WO2013046245A1 - 車両用空調装置の更新方法および車両用空調装置 - Google Patents
車両用空調装置の更新方法および車両用空調装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013046245A1 WO2013046245A1 PCT/JP2011/005377 JP2011005377W WO2013046245A1 WO 2013046245 A1 WO2013046245 A1 WO 2013046245A1 JP 2011005377 W JP2011005377 W JP 2011005377W WO 2013046245 A1 WO2013046245 A1 WO 2013046245A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air conditioner
- compressor
- refrigerant
- vehicle
- inverter
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(fluoro)methane Chemical compound F[C]Cl KYKAJFCTULSVSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
- B60H1/00585—Means for monitoring, testing or servicing the air-conditioning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0018—Air-conditioning means, i.e. combining at least two of the following ways of treating or supplying air, namely heating, cooling or ventilating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
- B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
- B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
- B60H2001/3292—Compressor drive is electric only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02741—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using one four-way valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for updating a vehicle air conditioner mounted on a vehicle and a vehicle air conditioner.
- CFC chlorofluorocarbon
- HCFC hydrofluorocarbon
- an air conditioner for example, an air conditioner in which an HFC refrigerant having a high saturation pressure at the same temperature, for example, an R410A refrigerant, is used instead of the conventional R22 refrigerant as a refrigerant sealed in the refrigeration cycle.
- an air conditioner in which an HFC refrigerant having a high saturation pressure at the same temperature for example, an R410A refrigerant
- R410A refrigerant is used instead of the conventional R22 refrigerant as a refrigerant sealed in the refrigeration cycle.
- HFC refrigerants such as R407C and R410A are less efficient than HCFC refrigerants, and the cooling / heating capacity is reduced.
- HFC refrigerants such as R407C and R410A
- the vehicle air conditioner in the frame mounted on the vehicle needs to be configured to be housed in the frame even after the update.
- the updated air conditioner is restricted by the dimensions of the existing frame and cannot increase the size of the components. For this reason, when it updates to the vehicle air conditioner using HFC, without enlarging a component apparatus, there exists a subject that an air conditioning capability falls compared with before the update.
- the inverter that controls the air conditioner can be used for both an unupdated air conditioner and an updated air conditioner.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and a first object thereof is to increase the size of the vehicle air conditioner without increasing the time required for the design change and the period of the renewal work.
- the vehicle air conditioner renewal method and the vehicle air conditioner that can be stored in the frame and can ensure the same capacity as the air conditioning capacity before the renewal are obtained.
- the second object is to make it possible to use an inverter that controls an air conditioner for both an unupdated air conditioner and an updated air conditioner, and to simplify facility management accompanying the renewal of the air conditioner.
- An air conditioner renewal method and a vehicle air conditioner are obtained.
- the first air conditioner using the first refrigerant is installed in a frame mounted on the vehicle, and the second air conditioner uses the second refrigerant.
- a vehicle air conditioner updating method for updating to an apparatus wherein at least a first compressor of a first air conditioner, a first heat source side heat exchanger, a first pressure reducing means, and a first user side heat exchange.
- the first air conditioner has an assembly process that constitutes the second air conditioner, and a filling process that fills the second air conditioner installed in the frame with the second refrigerant.
- the pressure sensor provided on the discharge side of the second compressor is driven by an inverter that drives the compressor. Based on at least one of the measured values of the service and the outside air temperature sensor controls the second compressor, in which the refrigerant circulation amount of the second air conditioner is larger than the first air conditioner.
- the second air conditioner is configured by arranging a second compressor, a second heat source side heat exchanger, a second pressure reducing means, and a second usage side heat exchanger in a predetermined position in the frame.
- An inverter that drives the first compressor provided in the first air conditioner, the assembly process, and a filling step of filling the second air conditioner installed in the frame with the second refrigerant
- the second compressor is controlled based on the measured value of at least one of the pressure sensor and the outside air temperature sensor provided on the discharge side of the second compressor, and the refrigerant circulation amount of the second air conditioner is set to the first amount.
- air conditioners There are more than air conditioners. Thereby, it can comprise so that a vehicle air conditioner can be accommodated in a flame
- FIG. 2 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner before update according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner after update according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner after update according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a refrigerant charging step of the updated vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. It is a figure explaining the driving
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a vehicle air conditioner after updating according to Embodiment 2.
- Embodiment 1 FIG. [Configuration of vehicle air conditioner] First, the configuration of a vehicle air conditioner to which the vehicle air conditioner update method according to the first embodiment is applied will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a side surface of a vehicle equipped with a vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a plane of the vehicle equipped with the vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the vehicle on which the vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1 is mounted.
- a frame 8 is mounted on the roof 2 of the vehicle 1.
- a vehicle air conditioner 100 is housed in the frame 8. Further, the ceiling 3 installed inside the vehicle 1 is provided with an inlet 4 near the side and an outlet 5 near the center.
- the frame 8 communicates with the inside of the vehicle 1 through the air inlet 4 and the air outlet 5.
- the vehicle air conditioner takes in the air in the vehicle 1 from the air inlet 4 and discharges the air-conditioned air from the air outlet 5 into the vehicle 1.
- a duct 6 is provided between the ceiling 3 of the vehicle 1 and the bottom plate of the frame 8. Duct 6 forms an air passage for air blown out from vehicle air conditioner 100.
- the frame 8 is mounted on the roof 2 of the vehicle 1 .
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the frame 8 is mounted on the bottom surface of the vehicle 1. Also good.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of the vehicle air conditioner according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of the vehicle air conditioner according to the first embodiment. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement position of the indoor heat exchanger 12 in FIG. 4 by cutting
- the right half of FIG. 5 is a cross section showing the arrangement position of the compressor 11 in FIG. FIG. FIG. 4 shows a state where the top cover 82 is removed.
- the frame 8 has an outer shell formed of a side cover 81 and an upper cover 82.
- the inside of the frame 8 includes an outdoor unit 84 and an indoor unit 85 that are formed by being partitioned by a partition plate 83.
- an outdoor heat exchanger 14, an outdoor fan 30, and the like constituting the vehicle air conditioner 100 are arranged in the outdoor unit 84.
- an indoor heat exchanger 12, an indoor fan 20, and the like that constitute the vehicle air conditioner 100 are arranged in the indoor unit 85.
- Two compressors 11 and two indoor heat exchangers 12 are installed in the indoor unit 85, and two outdoor heat exchangers 14 are installed in the outdoor unit 84.
- the indoor fan 20 is shared by both indoor heat exchangers 12.
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner before update according to the first embodiment.
- the structural member of the vehicle air conditioner 100 before update is given a suffix “a”, and the updated component of the vehicle air conditioner 100 is suffixed with “b”. To distinguish the components before and after the update. Note that the same constituent members are not suffixed before and after the update.
- a vehicle air conditioner 100a includes a compressor 11a, a four-way valve 15, an indoor heat exchanger 12a, a decompression means 13a, an outdoor heat exchanger 14a, and an accumulator 16, which are sequentially connected by a refrigerant pipe to circulate the refrigerant.
- the circuit is configured.
- the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100a before the update is filled with an HCFC refrigerant such as R22 (hereinafter referred to as “old refrigerant”), for example.
- “Vehicle air conditioner 100a” in the present embodiment corresponds to “first air conditioner” in the present invention
- “compressor 11a” corresponds to “first compressor” in the present invention
- the “outdoor heat exchanger 14a” corresponds to the “first heat source side heat exchanger” in the present invention.
- the “decompression unit 13a” in the present embodiment corresponds to the “first depressurization unit” in the present invention
- the “indoor heat exchanger 12a” is the “first use side heat exchanger” in the present invention.
- the “old refrigerant” corresponds to “first refrigerant” in the present invention.
- Compressor 11a compresses and discharges the refrigerant.
- the compressor 11a is driven by a motor controlled by the inverter 200.
- the inverter 200 controls the operating frequency of the compressor by the control unit 300.
- the four-way valve 15 is a valve for switching the flow direction of the refrigerant.
- the four-way valve 15 enables switching between the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 14a functions as a refrigerant condenser
- the indoor heat exchanger 12a functions as a refrigerant evaporator.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 14a functions as a refrigerant evaporator
- the indoor heat exchanger 12a functions as a refrigerant condenser.
- the structure which can switch heating / cooling with the four-way valve 15 was demonstrated in this Embodiment, it is not limited to this. For example, it is possible to perform only the cooling operation or the heating operation without providing the four-way valve 15.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12a is composed of, for example, a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins. As described above, the indoor heat exchanger 12a functions as a refrigerant evaporator during cooling operation to cool the air inside the vehicle, and functions as a refrigerant condenser during heating operation to heat the air inside the vehicle.
- the indoor fan 20 sucks the air in the vehicle 1 and takes it into the indoor unit 85 of the frame 8. In addition, the indoor fan 20 supplies the vehicle 1 with the air heat-exchanged with the refrigerant by the indoor heat exchanger 12a in the indoor unit 85.
- the decompression means 13 is constituted by, for example, one or a plurality of capillaries (capillary tubes).
- the decompression means 13 decompresses the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant circuit.
- the decompression means 13 is not limited to a capillary tube, and may be a variable expansion valve or the like.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is composed of, for example, a cross fin type fin-and-tube heat exchanger composed of heat transfer tubes and a large number of fins. As described above, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a functions as a refrigerant condenser during the cooling operation, and functions as a refrigerant evaporator during the heating operation.
- the outdoor fan 30 sucks outside air into the outdoor unit 84 of the frame 8.
- the outdoor fan 30 discharges the air exchanged with the refrigerant to the outside of the frame 8 by the outdoor heat exchanger 14 a in the outdoor unit 84.
- the accumulator 16 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 11a and stores liquid refrigerant.
- the configuration in which the accumulator 16 is provided has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the accumulator 16 may be omitted.
- Refrigerant piping constituting the refrigerant circuit is provided with a refrigerant recovery port 50 and a refrigerant charging port 51 for charging the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant recovery port 50 is provided, for example, on the suction side of the compressor 11a, and the refrigerant charging port 51 is provided in a liquid line between the indoor heat exchanger 12a and the outdoor heat exchanger 14a.
- a pressure sensor 310 for measuring the refrigerant pressure is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 11a.
- the pressure sensor 310 is provided.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a pressure switch may be used.
- a temperature sensor 320 that measures the temperature of the outside air that exchanges heat with the outdoor heat exchanger 14a is provided.
- Control unit 300 controls the operating frequency of inverter 200 based on the measured value of at least one of pressure sensor 310 and temperature sensor 320. Further, the control unit 300 controls the indoor fan 20, the outdoor fan 30, and the four-way valve 15 based on measured values of the pressure sensor 310 and the temperature sensor 320, an operation setting input from an operation unit (not shown), and the like.
- the control unit 300 is configured by, for example, a microcomputer and operates according to preset information.
- the control unit 300 can be realized as software executed on the arithmetic device, or can be realized by hardware such as a circuit device that realizes this function.
- the “control unit 300” corresponds to “inverter control means” in the present invention.
- the vehicle air conditioner renewal method includes (1) a removal step, (2) an assembly step, and (3) a filling step.
- a removal step for removal of vehicle air conditioner.
- an assembly step for assembly of vehicle air conditioner.
- a refrigerant recovery device is connected to the refrigerant charging port 51 and the refrigerant recovery port 50 of the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100a to recover the refrigerant.
- the compressor 11a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a, the decompression means 13a and the indoor heat exchanger 12a, and the refrigerant pipe connecting these components are removed from the frame 8 among the components of the vehicle air conditioner 100a.
- the connection wiring of the inverter 200 is removed from the compressor 11a.
- the four-way valve 15, the accumulator 16, the indoor fan 20, the outdoor fan 30, etc. that are also used in the updated vehicle air conditioner 100 b may be removed to perform cleaning, replacement of parts, or the like.
- the removal process of removing the vehicle air conditioner 100a from the frame 8 is completed.
- FIG. 7 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner after update according to the first embodiment.
- a compressor 11b is a compressor for an alternative refrigerant in which the refrigeration oil used is compatible with the alternative refrigerant (second refrigerant).
- Both the indoor heat exchanger 12b and the outdoor heat exchanger 14b are heat exchangers suitable for alternative refrigerants.
- the decompression means 13b is a decompression means suitable for an alternative refrigerant. In addition, you may make it use also with the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b, without updating the decompression means 13a of the vehicle air conditioner 100a.
- the refrigerant pipe used for the vehicle air conditioner 100b is a pipe suitable for an alternative refrigerant.
- the four-way valve 15, the accumulator 16, the indoor fan 20, and the outdoor fan 30 of the vehicle air conditioner 100a are also used in the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b.
- the four-way valve 15 and the accumulator 16 may be omitted.
- the inverter 200, the control unit 300, the pressure sensor 310, and the temperature sensor 320 of the vehicle air conditioner 100a are also used in the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b.
- a part of the components of the vehicle air conditioner 100a is used in the updated vehicle air conditioner 100b.
- the present invention is not limited to this. For example, you may make it update the arbitrary structural members other than the above, or all the structural members.
- the sizes of the compressor 11b, the outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and the indoor heat exchanger 12b are substantially the same as or smaller than the compressor 11a, the outdoor heat exchanger 14a, and the indoor heat exchanger 12a, respectively. Yes.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100b is configured to be housed in the frame 8.
- the “vehicle air conditioner 100b” in the present embodiment corresponds to the “second air conditioner” in the present invention
- the “compressor 11b” corresponds to the “second compressor” in the present invention
- the “outdoor heat exchanger 14b” corresponds to the “second heat source side heat exchanger” in the present invention.
- the “decompression unit 13b” in the present embodiment corresponds to the “second depressurization unit” in the present invention
- the “indoor heat exchanger 12b” is the “second utilization side heat exchanger” in the present invention.
- the “alternative refrigerant” corresponds to the “second refrigerant” in the present invention.
- the compressor 11b, the four-way valve 15, the indoor heat exchanger 12b, the pressure reducing means 13b, the outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and the accumulator 16 are respectively arranged at predetermined positions and sequentially connected by refrigerant piping.
- connection wiring between the inverter 200 and the compressor 11b is performed.
- control of the control part 300 is changed so that the operating frequency of the inverter 200 may become higher than the time of control of the compressor 11a before update.
- the operating frequency of the inverter 200 is changed so as to increase by 5 to 10% compared to before the update.
- the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b becomes larger than the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100a.
- this setting change changes the content of information such as software preset in the control unit 300 to change the control of the control unit 300.
- the setting change is not limited to this.
- the setting may be changed by exchanging circuit devices or the like constituting the control unit 300.
- a changeover switch is installed in either the vehicle air conditioner 100b or the vehicle 1 after the update.
- the control unit 300 detects that the updated compressor 11b is connected by switching the changeover switch, the control unit 300 causes the compressor 11b to operate at a higher operating frequency than the operating frequency when the compressor 11a is driven.
- the inverter 200 is controlled so as to be driven.
- the control unit 300 detects that the changeover switch has not been switched, the control unit 300 controls the inverter 200 so that the compressor 11a is driven at the operating frequency before the update.
- the inverter 200 can be used for both the unupdated vehicle air conditioner 100a and the updated vehicle air conditioner 100b, and the facility management accompanying this update can be simplified.
- the compressor 11b may replace with a changeover switch and may provide a short circuit part (detection means) in the connector etc. of the connection wiring of the compressor 11b connected with the inverter 200, for example.
- the control unit 300 detects that the second refrigerant is used by the short-circuit unit, the compressor 11b is driven at an operation frequency higher than the operation frequency at the time of driving the compressor 11a.
- the inverter 200 is controlled.
- the control part 300 detects that the 2nd refrigerant
- the inverter 200 can be used for both the non-updated vehicle air conditioner 100a and the updated vehicle air conditioner 100b, and the facility management accompanying this update can be simplified. Information from the short-circuit unit is transmitted to the control unit 300 via the inverter 200.
- the assembly process of disposing the vehicle air conditioner 100b configured to be housed in the frame 8 in the frame 8 is completed.
- the frame 8 itself before update may be updated to a frame having substantially the same shape.
- FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the refrigerant filling step of the updated vehicle air conditioner according to Embodiment 1.
- the inside of the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b is evacuated to remove air and moisture in the refrigerant piping.
- the refrigerant filling port 51 provided in the vehicle air conditioner 100b and the refrigerant supply device 500 that supplies the alternative refrigerant are connected by, for example, a refrigerant filling hose.
- the refrigerant supply device 500 includes a cylinder equipped with an on-off valve 501.
- the connection port of the refrigerant recovery / refrigerant filling hose has a diameter that can be connected to the refrigerant recovery port 50 and the refrigerant charging port 51.
- the on-off valve 501 of the refrigerant supply device 500 is opened and the refrigerant supply device 500 fills the refrigerant circuit of the vehicle air conditioner 100b with the alternative refrigerant.
- the on-off valve 501 is closed and the connection between the refrigerant filling port 51 and the refrigerant supply device 500 is removed. As described above, the filling step of filling the vehicle air conditioner 100b with the alternative refrigerant is completed.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an operation state before and after the renewal of the vehicle air conditioner according to the first embodiment.
- the air conditioning capability of the vehicle air conditioner 100b after the update ensures the same capability as before the update.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100b can be stored in the frame 8 without increasing the size, and the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circuit is increased even when an alternative refrigerant having lower efficiency than the old refrigerant is used. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the same capacity as the air conditioning capacity before renewal.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12b and the outdoor heat exchanger 14b use heat exchangers suitable for alternative refrigerants, it is possible to ensure heat exchange capability before renewal. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the same capacity as the air conditioning capacity before renewal.
- size of the compressor 11b, the outdoor heat exchanger 14b, and the indoor heat exchanger 12b is made substantially the same or small compared with before update.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100b can be configured to be housed in the frame 8.
- the compressor 11, the indoor heat exchanger 12, and the outdoor heat exchanger 14 are updated even when the dimensions for housing them in the frame 8 are limited.
- the rear vehicle air conditioner 100b can be stored in the frame 8. Further, by making the size of the compressor 11b substantially the same, it is possible to shorten the time required for the design change from the vehicle air conditioner 100a before the update. In addition, the renewal work period can be shortened.
- the control of the control unit 300 is changed so that the operation frequency of the inverter 200 is higher than before the update, the refrigerant circulation amount of the refrigerant circuit is increased by changing the setting of the control unit 300. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the time required for the design change from the vehicle air conditioner 100a before the update. In addition, the renewal work period can be shortened.
- the setting of the control unit 300 is changed by changing the contents of the preset control information. For this reason, it is not necessary to change the hardware of the inverter 200 or the control unit 300, and the time required for the design change from the vehicle air conditioner 100a before the update can be shortened. In addition, the renewal work period can be shortened.
- the setting change of the control unit 300 is performed by providing a short-circuit unit in the changeover switch, the connector of the updated compressor 11b, etc., and detecting the refrigerant used in the refrigerant circuit to determine the operating frequency. Therefore, the inverter 200 can be used for both the non-updated vehicle air conditioner 100a and the updated vehicle air conditioner 100b, and the facility management accompanying this update can be simplified.
- the inverter 200 when a new vehicle air conditioner is installed in the vehicle 1 or when the vehicle 1 is newly manufactured, by providing the vehicle air conditioner manufactured according to the updated specifications, the inverter 200 is not connected. It can also be used for the updated vehicle air conditioner 100a, and the facility management associated with the new manufacture of the vehicle air conditioner can be simplified.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of the vehicle air conditioner after update according to the second embodiment.
- the control unit 300 in the present embodiment is provided with an output terminal 330 for outputting information set in the control unit 300.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given to the same portions.
- control unit 300 configured as described above is installed in the vehicle 1 or the updated vehicle air conditioner 100b.
- the control unit 300 may be the same as the vehicle air conditioner 100a before update, or may be newly installed.
- the vehicle air conditioner 100b after the update uses the alternative refrigerant by connecting the control unit 300 and the external information display device 400 via the output terminal 330 during or after the update operation. It is possible to output the information. Therefore, in the vehicle 1 in which the plurality of vehicle air conditioners 100 are installed, even if the vehicle air conditioner 100a using the old refrigerant and the vehicle air conditioner 100b using the alternative refrigerant are mixed, the update is performed. It is possible to prevent erroneous operation during work and to improve workability.
- the vehicle air conditioner manufactured according to the updated specifications is provided and used by the vehicle air conditioner.
- the vehicle 1 can easily check the refrigerant that is being used, and can prevent erroneous work during maintenance. It is possible to improve workability.
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Abstract
Description
これらに代わって、分子に塩素を含まないHFC(ハイドロフルオロカ-ボン)を使用する空調装置が実用化されている。CFCやHCFCを用いた空調装置が老朽化した場合、これらの冷媒は全廃・生産規制されているため、HFCを用いた空調装置に更新する必要がある。
また、空調装置の保全のため、圧縮機の交換を含めたオーバーホールを定期的に実施することが必要である。このときに、HFCを用いた空調装置に更新する必要がある。
しかしながら、車両に搭載されたフレーム内の車両用空調装置においては、更新後においてもフレーム内に収納可能に構成する必要がある。つまり、更新後の空調装置は、既設フレームの寸法に制約を受け、構成機器を大型化することができない。
このため、構成機器の大型化を行うことなく、HFCを用いた車両用空調装置に更新した場合、更新前と比較して冷暖房能力が低下するという課題がある。
第2の目的は、空調装置を制御するインバーターが、未更新の空調装置と、更新された空調装置の両方に使用できるようにし、空調装置の更新に伴う設備管理を簡便にすることができる車両用空調装置の更新方法および車両用空調装置を得るものである。
なお、以下の図面では、車両用空調装置の構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
[車両用空調装置の構成]
まず、実施の形態1に係る車両用空調装置の更新方法を適用する車両用空調装置の構成について説明する。
車両用空調装置は、吸気口4から車両1内の空気を取り込み、空気調和をした空気を吹出口5から車両1内へと吐出する。さらに、車両1の天井3とフレーム8の底板との間にはダクト6が設けられている。ダクト6は、車両用空調装置100から吹き出される空気の風路を形成している。
なお、以下の説明においては、更新前の車両用空調装置100の構成部材には符号に添字「a」を付し、更新後の車両用空調装置100の構成部材には符号に添字「b」を付して、更新前後の構成部材を区別する。なお、更新の前後で同じ構成部材には符号に添字を付していない。
更新前の車両用空調装置100aの冷媒回路には、例えばR22などのHCFC系冷媒(以下、「旧冷媒」という。)が充填されている。
また、本実施の形態における「減圧手段13a」は、本発明における「第1の減圧手段」に相当し、「室内熱交換器12a」は、本発明における「第1の利用側熱交換器」に相当し、「旧冷媒」は、本発明における「第1の冷媒」に相当する。
冷房運転時には、室外熱交換器14aを冷媒の凝縮器として機能させ、室内熱交換器12aを冷媒の蒸発器として機能させる。暖房運転時には、室外熱交換器14aを冷媒の蒸発器として機能させ、室内熱交換器12aを冷媒の凝縮器として機能させる。
なお、本実施の形態では、四方弁15により冷暖房を切り換え可能な構成の場合を説明したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、四方弁15を設けずに、冷房運転または暖房運転の何れかのみの運転でも良い。
なお、減圧手段13は、毛細管に限るものではなく、可変式膨張弁等でも良い。
なお、本実施の形態では、アキュムレータ16を設ける構成を説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、アキュムレータ16を省略しても良い。
室外熱交換器14aの近傍には、室外熱交換器14aと熱交換される外気の温度を測定する温度センサー320が設けられている。
なお、制御部300は、演算装置上で実行されるソフトウェアとして実現することもできるし、この機能を実現する回路デバイスなどのハードウェアで実現することもできる。その「制御部300」は、本発明における「インバーター制御手段」に相当する。
次に、車両1に搭載されたフレーム8内の車両用空調装置100aを、R407CやR410AなどのHFC系冷媒(以下「代替冷媒」という。)を用いる車両用空調装置100bに更新する方法について説明する。
車両用空調装置の更新方法は、(1)取外工程、(2)組立工程、(3)充填工程を有する。以下、それぞれの工程について説明する。
車両用空調装置100aの冷媒回路の冷媒充填口51および冷媒回収口50に冷媒回収装置を接続し、冷媒を回収する。回収後は、車両用空調装置100aの構成部品のうち、少なくとも、圧縮機11a、室外熱交換器14a、減圧手段13aおよび室内熱交換器12a、これらを接続する冷媒配管をフレーム8から取り外す。また、インバーター200の接続配線を圧縮機11aから取り外す。
なお、これに加えて、更新後の車両用空調装置100bでも使用する四方弁15、アキュムレータ16、室内ファン20、室外ファン30等も取り外して、洗浄や部品交換等を行うようにしても良い。
以上により、車両用空調装置100aを、フレーム8から取り外す取外工程を終了する。
まず、更新後の車両用空調装置100bの構成について説明する。
図7は実施の形態1に係る更新後の車両用空調装置の冷媒回路図である。
図7において、圧縮機11bは、使用される冷凍機油等が代替冷媒(第2の冷媒)に適合している代替冷媒用の圧縮機である。室内熱交換器12bおよび室外熱交換器14bは、共に代替冷媒に適した熱交換器である。また、減圧手段13bは、代替冷媒に適した減圧手段である。
なお、車両用空調装置100aの減圧手段13aを更新せずに、車両用空調装置100bの冷媒回路でも使用するようにしても良い。
なお、四方弁15、アキュムレータ16を省略する構成としても良い。
なお、本実施の形態では、上述したように、車両用空調装置100aの構成部材の一部を更新後の車両用空調装置100bでも使用することを説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば、上記以外の任意の構成部材、または全ての構成部材を更新するようにしてもよい。
また、本実施の形態における「減圧手段13b」は、本発明における「第2の減圧手段」に相当し、「室内熱交換器12b」は、本発明における「第2の利用側熱交換器」に相当し、「代替冷媒」は、本発明における「第2の冷媒」に相当する。
なお、設定変更はこれに限るものではない。例えば、制御部300を構成する回路デバイス等を交換することで、設定を変更するようにしても良い。
図8は実施の形態1に係る更新後の車両用空調装置の冷媒の充填工程の冷媒回路図である。
先ず、車両用空調装置100bの冷媒回路内を真空引きして、冷媒配管中の空気および水分を除去する。次に、車両用空調装置100bに設けられた冷媒充填口51と代替冷媒を供給する冷媒供給装置500とを、例えば冷媒充填用ホースなどで接続する。冷媒供給装置500は、開閉弁501を備えたボンベ等で構成される。
なお、冷媒回収・冷媒充填用ホースの接続口は、冷媒回収口50、冷媒充填口51と接続可能な口径を用いる。
以上により、車両用空調装置100bに代替冷媒を充填する充填工程を終了する。
次に、更新前後での運転状態の比較と効果について説明する。
図9に示すように、更新後の車両用空調装置100bの冷暖房能力は、更新前と同等の能力を確保している。このように、車両用空調装置100bを大型化せずにフレーム8に収納可能となり、旧冷媒より効率が低い代替冷媒を用いた場合であっても、冷媒回路の冷媒循環量を多くしているので、更新前の冷暖房能力と同等の能力を確保することができる。
例えば、図4、図5に示したように、圧縮機11、室内熱交換器12および室外熱交換器14を、フレーム8内に収納するための寸法に制約がある場合であっても、更新後の車両用空調装置100bをフレーム8内に収納できる。
また、圧縮機11bの大きさをほぼ同一の大きさとすることで、更新前の車両用空調装置100aからの設計変更にかかる時間の短縮を図ることができる。また、更新工事の期間の短縮を図ることができる。
図10は実施の形態2に係る更新後の車両用空調装置の冷媒回路図である。
図10に示すように、本実施の形態における制御部300には、制御部300に設定されている情報を出力するための出力端子330が設けられている。なお、その他の構成は、上記実施の形態1と同様であり、同一部分には同じ符号を付している。
なお、その他の工程は、上記実施の形態1と同様である。
よって、複数の車両用空調装置100を設置した車両1においては、旧冷媒を用いた車両用空調装置100aと、代替冷媒を用いた車両用空調装置100bとが混在する場合であっても、更新作業時での誤操作を防止でき、作業性の向上を図ることが可能である。
Claims (10)
- 車両に搭載されたフレーム内に設置される、第1の冷媒が使用された第1の空調装置を、フレーム内に第2の冷媒を用いる第2の空調装置を設置して更新する車両用空調装置の更新方法であって、
前記第1の空調装置の冷媒回路を構成している少なくとも第1の圧縮機、第1の熱源側熱交換器、第1の減圧手段および第1の利用側熱交換器を前記フレームから取り外す取外工程と、
前記フレーム内に第2の圧縮機、第2の熱源側熱交換器、第2の減圧手段および第2の利用側熱交換器を所定位置に配置して、前記第2の空調装置を構成する組立工程と、
前記フレーム内に設置された前記第2の空調装置に第2の冷媒を充填する充填工程とを有し、
前記第1の空調装置に設けられた第1の圧縮機を駆動するインバーターにより、前記第2の圧縮機の吐出側に設けられた圧力センサーおよび外気温度センサーの少なくとも一方の測定値に基づいて前記第2の圧縮機を制御し、前記第2の空調装置の冷媒循環量を前記第1の空調装置よりも多くしたことを特徴とする車両用空調装置の更新方法。 - 前記取外工程は、前記第1の圧縮機を駆動するインバーターの接続配線を前記第1の圧縮機から取り外す工程を有し、
前記組立工程は、前記インバーターの接続配線を前記第2の圧縮機に接続する配線工程と、前記第2の空調装置の運転時に、前記第1の圧縮機の駆動時の前記インバーターの運転周波数よりも高い運転周波数により該インバーターが制御されるように、前記インバーター制御手段の制御情報の内容を変更する設定変更工程とを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の車両用空調装置の更新方法。 - 前記組立工程は、前記インバーター制御手段に対し、前記第1の圧縮機あるいは前記第2の圧縮機の何れかを駆動する前記インバーターの運転周波数を選択させるための切替スイッチを、前記車両あるいは前記第2の空調装置の何れかに設置する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置の更新方法。
- 前記組立工程は、前記インバーターに前記第2の圧縮機が接続されている旨の情報を前記インバーター制御手段に通知する検知手段を設置する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の車両用空調装置の更新方法。
- 前記組立工程は、前記第1の冷媒あるいは前記第2の冷媒の何れが使用されているかを表示する情報表示手段を、前記車両あるいは前記第2の空調装置の何れかに設置する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4の何れかに記載の車両用空調装置の更新方法。
- 車両に搭載されたフレーム内に配置されていた、少なくとも、第1の圧縮機、第1の熱源側熱交換器、第1の減圧手段および第1の利用側熱交換器を順次に接続して第1の冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路を有する第1の空調装置に代えて、前記フレーム内に第2の空調装置が設置された車両用空調装置であって、
前記第2の空調装置は、第2の圧縮機、第2の熱源側熱交換器、第2の減圧手段および第2の利用側熱交換器を順次に接続して第2の冷媒を循環させる冷媒回路と、前記第1の圧縮機に代えて、前記第2の圧縮機と接続されたインバーターと、該インバーターと接続されたインバーター制御手段とを有し、
前記インバーター制御手段は、前記第1の圧縮機の駆動時の運転周波数よりも高い運転周波数で前記インバーターを制御し、冷媒循環量を前記第1の空調装置のときよりも多くすることを特徴とする車両用空調装置。 - 前記車両あるいは前記第2の空調装置の何れかに設置された切替スイッチを備え、
前記インバーター制御手段は、前記切替スイッチの操作から前記第2の圧縮機が接続されていることを検知すると、前記第1の圧縮機の駆動時の運転周波数よりも高い運転周波数により前記第2の圧縮機が駆動されるように前記インバーターを制御することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記第2の圧縮機を検知する検知手段を備え、
前記インバーター制御手段は、前記検知手段により前記第2の冷媒が使用されていることを検知すると、前記第1の圧縮機の駆動時の運転周波数よりも高い運転周波数により前記第2の圧縮機が駆動されるように前記インバーターを制御することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の車両用空調装置。 - 前記第1の冷媒あるいは前記第2の冷媒の何れが使用されているかを示す情報を前記インバーターを介して前記インバーター制御手段に伝達することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の車両用空調装置。
- 前記車両または前記第2の空調装置の何れかに設置された情報表示手段を備え、
前記インバーター制御手段は、使用されている冷媒情報を前記情報表示手段に出力することを特徴とする請求項7乃至9の何れかに記載の車両用空調装置。
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JP2008151386A (ja) | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Toshiba Kyaria Kk | 空気調和機 |
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JP3998346B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-10-24 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
US8069731B2 (en) * | 2006-05-08 | 2011-12-06 | Diversitech Corporation | Heating and air conditioning service gauge |
JP2010019550A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2010-01-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍・空調装置の施工方法 |
WO2012032587A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 車両用空調装置の更新方法、車両用空調装置 |
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- 2011-09-26 CN CN201180073702.7A patent/CN103826888B/zh active Active
- 2011-09-26 US US14/238,577 patent/US20140196480A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-09-26 JP JP2013535595A patent/JP5863812B2/ja active Active
- 2011-09-26 WO PCT/JP2011/005377 patent/WO2013046245A1/ja active Application Filing
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JPH0783545A (ja) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 空気調和機の冷媒変更方法 |
JPH0861792A (ja) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-03-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷凍装置の運転方法 |
JPH11316057A (ja) * | 1998-05-06 | 1999-11-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍空調装置 |
JP2003042603A (ja) * | 2001-08-02 | 2003-02-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置の製造方法、冷凍サイクル装置、及び冷凍サイクル装置の運転方法 |
JP2006525180A (ja) * | 2003-05-05 | 2006-11-09 | キャリア コーポレイション | バス・ルーフトップ空調機用の蒸発器エアシステム |
JP2008151386A (ja) | 2006-12-15 | 2008-07-03 | Toshiba Kyaria Kk | 空気調和機 |
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CN113264075A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-08-17 | 中车株洲电力机车有限公司 | 空调机组、轨道车辆空调系统及其风量控制方法 |
Also Published As
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JP5863812B2 (ja) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2762337A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
JPWO2013046245A1 (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
US20140196480A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
EP2762337B1 (en) | 2018-09-12 |
CN103826888A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2762337A4 (en) | 2015-12-30 |
CN103826888B (zh) | 2016-04-27 |
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