WO2013051173A1 - 光素子及び光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
光素子及び光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013051173A1 WO2013051173A1 PCT/JP2012/004184 JP2012004184W WO2013051173A1 WO 2013051173 A1 WO2013051173 A1 WO 2013051173A1 JP 2012004184 W JP2012004184 W JP 2012004184W WO 2013051173 A1 WO2013051173 A1 WO 2013051173A1
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- waveguide
- optical fiber
- optical element
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/30—Optical coupling means for use between fibre and thin-film device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/27—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means
- G02B6/2753—Optical coupling means with polarisation selective and adjusting means characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device
- G02B6/2766—Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
- G02F1/37—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation
- G02F1/377—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3775—Non-linear optics for second-harmonic generation in an optical waveguide structure with a periodic structure, e.g. domain inversion, for quasi-phase-matching [QPM]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element in which an optical fiber and a waveguide are coupled, and an optical element manufacturing method.
- Quasi-phase matching is performed using an element in which a polarization inversion structure is periodically formed in a ferroelectric crystal.
- the quasi phase matching is performed, for example, by giving a polarization inversion structure to the waveguide.
- a waveguide having a quasi phase matching function has, for example, a ridge structure.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the following waveguide manufacturing method. First, a ferroelectric crystal having a polarization inversion structure is directly bonded to a substrate. Then, a groove is formed around the portion of the ferroelectric crystal that is to become the waveguide. Thereby, a ridge-type waveguide is produced.
- Patent Document 2 discloses the following waveguide manufacturing method. First, a ferroelectric crystal having a domain-inverted structure is bonded to a substrate using an adhesive layer. Then, a groove is formed around the portion of the ferroelectric crystal that is to become the waveguide. Thereby, a ridge-type waveguide is produced.
- the light incident on the waveguide is guided to the waveguide using an optical fiber. For this reason, it is necessary to join an optical fiber and a waveguide.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optical element and a method for manufacturing the optical element that can easily determine the relative positions of the optical fiber and the waveguide.
- An optical element includes an optical fiber and a waveguide having a ridge structure having a convex cross section.
- a waveguide attachment portion is formed in a part of the optical fiber.
- the waveguide attachment portion is formed by cutting out a part of the optical fiber in a cross section passing through the core of the optical fiber in the extending direction of the optical fiber.
- a first recess is formed in the waveguide mounting portion. The first recess is formed by removing the core of the optical fiber. The ridge portion of the waveguide is fitted in the first recess.
- the manufacturing method of the optical element according to the present invention is as follows. First, a waveguide attachment portion is formed by cutting out the end face of the optical fiber in the direction in which the optical fiber extends in a cross section passing through the core of the optical fiber. Subsequently, the concave portion is formed by removing the core of the optical fiber exposed to the waveguide mounting portion. Next, positioning between the optical fiber and the waveguide is performed by fitting the ridge portion of the waveguide having a ridge structure with a convex section into the concave portion.
- the relative position of the optical fiber and the waveguide can be easily determined.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is sectional drawing which shows the 1st example of the manufacturing method of a waveguide member. It is sectional drawing which shows the 2nd example of the manufacturing method of a waveguide member.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of manufacturing the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the optical element which concerns on 2nd Embodiment.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views illustrating the configuration of the optical element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 3, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB ′ of FIG.
- This optical element includes an optical fiber 100 and a waveguide 220 having a ridge structure.
- a waveguide attachment portion 102 is formed in a part of the optical fiber 100.
- the waveguide attachment portion 102 is formed by cutting out a part of the optical fiber 100 in the extending direction of the optical fiber 100 (the left-right direction in the drawing) in a cross section passing through the core 120 of the optical fiber 100.
- a first recess 122 (FIG. 2) is formed in the waveguide attachment portion 102.
- the first recess 122 is formed by removing the core 120 of the optical fiber 100.
- a waveguide 220 having a ridge structure (ridge type waveguide) is fitted in the first recess 122.
- the waveguide 220 has a convex cross section.
- the waveguide 220 is formed, for example, by laminating two layers having different refractive indexes, and forming grooves on both sides of a portion serving as a light guide portion of one layer.
- the optical fiber 100 may enter light into the waveguide 220 (incident part) or guide light emitted from the waveguide 220 to the outside (exit part). Details will be described below.
- the end of the optical fiber 100 is exposed from the coating film 130.
- the waveguide attachment part 102 is provided in this exposed part.
- the waveguide attachment portion 102 is provided at the end of the optical fiber 100.
- the waveguide attachment portion 102 is formed by cutting out an end portion of the waveguide attachment portion 102 in a cross section passing through the core 120 in the extending direction of the optical fiber 100.
- a recess 104 is formed in a portion of the waveguide mounting portion 102 that faces the end of the waveguide member 200. The role of the recess 104 will be described when the method for manufacturing the optical element is described.
- the core 120 of the optical fiber 100 has a refractive index different from the surrounding by adding an additive (for example, Ge). Since the core 120 is added with an additive, the etching selectivity is different from that of other portions of the optical fiber 100 under specific etching conditions.
- an additive for example, Ge
- the waveguide member 200 has a structure in which a waveguide 220 is provided on the ridge forming surface 202 of the substrate 210.
- the cross-sectional shape of the ridge structure waveguide 220 is, for example, a quadrangle (rectangle), but may be a semicircular shape or a trapezoidal shape.
- the substrate 210 is made of a material having a refractive index lower than that of the waveguide 220, for example, LiNbO 3 having a constant ratio (stoichiometry composition). As shown in FIG. 2, the width of the substrate 210 is larger than the diameter of the optical fiber 100.
- the waveguide 220 is made of a ferroelectric crystal.
- the waveguide 220 may be formed of other materials such as quartz glass, silicon, or a compound semiconductor.
- the width of the waveguide 220 is smaller than the diameter of the core 120.
- concave portions 212 are formed on both sides of the waveguide 220 in the substrate 210.
- the recess 212 extends along the waveguide 220. In the plan view, the side surface of the recess 212 opposite to the waveguide 220 is positioned outside the optical fiber 100. For this reason, the substrate 210 is not in contact with the optical fiber 100.
- the ferroelectric crystal constituting the waveguide 220 periodically has a domain-inverted structure. For this reason, the optical element according to the present embodiment functions as a wavelength conversion device.
- the ferroelectric crystal constituting the waveguide 220 is, for example, LiNbO 3 to which Mg is added, but is not limited thereto.
- the fixing member 300 has a second recess 304 in the fixing surface 302 where the fiber is held.
- the second recess 304 is a groove having a V-shaped cross section, and the optical fiber 100 is inserted therein.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second recess 304 is an isosceles triangle such as a right-angled isosceles triangle.
- the cross-sectional shape of the second recess 304 is not limited to this. Parts of the fixed surface 302 located on both sides of the second recess 304 are joined to the ridge forming surface 202 of the substrate 210.
- the fixing member 300 is, for example, quartz glass, but may be ceramics or resin.
- the optical element includes a pressing member 400.
- the holding member 400 sandwiches and holds the optical fiber 100 with the fixing member 300.
- the pressing member 400 is formed of the same material as that of the fixing member 300.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a method for manufacturing the waveguide member 200.
- a polarization inversion structure is formed in the ferroelectric crystal 222.
- the ferroelectric crystal 222 is fixed on the substrate 210.
- This fixing method is, for example, direct joining.
- the ferroelectric crystal 222 is pressed against the substrate 210 and heated.
- the substrate 210 and the ferroelectric crystal 222 may be fixed to each other with an adhesive.
- the ferroelectric crystal 222 is pressed against the substrate 210. Note that low-melting glass may be used instead of the adhesive.
- the ferroelectric crystal 222 is thinned to a required thickness.
- the method of thinning the ferroelectric crystal 222 may be mechanical polishing, dry etching, or a method of scraping the ferroelectric crystal 222 from the side surface using a dicing saw. good.
- the surface of the ferroelectric crystal 222 that is coupled to another optical member is mirror-polished.
- the recess 212 is formed by a dicing saw or dry etching. Thereby, the waveguide 220 is formed.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the method for manufacturing the waveguide member 200.
- a ferroelectric crystal 222 is prepared.
- a polarization inversion structure is formed in the ferroelectric crystal 222.
- the refractive index of the region that becomes the substrate 210 in the ferroelectric crystal 222 is changed.
- the substrate 210 is formed.
- the substrate 210 is formed, for example, by subjecting the ferroelectric crystal 222 to proton exchange treatment.
- the proton exchange process is performed, for example, by annealing the ferroelectric crystal 222 in a state where the surface of the ferroelectric crystal 222 that is to be the substrate 210 is in contact with an acid such as benzoic acid.
- the recess 212 is formed by a dicing saw or dry etching. Thereby, the waveguide 220 is formed.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7, 8A, and 9A correspond to the AA ′ cross section of FIG. 8B and 9B correspond to the BB ′ cross section of FIG. 10 is a plan view of the optical fiber 100, the fixing member 300, and the pressing member 400 shown in FIG.
- the coating film 130 is removed from the end of the optical fiber 100.
- the pressing member 400 is fixed to the fixing member 300.
- the optical fiber 100 is fixed between the fixing member 300 and the pressing member 400.
- the end of the optical fiber 100 protrudes from between the fixing member 300 and the pressing member 400.
- the portion of the optical fiber 100 that protrudes between the fixing member 300 and the pressing member 400 is removed by polishing or the like. Thereby, the end surface of the optical fiber 100, the end surface of the fixing member 300, and the end surface of the pressing member 400 become the same surface.
- the dicing saw is inserted in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the optical fiber 100 from the pressing member 400 to the optical fiber 100.
- the recessed part 104 is formed.
- the bottom of the recess 104 is located inside the optical fiber 100 and below the core 120.
- the abrasive grains of the dicing saw for forming the recess 104 are fine enough that the side surface of the recess 104 becomes a mirror surface.
- portions of the upper half of the optical fiber 100 and the pressing member 400 that are located closer to the end than the recess 104 are removed by dicing or polishing. Thereby, the waveguide attachment part 102 is formed.
- the waveguide attachment portion 102 has a planar shape. However, at this stage, a part of the core 120, for example, about half remains.
- the core 120 is removed by etching. Thereby, the 1st recessed part 122 is formed.
- the etching solution used here contains, for example, HF.
- the core 120 may be removed by dry etching.
- the waveguide member 200 is placed on the waveguide attachment portion 102.
- the angle of the waveguide member 200 with respect to the optical fiber 100 is adjusted in a state where the waveguide 220 of the waveguide member 200 is fitted in the first recess 122, so that the optical axes of the waveguide 220 and the optical fiber 100 coincide.
- the end surface of the substrate 210 may be brought into contact with the surface of the optical fiber 100 that was the side surface of the recess 104.
- the ridge forming surface 202 of the substrate 210 and the fixing surface 302 of the fixing member 300 are fixed using an adhesive. In this way, the optical element shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is formed.
- the first recess 122 is formed by removing the core 120 of the optical fiber 100.
- the relative position between the optical fiber 100 and the waveguide member 200 is adjusted by fitting the waveguide 220 of the waveguide member 200 into the first recess 122. Therefore, the relative position between the optical fiber 100 and the waveguide 220 can be easily determined. Further, when the waveguide 220 is positioned, it is possible to suppress damage to the waveguide 220 having the ridge structure. Further, the manufacturing process of the optical element is not complicated.
- the optical fiber 100 is fitted in a second recess 304 formed on the fixing surface 302 of the fixing member 300.
- the ridge forming surface 202 of the waveguide member 200 is fixed to the fixing surface 302 of the fixing member 300. Therefore, after the optical element according to the present embodiment is manufactured, it is possible to prevent the waveguide 220 from being damaged by applying a force to the waveguide 220 of the waveguide member 200.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the optical element according to the second embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (BB ′ cross-sectional view) in the first embodiment.
- the optical element according to this embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality of optical fibers 100 are connected to different waveguides 220.
- a plurality of waveguides 220 are formed in one waveguide member 200.
- the structure and manufacturing method of each waveguide 220 are as described in the first embodiment.
- the plurality of optical fibers 100 are held by a single fixing member 300.
- a plurality of second recesses 304 are formed on the fixing surface 302 of the fixing member 300.
- the optical fiber 100 is inserted into each of the plurality of second recesses 304.
- the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the optical fiber 100 and the waveguide 220 can be arrayed easily and inexpensively. Further, it is possible to prevent the ridge-structured waveguide 220 from being damaged during the arraying.
- the waveguide member 200 was manufactured by the method shown in FIG.
- LiNbO 3 to which Mg was added was used, and for the substrate 210, quartz glass was used.
- the recess 212 was formed by dicing.
- the waveguide 220 has a domain-inverted structure. This polarization inversion structure had a period for converting the wavelength of infrared light (wavelength: 1064 nm) by SHG (second harmonic generation).
- the optical fiber 100 a single mode optical fiber was used. More specifically, the optical fiber 100 is a polarization maintaining optical fiber having a cutoff wavelength of 980 nm.
- the first recess 122 was formed by wetting the optical fiber 100 with a 10% HF aqueous solution for 15 minutes.
- an ultraviolet curable adhesive was used for fixing the waveguide member 200 and the fixing member 300.
- optical element formed in this manner satisfactorily wavelength-converted infrared light using SHG. For this reason, it was shown that this optical element can be used as a wavelength conversion device of a laser light source device.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1及び図2は、第1の実施形態に係る光素子の構成を示す断面図である。図3は、図1及び図2に示した光素子の平面図である。なお、図1は図3のA-A´断面図であり、図2は図3のB-B´断面図である。
図11は、第2の実施形態に係る光素子の構成を示す断面図であり、第1の実施形態における図2(B-B´断面図)に対応している。本実施形態に係る光素子は、複数の光ファイバ100を、互いに異なる導波路220に接続した構成を有している。
図5に示した方法で導波路部材200を製造した。導波路220にはMgを添加したLiNbO3を使用し、基板210には石英ガラスを使用した。凹部212は、ダイシングにより形成した。また、導波路220には分極反転構造を形成した。この分極反転構造には、赤外光(波長が1064nm)を、SHG(second harmonic generation)によって波長変換するための周期を持たせた。
Claims (10)
- 光ファイバと、
前記光ファイバの一部を、前記光ファイバのコアを通る断面で前記光ファイバの延伸方向に切り欠くことにより形成された導波路取付部と、
前記導波路取付部に形成され、前記コアを除去することにより形成された第1凹部と、
前記導波路取付部に取り付けられ、断面が凸形状であるリッジ構造の導波路と、
を備え、
前記導波路のリッジ部が、前記第1凹部に填め込まれている光素子。 - 請求項1に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路取付部は、前記光ファイバの端部に設けられている光素子。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の光素子において、
前記光ファイバと前記導波路とを互いに固定する固定部材を備える光素子。 - 請求項3に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路は、基板上に設けられており、
平面視において、前記基板の幅は前記光ファイバの直径よりも大きく、
前記固定部材は、
前記基板のうち前記導波路が形成されている面に固定される固定面と、
前記固定面に設けられ、前記光ファイバが填め込まれる第2凹部と、
を備える光素子。 - 請求項4に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路は、前記基板に直接接合されている光素子。 - 請求項4に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路は、接着層を用いて前記基板に接合されている光素子。 - 請求項4に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路及び前記基板は、一つの基材を用いて形成されており、
前記導波路及び前記基板の一方は、前記基材の屈折率を変更することにより形成されている光素子。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の光素子において、
前記導波路は、強誘電体結晶により形成されており、
前記強誘電体結晶は、分極反転構造を有する光素子。 - 光ファイバの端面を、前記光ファイバのコアを通る断面で前記光ファイバの延伸方向に切り欠くことにより導波路取付部を形成し、
前記導波路取付部に露出した前記コアを除去することにより、凹部を形成し、
断面が凸形状であるリッジ構造の導波路のリッジ部を、前記凹部に填めることにより、前記光ファイバと前記導波路の間の位置決めを行う、光素子の製造方法。 - 請求項9に記載の光素子の製造方法において、
前記コアはエッチングにより除去される、光素子の製造方法。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2011221858A JP2013083702A (ja) | 2011-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | 光素子及び光素子の製造方法 |
CA2817856A CA2817856A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2012-06-28 | Optical element and method of manufacture of optical element |
DE112012000197T DE112012000197T5 (de) | 2011-10-06 | 2012-06-28 | Optisches Element und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines optischen Elements |
TW101136496A TW201319648A (zh) | 2011-10-06 | 2012-10-03 | 光元件及光元件之製造方法 |
US13/893,873 US20130243366A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-14 | Optical element and method of manufacture of optical element |
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JP2011221858A JP2013083702A (ja) | 2011-10-06 | 2011-10-06 | 光素子及び光素子の製造方法 |
JP2011-221858 | 2011-10-06 |
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US13/893,873 Continuation US20130243366A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-05-14 | Optical element and method of manufacture of optical element |
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JP (1) | JP2013083702A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2817856A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE112012000197T5 (ja) |
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TWI703359B (zh) * | 2017-05-22 | 2020-09-01 | 以色列商魯姆斯有限公司 | 具有光學截斷邊緣的導光裝置及其對應的生產方法 |
JP7024359B2 (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2022-02-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 光ファイバ接続構造 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01205109A (ja) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-17 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 光導波回路に光ファイバを接続する方法 |
JPH0573605U (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-10-08 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光導波路と光ファイバの接続構造 |
JPH08201649A (ja) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光導波路と光ファイバとの接続構造および接続方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JP3753236B2 (ja) | 2001-11-02 | 2006-03-08 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 波長変換素子用薄膜基板の製造方法及び波長変換素子の製造方法 |
JP2011075604A (ja) | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Oki Electric Industry Co Ltd | 波長変換素子の製造方法 |
JP2011221858A (ja) | 2010-04-12 | 2011-11-04 | Toshiba Tec Corp | 商品販売データ処理装置 |
-
2011
- 2011-10-06 JP JP2011221858A patent/JP2013083702A/ja active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-06-28 CA CA2817856A patent/CA2817856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-06-28 DE DE112012000197T patent/DE112012000197T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-06-28 WO PCT/JP2012/004184 patent/WO2013051173A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-10-03 TW TW101136496A patent/TW201319648A/zh unknown
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2013
- 2013-05-14 US US13/893,873 patent/US20130243366A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01205109A (ja) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-17 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 光導波回路に光ファイバを接続する方法 |
JPH0573605U (ja) * | 1992-03-04 | 1993-10-08 | 京セラ株式会社 | 光導波路と光ファイバの接続構造 |
JPH08201649A (ja) * | 1995-01-26 | 1996-08-09 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | 光導波路と光ファイバとの接続構造および接続方法 |
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JP2013083702A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
CA2817856A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
DE112012000197T5 (de) | 2013-07-25 |
US20130243366A1 (en) | 2013-09-19 |
TW201319648A (zh) | 2013-05-16 |
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