栽培システム、繊維糸条体、及び、繊維糸条の製造方法 |
WO2020255804A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-12-24 | ハニースチール株式会社 | 植物の栽培システム、繊維糸条体、及び、繊維糸条の製造方法 |
JP7219969B2 (ja) | 2019-06-18 | 2023-02-09 | ハニースチール株式会社 | 植物の栽培システム、繊維糸条、及び、繊維糸条の製造方法 |
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